Design of Slab

Here the aspect ratio Ly/Lx is less than 2 hence the slab is designed as a two way slab.

TwoAdjacentEdgesDisContinuous:
Basic dimensions of slab

Basic Ly/Lx ratio

Clear cover to reinforcement

Provided overall depth
Effective depth
Diameter of bar
Select Grade of Concrete
Select Grade of Steel

Lx
Ly
2.82
4.42
1.567 <2
Hence designed as two way slab
15 mm
125.00 mm
106.00 mm
8 mm
20
20 N/mm
500 500 N/mm

d'
D
d

fck
fy

=
=
=
=
=
=

Dead load of the slab

Floor finish(Roof finish)
Live load

DL
FF
LL

=
=
=

3.125 kN/m
1.2 kN/m
2 kN/m

Total load

TL

6.325 kN/m

Load calculation :

Moment and Area of Steel calculations:

Span
shorter
longer

Moment
Coefficient
x neg
0.081
x pos
0.060

Mu
kN.m
6.08

Mu/bd
Pt
Ast reqd Min Ast Dia of bar Spacing Ast pro
N/mm2
%
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
0.54 0.13% 136.32 127.2
8
125
402.12

4.56

0.41

0.10%

101.37

127.2

125

402.12

safe

y neg

0.045

3.42

0.30

0.07%

75.52

127.2

125

402.12

safe

y pos

0.034

2.57

0.23

0.05%

56.38

127.2

125

402.12

safe

safe

Check for Deflection

The effective depth provided
From figure 3 of I.S 456:1978 modification factor is
Modification factor
Required depth under deflection consideration

=
=
=

106.000 mm
1.42
TM
62.28 mm
HENCE SAFE

Simply suppurted

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F:\USER\RAM\3990\SLAB DESIGN.xls

RR/ST

9/26/2014

DESIGN OF STAIR CASE

1

2
2.1

2.2

MATERIAL PROPERTIES

VALUE

fy

500.00

fck
cover

20.00
20.00

diameter of main bars

10.00

diameter of distribution bars

10.00

mm
2
mm
2
mm

Tread
Rise
Thickness of waist slab
width of slab
width of landing
thickness of landing slab
span of landing A
span of FISRT flight
span of landing B
Total Span

279.000
0.178
0.100
1.040
1.040
0.100
0.000
1.120
1.040
2.160

m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m

LOAD CALCULATION
LOAD ON WAIST SLAB
area of slab
area of step
Total area
DLper m
DL
FF
LL
total load per m square
Factored load
load per meter

27.90
24.80
52.70
1317.58
4.72
0.90
3.00
8.62
12.93
13.45

m2
m2
m2
KN/m
KN/m2
KN/m2
KN/m2
KN/m2
KN/m2
KN/m

Self weight of slab

2.50

KN/m2

FF

1.20

KN/m2

LL

3.00

KN/m2

load per meter square

6.70

KN/m2

Factored load
load per meter

10.05
10.45

KN/m2

N/mm2

LANDING A

FIRST
FLIGHT

LANDING B

LOAD ON LANDING

KN/m

CALCULATION OF MOMENTS
reaction at B
Total load
reaction at A

12.16
25.94
13.78

point of zero shear force

assuming it lies at the flight 1.02
assuming it lies at thelanding 1.32
point of zero shear force
1.02
max moment at the span
7.05
design moment
7.05
4

UNITS
2
N/mm

DEPTH
effective depth from moment
0.05
consideration

m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
KNm
KNm

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overall depth provided
effective depth

0.100
0.08

m
m

CALCULATION OF MAIN STEEL

A
10.46
B
-34800.00
C
7054683.63
Ast
diameter of steel
area of each steel
spacing required
spacing provided

216.85
10.00
78.54
376.67
150.000

actual steel

544.54

mm2
mm
mm
mm
2
mm

Ast
diameter of steel
area of each steel
spacing required
spacing provided

125
10
79
654
200

actual steel

408

mm2
mm
mm
mm
2
mm

CHECK FOR SHEAR

Vu

13.78

Tv
Pt

0.17
0.65

Tc
check

0.54
safe in shear

kN
N/mm2
%
2
N/mm

CHECK FOR DEVELOPMENT LENGTH

Ld in terms of
48.55
M1(at A)
V(at A)
Lo(ancorage required (A))
Ld
<
Result

CALCULATION OF DISTRIBUTION STEEL

7.05
13.78
80.00
592.09
12.20
Safe

kNm
kN
mm
mm
mm

DEFLECTION CHECK
Length (L) (m)
Breadth (b) (mm)
Depth (D) (mm)
d (mm)

2.160
1040
100
80.00

fck (N/mm2)

20

fy (N/mm2)
Moment (M) KNm

500.00
7.055

Mu/bd2

1.060
2

216.851

Ast(prov) mm2
a
b
g
d
l
abgdl
Reqd (d)
L/d
Check

544.543
23
1
2.000
1
1
46.000
46.957
27.000
ok

Ast(reqd) mm

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Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Basic data
3. 3d model of the building
4. Relevant code followed
5. Basic principle of analysis of the structure step for earthquake load
6. Basic principle of design of foundation
7. Software used for analysis and design
8. Concrete and steel grade

9. Preliminary Design for proportioning of the Structural Elements

10. Loads on Structures
11. Design Methods of Structural Elements
12. Limit State Method
13. Detailing of the Structural Elements:
14. Output details
15. Building time period and modes
16. Conclusion
Lists of appendices
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
q.
r.

3d modals
Grid plan
Grid plan first floor
Grid floor roof floor
Typical elevation
Typical Bending moment diagram
Typical Axial force diagram
Typical Shear force diagram
Typical deflected shape
Joint reaction
Design of Slab
Design of column
Design of beam
Footing design
Design of staircase
Tie beam reinforcement Plan
Column reinforcement detail
1st,2nd,3rd and roof beam reinforcement plan

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1. Introduction
This report deals with the methodology of the Structural Analysis and Design of
residential building.
2. Basic Data
a. Density of Concrete
b. Live Load

c. Floor Finishing
d. Density of Brick masonry
e. Soil Safe Bearing Capacity

= 25 kN/m3
= 2 to 4 kN/m2 for Floors
= 1.5 kN/m2 for accessible Roof
= 0.75 kN/m2 for not accessible Roof
= 1 kN/m2
= 16 kN/m3
= 150 kN/m2 (at the depth of 1.5m)

3. 3d model of building
Refer appendix 1
4. Relevant Code followed
a. IS 456-2000 : For Design of Structural Elements
b. SP 16 : For Design Aid
c. SP 34 : For Detailing
d. IS 1893-2002: Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures
e. IS 13920:2002: ductile detailing of reinforced concrete structures subjected to
seismic forces code of practice.
f. IS 2911 (part III)-1980 with amendment on 1987 for design of under rimmed
pile,
5. Basic Principal of Analysis of the structure Step for earthquake load
a. Earthquake load with seismic coefficient method (IS 1893-2002)
6. Basic Principal of Design of Foundation
Isolated footing to support the service loads.
7. Software used for Analysis and Design
a. ETABS V9.1.4 for analysis and design of superstructures
b. Custom Software excel sheets.
8. Concrete and Steel Grade
Concrete Grade
=
M20 for all Columns
M 20 for foundations, Slabs, Stairs and beams
Steel Grade
=
Fe 500

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9. Preliminary Design for proportioning of the Structural Elements

The tentative sizes of the Structural elements are determined through preliminary
design so that after analysis, the presumed dimensions may not deviate
considerably, thus making the final design both safe and economical. The tentative
sizes have been determined as follows:
Slab: From Deflection Criteria [Effective Depth = Effective Shorter Span / (26 * MF)]
Beam: For Practical rule as 25mm Depth for 300mm of Span covering deflection
Criteria
Column: From evaluation of approximate gravity loading coming up to the critical
Column.
To compensate for the possible eccentric Loading and earthquake loads the
size is increased by about 25 % in design.
10. Loads on Structures
The following Loads were assumed to occur in Structural System.
a. Dead Load
Dead Load on the structure comprise the self-weight of the member; weight of the
finishes and partition walls. These are usually dependent upon the constructional
features and have to be assumed in order to design various structural concrete
members. The Wall Load is taken for thickness of either 230 mm or 104 mm as per
Architectural Drawing and suitable reduction is made for Window and Door
Opening.
As the software, we have used, generates the self weight of the Structural member
by itself, we have not calculated the self weight.
b. Live Load
Live loads are as per IS 875: 1987 (reaffirmed 1997)
c. Seismic Load
For Earthquake Load, 100% of Dead Load and i) 25% of Live Load for load < 3 kN/m2
TMto IS
and ii) 50% of Live load for load > 3 kN/m2are taken into account (according
1893).
Seismic Coefficient method using Indian Code: IS 1893-2002 is applied for
Earthquake Analysis of the Structure and the Parameters taken are:

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Importance Factor, I
Zone factor, Z

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= 1.0 (Residential building,)

= 0.36 (Zone V)

Soil Foundation Factor, B = 1

Soil Type
= II
Performance Factor, K
= 1.0

11. Design Methods of Structural Elements

We have followed Indian Standard Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced
Concrete,
IS: 456-2000 for design of Structural Elements.
Limit State Method based on safety and serviceability requirements associated with
the design loads and design strengths of the materials. These design loads and
design strengths are obtained by applying partial safety factors for characteristic
loads and strengths of the materials concrete and steel.
We have followed the limit state method which is incorporated in IS: 456-2000. It is
consistent with the new philosophy of design termed limit state approach which was
incorporated in the Russian Code 1954, the British code BS 8110 1985 and the
American Code ACI 318 1989.
12. Limit State Method

Limit States
The Limit State method of design covers the various forms of failure. There
are several limit states at which the structure ceases to function, the most
important among them being,

a. The limit state of collapse or total failure of structure.

It corresponds to the maximum load carrying capacity. Violation of collapse
implies failure. This limit state corresponds to Flexure, Compression, Shear
and Torsion.
b. The limit state of serviceability which includes excessive deflection and
excessive local damage. Excessive deflection adversely affects the finishes and
excessive local damage results in cracking of concrete, which impairs the
efficiency, or appearance of the structure.
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Load Combinations in Limit State Method

Various Load Combinations are done for critical conditions.

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Load Combination
1. Dead Load + Live Load
2. Dead Load + Live Load +E/Q Static Load
3. Dead Load + Live Load + E/Q Static Load
4. Dead Load + Live Load + E/Q Static Load
5. Dead Load + Live Load + E/Q Static Load
6. Dead Load + E/Q Static Load
7. Dead Load + E/Q Static Load
8. Dead Load + E/Q Static Load
9. Dead Load + E/Q Static Load
10. Dead Load +E/Q Static Load
respectively
11. Dead Load +E/Q Static Load
respectively
12. Dead Load +E/Q Static Load
respectively
13. Dead Load +E/Q Static Load
respectively

Load Factor

+ X direction
- X direction
+ Y direction
- Y direction
+ X direction
- X direction
+ Y direction
- Y direction
+ X direction

1.5
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
0.9 & 1.5

- X direction

0.9 & 1.5

+ Y direction

0.9 & 1.5

- Y direction

0.9 & 1.5

Analysis and Design of the Structural Elements:

The Structure is analyzed and designed by standard software ETABS and SAFE. It is
the Worlds most popular and widely used structural Engineering Software. It is
equipped with the powerful analysis, design, graphics, and visualization
capabilities.
13. Detailing of the Structural Elements:
The Reinforcement detailing of most of the important structural components have
been shown in drawing. They confirm with the relevant sections of the IS Codes IS
456-2000, IS 1893-2002, 13920:2002, IS 4623 SP-16, and SP 34 1987.

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14. Output details

Seismic Coefficient Method
Load
case

Dir. Damping
Coeff.
(%)

EQX

EQY

Period

Program
calc.
Program
calc.

Zone
factor
(Z)

Soil
Type

Importance
factor,(I)

Seismic
weight
(kN)

Base
Shear
(kN)

Bases
shear
Coeff.
used

0.36

II

1.0

3622

393

0.109

0.36

II

1.0

3622

361

0.1

Base Shear Calculation

Reduction factor, R=5
Importance factor, I=1
Zone factor, Z=0.36, V zone
Height of building, H =12m
Building time period, T = 0.075H^0.75 = 0.075*12^0.75 = 0.484 Sec
Referring, IS1893:2002 figure 2
For T=0.484Sec, Spectral acceleration factor, Sa/g = 2.5
Horizontal seismic Coefficient or Base Shear Coefficient,
Z I Sa 0.36 1
Ah = x x
=
x x 2.5 = 0.095 , which is complying with the value generated
2 R g
2
5
by the software.

Drift Check
Floor

Storey drift (mm)

Drift Limit(mm),0.004*h

Third Floor

9.23
10.82
9.29

12.09
12.09
12.09

Second Floor
First Floor

Note: Where h = Height of building

15. BUILDING TIME PERIOD and MODES

TM
Spec
EXX
EXX
EXX
EXX

Mode
1
2
3
4

Period
0.865703
0.796535
0.669379
0.28935

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16. Conclusion
The Load was calculated based on the actual data & IS456, IS875, IS1893 and
modeled, analyzed and Designed in STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS SOFTWARE
ETABS.

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ANNEX
Lists of appendices
a. Design of column
b. Design of beam
c. 3d modals
d. Grid plan
e. Grid plan first floor
f. Grid floor roof floor
g. Typical elevation
h. Typical Bending moment diagram
i. Typical Axial force diagram
j. Typical Shear force diagram
k. Typical deflected shape
l. Joint reaction
m. Design of Slab
n. Footing design
o. Design of staircase
p. Tie beam reinforcement Plan
q. Typical Column reinforcement detail
r. Typical beam reinforcement plan

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Column Design
Typical design of column type 1

Typical design of column type 2

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Beam Design
Typical design of Beam type 1

Typical design of Beam type 2,

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3-D View - N-mm Units

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Plan View - BASE - Elevation 0 - N-mm Units

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Plan View - STORY1 - Elevation 3022.6 - N-mm Units

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ETABS v9.1.4 - File: MOD 2 - October 13,2014 8:28
Elevation View - 4 Longitudinal Reinforcing (Indian IS 456-2000) - N-mm Units

ISOLATED FOOTING DESIGN_GANESH

DESIGN OF BI-AXIAL ISOLATED RCC FOOTING (IS 456, 2000)_@ COLUMNS EXCEPT CENTRAL FOUR
Building Name
Footing Number:
Node number
COLUMN
Length (l, dim. || Z axis ) =
Breadth (b, dim. || X axis) =
Height of pedestal =
Weight of pedestal/column =
FOOTING
Foot length (L, dim. || Z axis) =
Foot Breadth (B, dim. || X axis) =
Thickness of footing (t) =
Clear cover to Reinforcement =
Main bar dia of footing =
Effective depth of footing =
Selfweight of the footing =
Area of Footing(A) =
Sect mod of foot about Z axis (Zz) =
Sec mod of foot about X axis (Zx) =
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
Grade of concrete fck =

300
300
0.3
0.68

mm
mm
m
KN

1.5
1.5
400
75
12
319
22.50
2.25
0.56
0.56

m
m
mm
mm
mm
mm
KN
m2
m3
m3

global
X

global
Z

global
Z
global
X
Length 1.5 m

Footing Dimensions

2
20 N/mm
2
500 N/mm

Grade of steel fy =

CHECK FOR GROSS BEARING PRESSURE

2
Safe NET bearing pressure =
150 KN/m
2
Safe gross bearing pr. =
179.45 KN/m
Unfactored load case number =
003
Axial load from output (P1) =
217.00 KN
Moment about Z axis (Mz) =
10.00 KN-m
Moment about X axis (Mx) =
6.00 KN-m
Depth of top of foot. from ground =
1.15 m
3
Unit wt of soil =
19 KN/m
Weight of soil retained above foot =
47.20 KN
P = (P1+soil+pedestal+foot selfwt) =
287.37 KN
2
Maximum bearing pressure =
156.16 KN/m
2
Minimum bearing pressure =
99.28 KN/m
Hence footing is safe against max bearing pressure.
2
Recalculated max bearing press. =
170.76 KN/m
2
Minimum bearing pressure =
0 KN/m
DESIGN FORCES
Factored load comb. no.
Axial load:(Pu) =

Breadth 1.5 m

(net pr. + depth of foot * soil unit wt)

My
Mx
P

A
Zy
Zx
Max bearing pressure is safe

003
325.50 KN

Moment about Z axis (Muz) =

15.00 KN-m

Moment about X axis (Mux) =

9.00 KN-m

Maximum effective soil pressure pe max

( Pu/Area+ Muz/Zz + Mux/Zx) =
Minimum effective soil pressure pe min

187.33 KN/m2

( Pu/Area - Muz/Zz - Mux/Zx) =

102.00 KN/m2

Maximum effective soil pressure pe max

Minimum effective soil pressure pe min

2
75.15 KN/m
2
0 KN/m

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ISOLATED FOOTING_2.xls

ISOLATED FOOTING DESIGN_GANESH

CALCULATION FOR BOTTOM STEEL

2
Mu about X1 X1 = ( pe max x length /2)=

33.72 KN-m per meter

Mulimit =
270.74 KN-m per meter
The section is singly reinforced

0.5 f ck
4 .6 M u
Ast =
1 1
bd
f y
f ck bd 2
2

Hence, Ast =
247.94 mm
2
Min Ast =
382.80 mm
(0.12 % for slab, cl 26.5.2.1)
Spacing =
295.45 mm
(considering max of above two calculated values of Ast)
pt provided =
0.12 %
Hence provide 12 mm dia bar @ 295 mm c/c parellel to length of footing ( || to Z) at bottom
2

Mu about N1 N1 = ( pe max x length /2)=

33.72 KN-m per meter
2
Calc. Ast =
247.94 mm
The section is singly reinforced
2
Min Ast =
382.80 mm
(0.12 % for slab, cl 26.5.2.1)
Spacing =
295.45 mm
(considering max of above two calculated values of Ast)
pt provided =
0.12 %
Hence provide 12 mm dia bar @ 295 mm c/c parellel to breadth of footing ( || to X) at bottom
Arrangement of bottom reinforcement as per above design is shown below
12 mm dia bar @ 295 mm c/c

12 mm dia bar @ 295 mm c/c

Footing Length 1500 mm

Breadth 1500 mm

Sec 1-1
619

300
619

L1

X1

Z
N1

N1
a

L2

L2

281

X1

L1
300
Footing Length 1500 mm
PLAN

Breadth 1500 mm
281

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ISOLATED FOOTING_2.xls

ISOLATED FOOTING DESIGN_GANESH

CHECK FOR ONE WAY SHEAR :

One way shear at critical section L1- L1
Distance of critical sec. from edge of footing =
0.281 m
Shear force Vs =pe max x 0.281 x 1m width of footing =
2
Shear stress tv = Vs/bd =
0.165 N/mm
2
tc =
0.26 N/mm

52.64 KN

tv < tc hence O.K.

One way shear at critical section L2- L2
Distance of critical sec. from edge of footing =
0.281 m
Shear force Vs =pe max x 0.281 x 1m width of footing =
2
Shear stress tv = Vs/bd =
0.165 N/mm
2
N/mm
tc =
0.26

52.64 KN

tv < tc hence O.K.

CHECK FOR TWO WAY SHEAR
Ref. cl 34.2.4 and cl.31.6.3 of IS 456 : 2000
Allowable shear stress tv allowable = kstc
ks = ( 0.5 + bc) =
Hence, ks=
tc = 0.25 (fck)0.5 =
tv allowable = ks x c =

1.5 >1
1
2
1.11803 N/mm
2
N/mm
1.11803

Shear force Vs = 187.333 ( 1.5 x 1.5 - 0.619 x 0.619) =

Length of critical section = 2 x ( 619 + 619) =
Area of the critical section (length of critical sec x eff. d ) =
2
Hence shear stress v =
0.443 N/mm

349.72 KN
2476 mm
2
789844 mm

tv < allowable hence O.K.

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ISOLATED FOOTING_2.xls

Story
BASE
BASE
BASE
BASE
BASE
BASE
BASE
BASE
BASE
BASE
BASE
BASE
BASE
BASE
BASE
BASE
BASE

Point
1
2
3
4
7
8
10
12
13
16
24
25
26
27
28
29
37

Load
DCON2
DCON2
DCON2
DCON2
DCON2
DCON2
DCON2
DCON2
DCON2
DCON2
DCON2
DCON2
DCON2
DCON2
DCON2
DCON2
DCON2

FX

FY
7.66
5.28
3.88
2.76
11.07
3.09
-5.49
-6.75
-3.41
-3.47
5.26
3.94
2
-9.9
-12.29
-4.13
0.48
11.07

FZ
-1.49
-4.47
-1.43
-5.08
0.99
7.23
3.27
4.88
1.47
3.82
6.79
-3.25
-5.72
-4.46
-3.53
-6.57
7.54
7.54

MX
314.75
218.66
611.37
412.1
217.88
576.63
466
638.26
205.9
315.76
308.14
822.5
495.18
647.74
270.4
210.49
205.24
822.5

MY
1.903
4.804
1.556
5.128
-0.715
-6.97
-3.059
-4.72
-1.396
-3.673
-6.488
3.285
5.703
4.42
3.505
6.433
-6.93
6.433

7.312
4.915
3.671
2.519
10.78
2.98
-5.32
-6.594
-3.303
-3.419
5.096
3.726
1.775
-9.746
-12.131
-4.163
0.432
10.78

MZ
0.033
0.031
0.017
0.017
0.036
0.017
0.026
0.017
0.03
0.03
0.018
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.02
0.031
0.03
0.036

TM

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