%----------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------
% Demo to illustrate simple blob detection, measurement, and filtering.
% Requires the Image Processing Toolbox (IPT) because it demonstates some
functions
% supplied by that toolbox, plus it uses the "coins" demo image supplied with
that toolbox.
% If you have the IPT (you can check by typing ver on the command line), you
should be able to
% run this demo code simply by copying and pasting this code into a new
editor window,
% and then clicking the green "run" triangle on the toolbar.
% Running time = 7.5 seconds the first run and 2.5 seconds on subsequent
runs.
% A similar Mathworks demo:
%
http://www.mathworks.com/products/image/demos.html?file=/products/demos/shipp
ing/images/ipexprops.html
% Code written and posted by ImageAnalyst, July 2009.
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------
% function BlobsDemo()
% echo on;
% Startup code.
tic; % Start timer.
clc; % Clear command window.
clear all; % Get rid of variables from prior run of this m-file.
disp('Running BlobsDemo.m...'); % Message sent to command window.
workspace; % Show panel with all the variables.

% Change the current folder to the folder of this m-file.
% (The line of code below is from Brett Shoelson of The Mathworks.)
if(~isdeployed)
cd(fileparts(which(mfilename)));
end

% Read in standard MATLAB demo image

I = imread('ab.jpg');
originalImage = rgb2gray(I);
subplot(3, 3, 1);
imshow(originalImage);
% Maximize the figure window.
set(gcf, 'Position', get(0, 'ScreenSize'));
% Force it to display RIGHT NOW (otherwise it might not display until it's
all done, unless you've stopped at a breakpoint.)
drawnow;
caption = sprintf('Original "coins" image showing\n6 nickels (the larger
coins) and 4 dimes (the smaller coins).');
title(caption);
axis square; % Make sure image is not artificially stretched because of
screen's aspect ratio.

% Just for fun, let's get its histogram.
[pixelCount grayLevels] = imhist(originalImage);
subplot(3, 3, 2);
bar(pixelCount); title('Histogram of original image');
xlim([0 grayLevels(end)]); % Scale x axis manually.

% Threshold the image to get a binary image (only 0's and 1's) of class
"logical."
% Method #1: using im2bw()
% normalizedThresholdValue = 0.4; % In range 0 to 1.
% thresholdValue = normalizedThresholdValue * max(max(originalImage)); %
Gray Levels.
% binaryImage = im2bw(originalImage, normalizedThresholdValue); % One
way to threshold to binary
% Method #2: using a logical operation.
thresholdValue = 100;
binaryImage = originalImage > thresholdValue; % Bright objects will be the
chosen if you use >.
% binaryImage = originalImage < thresholdValue; % Dark objects will be the
chosen if you use <.

% Do a "hole fill" to get rid of any background pixels inside the blobs.
binaryImage = imfill(binaryImage, 'holes');

% Show the threshold as a vertical red bar on the histogram.
hold on;
maxYValue = ylim;
hStemLines = stem(thresholdValue, maxYValue(2), 'r');
children = get(hStemLines, 'children');
set(children(2),'visible', 'off');
% Place a text label on the bar chart showing the threshold.
annotationText = sprintf('Thresholded at %d gray levels', thresholdValue);
% For text(), the x and y need to be of the data class "double" so let's cast
both to double.
text(double(thresholdValue + 5), double(0.5 * maxYValue(2)), annotationText,
'FontSize', 10, 'Color', [0 .5 0]);
text(double(thresholdValue - 70), double(0.94 * maxYValue(2)), 'Background',
'FontSize', 10, 'Color', [0 0 .5]);
text(double(thresholdValue + 50), double(0.94 * maxYValue(2)), 'Foreground',
'FontSize', 10, 'Color', [0 0 .5]);


% Display the binary image.
subplot(3, 3, 3); imagesc(binaryImage); colormap(gray(256)); title('Binary
Image, obtained by thresholding'); axis square;

labeledImage = bwlabel(binaryImage, 8); % Label each blob so we can make
measurements of it
coloredLabels = label2rgb (labeledImage, 'hsv', 'k', 'shuffle'); % pseudo
random color labels

subplot(3, 3, 4);
imshow(labeledImage, []);
title('Labeled Image, from bwlabel()');
axis square;
subplot(3, 3, 5);
imagesc(coloredLabels);
axis square;
caption = sprintf('Pseudo colored labels, from label2rgb().\nBlobs are
numbered from top to bottom, then from left to right.');
title(caption);

% Get all the blob properties. Can only pass in originalImage in version
R2008a and later.
blobMeasurements = regionprops(labeledImage, originalImage, 'all');
numberOfBlobs = size(blobMeasurements, 1);

% bwboundaries() returns a cell array, where each cell contains the
row/column coordinates for an object in the image.
% Plot the borders of all the coins on the original grayscale image using the
coordinates returned by bwboundaries.
subplot(3, 3, 6); imagesc(originalImage);
title('Outlines, from bwboundaries()'); axis square;
hold on;
boundaries = bwboundaries(binaryImage);
numberOfBoundaries = size(boundaries);
for k = 1 : numberOfBoundaries
thisBoundary = boundaries{k};
plot(thisBoundary(:,2), thisBoundary(:,1), 'g', 'LineWidth', 2);
end
hold off;

fontSize = 14; % Used to control size of "blob number" labels put atop the
image.
labelShiftX = -7; % Used to align the labels in the centers of the coins.
blobECD = zeros(1, numberOfBlobs);
% Print header line in the command window.
fprintf(1,'Blob # Mean Intensity Area Perimeter Centroid
Diameter\n');
% Loop over all blobs printing their measurements to the command window.
for k = 1 : numberOfBlobs % Loop through all blobs.
% Find the mean of each blob. (R2008a has a better way where you can
pass the original image
% directly into regionprops. The way below works for all versions
including earlier versions.)
thisBlobsPixels = blobMeasurements(k).PixelIdxList; % Get list of pixels
in current blob.
meanGL = mean(originalImage(thisBlobsPixels)); % Find mean intensity (in
original image!)
meanGL2008a = blobMeasurements(k).MeanIntensity; % Mean again, but only
for version >= R2008a

blobArea = blobMeasurements(k).Area; % Get area.
blobPerimeter = blobMeasurements(k).Perimeter; % Get perimeter.
blobCentroid = blobMeasurements(k).Centroid; % Get centroid.
blobECD(k) = sqrt(4 * blobArea / pi); % Compute ECD -
Equivalent Circular Diameter.
fprintf(1,'#%2d %17.1f %11.1f %8.1f %8.1f %8.1f % 8.1f\n', k, meanGL,
blobArea, blobPerimeter, blobCentroid, blobECD(k));
% Put the "blob number" labels on the "boundaries" grayscale image.
text(blobCentroid(1) + labelShiftX, blobCentroid(2), num2str(k),
'FontSize', fontSize, 'FontWeight', 'Bold');
end

% Put the labels on the rgb labeled image also.
subplot(3, 3, 5);
for k = 1 : numberOfBlobs % Loop through all blobs.
blobCentroid = blobMeasurements(k).Centroid; % Get centroid.
text(blobCentroid(1) + labelShiftX, blobCentroid(2), num2str(k),
'FontSize', fontSize, 'FontWeight', 'Bold');
end

% Now I'll demonstrate how to select certain blobs based using the ismember
function.
% Let's say that we wanted to find only those blobs
% with an intensity between 150 and 220 and an area less than 2000 pixels.
% This would give us the three brightest dimes (the smaller coin type).
allBlobIntensities = [blobMeasurements.MeanIntensity];
allBlobAreas = [blobMeasurements.Area];
% Get a list of the blobs that meet our criteria and we need to keep.
allowableIntensityIndexes = (allBlobIntensities > 150) & (allBlobIntensities
< 220);
allowableAreaIndexes = allBlobAreas < 2000; % Take the small objects.
keeperIndexes = find(allowableIntensityIndexes & allowableAreaIndexes);
% Extract only those blobs that meet our criteria, and
% eliminate those blobs that don't meet our criteria.
% Note how we use ismember() to do this.
keeperBlobsImage = ismember(labeledImage, keeperIndexes);
% Re-label with only the keeper blobs kept.
labeledDimeImage = bwlabel(keeperBlobsImage, 8); % Label each blob so we
can make measurements of it
% Now we're done. We have a labeled image of blobs that meet our specified
criteria.
subplot(3, 3, 7);
imshow(labeledDimeImage, []);
axis square;
title('"Keeper" blobs (3 brightest dimes in a re-labeled image)');

% Now use the keeper blob as a mask on the original image.
% This will let us display the original image in the regions of the keeper
blobs.
maskedImageDime = originalImage; % Simply a copy at first.
maskedImageDime(~keeperBlobsImage) = 0; % Set all non-keeper pixels to zero.
subplot(3, 3, 8);
imshow(maskedImageDime);
axis square;
title('Only the 3 brightest dimes from the original image');

% Now let's get the nickels (the larger coin type)
keeperIndexes = find(allBlobAreas > 2000); % Take the larger objects.
% Note how we use ismember to select the blobs that meet our criteria.
nickelBinaryImage = ismember(labeledImage, keeperIndexes);
maskedImageNickel = originalImage; % Simply a copy at first.
maskedImageNickel(~nickelBinaryImage) = 0; % Set all non-nickel pixels to
zero.
subplot(3, 3, 9);
imshow(maskedImageNickel, []);
axis square;
title('Only the nickels from the original image');

elapsedTime = toc;
% Alert user that the demo is done and give them the option to save an image.
message = sprintf('Finished running BlobsDemo.m.\n\nElapsed time = %.2f
seconds.', elapsedTime);
message = sprintf('%s\n\nCheck out the figure window for the images.\nCheck
out the command window for the numerical results.', message);
message = sprintf('%s\n\nDo you want to save the pseudo-colored image?',
message);
reply = questdlg(message, 'Save image?', 'Yes', 'No', 'No');
% Note: reply will = '' for Upper right X, 'Yes' for Yes, and 'No' for No.
if strcmpi(reply, 'Yes')
% Ask user for a filename.
FilterSpec = {'*.tif', 'TIFF images (*.tif)'; '*.*', 'All Files (*.*)'};
DialogTitle = 'Save image file name';
% Get the default filename. Make sure it's in the folder where this m-
file lives.
% (If they run this file but the cd is another folder then pwd will show
that folder, not this one.
thisFile = mfilename('fullpath');
[thisFolder, baseFileName, ext, version] = fileparts(thisFile);
DefaultName = sprintf('%s/%s.tif', thisFolder, baseFileName);
[fileName, specifiedFolder] = uiputfile(FilterSpec, DialogTitle,
DefaultName);
% Parse what they actually specified.
[folder, baseFileName, ext, version] = fileparts(fileName);
% Create the full filename, making sure it has a tif filename.
fullImageFileName = fullfile(specifiedFolder, [baseFileName '.tif']);
% Save the labeled image as a tif image.
imwrite(uint8(coloredLabels), fullImageFileName);
% Just for fun, read image back into the imtool utility to demonstrate
that tool.
tifimage = imread(fullImageFileName);
imtool(tifimage, []);
end

message = sprintf('Would you like to crop out each coin to individual
images?');
reply = questdlg(message, 'Extract Individual Images?', 'Yes', 'No', 'Yes');
% Note: reply will = '' for Upper right X, 'Yes' for Yes, and 'No' for No.
if strcmpi(reply, 'Yes')
figure;
% Maximize the figure window.
set(gcf, 'Position', get(0, 'ScreenSize'));
for k = 1 : numberOfBlobs % Loop through all blobs.
% Find the bounding box of each blob.
thisBlobsBoundingBox = blobMeasurements(k).BoundingBox; % Get list
of pixels in current blob.
% Extract out this coin into it's own image.
subImage = imcrop(originalImage, thisBlobsBoundingBox);
% Display the image with informative caption.
subplot(3, 4, k);
imshow(subImage);
caption = sprintf('Coin #%d\nDiameter = %.1f pixels\nArea = %d
pixels', k, blobECD(k), blobMeasurements(k).Area);
title(caption, 'FontSize', 14);
end

% Display the MATLAB "peaks" logo.
logoFig = subplot(3,4, 12);
caption = sprintf('A MATLAB Demo\nby ImageAnalyst');
text(0.5,1.15, caption, 'Color','r', 'FontSize', 18, 'FontWeight','b',
'HorizontalAlignment', 'Center') ;
positionOfLowerRightPlot = get(logoFig, 'position');
L = 40*membrane(1,25);
logoax = axes('CameraPosition', [-193.4013 -265.1546 220.4819],...
'CameraTarget',[26 26 10], ...
'CameraUpVector',[0 0 1], ...
'CameraViewAngle',9.5, ...
'DataAspectRatio', [1 1 .9],...
'Position', positionOfLowerRightPlot, ...
'Visible','off', ...
'XLim',[1 51], ...
'YLim',[1 51], ...
'ZLim',[-13 40], ...
'parent',gcf);
s = surface(L, ...
'EdgeColor','none', ...
'FaceColor',[0.9 0.2 0.2], ...
'FaceLighting','phong', ...
'AmbientStrength',0.3, ...
'DiffuseStrength',0.6, ...
'Clipping','off',...
'BackFaceLighting','lit', ...
'SpecularStrength',1.1, ...
'SpecularColorReflectance',1, ...
'SpecularExponent',7, ...
'Tag','TheMathWorksLogo', ...
'parent',logoax);
l1 = light('Position',[40 100 20], ...
'Style','local', ...
'Color',[0 0.8 0.8], ...
'parent',logoax);
l2 = light('Position',[.5 -1 .4], ...
'Color',[0.8 0.8 0], ...
'parent',logoax);
end