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Settlement Analysis (Two Way Drainage)

The document provides equations and parameters for calculating settlement of embankments. Primary settlement of each soil layer (Si) is calculated using an equation that considers load increment (DP), initial effective stress (Po), soil layer depth (D), compression index (Cc), and initial void ratio (eo). Total primary settlement (S) is the sum of the settlements of each layer. Secondary settlement (De) is calculated using a coefficient (a) that represents the rate of secondary compression from laboratory tests, and the natural log of the ratio between the total elapsed time (t2) and time for 90% consolidation (t1). Total settlement (St) is the sum of primary and secondary settlements. The rate of consolidation settlement (t

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Tanmoy Das
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417 views5 pages

Settlement Analysis (Two Way Drainage)

The document provides equations and parameters for calculating settlement of embankments. Primary settlement of each soil layer (Si) is calculated using an equation that considers load increment (DP), initial effective stress (Po), soil layer depth (D), compression index (Cc), and initial void ratio (eo). Total primary settlement (S) is the sum of the settlements of each layer. Secondary settlement (De) is calculated using a coefficient (a) that represents the rate of secondary compression from laboratory tests, and the natural log of the ratio between the total elapsed time (t2) and time for 90% consolidation (t1). Total settlement (St) is the sum of primary and secondary settlements. The rate of consolidation settlement (t

Uploaded by

Tanmoy Das
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Settlement calculation

Primary settlement
Consolidation settlement of ith layer(Si) is expressed by the equation:
Si

Cc x D x log10 ((Po+DP)/Po)
1+eo

Where,

DP PoD-

Load increaments = Influence value*g1*Embankment Heigh

Initial effective stress at mid depth of compressive zone


Layer*Design Density (Submerged weight

Cc-

Depth of soil layer


Compression index evaluated over the range Po and (Po +DP)

eo-

Initial void ratio

on:

e value*g1*Embankment Height

mid depth of compressive zone=Half the depth of the soil


gn Density (Submerged weight below GWL)

over the range Po and (Po +DP)

Annexure:7.1

Settlement analysis of High Embankment


(Double Drainage System)
Carriageway Width
B = 20.000
12.00
0.00
12.00

20.00
0.00

h1
Fill

0.00
OGL

OGL
Layers 1 to 10
(compressible)

h2

HARD STRATA

DRAWING NOT TO SCALE


1.Input data-1(General)
Location

Km

Road Width

20.000

Fill Height ( h1)

12.000

Fill Slope (V:H)

0.600

Slope of the berm

RL at the top of embankment

171+470
2.Input data-2 (Geotechnical findings and assumptions)
1.Incompressible strata (rock) at :

7.000 m, below original ground level.

2.Water table is considered to be at original ground level(for worst condition of settlement).

114.797

3.Thickness of compressible strata (h2)=

7.000 m

3-Input data-23Characterstics of fill soil)


MDD of fill soil

kn/m3

Optimum moisture content of fill soil

Design density(bulk density-1)

kn/m3

b
b

18.000

4. Input data-4(Charectaristics of original ground)


Original ground strata (compressible)

p=
First

Depth (h2)

3.500

###

Dry Density

kn/m3

9.000

###

Natural Moisture Content

Specific Gravity

2.740

###

2.226

###

Initial void ratio(eo)


Coefficient of consolidation(Cv)

a
a
R1

Compressibility index(Cc)

0.656

Nos

5.000

0.656
sz =

###

5 Soil charectaristics of original ground by layer :


Layer No

No

a
R3a

R2

R4
RR
RR
RR
RR
x
RR
RR
RR
RR
p [a(a1+a2+a3)+b(a1+a3)+x(a1-a3)]
R4
R4
pa
R4

M2/Day

Division of strata in layers (Total -10 Nos)

216.000

Second

9 R4

Layer depth(D)

0.700

0.700

0.700

0.700

0.700

0.700

0.700

0.700

0.700

10
0.700

Dry density(gd)

kn/m3

9.000

9.000

9.000

9.000

9.000

9.000

9.000

9.000

9.000

9.000

Initial void ratio (eo)

2.226

2.226

2.226

2.226

2.226

2.226

2.226

2.226

2.226

2.226

Saturated density(gsat)

kn/m3

15.394

15.394

15.394

15.394

15.394

15.394

15.394

15.394

15.394

15.394

Design density (Sub.weight below GWL)

kn/m3

5.394

5.394

5.394

5.394

5.394

5.394

5.394

5.394

5.394

5.394

Compressibility index(Cc)

0.656

0.656

0.656

0.656

0.656

0.656

0.656

0.656

0.656

0.656

6. Settlement calculation
6.1 Primary settlement
Consolidation settlement of ith layer(Si) is expressed by the equation:
Si

(IRC:75-1979 clause 4.3.5 )

Cc x D x log10 ((Po+DP)/Po)

1+eo
Total consolidation settlement (S)

SUM(Si)
(i=1 to n , n- total number of layers under consideration)

Where,

DP-

Load increaments

Po-

Initial effective stress at mid depth of compressive zone

DCc-

Depth of soil layer


Compression index evaluated over the range Po and (Po +DP)

eo-

Initial void ratio

Strata No.

Initial effective stress(Po)

kn/m2

1
1.888

5.663

9.439

13.215

16.990

20.766

24.541

28.317

32.092

35.868

Width of fill slope (a)

20.000

20.000

20.000

20.000

20.000

20.000

20.000

20.000

20.000

20.000

Half road wodth (b)

10.000

10.000

10.000

10.000

10.000

10.000

10.000

10.000

10.000

10.000

Depth from G L to midth of layer(z)

0.350

1.050

1.750

2.450

3.150

3.850

4.550

5.250

5.950

6.650

a-z ratio(a/z)

57.143

19.048

11.429

8.163

6.349

5.195

4.396

3.810

3.361

3.008

b-z ratio(b/z)

28.571

9.524

5.714

4.082

3.175

2.597

2.198

1.905

1.681

1.504

Influence value (from fig 4.2, IRC 75)

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

0.976

0.966

0.954

0.938

0.922

Load increament(DP)

kn/m2

216.000

216.000

216.000

216.000

216.000

210.816

208.656

206.064

202.608

199.152

Primary settlement (Si)

0.294

0.227

0.196

0.176

0.162

0.149

0.139

0.131

0.123

0.116

Primary consolidation settlement

Sum(Si)=

1.713 m

10

Kn/m2

Annexure:7.1

Annexure:7.1

6.2 Secondary settlement(De):


De

a x Log10 (t2/t1)

Where,

t2-

Total elapsed time since the load was applied to soil

t1-

The period required for hydrodinamic( primary consolidation)


nearly to be completed.This time may be taken as the time
corresponding to 90% consolidation

a-

a coefficient which represents rate of secondary compression obtained from laboratory test ( time -settlement curve)

Taking elapsed time (t2)

Approximate total settlement (St)

Time taken for 95% settlement(t1=t90)

#DIV/0!

days

(This value is obtained from the rate of settlement,below)

Time taken for 99.9% settlement(t99.9)

#DIV/0!

days

(This value is obtained from the rate of settlement,below)

Coefficient for secondary settlement(a)

0.049x St
Log(t99.9/t95)

Total secondary settlement( De)

a x Log10 (t2/t1) =

3.3.Total settlement ( St)

Primary settlement + Secondary settlement =

T x H2

T-

Time factor corresponding to the degree of consolidation

H-

Length of effective drainage path


(for one waydrainage H=DT ,and for two way drainage H=DT /2)

20.000 years, and assuming :


0.050 m

(This value is obtained by iteration)

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!

m
#DIV/0!

4.Rate of consolidation settlement (t)


t

Cv
Where

DT -

Depth of compressible strata

Cv-

Coefficient of consolidation (average)for a range of full depth

Considering two way drainage , time taken for different degree of consolidation is tabulated below.
Degree of consolidation:

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

95.00

99.90

Settlement(ST):

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!

Length of effective drainage path(H):

3.500

3.500

3.500

3.500

3.500

3.500

3.500

3.500

3.500

3.500

3.500

Time factor T,(from table 4.2, IRC 75)

0.007

0.032

0.071

0.126

0.197

0.287

0.404

0.570

0.851

1.297

7.000

Coeficient of consiliodation ,(Cv)average


Time reqired for consolidation(t):

Days

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!

1
0.033
#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!


#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

M2/Day

6. Time settlement relationship

Settelment in cm

Time (days)
Time (Months)
Settlement(cm)

Time - Settlement Curve


0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1

Time in Days

10

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