Exercise Pastpaper

2009 Sem A Question 1
A survey was carried out for a closed loop traverse ABCDEA as shown in Figure Q1. The
external angles measured in clockwise direction are given in Table Q1
The coordinates of Station A are 1000.00mE, 1000.00mN and the line AE has whole circle
bearing of 55 55 00.
(a)
Adjust the measured angles
(5 marks)
(b)
Calculate the whole circle bearings for all the measured angles
(6 marks)
(c)
Calculate the changes in Easting and Northing for all stations
(6 marks)
(d)
Evaluate the adjusted coordinates of the traverse stations using Bowditchs method
(8 marks)
N
E
A
C
D
B
Figure Q1 (Not to scale)
Station
Observing
B
E
Face-left
reading
000
2714330
Horizontal
distance
110.999
114.940
Face-right
reading
18000
914350
Horizontal
distance
110.999
114.942
C
A
001
2831801
104.125
110.999
18001
1031801
104.123
110.999
D
B
3595959
1174129
141.011
104.124
1795959
2974129
141.011
104.124
E
C
000
3413540
205.616
141.010
18000
1613540
205.618
141.012
A
D
001
2453931
114.942
205.617
1795959
653929
114.940
205.617
Table Q1

(a)
A new 30 m steel tape, which had previously been standardized at a tension of 50 N and
at a temperature of 20C, was compared with a standard tape and the reading on the
standard tape was found to be 29.994 m. It was then used to take measurements.
Correct the horizontal length based on the following information, taking into
consideration the tape standardization, temperature, catenary, slope, and tension effect.
The recorded length was 25.222 m measuring in catenary at a temperature of 35C and
under a tension force of 20 N. The slope angle between two supports was 245,
where
Mass of tape = 0.2 N/m
Cross-sectional area of the tape = 2.5 mm2
Youngs modulus E = 200kN/mm2
Coefficient of thermal expansion = 11 x 10-6 m/C
(20 marks)
(b)
Is your new measurement tape shorter or longer than the standard tape based on the
measurement details given in part (a)? Could you explain why this is the case? If you
keep using the measurement tape in undertaking linear distance measurement tasks
under similar conditions, what changes would you expect in the correction calculations
in the future?
(5 marks)
2007 Sem B Question 1

(a)
A 50 m steel tape, which had previously been standardized at a tension of 100 N and at
a temperature of 20C, was found to be 0.005 m longer when compared
with a standard tape. It was then used to take measurement.
Correct the horizontal length based on the following information taking into
consideration of the tape standardization, temperature, catenary, slope, and tension
effects:
The recorded length was 49.9915 m measuring in catenary at a temperature of 30C and
under a tension force of 70 N. The difference in height between two supports was 0.6m,
where
Mass of tape = 0.2 N/m
Cross-sectional area of the tape = 3.21 mm2
Young's modulus E = 2.2 x 105 N/ mm2
Coefficient of expansion = 12 x 10-6 m/C
(25 marks)
(b)
In linear distance measurement, taping is known to be one direct measurement

method while Electro-optical Distance Measurement (EDM) is an INDIRECT
measurement method. Describe their working principles with the help of diagrams.
(9 marks)
2007 Sem B Question 2

(a)
A leveling work was perform to determine various reduced levels of point A, B, C, D,

and E. The level was started at BM1 with reduced level of 50.000m A.O.D. and ended
at BM2 with reduced level of 49.538. Corresponding staff readings (in m) are given in
Figure Q2.
Input all relevant data into a booking form using the Rise-and-fall method, verify your
data entries, and calculate the misclosure and the adjusted reduced levels of all points of
interest A, B, C, D and E.
(25 marks)
2.775
0.234
2.451
2.433
1.256
BM1
50.000 m
A.O.D.
2.553
2.633
1.980
1.571
BM2
49.538 m
A.O.D.

A survey was carried out for a closed loop traverse as shown in Figure Q1. Internal face-left
and face-right angles are measured and given in Table Q1.
The coordinates of Station A are 1000.00mE, 1000.00mN and the line AF has whole circle
bearing of 166 45 52.
(a)
Adjust all measured items
(5 marks)
(b)
Calculate the whole circle bearings for all the measured angles
(6 marks)
(c)
Form a table to present all the adjusted angles, bearings and linear distances
(2 marks)
(d)
Calculate the changes in Easting and Northing for all stations
(6 marks)
(e)
Evaluate the adjusted coordinates of the traverse stations using Bowditchs method
(6 marks)
N
B
A
C
F
E
D
Station
Observing
F
B
Face-left
reading
000
1301845
Horizontal
distance
65.914
14.247
Face-right
reading
18000
3101845
Horizontal
distance
65.914
14.249
A
C
001
1101824
14.248
85.771
18001
2901824
14.248
85.771
B
D
3595959
993234
85.772
77.317
1795959
2793234
85.770
77.319
C
E
000
116180
77.318
28.221
18000
296184
77.318
28.223
D
F
001
119468
28.222
53.099
1795959
299466
28.222
53.098
E
A
001
1434621
53.097
65.915
Table Q1
18001
3234621
53.102
65.913

(a)
Leveling work was performed to determine various reduced levels of points A, B, C, D,

and E. Site measurement was started at BM2 with a reduced level of 49.538m A.O.D.
and ended at BM1 with a reduced level of 50.000m A.O.D. Corresponding mid-hair
staff readings (in meters) are given in Figure Q2.
Input all of the relevant data into a booking form using the HEIGHT OF PLANE OF
COLLIMATION method along the measuring direction, verify and check your data
entries and calculate the misclosure and the adjusted reduced levels for all station
points.
(15 marks)
2.775
2.553

0.234
(b)
2.451
2.433
1.256
2.633
1.980
1.571
Calculate also the HEIGHT OF PLANE OF COLLIMATION corresponding to the

How would you improve the
BM1three instrument stations based on the adjusted figures.

50.000
m
accuracy
of booking during the measurement works?
A.O.D.
(8
BM2
49.538 m
marks)
A.O.D.
Solution to 2009 Sem A Question 1

Station
A
B
C
D
E
Back bearing
Station
Adjusted left hand angle
Line
Forward bearing
55
55
88
16
144
11
324
11
76
41
40
52
220
52
242
18
103
10
283
10
18
24
301
34
121
34
114
20
235
55
AE
A
AB
BA
B
BC
CB
C
CD
DC
D
DE
ED
E
EA
Length (m)
AB
BC
CD
DE
EA
110.999
104.124
141.011
205.617
114.941
Coordinate difference
00
00
00
00
40
40
40
10
50
50
00
50
50
10
00
Whole circle
bearing,
144
11
00
40
52
40
103
10
50
301
34
50
235
55
00
Horizontal
distance, D
Calculated
Adjustments
Adjusted
Station
Line
Adjusted Internal
Angles
881600
764140
2421810
182400
1142010
Coordinates
110.999
+64.956
-90.008
-0.005
+0.027
+64.951
-89.981
104.124
+68.144
+78.729
-0.005
+0.026
+68.139
141.011
+137.296
-32.153
-0.007
+0.035
205.617
-175.166
+107.681
-0.010
114.941
-95.197
-64.416
D =
676.692
E =
+0.033
N =
-0.167
E
1000.000
N
1000.000
1064.951
910.019
+78.755
1133.090
988.774
+137.289
-32.118
1270.379
956.656
+0.051
-175.176
+107.732
1095.203
1064.388
-0.006
+0.028
-95.203
-64.388
1000.000
1000.000
E =
-0.033
N =
+0.167
E =
0.000
N =
0.000

(a)
1. Correction for slope:
Cslope = - Lm (1- cos)
= -25.222 ( 1- cos245)
= -0.0290m
2. Correction for standardization:
Cstandard = Lm x (Ls Ln) / Ln
= 25.222 (29.994 30) / 30
= -0.0050m
3. Correction for temperature:
Ctemp = LmC (tm-ts)
= 25.222 x 0.000011 (35 20)
= +0.0042m
4. Correction for tension:
Ctension = (T Ts) Lm/EA
= (20 -50)(25.222)/ (200 x 1000 x 2.5)
= -0.0015m
5. Correction for Sag:
Csag = -W2 Lm3 cos2/24T2
= -0.202 (25.222)3 cos2245/(24 x 202)
= -0.0667m
The absolute horizontal length AB

= Lm + Cslope + Cst + Ctemp + Ctension + Csag
= 25.222 + (-0.0290) + (-0.0050) + 0.0042 + (-0.0015) + (-0.0667)
= 25.222 0.098
= 25.124m
(b)
According to the given measurement details, the new measurement tape is 0.006m shorter
than the standard tape.
Since this is a new tape, the difference in length may be due to the imperfect production
process.
If the tape is kept using for field measurement, it is expected that constant pulling of tape
under applied force pressure will elongate the tape gradually and the correction for
standardization will become smaller and smaller over time. Therefore, checking of any
inconsistency found during measurement can be conducted.
-2-
2007 (3144P) Sem B Q1

(a)
1.Correction for standardization
Cstandardization = + 0.005m
2. Correction for temperature
Ctension = L x x (tm ts)
= 49.9915 x 12 x 10-6 x (30 20)
= +0.006 m
3. Correction for slope
Cslope = -L x (1-cos) or -h2/2L
= -0.62/(2 x 49.9915)
= -0.0036 m
4. Correction for tension
Ctension = L x (Tm Ts)/(A x E)
= 49.9915 x (70 100)/(3.21 x 2.2 x 105)
= -0.0021 m
5. Correction for sag
w 2 L3 cos 2
Csag = 24T 2
= - 0.22 x 49.99153 x cos2 (0.596)/(24 x 702)
= -0.0425 m
Correct length of the bay reduced to mean sea level
= 49.9915 + 0.005 + 0.006 0.0036 0.0021 0.0425
= 49.9543 m
2007 (3144P) Sem B Question 2

(a)
BS
IS
FS
Rise
Fall
0.234
2.451
2.433
2.775
2.217
1.256
2.553
1.980
2.633
1.571
0.018
1.177
0.222
0.080
0.409
-3-
Initial
R.L.
50.000
Adj.
+ 0.000
Adj.
R.L.
50.000
47.783
47.801
48.978
49.200
49.120
49.529
+ 0.003
+ 0.003
+ 0.003
+ 0.006
+ 0.006
+ 0.009
47.786
47.804
48.981
79.206
49.126
49.538
Remark
BM1
50.000 m
AOD
A
B
C
D
E
BM2
49.538 m
AOD
2010 Sem A Q1
LINE
130 18
43
AB
297 04
35 297 04 35
BA
117 04
35
110 18
21
BC
227 22
56 227 22 56
CB
47
22
56
99
32
33
CD
146 55
29 146 55 29
DC
326 55
29
116 18
00
DE
83
29 83 13 29
ED
263 13
29
119 46
05
EF
22
34 22 59 34
FE
202 59
34
143 46
18
FA
346 45
52 346 45 52
13
59
Coordinate differences
Calculated
Adjustments
Adjusted
E
Coordinates
E
Station
Back bearing
Adjusted left Whole circle Horizontal
STATION
distance,
hand angle
bearing,
D
Forward
LINE
bearing
AF
166 45 52
1000.00 1000.00
14.248
-12.686 +6.485 -0.003 +0.000 -12.689 +6.485
85.771
-63.118 -58.076 -0.018 +0.002 -63.136 -58.074 924.175 948.411
77.318
+42.196 -64.789 -0.016 +0.002 +42.180 -64.787 966.355 883.624
28.222
+28.025 +3.330 -0.006 +0.001 +28.019 +3.331 994.374 886.955
53.099
+20.741 +48.880 -0.011 +0.001 +20.730 +48.881 1015.104 935.836
65.914
-15.091 +64.163 -0.013 +0.001 -15.104 +64.164 1000.00 1000.00
D =
324.572
E = N = E = N = E = N =
+0.067 -0.007 -0.067 +0.007 +0.000 -0.000
987.311 1006.485 B
2010 Sem A Q2 a
Correct Table format
Correct BS, IS, FS
Correct HPCs
Correct initial R.L.s
Correct adjustments and adj. R.L.s
Correct remarks
(1 mark)
(3 marks)
(3 marks)
(2 marks)
(2 marks)
(2 marks)
(1 mark)
Final initial R.L. First initial R.L. = Sum of BS Sum of FS = correct figure (1 mark)
-4-

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2009 Sem A Question 1

Adjust the measured angles

Calculate the changes in Easting and Northing for all stations

2009 Sem A Question 3

2007 Sem B Question 1

In linear distance measurement, taping is known to be one direct measurement

2007 Sem B Question 2

A leveling work was perform to determine various reduced levels of point A, B, C, D,

Figure Q2 (Not to scale)

2010 Sem A Question 1

Adjust all measured items

Calculate the changes in Easting and Northing for all stations

Figure Q1 (Not to scale)

2010 Sem A Question 2

Leveling work was performed to determine various reduced levels of points A, B, C, D,

Figure Q2 (Not to scale)

Calculate also the HEIGHT OF PLANE OF COLLIMATION corresponding to the

BM1three instrument stations based on the adjusted figures.

Figure Q2 (Not to scale)

Solution to 2009 Sem A Question 1

Adjusted left hand angle

2009 Sem A Question 3

The absolute horizontal length AB

2007 (3144P) Sem B Q1

2007 (3144P) Sem B Question 2

-12.686 +6.485 -0.003 +0.000 -12.689 +6.485

-63.118 -58.076 -0.018 +0.002 -63.136 -58.074 924.175 948.411

+42.196 -64.789 -0.016 +0.002 +42.180 -64.787 966.355 883.624

+28.025 +3.330 -0.006 +0.001 +28.019 +3.331 994.374 886.955

+20.741 +48.880 -0.011 +0.001 +20.730 +48.881 1015.104 935.836

-15.091 +64.163 -0.013 +0.001 -15.104 +64.164 1000.00 1000.00

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