1/30/2014

DesignandSpecification
ofOpenSystems
RonBernstein
President,RBCGLLC
ron@rbcg.com
www.rbcg.com

RonBernstein

President RBCG,LLC Consultant

ChiefAmbassador LonMarkInternational
Director TheSmartBuildingsInstitute
Chairman LonMarkBuildingAutomationTaskGroup
Advisor MSSLC StreetlightingConsortium
WebMaster/VotingMember ASHRAESGPC13GuideSpecification
Committee
Member ANSI/CEA R7HomeAutomationNetworkingCommittee
Member ASHRAE
Member CABA
Advisor GovernmentofKuwait
Consultant SuncorEnergy
ConsultantandAdvisor USArmyCorpsofEngineers
Consultant UniversityofAlberta
Advisor/Consultant BuildingIntelligenceGroup
Author/CoAuthor TheLonWorksInstallationHandbook,MSSLC Guide
Spec,ASHRAEGuideSpec,LonMarkGuideSpec,manyarticles,lectures,
classes
BS MechanicalEngineering CarnegieMellonUniversity
MS Psychology UniversityofSantaMonica
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Copyright2013byRBCG,LLCAllrightsreserved

1/30/2014

CreatingAHigherLevelof
AwarenessThroughBetter
Communication

PrinciplesofSuccess
Areyouawareofhowwellyoursystemswork?Whats
notworking?Whereyoucanimprove?
Betteraccesstoinformationenablesbetterdecisions
Youcantcontrolwhatyoucantsee
Successstartswithdevelopingamasterplan
Buildupfromacommoninformationand
communicationinfrastructure
Enableflexibility,scalability,andcompetition
Remove/reducetherelianceonproprietary,lockedin
solutionsthroughbettersystemdesignand
specifications

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Vision
Helprealizeprimarygoals:

AchieveGREENinitiatives
Reduceenergyfootprint
Improveefficiency
ReduceCAPEX andOPEX costs
Improvereliability,security,andperformance

Developstandardsandspecifications
basedonindustrybestpractices
Developcompliancetostandards
requirements
Evaluateprocessesandprocedures
Validationofprograms

ProjectProcess
Vision
Validation

Objective

Scope

Enforcement

Adoption

Specification

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Copyright2013byRBCG,LLCAllrightsreserved

1/30/2014

KeyObjectives

Reduceengineeringtimeandconfusion
Developcrosscompatiblestandards
Addresssystemdesignbestpractices
Addressinteroperabilityandconnectivity
Definespecificationguidance
Establishbasicintegrationrequirements
Definerolesandresponsibilities
Ensurecompliancetorequirements
Streamlinesystemengineering

PrinciplesofSmartSystem
DesignandSpecification

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DumbSystems
DumbBuilding
NoConnectivity
NoIntegration
NoCommunication
NoControl
HigherCosttoOperate
HigherCosttoMaintain
LessEnergyEfficient
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SmartIntegratedSystems
BestPractices
BasedontheSmartBuildingsInstitute
Recommendations:
FullConnectivity Communications
GoodIntegration NoSystemSilos
InteroperableControlNetwork
CommonSystemArchitecture Wiring
BasedonOpenSystemsStandards
FacilityOperationsUserDisplays,Dashboards
CentralManagement,DataCollection,UserInterface
AnalyticsTools,FDD(FaultDetection/Diagnostics)
EnterpriseITConnectivity,Security,Reliability
http://www.smartbuildingsinstitute.org/

1/30/2014

Terms
DDC DirectDigitalControl thehardware
BAS BuildingAutomationSystem networked
hardwarecontrollers
BMS BuildingManagementSystem softwarefor
facilitymanagers
EMS EnterpriseManagementSystem userinterface
forcampus,cityfacilitymanagers(morethanone
building)
EEMS/EIMS EnterpriseEnergy
Management/InformationSystem userinterfacefor
monitoringandcontrollingalargefacilitiesenergyand
controlsystems

TheKey:Interoperabilityand
Integration
Systemsandsubsystemsaremoreeffective
andefficientiftheycanworktogether
WorkTogethercanhavemanydiffering
connotations;wemeaninteroperate
Ownersgainvalueinchoices,competition,
andflexibility
Butdontwanttoreplace,theywantto
integrate MakeMyStuffWorkTogether
Defineacommondataandcommunications
model
Repeatable,scalable,andbasedonindustry
standards

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Definition Interoperability
Interoperability theabilityofadeviceto
operateonanetworkinaconsistentmanner
withasimilarlikedevice,sharingacommon
definedsetofinformationbutarenotexactly
identicalnoraretheyplugandplay
interchangeable.
Notthesameas:Interchangeable,
Compatible,PlugnPlay,Compliant,etc.
Copyright2013byRBCG,LLCAllrightsreserved

SmartSystems
KeyPerformanceIndicators

Abilityto
network
(systemand
subsystem)

Abilityto
see
information
(visualize
realtime)

Abilityto
collect
information
(historical)

Abilityto
process
information
(analyze)

Abilityto
make
decisions
(report)

Abilityto
compare
(baseline
evaluations)

Abilityto
validate
overtime
(trend)

Abilityto
control
(take
action)

Copyright2013byRBCG,LLCAllrightsreserved

1/30/2014

TheBigPicture
EnterpriseApplications

Any TCP/IP network

Smart Elevators

Smart Access Control

Smart Lighting

Smart Metering

Smart Grid

Smart Renewables

Smart Buildings

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TheScope:EnergyandControl
AHolisticApproach

GUI USERAPPS

Enterprise
Site
Systems

Alarms,Reports,Control,
Monitoring,LoadShed,Demand
Limiting,FinancialPerformance

Demand
Response

Outdoor

Indoor
Facility

Utility

HVAC

Facility

Lights

Parking

Street

Pathway

Lighting

Energy

Metering
Sub
Billing

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Copyright2013byRBCG,LLCAllrightsreserved

1/30/2014

TheMultiTierModelfor
AutomationSystems

ModelObjective
Providecheckandbalanceofresponsibilities
ReducevendorLockin
Encouragefaircompetitivebidding
Provideoptionsforlongtermservice

Improveprojectimplementationand
commissioningtime
Reducechangeorders,hiddencosts
Clearlydefineareasofresponsibilityfor
contractors,vendors,andowner

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BuildingDataAbstraction

3TierArchitecture
Enterprise/Site

Tier1

Connectivity

Tier2

BuildingInfrastructure
Connectivity

Tier3

DeviceLevel:Sensors
ActuatorsControllers

Copyright2012byRBCG,LLCAllrights
reserved

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Tier1 EnterpriseConnectivity
BuildingDataAbstraction

Analytics

Reporting

Tier1

EnterpriseConnectivity
DemandResponse
MasterSystemIntegrator
ITandEnergyManager
DataMining

Visualization
Servers,ITSecurity,
Firewalls,IPConnectivity

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Tier2 BuildingInfrastructure
BuildingDataAbstraction

Communications
ControlNetwork
LocalDisplayPanel

Tier2

Building
Infrastructure
SystemIntegrator
ControlsContractor

BAStoBMStoEMS
NetworkConnectivity
Routers/Gateways
Media(Wired,
Wireless,PLC,Fiber)

Tier3 DDC DevicesandEquipment

BuildingDataAbstraction

HVACEquipment

LightingFixtures

DDC Devices
VendorSupplied
MechanicalorElectrical

Meters

Sensors

Tier3
Actuators

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3TierSystemArchitecture
EnterpriseApplications
BuildingOperationsCenter
Call/DispatchCenter
Reporting/Scheduling
EnergyAnalytics,Dashboards,Kiosks

Tier1

RemoteAccess
EmailandTXTAlarms
BrowserBasedMonitoring
andControl
SmartPhones,TabletAccess

Enterprise Internet/VPN
LNS
Database

WAN

GraphicalUserInterface
NetworkTools
Diagnostics
ITConnectionto
Internet
WebInterface

Site IP/Ethernet Network

Firewall
ITSwitch

DashboardInterface
NetworkTools
Diagnostics
WebInterface

LAN

IP852Routeror
XMLServeror
WebServer

Tier2
Device Control Network

LON

Equipment
Tier3

StandardNetworkVariables
ExchangedBetweenDevices
andtoPC,Web,RemoteAccess

Sensors/Actuators

Devices

Standard420mA,
010VDC,relaywiring

SpecificationCompliance
Specificationlanguagewithrequirements
Validationandenforcementrequirements
definedforvendorsandintegrators

Enablecompetitivebidatmultiplelevelsof
thesystem
Ensuremultiplesourcesofcertifiedproducts
Provideaninteroperablecommunication
infrastructure
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Copyright2013byRBCG,LLCAllrightsreserved

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1/30/2014

KeyEffortsforOpenSystemDesign

StandardCommunicationPlatform ISO14908(LON)
CommonDeviceProfiles LONMARK
CommonStandardDataTypes SNVTS(LONMARK)
StandardNetworkManagementPlatform LNS
3TierArchitectureModelforContracting
FacilityMasterSystemsIntegrator/ControlsContractor
ClearDefinitionofResponsibilities

DefineinSpecifications
EnsureVendorComplianceandFeedback

VendorEquipmentRequirements
Allequipmentandcontrollersmustbe
LonMarkCertifiedtotheLONstandardsfor
interoperability
Mustfollowstandardprofiledefinitionsand
documenttheirinterface
Providefullproductintegrationinformation
Providerequiredtraininganddocumentation
Adheretothestandardsforwiring,
termination,connectivity,environmental
conditions,safetyrequirementsandmore
Testandverifyallnetworkintegrationisin
compliance
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1/30/2014

MasterSystemIntegration
Responsibilities
BuildingAutomationSystemPanelIntegration
Design,Maintain,andSupplyBMSPanels
BuildingManagementSystem

Userinterface
Commondashboardlookandfeel
Databasemanagementandmaintenance
BMSsoftwareintegration,programming,andtools
Operationaltraining,documentation,support,service

IntegrateTier3equipmentintoBMS
HVAC,Lighting,Fire,Gas,Energy,etc
Overseeequipmentsuppliercompliancetostandard
Coordinatesubcontractorresponsibilities,submittals,
documentation,training,etc

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TheComponentsofaGoodSpec
Text
DefineScopeandIntent
DefineFunctionality
Drawings(andasbuilts)
Theseareseparate,butimportant
Callouts
Providebackupdetailssothereisnoconfusion
PointsList
Detailedhardpoints,trendpoints,alarmpointsetc.
Minimizemisunderstandingsanddiscrepancies

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1/30/2014

SpecificationSections
Tier1
IPNetwork,Servers,Backups,UserInterfaces,Dashboards,
Kiosks,Apps,Databases,Firewalls,Security,WebInterfaces,
Integration,Validation,Analytics,Diagnostics,Trends,Data
StorageandAccess,

Tier2
Infrastructure,CommunicationProtocol(s),Routers,Hubs,
Switches,Gateways,Interfaces,Wiring,Repeaters,Panels,Local
UI,ProtocolAnalysis

Tier3
Devices,Controllers,Sensors,Actuators,Equipment,Sequences,
Commissioning,FunctionalTesting,Environmentals,Range,
Resolution,Accuracy,Codes,ULTesting,etc.

ASHRAEGUIDESPEC SCOPE
Thisguidelineprovidesguidanceforspecifyingthefollowingaspectsofa
buildingautomationsystem:
BASs HVACequipmentcontrol,monitoring,andmanagementfunctions
directdigitalcontrolhardwareperformanceandinstallation
Systemtraining
Systemarchitecture
Input/outputstructure
Communication
Programconfiguration
Systemtesting
Documentation
Integrationwithotherbuildingsystemssuchaslighting,fireandlifesafety,
security,andfactoryinstalledequipmentcontrols
Integrationwithotherenterpriselevelapplications,suchasfacility
management,preventivemaintenance,orenergymanagementsystems.

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1/30/2014

ProjectTeams

TheProjectTeam
Owner Setsdirection,vision,intention
ConsultingEngineer SystemDesign,Documentation
Architect Design,Look,Feel,Structure
ProjectManager Coordination,SolutionSourcing,
VendorCoordination
Consultants Domainexpertise,technology
implementationandproblemsolving,validation,
compliance,owneradvocate
Vendors Solutionproviders,components
SystemIntegrators Thegluetoconnect,User
Interfaces,Coordination,Commissioning

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1/30/2014

InterconnectionChallenge:
CommonDefinitionofData

Whodoeswhat?

IT/IPNetwork,UserInterface,
Dashboards,Servers,
CommandCenter

Tier1
ITandMasterIntegrator
Tier2

FieldInfrastructure

MasterIntegratorand
ControlsContractor

Gateways,Interfaces,Panels
Network,Repeaters,Routers,

Tier3

NetworkedControllers,
Equipment,Sensors,Actuators

EquipmentSuppliers/Installers

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ProjectIntegrationResponsibilities
EquipmentInstallationContractor
HiredbyMechanical/ElectricalContractor

Equipmentinstallation DDC equipment

Onlyseeshisscope
Limitedornointegration

SystemIntegrator/ControlsContractor
Performsandormanagesworkrelatedtosinglebuildingsystems BAS

Somesystemintegrationcapabilities

MasterSystemIntegrator

Managestheworkatthenetworklevelandhigher BMS/EMS/EEMS
ActsastheownerreptomanagetheSystemIntegratorswork
Longtermagreement
AppliestolargerMultiBuildingsystems,longertermprojects
Allowsforeasiermanagementofmultiplevendors

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1/30/2014

SpecifyingOpenSystems
The engineer specifies functionality,
not features.
Do not get caught up in bells and whistles;
specify a system that meets the requirements
and is in the best interest of the both the
building and the end-user today and into the
future.

TheCostofaProprietaryEnvironment

Singlesourceproductscanadd25%to50%
abovecompetitivemarketprice

Source:RobertBlakey,StrategicEquityAssociates

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1/30/2014

UnbundlingisKey!
UnbundletheHMI and
controlsystemsothatthey
areindependently
supportable
Unbundleaccessibilityto
theproducts
Unbundlethedistribution
ofapplicationknowledge
andsoftwaretools
CreateFacilityStandards
forimplementation

BAS/BMS/EMSComponentReview
DeviceLevelControllers
Devicelevelprogrammingtools
Devicelevelnetwork
Wiring

NetworkDevices
Networkmedia
Networktools
Routers,Repeaters,Switches,Hubs,Panels

FrontEnd

Graphicaltools
Graphicaldisplays
Servers,Firewalls,UPS
Software,Databases,UIs

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1/30/2014

WhatDoBuildingTechnologySystemsHaveIn
Common?
NetworkCabling
CablePathways
CommunicationsProtocolsor
Rules
SystemDatabases
SystemAdministrationand
ManagementWorkstations
Power
EquipmentRoomSpace
WebAccess
Labor

GroundingSystem

VoIP

UPS Systems

VideoDistributionSystem

AudioVisualSystems

AccessControlSystems
VideoSurveillanceSystem

WirelessSystems

HVACManagementControlSystems

ElectricPowerManagementControlSystems

ProgrammableLightingControlSystems

IntrusionDetectionsSystem

Fire AlarmSystems
FacilityManagementSystem

IntegrationofBusinessSystems

ElevatorSystemsControls

IntegrationofBusinessSystem

FacilityManagementSystem

ElectricPowerMan.ControlSys

LightingControlSystem

ElevatorSystemsControls

HVACMan. ControlSystem

FireAlarmSystems

WirelessSystems

Intrusion DetectionsSystem

AccessControlSystems

VideoDistributionSystem

AudioVisualSystems

UPSSystems

VoIP

GroundingSystem

DataNetwork

StructuredCable

StructuredCable

DataNetwork

Video SurveillanceSystem

SystemsIntegrationMatrix

Source:SmartBuildingsInstituteAllrightsreserved

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1/30/2014

GSAMetrics

Integratedvs.Traditional
56%lessinfirstcost
32%lessinannualcosts
82%lessinannualmaintenance
10%lessinutilitycosts
24%lessNPV(10yearsat9%)

ContinentalAutomatedBuildingAssociation,April2004

16%lessforcablingcosts
44%lessincablinglaborhours
39%lesscablingMACs(over5years)
Systimax,March2004

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1/30/2014

Returns
Foreverydollarinvestedin2003,approximately$4.50is
returned.Thisequatestoanadjustedinternalrateof
returnofapproximately20%peryear.
$0.16PSFannualenergysavings
$0.15PSFannualmaintenancesavings
$0.05PSFannualrepair&replacement
$0.39PSFannualoccupantproductivity
NationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology

CAPEXSavings
2540%inCABLING 2540%oflaborcost,1220%oftheoverallcostof
thecableinstallation.
>15%inCABLEPATHWAYS Potentialcostsavingsrangingfrom15%toas
highas60%.
30%inPROJECTMANAGEMENT Approximately30%oftheproject
managementforthesystemsiseliminatedbyconsolidatingthesystems
andcableinstallation.
EQUIPMENT Integrationofthesystemsresultsinlesshardware,less
spaceandreductionsinsoftwarelicenses.
TRAINING StandardbrowserandGUIinterfaces.Lesstrainingof
personnelonsystemmanagementtoolsandplatforms
SCHEDULECOMPRESSIONANDTIMETOCOMMISSION Integrated
systemstakelesstimetoinstall,lesstimetoconfigure.
POWER Potentialpowerandcoolingreduction

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OPEX

Millions

LIFECYCLECOSTSOFSYSTEMS
$45
$40
$35
$30
$25

Traditional Systems
IntegratedSystems

$20
$15
$10
$5
$0

15%inSERVICECONTRACTS
savewithopensystemsversus
proprietarysystems
20%inADDITIONS&
REMODELLING savings
relatedtostructuredcable
infrastructure.
15%PREVENTATIVE&
PREDICITIVE MAINTNENACE
SYSTEM Savingsofequipment
inextendinglifecycles.
30% Labor savings

YEAR

Source:CABA LifecycleReport

CAPEXCosts
CBTGIndependentStudy
CAPEX

Integrated

Traditional

BMS

262,229

641,168

Inverters

67,320

Lighting
Control

60,000

90,000

Life/Voice

182,437

282,744

CCTV

51,100

65,000

Access

43,284

75,000

Cabling

318,000

253,000

Network
S.I. PM

60,000

Total

1,066,370

8floors,13,500sq.m
24.2% integratedsavings
inCAPEX
4.5% savingsonwhole
buildingproject
30yearlifecyclecost=90
PSM traditionalvs.57
PSM integrated

1,406,912

Source:ConvergedBuildingTechnologiesGroup InBritishPounds

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OtherBenefits
Consolidatedequipmentsavesspace
Openstandardsmeansmoreflexibilitywithproduct
andvendors
Proactivemanagementmeanslessservicecallsand
workordersandhigherstaffproductivity
Integrationwithbusinesssystemsallowsforreal
timemetricsandforecasts
Decrease/eliminatetenantrecabling

EarlyOwnerInvolvementisKeyto
Success
Ownerinputregardingthe
userinterfacesiscritical
Soonertheygetinvolvedthe
better.
Manydisparategroups
Ifyoubringtheclientintoo
lateintheprocessyourisk
alienatingthem
Needtoclearlylayoutthe
revisionprocessatthestart.
Ownerunableorunwillingto
participate;givethemachoice
betweendifferentversionsof
GUI

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1/30/2014

SpecificationExamples

ASHRAESGPC13BASGuidespec
Includes:
3TierArchitecture EMS,BMS,BAS
DefinesFMSI,Controls,andEquipmentRequirements
DefinesITtoBMSIntegration
DefinesGUIRequirements
DefinesContractorQualifications,Deliverables,Submittals
ReducesConfusion,ChangeOrders,Noninteroperable
Solutions,SoleSourceBidding,ProprietarySolutions
DefinesLegacySystemIntegration,Upgrade,orReplaceCriteria
ProtocolNeutral

DraftPublicReviewDueinMarch2014
FinalJune2014(tentative)

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TheUSArmyCorpsSpecification
O ne or m ore servers running:
-LN S Server
-N etwork M anagem ent Tool
-Graphical User Interface (GU I)
-M onitoring and C ontrol Software
-W eb Server (optional)

One or m ore workstation running:

-GUI C lients
-N etw ork M anagem ent Tool C lients
-W eb C lients (optional)

Basewide A N SI 709.1B over IP N etwork (EIA-852) >=100M bps

B POC
Gateway

BPO C
R outer

non-A N SI 709.1
legacy system

UFGS-15951

RTR=Router
BPO C=Building Point O f Connection
RPTR=Repeater
Circle
= node (ANSI-709.1 device)

ANSI 709.1B over TP/FT-10 (IAW ANSI 709.3)

UFGS-13801

More devices.
N o more R TR s
or R PTR s

R TR /
R PTR

R TR

More devices
and/or
subnets

R TR
R TR

R TR

More devices.
N o more RTR s or
R PTRs
R TR

ApplicationsSuccess
EnsuringOpenness
Future Expansion
Based on SOAP, XML, and other
standards based based protocols.
i.LON 600
Building Router

Local Ethernet

GLOBAL
TCP/IP Network

Located at central office

LonMaker used as a remote
LNS client

i.LON 600

i.LON 600

i.LON 100
Building Web/XML Interface

Located at central office

Remote access to web pages
served from either IIS or the
local i.LON 100

Located in equipment room

LNS DB
LonMaker (running locally)
IIS with custom bridge to LNS

Local access to web

pages from any PC on
building network served
from either IIS or the
local i.LON 100

System Architecture

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1/30/2014

CityofSanJose

SuncorSystemOverview

54

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BestPractices
Developamasterplanbasedonthevision
CreateaScopeDocumentbasedonthe
objectives
Assembletheprojectteam
Createcorespecsforeachsystem
FollowtheOpenSystemModel
Ensurevendorcompliance
Validateprogram

ThankYou
RonBernstein
President,RBCG,LLC
ChiefAmbassador,LonMarkInternational
Director,SmartBuildingsInstitute
ron@rbcg.com
www.rbcg.com
www.smartbuildingsinstitute.org
www.lonmark.org
(858)7569923

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