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    Rician Fading Channel Simulations: 6.1 Performance Objectives

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    G Mustafa Abbasi
    This document discusses simulating Rician fading channels in MATLAB. It describes modeling Rician fading using the ricianchan function, which can generate frequency-flat or frequency-selective Rician fading channels. Parameters like Doppler shift, K-factor, path delays, and path gains are discussed. Quasi-static channel modeling is demonstrated, where the channel is held constant for each trial. Finally, a Simulink model is shown for transmitting BPSK over AWGN and Rician fading channels.

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    Rician Fading Channel Simulations: 6.1 Performance Objectives

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    G Mustafa Abbasi
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    This document discusses simulating Rician fading channels in MATLAB. It describes modeling Rician fading using the ricianchan function, which can generate frequency-flat or frequency-selective Rician fading channels. Parameters like Doppler shift, K-factor, path delays, and path gains are discussed. Quasi-static channel modeling is demonstrated, where the channel is held constant for each trial. Finally, a Simulink model is shown for transmitting BPSK over AWGN and Rician fading channels.

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    This document discusses simulating Rician fading channels in MATLAB. It describes modeling Rician fading using the ricianchan function, which can generate frequency-flat or frequency-selective Rician fading channels. Parameters like Doppler shift, K-factor, path delays, and path gains are discussed. Quasi-static channel modeling is demonstrated, where the channel is held constant for each trial. Finally, a Simulink model is shown for transmitting BPSK over AWGN and Rician fading channels.

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    80 views4 pages

    Rician Fading Channel Simulations: 6.1 Performance Objectives

    Uploaded by

    G Mustafa Abbasi
    This document discusses simulating Rician fading channels in MATLAB. It describes modeling Rician fading using the ricianchan function, which can generate frequency-flat or frequency-selective Rician fading channels. Parameters like Doppler shift, K-factor, path delays, and path gains are discussed. Quasi-static channel modeling is demonstrated, where the channel is held constant for each trial. Finally, a Simulink model is shown for transmitting BPSK over AWGN and Rician fading channels.

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    Institute of information & Communication Technology (IICT), MUET

    Institute of Information & Communication Technologies (I


    2
    CT)
    Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan

    ADVANCED SIMULATION TOOLS
    Lab 06 Roll Number _______________

    Rician Fading Channel Simulations

    6.1 Performance Objectives

    After this lab, you should be able to:
    Acquire basic understanding of Rician Fading
    Be able to generate noise signal with Rician effect.
    Be able to analyze the effect of Rician Fading in Simulink

    6.2 Equipment Required

    PC with Windows
    MATLAB 6.5 or latest with Signal Processing and Communication Toolbox

    6.3 Introduction to Multipath Channel Environment

    6.3.1 Rician Fading

    The previous lab we simulated the multipath propagation channel without LOS and observed the BER
    performance under Rayleigh fading channel for different values of Doppler shift and its affect on the
    constellation diagram of the modulated signal.
    In this lab, we shall simulate Rician fading, where there is a LOS component present alongside multipath
    components.
    Following table will help you choose realistic parameters for simulation

    Path delay
    By convention, the first delay is typically set to zero and corresponds
    to the first arriving path
    For indoor environments, path delays after the first are typically
    between 1 ns and 100 ns
    For outdoor environments, path delays after the first are typically
    between 100 ns and 10 s

    Path gain
    The average path gains in the channel object indicate the average
    power gain of each fading path. In practice, an average path gain value
    is a large negative dB value. However, computer models typically use
    average path gains between -20 dB and 0 dB


    Institute of information & Communication Technology (IICT), MUET
    Doppler shift Doppler shift can be found out using the speed of the mobile and the
    operating frequency using relation
    Fd = vf/c
    where a Doppler shift of 0 corresponds to a static channel
    K-factor The Rician K-factor specifies the ratio of specular-to-diffuse power for
    a direct line-of-sight path. The ratio is expressed linearly, not in dB
    A K-factor of 0 corresponds to Rayleigh fading

    Table 6.1: Parameters for Rician channel object

    6.3.2 Modeling Rician Fading in MATLAB

    chan = ricianchan(ts,fd,k) constructs a frequency-flat ("single path") Rician fading channel object. ts is
    the sample time of the input signal, in seconds. fd is the maximum Doppler shift, in Hertz. k is the Rician
    K-factor. In this channel, the specular component has zero phase and the phase does not change with
    the Doppler shift. You can model the effect of the channel on a signal x by using the syntax y =
    filter(chan,x).

    chan = ricianchan(ts,fd,k,tau,pdb) constructs a frequency-selective ("multiple path") fading channel
    object that models the first discrete path as a Rician fading process and each of the remaining discrete
    paths as an independent Rayleigh fading process. tau is a vector of path delays, each specified in
    seconds. pdb is a vector of average path gains, each specified in dB.

    chan = ricianchan constructs a frequency-flat channel object with no Doppler shift and a K-factor of 1.
    This is a static channel. The sample time of the input signal is irrelevant for frequency-flat static
    channels.

    6.3.3 Quasi-static Channel Modeling

    The example below illustrates the quasi-static channel modeling approach.

    M = 4; % DQPSK modulation order
    numBits = 10000; % Each trial uses 10000 bits.
    numTrials = 20; % Number of BER computations

    % Create Rician channel object.
    chan = ricianchan; % Static channel
    chan.KFactor = 10; % Rician K-factor

    % Because chan.ResetBeforeFiltering is 1 by default,
    % FILTER resets the channel in each trial below.

    % Compute error rate once for each independent trial.
    for n = 1:numTrials
    tx = randint(numBits,1,M); % Random bit stream
    dpskSig = dpskmod(tx,M); % DPSK signal
    fadedSig = filter(chan, dpskSig); % Effect of channel

    Institute of information & Communication Technology (IICT), MUET
    rxSig = awgn(fadedSig,20); % Add Gaussian noise.
    rx = dpskdemod(rxSig,M); % Demodulate.

    % Compute number of symbol errors.
    % Ignore first sample because of DPSK initial condition.
    nErrors(n) = symerr(tx(2:end),rx(2:end))
    end
    per = mean(nErrors > 0) % Proportion of packets that had errors


    6.3.4 Simulink Model

    A wireless system is supposed to transmit data using BPSK modulation. Test the system for BER
    performance and scatter plots under AWGN and Rician fading environment.



    Figure 1: Simulink Model for BPSK over AWGN and Rician channel








    Institute of information & Communication Technology (IICT), MUET
    Review Questions

    1. Define the term Doppler shift?

    ______________________________________________________________________________

    ______________________________________________________________________________

    ______________________________________________________________________________



    2. What is the Difference between Static channel and Quasi-Static channel?
    ______________________________________________________________________________

    ______________________________________________________________________________

    ______________________________________________________________________________

    3. What parameters you have to change to model Rayleigh channel effect with rician
    block?
    ______________________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________________

    ______________________________________________________________________________

    4. A demonstration for this experiment was given in Simulink environment, with BPSK
    under Rician and AWGN environment. Build another Simulink model with differential D-
    QPSK and discuss the difference in results based on some plots.

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