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WORLDS LARGEST- SELLING ELECTRONICS MAGAZINE
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Introducing the mobile that can move

you out of the world of the ordinary
and into the world of the serious CB'er.
The Cobra 138XLR Single Sideband.
Sidebanding puts
you in your own
private world. A
world where there's
less congestion.
More privacy.
More time to talk.
It's all possible because instead of 40
charnels you get your choice of 120
channe_s. Both AM and SSB. And
instead of 4 watts of legal power you
get 12 watts of legal power. So you get
almost double the range of AM.
With the 138XLR Single Sideband
there's less background noise and less
interference. So there's cleaner, clearer
reception. Because like all Cobras, the
138XLR SSB is engineered to punch
through loud and clear. Even in crowded
metropolitan areas.
And like all Cobras it comes equipped

with such standard features as an easy to -read LED channel indicator.
Switchable noise blanking and limiting.
An RF/signal strength meter. And
Cobra's exclusive DynaMike gain control.
You'll find the 138XLR SSB wherever
Cobras are sold. Which is almost everywhere. Because Cobra's got a nationwide
network of dealers and Authorized
Service Centers offering sales, installation,
service and advice. So come on in.
And move on up.
Punches through loud and clear.

Cobra Communications Products
DYNASCAN CORPORATION
6460 W Cortland St, Chicago, Illinois 60635
Write for color brochure
Plainview. V Y CANADA Atlas nectrorucs
EXPORTERS: Empire
CIRCLE
NO.
12
ON
FREE
INFORMATION
Toronto
CARD
1110
MOBILI!IY
1
r_.__.,..
cb1r-e&136xL.F
NB
C8
ANL
OFF
SQUELCH
PA
41jLYX
TONE
DIMMER
AM USB LS8 VOICE LOCK
RF GAIN
-
Li
Ungar's new "S,"

and "HP" steel,
New OSHA'
#750Three -Wir
Grounded HandlE
is easy to use,
lightweight and
biomechanically
designed to rema n
cool and
comfortable during
continuous use.
"
thread-together
heaters taper -=it
firmly into the
handle and are
available in several
wattages and types.
1. For thread -on
Standard Line tips.
2. Integral heater/ tips.
The new load -
Unique,
spring- loaded iaat
reflecting grouivc
plate eliminates
electrostatic tip
potential.
Heat resistant,
three -wire, flexibie
cord and NEMA
plug assure long
life, easy handling
and a positive
round from tip to
modulated "HP"
High Performance
Series Heaters
respond
au-omatically to
temperature
changes and
provide the capacity
of much larger irons.
WHEN YOU'RE NOT IN A RUSH

TO CATCH UP YOU'VE GOT THE TIME
TO BUILD THINGS RIGHT
When Pioneer first introduced the 160
watt` SX 1250 last year, it prompted our
competitors to hastily introduce a bevy of
high powered receivers.
Unlike the others, however, the SX 1250
wasn't a rush job. And the time and care that
went into it can both be seen and heart.
Inside the SX 1250, for example, you'll
find that we took the
time to shield every
critical section. So
spurious signals from
one section can't leak
into another. And dirt
and dust can't get in
to affect perforAn extraordinary power
supply, for an extraordinary
mance. So the SX 1250
amount of power.
not only produces
crisp, interference -free sound when it's iew but
still sounds great as it grows old.
In our power supply, instead of finding a
conventional transformer, you'll find a heavier,
more advanced toroidal -core transformer. It's
less susceptible to voltage variations. And less

likely to leak noise. Which means you get a
cleaner, clearer sound.
And where most high powered receivers
come with a three, or
four gang variable
capacitor for FM
tuning, the SX 1250
features a five gang
zinc plated
variable capacitor
that cleans up FM
A five gang variable capacitor
eception much
for FM reception that never varies.
better. And helps to
pull in stations that some three or four gang
capacitors can't even touch.
Obviously, these are only a few of the
refinements that went into the SX 1250. But
given just these few things, it should come as no
surprise that the SX 1250 even weighs more
:han most of our competitors' high powered
offerings.
So before you run out and buy just any
high powered receiver, consider all the time and
engineering that went into the SX 1250. And
High Fideli ty Components
weigh yourdecision
PIONEi
carefully.y.
1977
U.S.-
WE BRING IT BACK ALIVE.
Pioneer Electronics, 85 Oxford Drive, Moonachie, New Jersey 07074
160 watts per channel minimum RMS continuous power output at 8 ohms, from 20 to 20,000 Hz,
with no more than 0.1% total harmonic distortion.
CIRCLE
www.americanradiohistory.com
NO.
58
ON
FREE
INFORMATION
CARD
AUGUST 1977 VOLUME 12, NUMBER 2
Popular Electronics'@
WORLD'S LARGEST- SELLING ELECTRONICS MAGAZINE
FEATURE ARTICLES
IS THERE A DIGITAL FM TUNER?
CHOOSING PORTABLE AND MOBILE TAPE RECORDERS
Julian D. Hirsch
James R. Horstman
28
43
Leo Sands
46
Robert P. Baln
Leslie Solomon
58
James Barbarello
39
Jeffrey Sandler
Don Lancaster
48
49
Charles Stanford
William T. Peters
R. S. Hedin
56
57
59
Ralph Hodges
14
Lou Garner
71
Tape enthusiasts need not be tied to a wall socket.
NEW BAND FOR "KIDDIE- TALKIES"

100 -mW portable two -way radios are moving out
of the CB band.
TTL LOGIC QUIZ

HOW TO HANDLE MOS DEVICES WITHOUT DESTROYING THEM
67
CONSTRUCTION ARTICLES
BUILD "CABONGA" PART
An electronic percussion synthesizer.
SHUT -OFF TIMER FOR BATTERY- POWERED APPLIANCES

BUILD THE TVT-6 PART II
System debugging, software, and how to interface to other processors.
MORE ON USING CALCULATORS AS STOPCLOCKS

HOW TO CONVERT A "FOUR BANGER" FOR STOPWATCH FUNCTIONS
THE HP-25 AS A DIGITAL CLOCK & TIMER
BUILD A DIGITAL CAMERA SHUTTER TIMER
Provides accurate check of shutter speeds from 1/1000 to
second.
COLUMNS
STEREO SCENE
Tape Topics.
SOLID STATE
A Circuit Medley.
John McVeigh 77
Forrest M. Mims 82
HOBBY SCENE Q & A

EXPERIMENTER'S CORNER
The Four -Layer Diode.
CB SCENE
Ray Newhall
90
Leslie Solomon
88
CB Development News and Views.
COMPUTER BITS
Remote Control.
JULIAN HIRSCH AUDIO REPORTS

HEATH MODEL AR -1515 AM /STEREO FM RECEIVER
THORENS MODEL TD-126C RECORD PLAYER
ORTOFON MODEL MC20 PHONO CARTRIDGE AND MODEL MCA -76 PREAMPLIFIER
29
32
34
ELECTRONIC PRODUCT TEST REPORTS

PRESIDENT "WASHINGTON" AM /SSB CB BASE STATION
FLUKE MODEL 8020A DIGITAL MULTIMETER
84
85
DEPARTMENTS
EDITORIAL
Art Salsberg
Elitism Finely Drawn.
LETTERS
NEW PRODUCTS
NEW LITERATURE
POPULAR ELECTRONICS, August 1977, Volume 12, Number 2, Published

monthly at One Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016. One year subscription rate
for U.S. and Possessions, $12.00; Canada, $15.00; all other countries, $17.00
(cash orders only, payable in U.S. currency). Second Class postage paid at
New York, NY and at additional mailing offices. Authorized as second class
mail by the Post Office Department, Ottawa, Canada, and for payment of postage in cash.
POPULAR ELECTRONICS including ELECTRONICS WORLD, Trade Mark
Registered. Indexed in the Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature.
1977 BY ZIFF -DAVIS PUBLISHING COMPANY. ALL
COPYRIGHT
RIGHTS RESERVED.
Ziff -Davis also publishes Boating, Car and Driver, Cycle, Flying, Modern
Bride, Popular Photography, Skiing and Stereo Review.
AUGUST 1977
6
8
12
Material in this publication may not be reproduced in any form without permission. Requests for permission should be directed to Jerry Schneider, Rights
and Permissions, Ziff -Davis Publishing Co., One Park Ave., New York, NY
10016.
Editorial correspondence: POPULAR ELECTRONICS, 1 Park Ave., New

York, NY 10016. Editorial contributions must be accompanied by retum postage and will be handled with reasonable care; however, publisher assumes no
responsibility for return or safety of manuscripts, art work, or models.
Forms 3579 and all subscription correspondence: POPULAR ELECTRONICS, Circulation Dept., P.O. Box 2774, Boulder, CO 80302. Please allow
at least eight weeks for change of address. Include your old address, enclosing, if possible, an address label from a recent issue.
3
Popular Electronics
JOSEPH E. MESICS
Publisher
Editorial
ARTHUR P. SALSBERG
Editorial Director
LESLIE SOLOMON
Technical Editor
JOHN R. RIGGS
Managing Editor
IVAN BERGER
Senior Editor
ELITISM FINELY DRAWN
ALEXANDER W. BURAWA
Features Editor
EDWARD I. BUXBAUM
Art Director
JOHN McVEIGH
Associate Editor
ANDRE DUZANT
Technical Illustrator
PATRICIA GIRRIER.BROWN
Production Editor
DORIS A. MATTHEWS
Editorial Assistant
Contributing Editors
Hal Chamberlin, Lou Garner, Glenn Hauser
Julian Hirsch, Ralph Hodges, Forrest Mims
Ray Newhall, Wilfred Scherer
JOSEPH E. HALLORAN
Advertising Director
The results of the mythical quiz on electronics sent to our 400,000 or so primary
readers as a prelude to accepting their subscriptions nave finally been tallied (by
computer, of course).
The first part of the test was simple enough. It concerned dc theory; I =E /R and
all that. Only 5% failed, leaving us with 380,000 potential readers. The second test
covered ac theory, which included vector algebra and some trigonometric
functions. (We graciously supplied formulas.) An imp-essive- enough number
handled polar coordinates, the j factor and the Pythagorean theorem to earn our
respect. We only lost 15% of the remaining subscribers on this one, leaving us
323,000 electronics buffs.
In the third section, cricuit analysis techniques, we decided to forgive those who
missed solving multiple- source networks with the superposition theorem. After all,
this could be picked up quite easily. Employing this tactic, 258,400 determined
people were left. (Females did better on this one, though they account for only
0.1% of the testees.)
must be candid and say that I did not fully agree with the questions posed in the
fourth part. They covered too much ground, believe, ranging from transistor
theory to operational amplifier operation with feedback, inverting, etc., as well as
radic and TV circuits. After all, how many of us can draw a synchroguide circuit
from memory? So we marked everyone right on this one problem. Nevertheless, a
hefty 30% dropped by the wayside, with 180,880 left.
The fifth part really separated the men from the boys. It concerned digital
electronics. Most did rather well on gates and such, but when it came to
Karnaugh -Veitch maps.
Would you believe only about 18,000 made it? It was
the n variables that did it!
The final test was composed of a potpourri of special interests, designed to
check the broad base of electronics knowledge that cur potential readers had. It
included an analysis of SQ and QS matrix systems, designing a proportional
control system for radio-control purposes, interpreting a host of logic timing scope
traces, Brillouin scattering (everyone should know something about quantum
electronics, right ?), and an essay on how the Intel 80.30 MPU works, among
others.
To our surprise, only one person came through with flying colors- Marcia
Swampfelder. This single subscription was processed.
After publishing our next issue for one subscriber, we instituted a PE reader
attitude study (to keep a finger on the pulse, so to speak). The only subscriber left
responded: "I'm too qualified to fully enjoy it."
The moral of this parable is clear. Elitism can be carried too far. That's why
POPULAR ELECTRONICS touches all bases in electron cs -high level and lower
level, from audio to microcomputers, from news to new- development details,
tutorials and construction projects. Through PE, there's always the joy and
stimulation of being exposed to some facet of electronics that is new to a reader.
The excitement is in unfamiliarity, whether it's a PE "breakthrough" project, a
refreshingly different description of a device to give one new insight, or an
explanation of how a particular circuit works. Happily. too, age is not a disqualifier,
as attested by two sixth -grade girls who recently won the Crest Hill Science Fair in
Wyoming with a Kirlian photography project. They said, "What we learned came
mostly from POPULAR ELECTRONICS magazine."
I
JOHN J. CORTON
Advertising Sales
LINDA BLUM
Advertising Service Manager
PEGI McENEANEY
Executive Assistant
EDGAR W. HOPPER
Publishing Director
ZIFF -DAVIS PUBLISHING COMPANY
Popular Electronics
Editorial and Executive Offices
One Park Avenue New York, New York 10016
212 -725 -3500
Hershel B. Sarbin, President
Furman Hebb, Executive Vice President
John R. Emery, Sr. Vice President, Finance and Treasurer
Phillip T. Heffernan, Sr. Vice President
Edward D. Muhlfeld, Sr. Vice President, Sports Division
Philip Sine, Sr. Vice President
Frank Pomerantz, Vice President, Creative Services
Arthur W. Butzow, Vice President, Production
Lawrence Sporn, Vice President, Circulation
George Morrissey, Vice President
Sydney H. Rogers, Vice President
Sidney Holtz, Vice President
Albert S. Traira, Vice President
Philip Korsant, Vice President
Paul H. Chook, Vice President
Edgar W. Hopper, Vice President
Charles B. Seton, Secretary
W.
William Ziff, Chairman

Bradford Briggs, Vice Chairman
Midwestern Office
The Pattis Group, 4761 West Touhy Ave.,

Lincolnwood, Illinois 60646, 312 679 -1100
Thomas Hockney, Michael Neri, Gerald E. Wolfe
Western Office
9025 Wilshire Boulevard, Beverly Hills, CA 90211
213- 273 -8050; BRadshaw 2 -1161
Western Advertising Manager: Bud Dean
Japan: James Yagi
Oji Palace Aoyama; 6-25, Minami Aoyama
6 Chome, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 407 -1930/6821,
582 -2851
yt
DAYS,
MPA
2e
tinnc
cde
Member Audh Bureau
m J
of Circulations
The publisher has no knowledge of any proprietary rights
which will be violated by the making or using of any items disclosed in this issue.
&agPOPULAR ELECTRONICS
EVERY PROJECT IN
BOOK IS ANOTHER
REASON TO OWN
CSC'S 61T SOCKETS AND
THIS
BUS STRIPS.
Variety -10 models from 70 to 590 solderless
With QT solderless breadboarding sockets and bus strips,

you can build twice the projects in
half the time. Because making
tie -points feature snap /lock design to expand or

contract your breadboard to fit every circuit
and budget requirement.

all types of parts,
including resistors, capacitors, transistors,
DIP s. TO-5.s, LED's. transformers, relays.
pots, etc. Most plug -in directly and instantly,
in seconds. No special jumpers required -just
lengths of #22 -30 AWG solid hookup wire.
Molded -in holes let you mount QT units
securely on any flat surface with 4 -40 flat
head screws. or 6 -32 self- tapping screws,
from behind panel.
Economy- Sockets are priced as low as
$3.00 Save more money by eliminating
heat and mechanical damage to
expensive parts. re-using components.
Speed- For fast circuit layouts. QT
Sockets have 5 interconnecting tie points per terminal: Bus Strips feature
2 separate rows of interconnecting
terminals. Both connect and disconnect easily, without damage to
socket or parts.
Visibility -All parts are instantly and
easily visible and accessible. for
quick signal tracing, circuit analysis
and diagramming.
Versatility- Use with virtually
connections or circuit changes is

as fast as pushing in -or pulling
out -component leads. No special
clips or jumpers required, either.
When you're building circuits
just for the fun of it, you can take
them apart in minutes -not hours.
So you save money by re -using parts.
while eliminating heat damage to
expensive components. Interlocking
QT Sockets and Bus Strips are
infinitely expandable, too: start small
and "grow breadboards as large as
you wish.
For as little as $3.00, you can get
a lot more out of your time in electronics
-so why not treat yourself to a QT
Socket today?
N--
Length
Hole to -Hole
Length
l'1s QT -59S
to -Hole
Durability-Higher-temperature
Terminals
6.5"
6.2"
118
12.50
6.2"
20
2.50
QT -47S
5.3'
5.0"
94
10.00
QT-47B
5.3"
5.0"
16
2.25
QT -35S
I1t111111111111 QT -35B
4.1"
3.8"
70
8.50
4.1"
3.8"
12
2.00
QT -18S
2.4"
2.1"
36
4.75
QT -12S
1.8"
1.5"
24
3.75
UQT -8S
1.4"
1.1"
16
3.25
QT -7S
1.3-
1.0"
14
3.00
MEE
IIII
QT -59B
sockets with abrasion- resistant,

glass-filled plastic. rated better
than 100 C. Screw -down -andinterlocked design provides high
mechanical strength.
Reliability- Ruggedly designed
to professional engineering
standards, for heavy day -in,
day -out use. Non -corrosive
prestressed nickel -silver contacts
insure more secure mechanical
and electrical connections. Vinyl
backing prevents shorting when
mounted on conductive surfaces.
Unit '
Price S
6.5"
ogaimminaummal
Hole-
CEG
CONTINENTAL SPECIALTIES CORPORATION
All OT units
are 33" thick
ill
See your CSC dealer or call

203 -624 -3103 (East Coast) or 415 -421 -8872 (West Coast)
major credit cards accepted.
44 Kw-KIWI Street. Box 1942. New Haven, CT 06509

203- 624 -3103 TWX 710- 465 -1227
Wrist Coast: 351 California St., San Francisco. CA 94104
415 -42t -8872 TWX 910- 372 -7992
MEXICO: ELPRO, S.A., Mexico City 5- 23 -30 -04
CANADA. Len Finkler Ltd,; Ontario
*Manufacturer s suggested list Prices and specifications subject to change without notice.
1976. Continental Specialties Corporation
AUGUST 1977
CIRCLE
NO.
13
ON
FREE
INFORMATION
CARD
Lr
Letters
Empire's
Blueprint For
Better Listening
No matter what: system
you owns, a new Empire
phono cartridge is certain
to improve its performance.
The advar tapes of
Empire are threefold.
One, your records will
last longer. Unlike other
magnetic cartridges,
Empire's moving iron
design al ows our d amond
stylus to float free of its
magnets and coils.-his
imposes much less weight
on the record surface and
insures longer record life.
Two, you get better
separatian.The small,
hollow iron armature we
use allows fora tighter fit
in its pos tioning among
the poles. So, even the
most minute movement is
accurate y reproduced to
give you the space and
depth of the original
recording.
Three, Empire uses
4 poles, 4 coils, and 3
magnets (more than any
other cartridge) for better
balance and hum rejection.
The end result is great
listening. Audition one for
yourself or write for our
free brochure "IHow To
Get The lllostOut Of Your
Records:' After you compare our performance
specifications we think
you'll agree that, for the
money, you can't do,
better than
Empire.
system sounds better.
Emp. re ScientilficCorp.
Garden City, New York 11530
CIRCLE
NC
19
ON
FREE
INFORMATION
CARD
was unable to obtain the recommended

Hewlett- Packard 5082-7340 hex displays for
my "COSMAC Elf" microcomputer (August
1976). So, had to substitute Texas Instruments TIL:311 displays. Unfortunately, the
pinout table supplied with the TI displays contained several errors that other POPULAR
ELECTRONICS readers might want to know
about. The TI displays will work fine if the following pin substitutions are made:
H -P DISPLAY
TI DISPLAY
I
PIN NO.
PIN NO.
A BIT OF NOSTALGIA
2
13
"The Morse -A- Letter" in the January 1977

issue was particularly interesting to me because it brought to mind the tinkering did in
the late 1930's and early 1940's. At that time,
put together a "siphon telegraph recorder
that recorded code as a wiggly line on "ticker" tape at speeds up to 100 wpm. This copy
could teen be decoded by eye at speeds faster than could copy by ear.
One of the peculiarities found was that
manual keying was much more difficult to
read by eye than by ear due to the great variation in keying characteristics among the operators. I wonder if your digital system might
have a similar problem. -George L. Rogers,
WB9LVI, Waynesboro, VA.
In on- the -air tests, we found very few instances where the Morse -A- Letter could not
decipher code. In those rare cases where the
converter "went wild," the operator of the received transmission had a very sloppy "fist."
12
1,14
3
Do not connect pins 4, 6, 9, 10, and 11 of the

TI displays. -Clayton Hallmark, Shelby, OH
TESTING SEQUENTIAL IC'S
The "Photoelectric Sensor's" (January

1977) maximum count can be increased from
9 to 15 simply by replacing the 74192 (IC4)
with a 74193 IC. Since these two IC's have
exactly the same pinout, no other change in
the basic circuit is needed. If a second 74193
is connected as shown in Fig. 2 of the article,
the maximum count would be 255. -Charlie
D. Hefley, Pasadena, TX.
The "Digital IC Tester" (June 1977) may

operate satisfactorily when combinational
logic such as AND gates and BCD -to- decimal
devices are tested, but it will not do a good
job when testing sequential circuits like
latches and counters. As an example, the
7490 decade counter shown in the article is
made up of three JK flip -flops and one SR
flip -flop. The set input of the last flip -flop will
never be tested. Because the reset to zero
and gate are conditioned before every fourth
clock pulse at pin 1, inputs S1 and S2 will
never both be high when the clock is applied
to the toggle inputs of the SR flip -flop. Since
the set input is never tested, it may be defective, but the IC would still pass the test.
Richard Sipes, Rochester, MN
Your statements would be basically correct-if the 7490 were connected only as
shown in the example in the article. However,
the jumpers on the setup matrix can be arranged to rest of any part of a digital IC.
VIDEO GAMES AND PIX TUBE ETCHING
MAKING IT WORK
note that POPULAR ELECTRONICS has recently presented a number of construction articles for inexpensive video games. While it is
true that such games do provide many hours
of entertainment, nowhere in any of the articles is it mentioned that court boundaries,
paddles, etc., displayed on-screen can etch
the expensive receiver picture tube. Believe
me, this is a very real problem. should know
because I work for a vending service.
Michaud, Lake Placid, NY
Though it is true that some commercial "arcade" types of video games have exhibited
this "etching" process, there does not appear
to be a similar problem in a home- entertainment system. Commercial vending games
(and retail video game demonstrators) are
generally operated 12 or more hours every
day, which, over a long period of time can
affect the CRT's phosphor. A video game
used in a home, is not likely to be operated
over prolonged periods of time.
When I built the "Digital Electronic Westminster Clock" (November 1976), had problems getting it to operate properly. found
that pin 23 of IC19 must be connected to VDD
when fluorescent displays are used. Also, H
at the junction of C3 and R9 should be connected to p n 13 of 1C19 for a one -hour pulse.
Now my Westminster clock operates fine.
-Larry Baxter, New Rochelle, NY
UPPING THE COUNT RANGE
EIVPIFE
Already your
GETTING PIN NUMBERS STRAIGHT
-.M.
FILTERING CUT THE NOISE
am very happy with the performance of

my " Digita Bicycle Speedometer" (March
1977). However, I would like to pass on to
other readers a slight addition had to make
to the circuit to obtain proper operation. The
556 IC used for IC3 was so noisy that the
power supply had to be filtered. I solved this
problem by installing a 2000 -pf electrolytic
capacitor between pin 4 of IC3 and the
ground, or common, bus. -Rob Breffeilh,
Shreveport, LA
I
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
I!///O//A/
LCD Watch Breakthrou h...
iii 0e
ai,m wenn m oy ssa.as
At last,
/:
constant readout (no buttons to push) precision quartz electronic watch

with a built -in 24 hour alarm system.
A quiet revolution has been taking place in the electronic watch industry during the last few years. Push -button
LED's are being replaced with continuous -display LCD watches; 4 -digit displays are being replaced by 6 -digit
readouts. This year there will be many such LCD watches available.
However, Winthrop- Rogers prides itself on offering not only the most technologically-perfect products available,
but also on introducing the most technologically -advanced products on the electronic market before they are
readily available. Therefore, we are pleased to announce the most remarkable achievement in electronic watch
technology to -date.
By combining the quartz- accuracy precision of the LCD watch with miniaturized alarm technology, we proudly
introduce the first CONTINUOUS DISPLAY ALARM WATCH. A watch that may not be available from other
sources for years can now be yours at a price hundreds of dollars less than you would imagine.
And now consider the incredible convenience of a portable alarm clock handsomely
adorning your wrist at all times
!
Never again missing an appointment beof time.

Never again missing a plane or a train
because you didn't relize how late it had
become.
Never again forgetting to make that all
important phone call.
Never having to worry about forgetting
to take important medication on time.
Never worrying about waking up from
that catnap, or at a hotel if your wake -up
call isn't on time.
Always being aware of when you should
cause you lost track
be coming or going or doing all that your

hectic schedule demands - without devoting your valuable time to trying to
remember it all.
SET TO RING
1:5 SAN
AT 7:55 A.M.
THE ALARM
The MICRO -ALARM has
a 24 hour Alarm System,

allowing you to set your watch to signal at any
minute of the day or night (1,440 settings per day
are possible). Once set, you need not be concerned
about your next appointment or train, plane or
phone call. The MICRO -ALARM will remember for
you and remind you when you need to be reminded.
SNOOZE /REMIND CONTROL

For your convenience the MICRO -ALARM will
give one short beep prior to its full alarm cycle,
allowing you to turn it off without disturbing
others. If not deactivated after the first short
beep, the alarm will then beep for 15 continuous
seconds. Push the deactivate button twice and the
alarm is off. However, should you want a further
reminder, then push the deactivate button only
once and the alarm will go through its cycle again
in exactly 5 minutes, allowing you to continue
your current activity whether it be a snooze or
phone call without fear of forgetting your next
commitment.
AUGUST 1977
12:34 AND 56
SECONDS
DISPLAY
The MICRO -ALARM has
6-DIGIT LCD
12' 3y56
ELEGANT MESH BRACELET

year limited
Each MICRO -ALARM comes with a
warranty. You may order in your choice of gold tone or silvertone case. Each for only S69.95 plus
$1.99 for shipping and handling. Each MICRO ALARM comes with a matching, elegant, thin
1
a 6 -digit readout showing

hours, minutes and seconds at a glance. Since the readout is by Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and not by
Light Emitting Diode (LED), no button has to be
pushed; the time is continuously displayed! A built
in night-light functions at the push of a button for
reading in darkness.
mesh bracelet, more handsome and much more
practical than those "pull over -snap" type bracelets.

This band adjusts comfortably and easily, eliminating cumbersome link adjustments.
AUGUST 15th
FRIDAY
15 DAY
B: I5 FR
CALENDAR DISPLAY
Just one push of the control button converts the display into a 3- function calendar; displaying the month,
date of the month, and day of the week. The remarkable memory built into the module knows each month
and the number of days in that month and resets
automatically on the first day of the new month.
QUARTZ ACCURACY
The MICRO -ALARM is extraordinarily accurate. Its
module is manufactured by Hughes Aircraft Company,
one of the world's foremost manufacturers of microelectronics, and is guaranteed accurate to within 3
minutes a year (averaging less than 15 seconds per
month). You can depend on the accuracy year after
year. There are no moving parts, so there is nothing
to wear out or even require servicing. The result of
this accuracy is that you can set your watch to the
second.
THINK ABOUT IT!
1. It is the most up -to -date fully- functioning electronic

watch available today.
It is accurate to +/- 15 seconds per month, and never

to be wound
put it on, and the time and date are
correct even if it has been in a drawer for a month!
has
styling will compliment any attire

and
elicit compliments from your associates and friends.
4. At this price you can not find a better buy.
5. One day you will have a critical need to be reminded of
a vital appointment
and then, having used the alarm
function once, you will never again return to any other
reminder system.
6. Why buy an ordinary watch when you can own a
MICRO- ALARM?
3. Its elegant
CIRCLE
NO
61
ON
FREE
INFORMATION
To order by credit card please phone

our 24 -hour toll -free number:
800 -325 -6400 ask for Oper. 36

In Missouri:
800-342-6600 ask for Operator
36
or mail the attached coupon with your

payment and the MICRO -ALARM will
be on its way to you.
Allow 3 -4 Weeks For Delivery
1T ;./
-, -`
6l`
V5408
Box A69,1135 Greenridge Rd., Buffalo Grove, II 60090
send_MICRO- ALARMS
Please
569.95 each
plus S1.99 for shipping and handling.

Silvertone MICRO -ALARM
Even if you have no consistant need for a watch with a

built -in electronic alarm, the MICRO -ALARM is a valuable investment for its watch features alone:
2.
TRIAL
Wear the MICRO -ALARM for 15 days to assure

yourself that this is no ordinary watch. If at
the end of that time you are dissatisfied for any
reason you may return it for a prompt refund,
no questions asked.
CARD
Goldtone MICRO -ALARM

If am not completely satisfied may return it
for a full refund. Total amount enclosed S
check or money order. (Illinois residents please
add 5% sales tax.) No C.O.D.s please.
Charge:
Amer. Exp.
Bank Amer. /Visa
Master Charge MCBK#
I
Card
Exp
Signature
Name
Address
Apt._
City
State_ Zip
To expediate shipping by UPS, please provide
street address rather than P.O. Box number.
_I
sharp cutoff LC filter, with a response curve

tailored for maximum intelligibility of CB signals. The FS -10 has an 8 -ohm impedance
and weighs just over 5 ounces. $14.95.
CIFCLE
New Products
Additional information on new products

covered in this section is available from
the manufacturers. Either circle the item's
code number on the Reader Service Card
inside the back cover or write to the manufacturer at the address given.
NO.
91
ON
FREE
INFORMATION
CARD
ONKYO "QUARTZ- LOCKED" FM TUNER
Onkyo's Model T -9 AM /Stereo FM "quartz locked" tuner uses a front -end dual -gate
MOSFET. Mono FM sensitivity is rated at 3
V (16.1 dBf) at 50 dB quieting; image rejection, 83 dB; and stereo S/N ratio, 73 -dB. PLL
cies can be programmed into the receiver in a

matter of seconds. The scanning rate is 20
channels /second. A large digital numeric display allows the operator to see the frequencies he has selected as well as those being
received. Bearcat's exclusive rolling zeroes
indicate when the scanning function is active.
A 2- second scan delay allows the listener to
hear both parts of a two -way broadcast. A
pushbutton ock-out feature permits selective
skipping of those channels the user does not
wish to monitor. The receiver can be operated on either ac or battery power.
CIRCLE
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94
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TEAC CASSETTE DECK
TRIPLETT HAND -SIZED VOM
The new Model 100 -T from Triplett is a hand sized VOM featuring temperature ranges
from -50 to +300 degrees F. A handy leather carrying case includes temperature
probes, VOM leads, clamp -on ac ammeter,
multiplex circuitry provides 40 -dB stereo separation at 1000 Hz. A touch -sensitive FM tuning knob unlocks the frequency comparator
and automatically activates a muting circuit
when tuning in a station. Also featured are
separate signal and center -channel tuning
meters. Front-panel pushbutton switches are
provided for POWER on /off, injecting a 400 -Hz
recording signal for tape recording, MUTE/
LOCKED function, stereo noise filter, and AM/
FM selection.
CIRCLE
NO.
92
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TARBELL MICROPROCESSOR PROTOTYPING
plus a plug -in line separator for current read ilgs on standard line cords. The 100 -T consists of the company's basic Model 390 "shirt
pocket" VOM with fuve ac /dc voltage ranges
(0 -1200 volts), four dc milliamp ranges
(0.6 -600 mA), and four ohm ranges (10 k to
10 M). Dc sensitivity is 20 kilohms /volt; ac is
5 kilohms /volt. $120.
CIRCLE
NO
88
ON
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AUTOMATIC RADIO STEREO POWER BOOSTER
Featuring dual amplifiers in a compact case

for underdash mounting, the Automatic Radio
PWR -2125 stereo power booster attaches to
the output of any stereo radio or tape player.
It boosts the power up to four times, to a total
of 30 watts rms. A pushbutton allows switching from normal- to boost -power mode.
$34.95.
CIRCLE
NO.
89
ON
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The Mcdel 1010 prototyping board from Tar bell Electronics can be used with the 8080microprocessor based microcomputers made
by MITS and IMSAI. The board accepts up to
33 14 -pin IC's or a mixture of 40 -, 24-, 18 -,
16 -, and 14 -pin DIP IC's. Mainly oriented toward point -to-point soldering, the board can
also be used for Wire Wrap. There are three
rows fo- IC's. The IC's or their sockets are inserted from the top of the board and then
wires are soldered to the adjacent tabs. Even
with 40 -pin IC's, there are two holes left over
on each pin for hooking up wires. A place for
a 5 -voll regulator is provided on the board,
and edge- connector pads are gold plated.
$28.00.
CIFCLE
NO
93
ON
FREE
INFORMATION
Model A-103 front -loading, all black design

cassette deck from Teac features Dolby
noise reduction, two-step bias and equalization switches, Permaflux heads for record/
playback and erase, separate left and right
level controls, and a mic or line input switch.
Wow and flutter is rated at 0.10 %; frequency
response 30- 14,000 Hz with chromium dioxide tape; s gnat -to -noise ratio 50 dB, improved to 10 dB at 5000 Hz with Dolby. Dimensions: 17 5/16" x 95/N" x 7 11/16" (40 x
24 x 20 cm) $180.
CIRCLE
MO.
95
ON
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INFORMATION
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VECTOR WIRE -WRAPPING TOOL
Vector's P160 -9 is a double -ended tool with a

wrapping bit on one end and an unwrapping
bit on the other. Designed for use either with
Vector's battery- powered P160 -4R power
CARD
ELECTRA PROGRAMMABLE SCANNER
The Bearcat 210 scanning monitor receiver

gives the user pushbutton access to more
than 6000 public- service frequencies. The
five -band crystalless receiver employs completely synthesized circuitry. Any 10 frequen-
NEOSONIC CB SPEAKER
A CB speaker with a hinge that permits

mounting virtually anywhere in cars, trucks,
recreation vehicles, vans, tractors, base stations and boats, the Neosonic FS -10 measures 33/4" in diameter and 4" deep. It is said
to provide high -quality sound over the 300 to- 4000-Hz voice range because of a built -in
If
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
Photo courtesy of Edmund Scientific Co.
AVANTI Invents the Saturn Base

The reason the "Saturn" is so revolutionary
is that it is absolutely the only combination
vertical and horizontal omnidirectional
antenna. That's right, it needs no rotor!
You can pick up mobiles (which are vertical)
or horizontal and vertical beams.
The "Saturn ", invented after years of research by Avanti engineers, is the latest
development using AVANTI's unique COINDUCTIVE principle to give you the performance of two antennas combined into
one.
The "Saturn" not only works on both
polarities, but pounds out signals like an
air hammer and picks them up like a magnet.
Both polarities offer high gain figures.
Those of you who are worried about sun

spots and "skip" can relax too. This antenna
really helps. When the sun spots cause a
signal shift, you can often change polarity
(just like our P.D.L. or Moonraker) and still
pick up the desired channel with no loss of
TOP
transmission.
Height 22'
Radials 9'
Weight 25 Ibs.
Copyright 1977, All rights reserved
"Saturn."
In fact, having a
Saturn" and a "P.D.L."

or "Moonraker" will put you in the elite
group of C.B.'ers who "always seem to get
out better."
Omnidirectional
No rotor
AV -501 Switchbox included
PATENT PENDING
Avanti makes a complete line of high performance base and mobile

CB antennas from $11.95 to $404.00. Write for free Avanti catalog.
AVANTI RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, INC.,

340 Stewart Avenue, Addison, IL 60101
o
The P.D.L. and Moonraker made dual polarity

famous as the only antennas to have during
the last sun spot cycle, and this time around
any serious C.B.'er will want to have the
SIDE
CIRCLE
NO.
Creators of the famous
ON
FREE
INFORMATION
CARO
The
"Click
and Pop'
machine
only by
elnr,i,r
!
us.,6..
Ever since the invention of the recorded disc annoying "clicks" and
"pops" caused by scratches, static
and imperfections have consistently
disturbed the listening pleasure of
music lovers.
Now, SAE introduces the unique model
5000, an Impulse Noise Reduction
System which eliminates those unwanted sounds with no adverse effect
on the quality of the recorded material.
This breakthrouch in electronic circuitry is so demonstrably effective

that the SAE 5000 is destined to become an essential part of any sound
tool, or for manual wrapping, the tool makes

gas -tight terminations on 0.025 -inch square
posts, using 26 to 30 AWG wire. The wrapping bit's 0.07 -inch radius allows terminations
on posts on 0.1 -inch centers. A bit depth of
0.56 inch permits three wrap levels. The
P160 -9 Wrap -N- Unwrap tool is $18.40, and
the P160 -4R power tool is $45.68.
CIRCLE
NO
96
ON
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CARD
HUNT IGNITION NOISE SUPPRESSOR
"Phantom Damper" is what HLnt CB Accessories is calling its noise filter which, it claims,
eliminates from 75% to 100% of all vehicle
engine noise from CB radios. Housed in a
small black box, approximately 11/2 inches
square, the unit is installed in the vehicle between the alternator and CB unit. Equipped
with self- adhesive backing, installation is said
to take only 15 minutes. It may be attached
directly b the CB unit or any convenient location within 12 inches of the set. A power cable
runs from the Damper through the vehicle's
firewall to the battery and shielded coax runs
from the Damper to the CB unit. A red LED
lamp, located on the Damper, glows when all
connections are tight and unit is correctly
grounded. $39.95. Address: Hunt CB Accessories, Box 489, Eaglepoint, OR 97524.
lightweight, slim-bodied probe has a three

position switci that allows selection of 10:1 or
direct modes or a reference position that
grounds the tip through a 9- megohm resistor.
A complete set of accessories is supplied
with the probe, including a spring -loaded retractable tip cover, insulating tip, BNC tip
adapter, IC tip, and an insulated compensation capacitor adjustment tool. The insulating
tip is designed for probing dense solid-state
circuitry with no danger of shorting to nearby
components. The BNC adapter converts the
probe tip into a push -on BNC connector. The
IC tip guides the probe contact onto any pin
of a DIP, making it almost impossible to short
two pins of ar IC. $40.00.
CIRCLE
NC.
98
ON
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HITACHI STEREO RECEIVER
Hitachi has expanded its Series "E" line of

audio components with the Model SR -2004
AM /stereo FM receiver, rated at 200 watts/
channel, 0.8% THD (20 Hz to 20 kHz at 8
ohms). It incorporates the company's Class
"G" amplifier circuit design and is said to be
capable of delivering up to 400 watts /channel
of transient music power within rated distortion. Features include dual power- output meters, separate signal and tuning meters, mi-
JOHNSON CB RADIO WITH FLASHING METER
E.F. Jol-nson's new 40- channel, mobile CB

AM trarsceiver, the Messenger 4145, is
equipped with a "Power Bar" LED meter
which indicates received signal strength and
relative power output with red LED segments.
system.
The SAE 5000 is compact and sleek,
built to SAE's exacting standards, and
ready to enhance the performance of
any system, from the standard receiver /turntable combination, to the most
I4iIor:
crophone mixing, turnover tone controls, audio mute lever switch, FM muting /auto -lock
switch, MPX noise -filter, i -f wide /narrow
switch, three front -panel speaker system selector switches, and tape copy and monitor
switches. In addition, performance specifications include 1.5 V FM sensitivity, 85 dB selectivity and 50 dB stereo separation. $1000.
CIRCLE
NC
99
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sophisticated audiophile components.

SAE is proud to add the 5000 to their
broad line of Components for the

Connoisseur.
Scientific Audio Electronics, Inc.

P.O. Box 60271, Terminal Annex
Los Angeles, Cal. 90060
Please send more information on the

5000.
MITS AUDIO CASSETTE INTERFACE
can also function as an attention -getting

"silent alert" light when operating the radio
with the volume control off. Other features
are a PA function, built-in electronic speech
It
compression, a tapered switchable automatic

noise limiter, PLL circuitry on a single IC chip,
a dimmer switch, and positive /negative
ground power capability. Accessories available include an external speaker and ac power supply for base operations. $179.95.
CIRCLE
NO
97
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INFORMATION
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Name
BO-PRECISION INSTRUMENT PROBE
Address
A new deluxe wideband instrument probe,

designated the Model PR -37, has been announced by B &K- Precision. It is designed to
City
Zip
State
PE-877
be used with frequency counters and oscilloscopes at frequencies up to 100 MHz. The
The MITS Model 680b -KCACR is designed to

interface the Altair 680b microcomputer's bus
with an audio cassette recorder /player to
provide a mass data storage /retrieval medium. The circutry is based on the Kansas City
Standard. Other design features include a digital demodulator, CMOS logic for low power
consumption, a motor control circuit for starting and stopp,ng tape motion, and test points
at key locations in the circuit. All IC's are
socketed. A complete set of documentation
containing d agnostic software, test -point
waveforms, theory of operation, and a detailed operator's section is provided. Altair
680b BASIC, Version 1.2, has been developed for use with the system and includes the
standard functions and operations of 680b
BASIC as well as the capability to store and
load software through the interface system.
CIRCLE
CIRCLE
NO
49
04
FREE
INFORMATION
CARD
NO
100
ON
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POPULAR ELECTRONICS
wire wrapping center

BATTERY WIRE -WRAPPING TOOL MODEL BW -630
ANOTHER UNIQUE PRODUCT
DESIGNED, MANUFACTURED
AND MARKETED WORLDWIDE

BY
OK MACHINE & TOOL CORPORATION
$34.95*
STRIP
/WRAP /UNWRAP TOOL MODEL WSU -30


BY
5.95*
WIRE DISPENSER
MODEL
WD -30 -B
THE DISPENSER WHICH
CUTS AND STRIPS
THE WIRE
BY
$3.45*
DIP IC INSERTION TOOL WITH PIN STRAIGHTENER
MODEL INS -1416
T
4

BY
$3.49*

BY
J
MINIMUM ORDER $25.00, SHIPPING CHARGE $1.00
N.Y. CITY AND STATE RESIDENTS ADD TAX

3455 Conner St., Bronx. N.Y. 10475
CIRCLE
NO.
62
ON
FREE
(212) 994 -6600

INFORMATION
CARD
Telex
125091
Tronics. Mobile and base station antennas

are illustrated with special designs including
the "Homing Pigeon," the "Hustloff" and "Super Hustler." A selection of 40-channel antennas and hardware is also described plus a
new series for recreational vehicles. Address:
New- Trorics Corp., 15800 Commerce Park
Dr., Brookpark, OH 44142.
New Literature
LOUDSPEAKER CATALOG
"Quam '77, The Sound Decision" is the title

of the new, 12 -page catalog from QuarrNichols. Listed are 127 models, including mobile 2 -way radio replacement speakers and
updated listings of general -purpose, automo-
HUSTLER CB ANTENNA CATALOG
The Hustler 1977 revised 26 -page CB and

Monitor antenna catalog is offered by New-
lkzP
Little CIi8P
Th
FASTEST manual
device available
Will not
wear out
Safe
- will
devices
Adjustable
Easy to use
adjustable.
CIRCLE
FREE
CATA LOG
Apollo Road, Plymouth Mtg., Pa. 1 946 2

Tlx 83 -4763
(215)825 -4990
TECHNI TOOL INC .

-As
INSERTS
with no stress.
ALIGNS leads
NO.
56
ON
1
FREE
INFORMATION
Distributots
Wanted
GARD
featured In March 1976 Popular Electronics-
The Incredible
"Pennywhlstle 103"
Think
Of
It As
4' Interconnect cable
$15.95
(plus $3.50 for postage and handling).

California residents add 61/2% sales tax.
Allow approximately four weeks for delivery.
The Pennywhlstle 103 Acoustic Coupler Is the first professional quality modem available In kit form. The
Pennywhlstle may be used either as an acoustic coupler (with the telephone handset) or it may be wired
directly into the telephone. In either case, The Pennywhlstle will operate in both the half -duplex (unidirectional)
or the full -duplex (bidirectional) modes.
The Pennywhlstle 103 is capable of recording data to and from audio tape without critical speed requirements
for the recorder and it is able to communicate directly with another modem and terminal for telephone
'hamming" and communications for the deaf. In addition, it is free of critical adjustments and is built with
non-precision, readily available parts.
The Pennywhlstle is the only Acoustic Coupler Modem Kit in the world with these features.
The Pennywhlstle represents many things in terms of operation, construction and concept. It is, in effect, a new
generation of Acoustic Coupler Modems.
-SPECIFICATIONSData Transmission Method

Maximum Data Rate
Data Format
Receive Channel Frequencies
Transmit Channel Frequencies

Receive Sensitivity
Transmit Level
Receive Frequency Tolerance
Digital Data Interlace

indicators
Power Requirements
'Physical
Frequency -Shift Keying, full -duplex (half -duplex selectable).

300 Baud.
Asynchronous Serial (return to mark ever required between each character).
2025 Hz for space; 2225 Hz for mark.
Switch selectable: Low (normal) = 1070 space, 1270 mark;
High = 2025 space, 2225 mark.
-46 dbm acoustically coupled.
-15 dbm nominal. Adjustable from -6 dbm to -20 dbm.
Frequency reference automatically adjusts to allow for operation
between 1800 Hz and 2400 Hz.
EIA RS -232C or 20 mA current loop (receiver is optoisolated and non -polar).
Red LED indicates power without carrier. Amber LED lights and red LED goes
out upon aquisition of carrier..Data received causes both LEDs to flicker.
120 VAC, single phase, 10 Watts.
All components mount on a single 5" by 9" printed circuit board.
All components included.
8R FIITERPRISES
Requires a VOM. Audio Oscillator.

= requency Counter and /or Oscilloscope to align.
12
CIRCLE
NO.
P.O. Box 61011, Sunnyvale,

35
ON
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INFORMATION
CARD
"Introducing a New Dimension In Radio

Communications" is a guide offered by Motorola for land mobile business radio operators
interested in interference -free, FM 2 -way radio communication. The booklet provides information on the FCC's decision to assign an
exclusive channel to any user who can meet
the 800 -MHz loading requirements. Address:
Motorola Communications Group, Literature
Distribution Center, 1301 E. Algonquin Rd.,
Schamburg, IL 60196.
The 24 -page, Spring 1977 Breadboarding

and Test Equipment Catalog is available from
Continental Specialties. The company's line
of solderless breadboards (including the Experimentor series which snap- together to suit
circuit design) are described, along with protoboard kits; logic monitors; logic probes; and
equipment for design troubleshooting and
testing. A section describing components is
also included. Address: Continental Specialties Corp., 44 Kendall St., Box 1942, New
Haven, CT 06509.
RCA BiMOS OP AMP BULLETIN
$ 1 2995
The
Ultimate!
MOTOROLA EXCLUSIVE-RADIO- CHANNEL GUIDE
BREADBOARDING & TEST EQUIPMENT
not damage
LOADS from any

surface or magazine
tive, high-fidelity, music -instrument and

sound-system loudspeakers and matching
line transformers. Specifications for each
speaker provide information on dimensions,
frequency response, power handling capability, voice coil mpedance and diameter, and
magnet material and weight. Line drawings illustrate configurations and mounting dimensions. Address: Quam -Nichols Co., 234 E.
Marquette Rd., Chicago, IL 60637.
California 94088
Data Bulletin, File No. 976, describing the

CA3160 series of BiMOS operational amplifiers, is available from the RCA Solid State Division. The CA3160 series are frequency compensated versions of the popular
CA3130 COS/MOS operational amplifiers.
Features inciLde high input impedance and
low input current, wide bandwidth (15 MHz),
high slew rate, and strobing capability to reduce standby power consumption. Applications include voltage followers and regulators, and voltage- controlled oscillators. Address: RCA Solid State Div., Box 3200, Somerville, NJ 0E876.
VOR RECORD CLEANER BROCHURE
VOR Industries offers a 4 -color brochure describing the benefits and operation of its
Vac -O-Rec "d-y" vacuum record cleaner. Address: Sales Dept., VOR Industries, 1440 S.
State College Blvd., Unit 5H, Anaheim, CA
90806.
STACO POWER SUPPLIES SPEC SHEET
A spec sheet from Staco, Inc. describes its
line of regulated and filtered power supplies

for "home base" operation of mobile CB radios, stereos, and tape decks. Technical
data, features and application information are
provided. Address: Staco, Inc., 2240 E. 3rd
St., Dayton, 01-145403.
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
SWTPC announces first dual
minifloppy kit under $1,000
Now SWTPC offers complete best -buy computer system with $995
dual minifloppy, $500 video terminal/ monitor, $395 4K computer.
$995 MF -68 Dual Minifloppy

You need dual drives to get full benefits
from a minifloppy. So we waited to offer a
floppy until we could give you a dependable dual system at the right price.
The MF -68 is a complete top- quality
minifloppy for your SWTPC Computer. The
kit has controller, chassis, cover, power
supply, cables. assembly instructions, two
highly reliable Shugart drives, and a
diskette with the Floppy Disk Operating
System (FDOS) and disk BASIC. (A floppy
is no better than its operating system, and
the MF -68 has one of the best available.)
An optional $850 MF -6X kit expands the
system to four drives.
Enclosed Is:
990 for the full system shown above
(MF -68 Minifloppy, CT-64 Terminal with
CT-VM Monitor).
$995 for the Dual Minifloppy
$325 for the CT-64 Terminal
$175 for the CT-VM Monitor
$395 for the 4K 6800 Computer
$1
$500 Terminal /Monitor

The CT-64 terminal kit offers these
premium features: 64- character lines,
upper/lower case letters, switchable control character printing, word highlighting,
full cursor control, 110-1200 Baud serial
interface, and many others. Separately
the CT-64 is $325, the 12 MHz CT-VM
monitor $175.
$250 for the PR -40 Line Printer
$79.50 for AC -30 Cassette Inferface
Additional 4K memory boards at $100
Additional 8K memory boards at $250
Exp. Date
Or BAC #
Exp. Date
Or MC #
Address
Name
Zip
State
C ty
CIRCLE
NO.
54
ON
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CARD
$395 4K 6800 Computer

The SWTPC 6800 comes complete with
4K memory, serial interface, power supply,
chassis, famous Motorola MIKBUG
mini -operating system in read -only
memory (ROM), and the most complete
documentation with any computer kit. Our
growing software library includes 4K and
8K BASIC (cassettes $4.95 and $9.95;
paper tape $10.00 and $20.00). Extra
memory, $100/4K or $250/8K.
Other SWTPC peripherals include
$250 PR -40 Alphanumeric Line Printer
(40 characters/line, 5 x 7 dot matrix,
75 line /minute speed, compatible with
our 6800 computer and MITS /IMSAI);
$79.50 AC -30 Cassette Interface System
(writes /reads Kansas City standard tapes..
controls two recorders, usable with other
computers); and other peripherals now
and to come.
Southwest Technical
Products Corp.
219 W. Rhapsody, San Antonio, Texas 78216
London: Southwest Technical Products Co., Ltd.

Tokyo: Southwest Technical Products Corp. /Japan
Stereo Scene
By Ralph Hodges
TAPE TOPICS
respond to the rate of change in magnetic flux (the crossings of magnetic lines of
force), and hence it cannot respond to a
tape that is not moving. A Hall device
can, however (with a steady and triumphant dc output). This opens a delightful
Pandora's Box of possibilities.
The possibilities are all based on the
virtual elimination of playback equalization it tape machines. Conventional
playback heads, being rate-of- change
dependent, exhibit a rising output with
rising frequency, and hence must be
compensated by "lossy" equalization
circuits to restore flat frequency response. Additional gain stages must
then be used to repair the losses, and
the noise contribution from the electronics becomes a significant problem.
A Hall -effect device could care less
about rate of change. Instantaneous flux
determines its output, which is therefore
independent of frequency and essentially "flat" from any properly recorded tape.
Of course, gap losses at high frequencies are still a factor (present Hall -effect
heads use conventional head "yokes" of
laminated iron with carefully defined
gaps), but the amount of equalization
necessary to compensate for them is
comparatively (and audibly) trivial.
At a press conference in late April, Hitachi announced the intention of installing Hall -effect playback heads into
CONSEQUENTIAL things are suddenly happening in the consumer

tape industry. don't mean to refer to the
Elcaset and similar evolutionary developments. Rather, the overall potential of
consumer tape recording in any format
is on the brink of giant steps forward in
at least three and possibly four areas of
research. The first step is probably only
months away. The second involves a
technology that is virtually perfected, but
poses compatibility problems with almost all existing tape machines. The
third will insinuate itself subtly over a period of some years. And the fourth is a
total departure from anything that has
gone before.
Let's take them as they (probably) will
I
occur.
The Hall Head. The
Hall effect,
named after its discoverer, was happened upon late in the nineteenth century. It involves the ability of a suitably
biased piece of semiconductor material
(metallic compounds of antimony, arsenic, and other exotic metals being
among those favored) to develop an
'output" voltage proportional to any
magnetic flux impinging on it. This is
precisely what we want from the playback head of a tape recorder. But there
is an important distinction! A conventional coil -wound playback head can only
PLAY
SHIELD
HEAD
RECORD
HEAD\,
RECORD
HEAD.. WA,
rSHIELD
HALL
ELEMENT
PLAY
HEAD
f-3.4mm
(A)
14
.--
2.4mm---.1
(8)
Comparison of a Hall -head

assembly for a three -head
cassette deck (B) with the
conventional heads (A)
presently used by Hitachi.
three -head cassette machines within the

year. (At present no application for the
Hall effect in record heads is foreseen,
so any Hall tape recorders will necessarily have to be three -head devices.) The
Hitachi people allowed that development, requiring an exceedingly thin slab
of material, was frustratingly difficult. (A
vapor -deposited film of indium antimonide on a ferrite substrate is used,
amounting to a total thickness of about 1
micron.) The resulting playback head,
lacking bu ky coils, is quite compact,
permitting it to nestle that much closer to
the record head in a cassette deck. It
thus further reduces the possibility of
tape skew between record and play
gaps.
Another benefit legitimately claimed
for the Hall head is a drastic reduction in
phase shift (academic when you consider that the record head has already introduced copious phase shift, but of interest all the same). The Hitachi spokesman, Dr. Miyazaki, also claimed that the
Hall head developed by his company is
intrinsically less noisy than a coil -wound
playback head. If true, this (and all the
rest of the benefits) should put a good
ferric tape recorded without Dolby noise
reduction ;and played on a Hall -head
machine) within easy reach of a chromium- dioxide tape recorded with noise reduction.
"Yes," Fe203 "No!" But who

cares about ferric -oxide tape if a pure iron tape can do much better?
first
heard about tape coatings containing
pure metal particles (not oxides) several
years ago. At that time, Philips was talking about some remarkable results
achieved with pure -iron tapes. The major fly in the ointment was that these
tapes tended to corrode rapidly and
even burst into flame spontaneously
when used in an atmosphere containing
oxygen. Now 3M, in a recent announcement, claims to have found a way
presumably an alloying process
keep a very "hot" tape from literally
burning itself up. And "hot" is an understatement. The tape, which 3M has
dubbed Metafine, is reported to provide
an increase in recording headroom (or
signal -to -noise ratio, if you prefer) of between 6 to 12 dB over anything now
available, at all audio frequencies. The
potential here is a little unsettling, to say
the least.
The company originally viewed Meta fine as a video-tape product; but when
its phenomenal retentivity characteristics became apparent, the temptation to
really rock the audio -tape market was a
Fe
-to
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
NOW, SCANNING
OVER 6000 FREQUENCIES
IS AS EASYAS
USING A PUSHBUTTON
PHONE.
Introducing the incredible, new Bearcat 210.

The exciting, new Scanner Radio with the
space -age, computer control center that brings in
every available public service frequency with
pushbutton ease.
Bearcat's new 210 is as easy to program as a
pushbutton phone. You can select any of the
public service bands (all the available local
frequencies) simply by pushing buttons.
Simply punch in the frequency numbers on the
computer control center keyboard. Hit the Enter
button. And you're programmed.
A large, flashing, digital readout panel shows
you each frequency you've selected.
The Bearcat 210 patented search capacity lets
you explore the endless world of every available
public frequency out there, too.
Best of all, you're no longer limited to a given

band or set of frequencies. The new Bearcat 2t0
is synthesized. Space -age circuitry lets you forget
crystals forever.
Let's look at some Bearcat 210 features. And
facts.
5 BAND
COVERAGE- Includes Low, High. UHF
and UHF "T" public service bands, the 2 -meter

amateur (Ham) band, plus other UHF frequencies.
SCANS 20 CHANNELS PER SECOND -In half

a second, the Bearcat 210 scans all 10 channels.
CRYSTAL -LESS -Space -age circuitry with 5
custom designed chips. You never have to buy a
crystal.
TRACK- TUNING - Patented track tuning provides

full -band coverage on every band.
AUTOMATIC LOCK- OUT -Locks out channels
and "skips" frequencies not of current interest.
AC /DC- Mobile mounting bracket included.
SELECTIVE SCAN DELAY -Adds a two-second

delay to prevent missing transmissions when
calls" and answers" are on the same frequency.
AUTOMATIC SEARCH -New, patented feature
searches out any active local public service
frequency automatically. For more police. fire,
marine, emergency calls. And much more.
THE NEW
BEARCAT
"PE
THE MOST EXCITING THING THAT'S HAPPENED

TO SCANNING SINCE SCANNERS.
Electra Company
300 East County Line Road, South, Cumberland. Indiana 46229
Copyright 1977 Masco Corporation of Indiana
AUGUST 1977
CIRCLE
NO.
64
ON
FREE
INFORMATION
CARD
No other TV/Audio
home study school
huts prices in
its ads. Why?
Maybe it's because they
can't match these values.
No other school gives you a choice of
five ways to learn TV /Audio servicing,
with complete courses starting as low
as $445 and convenient, inexpensive
time payment plans. No other school
includes both an engineered- for -training 25" diagonal color TV and a four -
speaker Quadraphonic stereo in its

best course. In fact, to even match
this kind of thorough training at
another school, you'd have to take
an extra course costing hundreds of
dollars more. We're proud to quote
our prices because we believe you get
top educational value from NRI.
You pay less because NRI passes
its savings on to its students.

NRI pays no salesmen. We buy no outside "hobby kits" for our experiments
or training kits. We design our own
equipment with special Power -On features that allow you to experiment as
you build. You get low tuition rates
without the penalty of exorbitant interest charges for time payments. We
pass the savings on to you.
More than 1 million students have

come to NRI for home training.
Home study isn't a sideline with NRI.
We've been its innovating leader for
over 62 years. More than one million

students have enrolled in our many
career courses. NRI is one of the few
home study schools with a full -time
staff of engineers, authors and editors
tc help you with any problem. NRI
graduates will tell you: you can pay
more, but you can's buy better training.
Widest choice of courses

with digital computer,
CB, and complete
communications.
Send for the free NRI electronics catalog and check out the full spectrum
of courses available, including Color
T1J, FCC License, Complete Communications Electronics -with Citizens
Band radio, Computer Electronics,
Marine and Aircraft Electronics, Mobile Communi SRI IMawTraint
cations, etc.
Mail the card for your

Free NRI catalog.
No salesman will call.
NRI McGraw
J'
,`M 1
NRI SCHOOLS
/4
IIIIII
-Hill Continuing Education Center

3939 Wisconsin Avenge.
Washington, D.C. 20016
Available for career study under GI Bill

Check the GI Bill Box on the card for information.
16
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
7 kits: Quadraphonic Stereo...

$
11,
445
or low monthly terms
A basic 1V/Audio Servicing Course including 7 training

kits for your experiments. You build your own 4- speaker
Quadraphonic System, solid -state volt- ohmmeter,
CMOS digital frequency counter, and electronics Discovery Lab. Includes 48 bite-size lessons (18 on color
1V), 10 special reference texts with hundreds of servicing shortcuts, tips on setting up your own business, etc.
This completely up -to -date course covers black &
white and color 1V, FM multiplex receivers, public
address systems, antennas, radios, tube, transistor and
solid -state circuits.
kits: Quadraphonic Stereo and

B/W TV... 550
11
A complete course in B&W and Color TV Servicing,

including 48 lessons (18 on color 1V) 10 special reference texts and 11 training kits. Kits you build include
4- speaker Quadraphonic System, solid -state volt -ohm-
meter, CMOS digital frequency counter, electronics

Discovery Lab, plus a 12" diagonal solid -state black
& white portable 1V to build and use. At each assembly
stage, you learn theory and "Power -On" application
of that theory in typical solid -state 1V sets.
11
kits: 19" diagonal Color TV...
$880
The course includes 42 lessons and 4 reference texts

plus kits and experiments to build a superb solid -state
19" diagonal color 1V receiver ... complete with cabinet, and engineered specifically for training by NRI's
own engineers and instructors. This handsome set was
designed from the chassis up to give you a thorough
understanding of circuitry and professional troubleshooting techniques. You build your own solid state
volt - ohmmeter, CMOS digital frequency counter, and
experimental electronics Discovery lab.
14 kits: 25" diagonal color TV and

Quadraphonic Stereo...$1195.00
monthly
or low
terms
The-ultimate home training in Color 1V/Audio servicing

with 48 bite-sized lessons, 10 reference texts, and 14
training kits ... including kits to build a 25" diagonal
color 1V, complete with console cabinet; a 4- speaker
Quadraphonic Center; awide band, solid-state, triggered
sweep, service type 5" oscilloscope; digital integrated
circuit color IN/pattern generator; a CMOS digital frequency counter, and an electronics Discovery Lab.
This gives you thorough 1V and Audio training for
hundreds of dollars less than the separate courses
you'd have to take elsewhere.
This Master Course combines theory with practice,
using the "Power -On" stages for experimentation and
learning. Building NRI's equipment will give you the
confidence and ability to service any color 1V or Audio
unit on the market. And you'll have a magnificent 1V
and quad unit for years of trouble-free performance.
Pro Color: 19" diagonal color TV...

$665
An advanced Color 1V Servicing Course for experienced
technicians, 18 lessons, 5 new "Shop Manuals ", and

NRI 19" diagonal Color 1V receiver with cabinet.
AUGUST 1977
19
TO
FROM
SUPPLY
REEL
REEL
FIXED
GUIDE
FIXED
"GUIDE
The 3M Iso -loop with tape's view

of capstan and pinch- roller
configuration at the top.
Transports. Chances
bit too hard to resist. Consequently there

now exists
prototype form
Meta fine cassette tape. Of late it has been
made available to tape- machine manu-
-in
This will call for a bias current approaching the strength of the erase current
used in some consumer tape decks. 3M
estimates there might perhaps be one
tape machine presently on the market
(whether professional or consumer was
not specified) capable of delivering that
kind of bias through to its record head.
As for -he rest of the machine population, the anticipated problems with tape head saturation and even excessive
head temperatures are obvious. Evidently we'll all need new tape machines
to cope with recording Metafine and other tapes of its kind. In the meantime,
wouldn't Metafine make a really superb
prerecorded tape?
-a
facturers for their confidential evaluation

and feedback, and rumor has it that similar tapes from Maxell and TDK are undergoing the same process.
Of course, there are a few things
about Metafine that will take some getting used to. For example, its coercivity
is on the high side of 1,000 oersteds, or
roughly twice that of chromium dioxide.
are that the

tape- transport mechanism on your
open -reel tape machine looks pretty
much like mine: supply reel to port, take up reel to starboard, heads in the middle
(with the capstan and pinch roller just to
the right), and tape guides or tension
arms here and there. Not all audio tape
recorders look like this. The 3M !so-loop
transport, invented years ago by tape pioneer John Mullin and still enjoying immense popularity in professional recording studios, is a marvel of simplicity by
comparison.
A large central capstan and two pinch
rollers are used. The left -hand pinch roller seizes the tape and propels it downward arourd a roughly rectangular head
nest. As the tape comes up again, the
right -hand pinch roller takes hold and
sends the tape out in the direction of the
take -up reel. Both pinch rollers contact
the same capstan, and hence there's
not the battle over which capstan will
"win" that you find in some dual- capstan
designs. The capstan and the left pinch
roller are gently "stepped" in profile, providing two effective diameters. The left
pinch roller contacts the inner diameter
of the capstan, while the right pinch roller rides on the outer capstan diameter.
The resulting differential in surface velocity controls tape tension across the
heads quite precisely, and the whole
concept makes for an absolute minimum
of unsupported tape in the head region.
never expect to hear a user of an Iso loop transport complain of scrape flutter
or other unsupported -tape problems.
It nearly brought tears to my eyes to
visit 3M some weeks ago and find numerous Iso-loop transports designed for
I/ -inch tapa in constant use, and none
of them available to the consumer. But
there's a bit of consolation to be had in
the fact that, last year, Technics /Panasonic introduced the RS- 15000S, a machine whose transport is the Iso -loop
I
Diagram of the Technics

RS- 1500US, showing
that company's version
of the /so-loop.
Tension Rollers
Tape Position Marker
Double Pinch Rollers

VU Meters (left /right)
Ultra -Large (34 mm) Diameter Capstan

Timer Start Switch
Pitch Control
Power Switch (on /off)
Tape Speed Selector
Meter Scale Selector

Mic Attenuator Switch
Cue (Edit) Lever
Real Time Tape Counter
2- 'rack /4 -Track Playback Head Switch
Stroboscope Lamp and Markers

Reversing Roller
Equalizer Selector
Biss Selector
Headphone Jack
Recording Mode Switches (left /right)
Microphone Jacks
Monitor Switches (left /right)

Output Level Control(left /right)
Edit Dial
Line -in Level Control (left /right)
Pre -Set Markers
Mic Level Control (left /right)
20
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
Some guys rely on their 2 -way radios more than others.

When you've made 2 -way radios as
long as Motorola, the result is a radio with
a difference you can hear.
Fighting a fire takes tough men. And

tough equipment. Equipment like the
Motorola 2 -way radios carried by so many
fire fighters.
Today you can own a 2 -way radio with
many of the engineering principles that go
into Motorola professional radios.
You can own a Motorola CB.
Features like gain control, audio compression, and noise limiting are built in,
fully automatic.
So a Motorola CB is exceptionally
simple to operate. Yet offers outstanding
talk/listen performance.
A top -fire 3%2 -inch professional quality speaker produces an audio
fidelity that must be heard to be fully
appreciated.
A power mic that doesn't require
batteries, that doesn't cost extra, is
standard equipment.
Whether you're
fighting a fire.
Or fighting
the traffic
home.
From the voice of experience in 2 -way radio.

To find the dealer nearest you, write: Customer Relations Manager, Motorola Inc., Automotive Products Division, 1299 East Algonquin Rd., Schaumburg, Illinois 60196.
Motorola is a registered trademark of Motorola Inc.
CIRCLE
NO
37
ON
FREE
INFORMATION
CARO
You gotta
shop around.
When you do,you'll probably pick CIE.

You can't afford to settle for
less when it comes to something like
electronics training that could
affect your whole life.
22
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
hen you shop around for

tires, you look for a bargain. After all, if it's the same
brand, better price why not
save money?
you learn and review the basics
perform dozens of experiments.

Plus, you use a 3 -in -1 precision
Multimeter to learn testing,
checking, analyzing!
Education's different.
There's no such thing as "same
brand." No two schools are
alike. And, once you've made

your choice, the training you
get stays with you for the rest
of your life.
So, shop around for your
training. Not for the bargain.
For the best. Thorough, professional training to help give you
pride and confidence.
* * *
If you talked to some of our
graduates, chances are you'd
find a lot of them shopped
around for their training. They
pretty much knew what was
available. And they picked CIE
as number one.
Why you should

shop around yourself.
We hope you'll shop around.

Because, frankly, CIE isn't for
everyone.
There are other options
for the hobbyist. If you're the
ambitious type with serious
career goals in electronics
take a close look at what
we've planned for you at CIE.
What you should look
for first.
Part of what makes electronics so interesting is it's

based on scientific discoveries
on ideas! So the first thing to
look for is a program that starts
with ideas and builds on them!
That's what happens with
CIE's Auto -Programmed
Lessons. Each lesson takes one
or two principles and helps you
master them before you
start using them!
How practical
is the training?
This is the next big important question. After all, your

career will be built on what you
can do and on how
well you do it.
Here are
ways some
of CIE's
troubleshooting
programs
help you get
your "hands -on"
training ..
.
With CIE's
Experimental
Electronics
Laboratory...
AUGUST 1977
simply this:
All this training takes

effort. But you'll enjoy it. And
it's a real plus for a troubleshooting career!
Do you prepare for
your FCC License?
Avoid regrets later. Check

this out before you enroll in
When you build your

own 5 MHz TriggeredSweep, Solid -State Oscil-
loscope you take your first
real professional step. You use

it as a doctor uses an X -ray
machine to "read" waveform
patterns ... lock them in ..
study, understand and interpret them!
When you get your
.
Zenith 19 -inch Diagonal

Solid -State Color TV you
any program.
For some troubleshooting
jobs, you must have your FCC
License. For others, employers
often consider it a mark in your
favor. Either way, it's government- certified proof of specific
knowledge and skills!
More than half of CIE's
courses prepare you for the
government-administered FCC
License exam. In continuing
surveys, nearly 4 out of 5 CIE
graduates who take the exam
get their Licenses!
Shop around ...but send

for CIE's free school
catalog first:
Mail the card. If it's gone,

cut out and mail the coupon. If
you prefer to write, mention the name and date
of this magazine. We'll
send you a copy of CIE's
FREE school catalog
plus a complete package of independent
home study information!
For your convenience,
we'll try to have a representative contact you to
answer your questions.
Mail the card or coupon
Pattern sinwi:uai.
or write: CIE, 1776 East
apply your new skills to some
17th St., Cleveland,
real on-the-job-type troubleOH 44114.
shooting! You learn to trace
signal flow... locate malfuncE
tions ... restore perfect operating standards just as with any
ECleveland Institute
1ICI
of Electronics, Inc.
sophisticated electronics
st 17th street. Cleveland. Ohio 44114
equipment!
_-
Accredited Member National Nome Study Council
YES . . . I'm shopping around
When
you work with a completely

Solid-State Color
Bar Generator
actually a TV signal
transmitter you study
up to ten different
patterns on your TV
screen ... explore digital logic circuits ... observe
the action of a crystal -controlled oscillator!
Of course, CIE offers a
more advanced training program, too. But the main point is
for the right kind of career training

in electronics troubleshooting -and
CIE sounds well worth looking into.
Please send me my FREE CIE school
catalog including details about
troubleshooting courses -plus my
FREE package of home study
information!
PE_40
Print Name
Address
Apt.
_.
f' it)/
1
1
State
.1ge
Zip
Phone
(area code )
Check box for G.I._Bill information:

11 Veteran
Active Duty
1 Mail today:
25
If your cartridge is
more than three years old,
don't replace your
stylus!
(except that pinch rollers of different

hardness composition are used instead
of the stepped pinch roller and capstan
arrangement). As far as can tell from
my brief experience with the Technics
deck, the trick of creating tape tension
across the heads with hard and soft
pinch rollers works reliably, but regret
that have no firm numbers to report.
The trend of the moment, of course, is
to eliminate pinch rollers entirely, a goal
being pursued in the professional field
by Ampex (the ATR -100) and in the consumer area by Uher with its recently introduced Omega drive. The benefits of
pinch -rollerless drive are difficult to describe in a 'ew sentences, so the subject
is best put aside until the time when the
trend is more fully established. However, be aware that it seems to be the
coming thing.
I
Don't get us wrong. There is nothing worse

'han playing your records w th a worn stylus.
And no better way to restore your old unit tc its
original glory than a new diamond.
But frankly, there have beer significant strides
made recently in the phono cartridge field.
And the new cartridges of today stand head
and shoulders above even tie finest of a few
short years ago.
-lere's the choice: Ge- fresh -but outdated

oerforrrance with a replacement stylus, or enjoy
all the oenefits of modern cartridge research
and development for just a few dollars more.
You'll find that you can update your system
-or far ':ess than you might imagine. Its probably
-he most dramatic single improvement you can
PCM. But once again, who cares about

sophisticated tape transports if he can
have a nonanalog recording system that
pays no attention to speed irregularities? Pulse -code modulation (PCM), although not a digital recording technique
in any strict sense, is independent of recorded signal strength (and hence tape
noise). It is also potentially independent
of tape -speed irregularities.
It consists of a series of uniform amplitude pulses (on tape or any other
recording medium) that define the analog signal original y picked up by the microphones. They are "metered" by an
electronic clock in the playback system
to eliminate any time errors. So far as
know, there is ro standard "code" to
which audio PCM systems adhere. Duration and spacing of the pulses are the
data that the recording generally provides, and these variables are "interpreted" as the designer of the overall
system sees fit.
Don't look now, but consumer PCM
recorders are virtually right on top of us.
Sony has announced an adapter for the
Betamax video- cartridge deck that will
convert it into an audio PCM recorder.
Another highly esteemed tape- machine
manufacturer (I'm not free to name
names just now) has halted all work on
its latest open -reel creation to convert it
to PCM. The conviction here is that PCM
is the only possible (immediate) future
for tape, and that a properly designed
conventional audio recorder can do the
make.
or instance, Audio -Technic a offers Universal
cartridges equipped wit:n a genuine Shibata
stylus and our uniquely effective Dual Magnet
system beginning at just $75.00 list. Or you can
replace your present cartridge with a fresh new
Audio -Technica cartridge with highly- polished
elliptical tip for as little as $45.00 list.
ATME
AT12Sa
A-13Ea
AT15Sa.
$45.00
$75.00
$65.00
$125.00
Are these new models worth the difference?

Absolutely. You'll be amazed at what you hear
from today's generation of phono cartridges.
Improved frequency response. Lower distortion.
Better separation. Less record wear. Truly
better sound.
A new Audio- Technica cartridge.
Your best value in hi -fi.
AUDIO-TECHNICA U.S., INC., Dept. 87P, 33 Shlawassee Avenue, Fairlawn, Ohic

Available ..n Canada from Superior Electronics, Inc.
26
44 313
job quite nicely, thank you.

It's apparent from the foregoing that
tape recording, after these four imminent developments have materialized,
will never oe the same again. So let's
gird our loins for the onslaught.
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
editor are included free with purchase.

'Process Control Interface -A PC card that uses optically
isolated inputs and relay outputs that transmit sensory
information to and control signals from the computer. A
diverse world of control applications is opened up wit
the Altair 680b -PCI.
':Ùnversal Input /Output Board -If your I/O needs excee
the serial port already on the main board, augment your
I/O channels with the 680.b -UI /O. By ';mplementing the
optional serial port and two parallel ports, you can simultaneously interface to four
terminals.
Powerful in computing muscle, yet

small in physical size, the Altair'"'680b offers many
special features at an affordable price. Based
on the 6800 microprocessor, the 680b comes with 1K
of static RAM, Serial I/O port, PROM monitor and
provisions for 1K of PROM as standard components.
It s good thinking, when you're interested in making a
modest investment on a highly reliable computer,
to consider the Altair 680b.
Our PROM monitor eliminates the necessity for toggling
front panel switches to load
bootstraps or manipulate
memory contents. Only a
Addition- Kansas City
'`New
terminal and programming

language are required for
complete system operation.
With Altair System software
Altair 680 BASIC, assembler
and text editor -you may
begin problem solving
immediately with ease.
By adding the 680b -MB
xpander card, many options
are currently avaiable:
''16K Static Memory Board
Increase your system memory
with 16K bytes of fast access
(215 ns), low power (5 watts
per board) static RAM. 680
BASIC and assembler /text
IAudio Cassette Interface
Use the 6805 -KCACR to interface your A tair 680b with an

audio cassette recorder for
inexpensive mass storage of
programmirg languages, programs and data.
Available in either full front
panel or turnkey models, the
Altair 680b presents many
'
:..
computing capabilities at a
low cost -without skimping
on performance. See it today
at your local Altair Computer
Center or contact the factor
for further details.
poo CILflirfa
Good Thinking
All
At
A9
A7
A8
A5
A4
M.
2450 Alamo S.E.

CIRCLE
NO
36
ON
FREE
INFORMA -ION
CARD
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106

dealer inquiries invited.
We've just made the impossible...

a professional
31/2
digit DMM Kit for less than $60.
The Sabtronics Model 2000 is an impossible $59.95!

And that price still includes phenomenal accuracy, range
and professional features.
This all -new bench /portable multimeter, reading to
1999, has a basic accuracy of 0.1% 1 digit, and has
five functions giving 28 ranges, 100% overrange and
overload protection. So you know it's no toy!
Besides, what toys are as automatic as the 2000? With
automatic overrange indication, automatic polarity,
even automatic zeroing!
Yet the 2000 is easy to assemble. We send you all the
parts you need, even the high- impact case. We also send
you clear, step -by -step assembly instructions.
So you end up with a professional quality 31/2 digit
DMM for the unheard -of price of less than $60. From
Sabtronics, spec'alists in digital technology. And
manufacturers of the impossible.
Order yours today!
Sabtronics
Made in U.S.A.
INTERNATIONAL INC.
P.O.
Box
64683
Dallas, Texas
GUARANTEE:
Our guarantee to you; examine the 2000
DMM kit for 10 days. If you're not satisfied,
return it unassembled for a full refund of
purchase price.
75206 (214) 369 -7310

r
To: Sabtronics International, Inc.
P.O. Box 64683, Dallas, TX 75206
Please send me
Sabtronics Model 2000 DMM kit(s) at
$59.95 each.
SPECIFICATIONS: (condensed)
DC volts in 5 ranges: 100V to 1000V.
AC volts in 5 ranges: 100V to 1000V.
DC current in 6 ranges: 10nA to 2A.
AC current in 6 ranges: 10nA to 2A.
Resistance in 6 ranges: 112 to 20MS2
Input Impedance: 10M12
Display: 9mm (.36") LED.
Power requirements: 4.5 VDC to 6.5 VDC
(4 "C" celas - not included).
Size: 8 "W x 6.5 "D x 3.0 "H
subtotal
Shipping and Handling, S5.00 per unit*
subtotal
Texas Residents Add Sales Tax
TOTAL enclosed
Name
Street Address
City
lip
State
(203W x 165D x 76H mm).
'USA only. Canada, $6.50 All Other Countries, s i 0.00

28
E8
CIFCLE
NO.
65
ON
FREE
IN FORMATION
CARD
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
Julian Hirsch
Audio Reports
HIRSCH HOUCK LABORATORIES
IS THERE A DIGITAL FM TUNER?
Tn recent years, several FM tuners and receivers

have been acclaimed as being "digital" components. In this context, "digital" is a catch -word that
(with apologies to Lewis Carroll) usually means just
what its writer intends it to mean; no more, and no
less.
The most obvious external feature of a digital tuner
is its frequency display, which is usually the only digital feature it has. Instead of a tuning dial calibrated
with an accuracy that may range from the barely acceptable to the unusable, the tuner frequency is displayed via glowing digits to the nearest 0.1 MHz (or
10 kHz on AM, if that feature is included). In its simplest form, a digital FM tuner uses a frequency counter to measure its local oscillator frequency, subtract
10.7 MHz, and display the difference. Such a tuner
(the Heath Model AR -1515 receiver, reviewed in this
issue, is a good example) still requires a tuning meter
as an aid to finding the exact center of the channel,
since the digital display cannot resolve closer than
100 kHz. Normally the display blanks out "even"
numbered channels (for example, it will go directly
from 96.1 to 96.3 MHz) since all channel assignments
in this country are on "odd" frequencies.
The advantages of the counter -type frequency display to the user are its improved accuracy and visibility at a distance. The designer's job is easier because
he does not need a linear tuning characteristic, or
even any sort of reproduceable tuning characteristic.
However, the same stability and overall tuning ease
are required as for any ordinary tuner.
Another type of digital tuning system uses a frequency synthesizer instead of a free -running oscillator. As a rule, a phase -lock loop (PLL) locks the local
oscillator to a stable crystal oscillator. The PLL is an
analog circuit, but considerable digital circuitry is required in the frequency dividers that reduce the frequency of the local oscillator to where it can be compared with the reference signal. And, of course, this
type of tuner has digital counter and display circuits
as well (although this function could be handled easily by several selector switches like those used to select channels on 144 -MHz Amateur FM transceivers).
A synthesized tuner behaves quite differently from
one that has a free -running oscillator with a frequency counter display. The synthesized signal moves in
discrete steps, usually 200 kHz in this country. (Some
European synthesized tuners use 50-kHz steps to
accommodate the channel assignments used there.)
AUGUST 1977
A tuning meter is not required, since the oscillator
frequency is generated -and known-with far more

accuracy than could be achieved by any manual tuning means.
A synthesizer can be programmed to generate any
frequency within its range. The most striking example of this (and still the only unit of its kind) is the
Heath Model AJ -1510A FM tuner. Any frequency in
the FM band can be selected by sequentially pressing
the calculator -type keys on its panel. This tuner and
some others made in past years also can be programmed with punched cards to go immediately to
the selected frequency when a card is inserted in a
slot in the panel. (Heath's tuner can hold three cards,
which can be selected by push buttons.) For scanning
a band of frequencies, synthesized oscillators can be
swept electronically (in discrete steps, although this
is not obvious to the user), or tuned electrically by a
conventional knob. The Revox tuner covers the FM
band in 50 -kHz steps as its knob is rotated, as an example.
The next step up in digital complexity is the use of
a microprocessor in a tuner. So far, the only such application we know of is in a new "super tuner" announced by Sherwood but not yet available for sale at
this writing. Not only the frequencies, but the call letters, of selected stations can be made to appear on its
alphanumeric display. We will undoubtedly see other, even more imaginative, applications of digital circuitry to tuner displays in the near future.
Of course, none of these novel and intriguing applications of digital electronics to FM tuners affect its
sound. And since they all add to the cost, one is
spending a portion of the product's cost for cosmetic
appeal in many cases, and for repeatable tuning accuracy in other instances.
Are there any actual digital circuits used in the
functional portions of the tuner? There are a few easily overlooked ones because they are within a single
circuit block or IC chip whose function is basically
analog. In a multiplex demodulator, for example,
there are frequency dividers to produce 38- and 19kHz signals from a 76 -kHz voltage -controlled oscillator (vco). For that matter, digital techniques have
been used for decades in FM detection to give the
greatest linearity. The discriminator, or ratio detector, is one of the sources of distortion in an FM tuner.
It should be perfectly linear, with a voltage output
proportional to signal frequency. Any nonlinearity
29
creates distortion in the audio signal from the tuner.

Most discriminators depend on a resonant circuit for
their operation. This circuit can be linear over only a
limited band of frequencies and never perfectly linear from a theoretical standpoint.
For many years, the counter -type detector'_7as been
recognized as the most linear form of FM demodulator. In the ideal case, it would generate a single very short pulse of constant width and amplitude every
time the incoming signal waveform crosses the zero voltage axis. The average value of these pulses,
emerging in a train from the detector, is proportional
only to the number of pulses occurring in a unit of
time (that is, to the frequency of the incoming signal).
Since the pulse amplitude is also independent of the
signal amplitude, this type of detector is also an effective limiter.
In practice, a true counter detector is too expensive
to use in a consumer -type FM tuner, although it is
found in some laboratory instruments. Less expensive versions have been developed, some of which
are found in recent products from Sherwood and
Heath (the Heath AR -1515 has such a detector).
Another digital circuit in an FM tuner is in its interstation noise muting system. This is literally a "go/
no -go" circuit that responds to one or more of the internal tuner parameters that depend on the presence,
frequency, or strength of a signal. These include the
discriminator output and limiter voltages and

high- frequency random noise in the detector output.
In the more sophisticated muting systems, a logic circuit monitors all these voltages and passes the audio
signals only when they indicate that a signal of receivable quality is in the tu-ier's pass band. The "digital" character of the final muting action may range
from none at all (a gradual reduction of signal level
with strength) to total (a reed relay that opens or
shorts the audio).
Aside from these idealized examples, the very nature of FM reception is analog rather than digital. So
when you read about a "digital" tuner, remember
that this applies, at most, only to the generation of its
local oscillator signal or, mere probably, only to the
display of its frequency. It is still less expensive to
make an accurately calibrated tuning dial that's readable to 100 kHz than to incorporate a frequency
counter into an FM tuner. Nevertheless, so few companies have ever made a serious effort to achieve
"slide- rule" dial tuning accuracy (this is one tuner
parameter that has absolutely no relationship to the
selling price of the product) that we assume digital
numeric displays will eventually take over this function. As dropping prices of digital IC's and display
components eliminate the economic advantage of a
tuning dial, we can expect digital tuner displays to
become common at all price levels in a few years. O
HEATH MODEL AR-1515 AM STEREO FM RECEIVER

Complete integrated tuner /control center/amplifier has digital display.
The Model AR1515 AM /stereo

FM receiver that
tops Heath's hi -fi
receiver lineup is
derived, at least in part, from the highly
versatile Modulus introduced a couple of
years ago. For example, both have digital numeric AM /FM frequency displays
instead of a tuning "dial" and most circuits are built on swing -up, plug-in pc
boards. (In fact, the optional FM Dolby
decoder in both cases is identical.)
Where the two differ is in the fact that the
Model AR -1515 is a complete integrated
tuner /control center /amplifier, while the
Modulus is basically a tuner /control cen30
ter to which external power amplifiers

must be added. The new digital receiver
is rated to deliver a minimum of 70
watts/ channel into 8 ohms with less
than 0.08% THD from 20 to 20,000 Hz.
The Model AR -1515 receiver measures 211/2'W x 15 "D x 61/4"H (54.6 x
38.1 x 15.9 cm) and weighs 35.8 lb
(16.3 kg). Available only in kit form, it is
catalog priced at $549.95. The optional
Model AD-1504 FM Dolby decoder kit is
$39.95.
General Description. The numeric

display is really what makes this a "digital" receiver. The c/" (12.7 -mm) red LED
seven -segment display indicates FM
frequencies to the nearest 0.1 -MHz, displaying only the odd -numbered channels used in the U.S., and to the nearest
10 -kHz on AM. The display and its decoder /driver circuits are located behind
a rectangular "dial" area at the left of the
front panel. The dial area is covered with
a window that appears as a dead black
area when the receiver is turned off.
Also behind the window are two meters that indicate relative signal strength
on AM and FM and center -channel tuning on FM. The meters are lit in soft
blue -green when the tuners are in use.
Other illuminated legends that appear
on the window identify the program
source selected (AUX, TAPE, AM, FM,
PHONO 1, and PHONO 2), the mode
(MONO or 2cH), and the presence of a
stereo FM PILOT during reception.
To the left of the dial window is the
pushbutton POWER switch. When the
power is on, no discrete power indicator
comes on Instead the numeric display
lights up when the receiver is set to
either tuner or at least one of the other
legends is illuminated when the tuners
are not selected to indicate the power on status.
To the right of the dial window area
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
filters, IC stages for gain and limiting,

and an IC digital detector. The multiplex
decoder uses a phase -locked -loop
(PLL) IC.
+10
AUDIO OUTPUT
0 dB =1 VOLT
1: TAPE-OUTPUT JACKS
IHF USABLE SENSITIVITY

(1.9yV)
STEREO 17d6f(4.0VV)
-20
w
40
-60
-70
4.- -r
50dB QUIETING SENSITIVITY
MON0:10.8dBf (1.91,V1AT 3.2%THD
STEREO' 35dBf(30yV)AT0.45%THD.
- 80
..;...
MONO
---STEREOT
-90
0
10
20
30
40
50
INPUT dBf
70
60
90
80
100
Noise a.o.d sensitivity curves for FM section of receiver.

amining the rear panel of the receiver,
on which the polarities are plainly
marked. (The plugs can go into the connector blocks in only one direction).
Among the input and output connectors provided are separate preamplifieroutput and power amplifier -input jacks
that are normally linked together by external jumpers. Vertical and horizontal
outputs are also provided for using an
oscilloscope as a multipath indicator. A
300- or a 75 -ohm FM antenna can be
hooked up to the receiver via screw -type
terminals, while a phono jack is used for
the shielded coaxial AM loop antenna
used with the receiver. (Materials are
provided in the kit for making the anten-
are all the primary controls, arranged in

a horizontal row. These include the TUNING control, MODE and source SELECTOR
switches, and the VOLUME control. All
less- frequently used controls are located along the lower portion of the front
panel and hidden behind a narrow panel
that hinges down to allow access to
them. At the left is a headphone jack for
private listening. This is followed by separate pushbuttons that switch in and out
two sets of speaker systems. The next
two buttons allow switching in and out
Low and HI audio filters. Next come
three small controls, with knobs that are
the same size and shape as those on
the pushbutton switches. These are for
adjusting the BASS, TREBLE, and BAL-
na.)
The power transistors and their large
heat sinks are mounted on the sides of
the receiver, flush with the rear apron.
ANCE.
After the rotary controls come seven

pushbutton switches: TONE FLAT bypasses the tone controls; LouD compensates the response at reduced volume
levels; SQUELCH DEFEAT; BLEND reduces noise on weak stereo FM signals;
DOLBY for decoding Dolby- enoded FM
broadcasts when the optional Dolby
module is included; TAPE MON (monitor);
and TAPE DUBBING. The TAPE DUBBING
switch is used with the two TAPE DUBBING jacks located to its right. The jacks
are labelled IN and OUT. They can be
used to patch a second tape deck into
the system (in addition to a deck connected to the terminals on the rear of the
receiver). Programs can be dubbed from
either deck to the other or copied on
either or both decks from a selected program source.
The speaker outputs on the rear
apron use Heath's proprietary polarized
connectors that are designed to simplify
installation and eliminate phasing errors.
Since there are no markings on the
plugs themselves, the "hot" and ground
terminals can be identified only by exAUGUST 1977
Wooden walnut- finished side panels

decorate the sides between the heat
sinks and front panel.
The FM tuner has a preassembled
and tested front end containing two
MOSFET r -f amplifiers and four tuned
circuits. The oscillator frequency is divided by eight before being counted for display on the numeric frequency display.
The FM i -f amplifier has two shielded LC
0111111
iO
011111
.D
1111111
111111
111111 11111
>O
o
o
50
40
AVERAGE T BOTH CHANNELS
,''IIII
NM
1i,'1111111\
111111
M/11111
CROSSTALK
\,. _.nlIMII U111111

ROSST
50
U1111II
FREQUENCY
IN
Hz
Frequency and crosstalk

a re rage for both channels.
1
11
111111
HEATH AR -1515
Laboratory Measurements. Our

test receiver was built from a kit and
aligned in accordance with instructions
without the use of external test equipment. Since we found that the measured
performance of the receiver after assembly and alignment without instruments generally matched or surpassed
its ratings, we did not attempt to make
any improvements by instrument alignment.
After the one -hour preconditioning period at one -third rated power, the heat
sinks were fairly warm but not uncomfortable to the touch. The rest of the receiver was quite cool. (In normal service, the hottest part of the cabinet is directly over the numeric display and its
three IC drivers.) The outputs clipped at
78 watts /channel with both channels
driving 8 -ohm loads at 1000 Hz. The 4ohm output was 122 watts, and the 16ohm power was 59 watts.
The 1000 Hz THD was between
0.006% and 0.01% from 0.1 to 30 watts
output. It increased to 0.014% at the rated 70 watts and to 0.017% at 75 watts.
The intermodulation (IM) distortion was
between 0.02% and 0.1% for all outputs
from 20 mW to 75 watts output.
At the rated output into 8 ohms, the
THD was about 0.015% in the midrange
and less than 0.05% from 20 to 20,000
Hz. At half power and less, the characteristic was similar and the distortion remained between those limits. The input
required for a 10 -watt reference output
was 55 mV through the AUX inputs and
0.63 mV through the PHONO inputs. The
respective S/N measurements were 85
and 77 dB (unweighted), both of which
are exceptional figures. The phono input
overloaded at a very safe 125 mV.
The tone control characteristics were
excellent, with the bass control turnover
frequency shifting from well below 100
Hz to about 300 Hz as the control was
moved from center and the treble response hinging at about 5000 Hz. Except at the extreme settings of the controls, the midrange response was hardly
affected. The filters had the desirable
(and rarely found) 12 dB /octave cutoff
slopes, with their -3 -dB response frequencies being 5000 and 22 Hz. The
loudness compensation boosted both
low and high frequencies to such a moderate degree that the feature was actually useful.
The RIAA phono equalization was as
31
1111
- - - - 60/7000
170
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION

A 7 4 .11 114 DISTORTION
Emu=
MINIMS
HEATH AR-1515
HEATH AR -1515
----
REFERENCE POWER (70w1

HALF POWER (-3001
POWER I-10dB)
-LOW
EMI
EMU
7.2
7111
IO11MI111
\ 11
ti11rIIIIMY.a'
MilD EMMA=
IIII.Otlt
1111
H1111
01
01
__--O'
AMINE
YIM
11I1plPO+!'JGI
---
,1111
=M11101111111
oYY
.005
JIM
.0
002
01
0.2
05
10
20
50
00
CONTINUOUS AND EQUIVALENT

SINE -WAVE POWER OUTPUT PER CHANNEL IN WATTS
.0
12
Total harmonic distortion and 60/7000 -Hz distortion.

accurate as our test instruments could
measure, with 0.5 dB from 25 to
20,000 Hz. It was immune to cartridge
inductance, which changed the frequency response by less than 0.5 dB in the
10,000 -to-20,000 -Hz range. This is a result of the use of op -amps for the phono
preamplifiers, which maintain good isolation between the signal input and the
feedback components that determine
the frequency response.
The FM tuner was as "hot" as any we
have tested. The mono IHF sensitivity
and 50 -dB quieting sensitivity both measured 10.8 dBf (1.9 V). In stereo, the
IHF sensitivity was 17 dBf (4.0 V), and
the 50 -dB quieting sensitivity was 35 dBf
(30 V) with 0.45% THD. The ultimate
THD at a 65 -dBf (1000 V) input was
0.24% in mono and 0.34% in stereo.
The respective S/N measurements
were 70.5 and 63 dB. The stereo THD,
with L
modulation, was 1.1% at 100
Hz, 0.63% at 1000 Hz, and 0.07% at
6000 Hz.
The FM capture ratio of 1.7 dB was
fair by current standards, though the 72dB AM rejection figure was well above
average. Image rejection was a very
good 100 dB, and was barely within the
range of our test equipment. Alternate channel selectivity was also very good
at 83.7 dB, and adjacent- channel selectivity was 11.8 dB. The muting threshold,
as set by the kit builder, was at 21 dBf (6
V), which was a suitable setting for
most purposes (the threshold is adjustable during the alignment of the receiver). Unlike most FM receivers, the
AR -1515 does not automatically switch
from stereo to mono when the signal
strength drops below a certain level. If a
stereo signal is heard with too much
noise, the user has merely to set the
MODE switch to MONO. This does not
-R
32
200
FREQUENCY IN
500
11R2
iz (CYCLES
270z
5707
PER SECOND)
11
10MRx
xR
Harmonic distortion at three power levels.
affect the FM PILOT indicator on the panel, so that one is always aware that a
transmission is in stereo, even if it is being heard in mono.
The FM frequency response was almost perfectly flat from 30 to 10,000 Hz
and was down 1.4 dB at 15,000 Hz. The
19 -kHz pilot carrier in the audio outputs
was suppressed to -62 dB. FM tuner
hum was -70 dB. Stereo crosstalk was
about -47 dB at 400 Hz, increasing
smoothly to -28 dB at 30 Hz and to
-23.5 dB at 15,000 Hz. Both channels
were identical in this respect, and the
adjustment of the separation control on
the multiplex board (its only alignment
adjustment) was completely noncritical.
When i- is set so that the FM PILOT light
comes on, the separation is automatically optimum. The only measurement
made on the AM tuner was for frequency
response, which (like that of the Heath
Modulus) was excellent. It was within
1 dB from 20 to 4000 Hz, and down 6
dB at about 6600 Hz, after which it
dropped off steeply to -30 dB at 10,000
Hz and beyond. (The usual AM "whistles" are effectively eliminated in this
tuner.)
User Comment. Assembling the
100
50
20
re-
ceiver was a time- consuming but by no

means a difficult job. The kit builder
spent some 41 hours assembling,
checking out, and adjusting the receiver.
An additional two hours were spent on
assembling the tester that comes with
the receiver and the optional Dolby
noise -reduction module.
As usual, a great deal of credit must
be given to Heath's excellent assembly
manual and the use of wiring harnesses
with prepared wire ends (including sockets for the pc modules) for the ease with
which this kit went together. Each sub-
assembly that makes up the receiver

was packaged in its own box, which
made the kit -building job appear more
like an exercise in assembling a number
of mini -kits. Too, the mechanical portions of the receiver seemed to fall into
place, so easily did they line up and fasten together.
In many respects this receiver's performance is in keeping with the better
manufactured receivers on the market
today in its price range. In almost all other respects, the receiver would rank
from good to excellent. Only in a couple
of measurements did it fall short of what
we have come to expect from an expensive, deluxe receiver. Judged by its actual off -the-air performance and sound
quality, the receiver can hardly be faulted. Moreover, we know of no other
stereo receiver that can match its AM
quality.
The concept of an uncluttered front
panel, with only the principal controls exposed to view, is an admirable one.
Heath has come very close to achieving
this goal in the AR -1515. It missed its full
realization, however, by putting the MONO /STEREO switch on the main panel
with a knob equal in size to the TUNING,
VOLUME, and input SELECTOR controls.
The tuning rate is unusually fast. Only
about five turns of the tuning knob are
needed to cover the entire FM band.
The actual "feel" of the tuning is very different fron the freely- moving flywheel
mechanises of other tuners and receivers, but it is very smooth, positive, and
With hinged front panel open, minor

controls and jacks are shown.
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
noncritical. The digital "dial" leaves no

doubt as to which channel the receiver is
tuned to, of course, and there is no detectable frequency drift, even from a
cold start. The tuning is non -critical for
optimum noise, distortion, and stereo
separation characteristics, so that centering the tuning meter assures that the
receiver is doing its best job. Interstation
FM muting is positive and noise -free, except for a slight "click" as it goes in and
out of action. Also, this receiver is one of
the very few to have really effective audio filters.
The AR -1515 receiver is certainly flex-
ible enough for any reasonable listening

situation and will easily hold its own with
any receiver in sheer listening quality. If
THORENS MODEL TD -126C RECORD PLAYER

Has low-mass tonearm and electronic belt- driven turntable.
The new Model

TD -126C
high performance record player from
Thorens features
the company's very-low-mass "Isotrack"
tonearm and an electronic belt- driven
turntable. It is also one of the very few
modern turntables to offer the 78 -rpm
speed as well as the more commonly
available 33 1/3- and 45 -rpm speeds.
The platter and tonearm are isolated
from the base on which the motor controls are mounted by a highly compliant
spring suspension.
The record player is supplied on a
black base with silver accents and
comes with a hinged plastic dust cover.
It measures 19%8 "W x 151/2"D x 63/4'H
(50.5 x 39.4 x 17.1 cm) and weighs 34
lb (15.5 kg). Price is $625. Additional
plug -in tonearms are $15.00 each.
General Description. The gimbal
pi-
vots support a 9" (23 -cm) straight tubular lightweight aluminum tonearm. Anti skating compensation is applied by opposing magnetic fields and can be adjusted by turning a knob on the side of
the pivot housing. Four antiskating
scales cover the use of conical and elliptical styli on dry and wet (lubricated) record surfaces.
A large part of the effective mass of a
AUGUST 1977
tonearm is in the plug -in cartridge shell

and its locking hardware found in most
record -player systems. Thorens has
eliminated the usual cartridge shell with
the result that the end of the tonearm
contains only a plastic T that is just large
enough to permit mounting a cartridge
through its '/" (12.7 -mm) spaced holes
and a light metal finger lift
For cartridge installation and interchanging, the entire tonearm plugs into
and unplugs from a socket that resembles the four -pin type used in most conventional tonearms at the cartridge shell
end. The socket is located only about
21/2" (6.35 cm) from the pivot, where its
mass is much more tolerable than it
would be if it were on the end of the
tonearm. The removable tonearm (additional arms are available for installing
other cartridges) is furnished in a plastic
storage container that also serves as a
jig for aligning and orienting the phono
cartridge.
The 7 -lb (3.2 -kg) cast nonferrous platter is driven by a 16 -pole synchronous
motor. The speed of the motor is controlled by a stable Wein -bridge oscillator. A vernier control is provided for adjusting the speeds over a nominal 6%
range.
The controls for the turntable are located in a row across the top front of the
base. The suspended portion of the rec-
the pleasure of building your own receiver is a factor, (it requires considerable
time to assemble, but it goes together
without a snag), this receiver represents
a fine choice since the end result from
both a performance and aesthetic view
would make any builder proud to claim it
as his handiwork.
CIRCLE
NO
90
ON
FREE
INFORMATION
CARD
ord player lies behind the controls so

that operation of the controls does not
jar the pickup. A knob at the left is for
turning on and off the power to the turntable. The speed is selected by pressing
lightly one of three flat rectangular
plates. The outer edge of the selected
speed plate lights up. (When the turntable is initially turned on, the 331-rpm
speed is automatically selected.)
To the right of the speed -selector
plates is the stroboscope window that
provides a view of the illuminated markings on the bottom of the platter. A
speed vernier control near the window
can be used to adjust each speed, referred to its own set of stroboscope
markings. Although a single Vernier
speed control is provided, when one
speed is accurately set, the others are
also correctly set. To the right of the vernier control is the mode selector that
provides the user with a choice of fully
manual operation, automatic tonearm lift
at the end of play, or automatic tonearm
lift and motor shutoff at end of play.
Next come three flat plates, similar to
those used for speed selection. The first
plate, whose edge lights up when power
is first applied, is a shutoff control that,
when activated, lifts the tonearm and removes power from the motor. The next
plate turns on the motor but does not
lower the tonearm; it can be used as a
cueing arm lift when a record is being
played. The last plate turns on the motor
and lowers the pickup; it is the cueing
descent control when a record is on the
turntable. Very little force and almost no
travel are required to activate any of the
plate controls. For the automatic end -ofplay tonearm lift, an electric velocity sensor detects the rapid movement of the
tonearm in the eccentric groove and triggers the lift circuit. It does so without imposing any additional load on the tone arm or cartridge.
Laboratory Measurements. We
tested the record player with a Shure
Model M95ED cartridge installed in its
tonearm. After adjusting the cartridge as
accurately as possible with the plastic
33
storage container /setup jig, we found

that the apparent tracking error was
larger than we had expected it to be. Investigating further, we discovered that it
was difficult to measure the tracking error with our stylus protractor because of
the shape of the tonearm. (No cartridge
shell surfaces are tangent to the record
groove.) On the reasonable assumption
that the almost contant 2 error that we
found was a measurement problem
rather than a true tracking error, we determined that the tonearm has a near
zero error over most of the record surface and a maximum of 0.5 /in. near the
outside of the record.
When we balanced the tonearm so
that the stylus was just above the surface (this according to instructions), the
tracking force was high by 0.25 gram at
all settings of the pressure dial. We
readjusted the balance for a correct
reading with the force dial set to 1 gram
and found that the calibration was accurate over the entire 0.5 -to -3 -gram range
of The dial. However, the tonearm balanced with the sty,us about '/z" above
the surface of the record.
When we measured the mass of the
tonearm with a calibrated spring driven
by a small loudspeaker motor, it was 9.8

grams (after subtracting the 6 -gram
mass of the cartridge). Although this is
somewhat more than the claimed 7.5gram mass, it was substantially lower
than the mass of a typical record player
tonearm.
The low-frequency resonance of the
M95ED cartridge in the Isotrack tonearm
fell at 10 Hz instead of the 8 Hz or so
that is typical of other tonearms. The capacitance of the tonearm's wiring and
the integral signal cables was 190 pF/
channel, which is suitable for stereo car-
tridges but obviously not intended for

use with CD -4 cartridges.
The turntable rumble was a very low
-42 dB in a lateral unweighted measurement and -64 dB with ARLL
weighting Spectrum analysis revealed
that the rumble was predominantly at 6
Hz. Although flutter was a low 0.035 %,
the wow varied at a slow rate, with a period of several seconds, between 0.02%
and 0.08 %, averaging about 0.06 %. The
principal flutter component was at 50
trol had a measured range of 9 %.

The antiskating calibration was correct, giving equal distortion in both channels of the cartridge's output when the
control was set to match the tracking
force. However, when the antiskating
was set to its minimum, there was sufficient residual force to swing the tonearm
outward whei it was floated in a balanced condition. The descent of the
tonearm during cueing was slightly influenced by tie antiskating force, causing it to drift outward enough to repeat a
couple of seconds of the record.
The isolation of the record player from
base -conducted vibrations was extremely effective. There was only one
resonant transmission peak, between
40 and 50 Hz, and at this frequency, the
sensitivity of :he player to external vibration was 10 to 30 dB lower than any other record player we have tested. At other
frequencies, the isolation was as much
as 50 dB better than on other players.
The self -resonant frequency of the player on its springs was about 3 Hz.
Hz.
The spseds of the turntable were exact and did not change with line voltage
or with extended use. The vernier con-
User Comment. The Model TD -126C

record player represents an appreciable
advance in player performance, even
Circuits happen Faster and Easier
with Super-Strip.
As little as
17
Now, whenever you'd like to give a circuit
try, you can build it up nearly as fast as you
can dream it up with Super- StripsTM, the faster, easier
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Products. When you build your circuit on a Super Strip, everything stays as good as new. Once you're
through, you can use everything again and again. Instantly. Put a Super-Strip to work for you. Eight distribution lines handle signal and power, and 128 five tie-point terminals can handle 9 ICs and then some.
It's a whole lot easier than printing a circuit
and a whole lot handier than haywire.
a
Part
Number
Model
Number
923252
923748
SS -2
SS -1
Terminal
Type
nickel -silver
gold -plated
Price
Each
$17.00
$18.90
Order from your A P distributor today. Our distributor

list is growing daily. For the name of the distributor
nearest you call Toll -Free 800-321 -9668.
Send for our complete A
Easier Book.
catalog, the Faster and
A P PRODUCTS INCORPORATED
Box 110 Painesville, OH 44077 (216) 354-2101 TWX: 810- 425 -2250
34
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though most of its basic design features

are conventional. Most important is that
its tonearm mass is the lowest by far that
we have measured on a conventional
record player (with a pivoted offset arm).
The antiskating is correct, which is most
unusual in our experience. Turntable
flutter is low, though not unusually so,
but the rumble is on a par with some of
the best direct -drive turntables and is
lower than we have previously measured on a belt- driven turntable. And as
we mentioned before, this is also one of
the very few modern turntables to offer a
78 -rpm speed.
The operation of the player is simple

and logical, providing a choice of partial
automation or none at all. For all practical purposes, the player is immune to
acoustic feedback conducted through its

base. However, the player was somewhat sensitive to jarring under rough
handling.
To counterbalance its virtues, the
player is large, heavy, and quite expensive. It is obviously not suited to CD-4
cartridges, and it does not have a perfectly drift -free cueing system (though it
is no worse in this respect than most
other players).
Cartridge installation was an incredibly exasperating procedure, we observed. Fortunately, this is not a recurring process. Perhaps our reaction is
colored by having read the manufacturer's instruction manual before starting.
The importer's manual is relatively clear
on the cartridge installation procedure.
In sum, even at its rather high price,
the Model TD -126C record player is certain to appeal to discriminating phonophiles, especially those who have collections of 78-rpm discs.
NO.
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ORTOFON MODEL MC20 PHONO CARTRIDGE AND

MODEL MCA -76 PREAMPLIFIER
Top -grade stereo cartridge uses moving-coil design.
Ortofon has recently produced

some moving -iron
cartridges, but its
newest and finest
model, the MC20, uses the moving -coil
principle, which they had previously employed exclusively. As is the case with
most moving -coil cartridges, this one
does not allow user replacement of the
stylus. Instead, the entire cartridge can
be exchanged for a new one at a considerable price saving when it comes time
to replace the stylus.
Since the moving -coil type of cartridge
has a very low output level, it usually requires a signal "booster" to allow it to
adequately drive the phono input circuits
of most amplifiers and receivers. This
booster can be a step -up transformer or
a separate preamplifier, both of which
are available from Ortofon. For our tests
on the Model MC20 cartridge, we selected the new Model MCA -76 preamplifier.
The Model MC20 cartridge is priced at
$120 ($65 on exchange for stylus replacement); the Model MCA -76 preamplifier is $170.
AUGUST1977
General Details.
A modified elliptical
"Fine- Line" stylus is used on this cartridge. The shape of the stylus allows
contact with the groove walls along thin
edges in a manner similar to that of the
special styli developed for CD-4 cartridges to give better high-frequency
tracking and lower record wear. The
compliance of the cartridge is rated 25
horizontally and 15 vertically, and the
equivalent tip mass is 0.5 mg. The range
of tracking forces is rated at 1.5 to 2.0

grams, with 1.7 grams being the force
recommended by Ortofon. The vertical
tracking angle is 20 . Total cartridge
mass is 7 grams.
The stylus drives the signal- generating coils through a cantilever whose
diameter is stepped to provide stiffness
with low mass. The fixed end of the cantilever is supported and damped by a
rubber suspension, and the motion of
the stylus "wiggles" the dual coil assembly in a powerful magnetic field. Each
coil has only 28 turns of very fine wire.
Hence, the output signal voltage at a 5cm/s recorded velocity is a mere 70 V.
The dc resistance of the coils is 2.5
ohms /channel, and the inductance is
negligible.
The Model MCA -76 preamplifier used
with the cartridge has a voltage gain of
50, which increases the minute output
level of the cartridge to about 3.5 mV.
The input impedance of the preamplifier
is 75 ohms, which is a suitable load for
the cartridge. The output impedance of
m1mmommiming111111111ME1:
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(7HROUGH MCA
76)
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10000
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Frequency response (top) and channel separation of both channels.

35
less than 140 ohms allows the preamplifier to drive long cable lengths or to be
terminated by almost any preamplifier
irput circuit without modifying the response of either the cartridge or the amp iffier.
The maximum input rating of the

preamplifier is 6 mV to provide a 300 mV output, providing the assurance that
it will never limit the system's dynamic
range. The preamplifier's distortion is
negligible, rated at less than 0.04h THD
and 0.01% IM at the maximum input levels. Hum is rated to be 120 dB below the
maximum operating level. Since this is
almost 40 dB above the nominal output
of the cartridge, the net S/N ratio is on
the order of 80 dB, which is highly noteworthy and surpasses the S/N of any
preamplifier that is likely to be used with
t -is cartridge preamplifier.
The preamplifier is housed in a small
black box and has its own integral ac
power supply. A pushbutton switch at
one end of the box shuts off the power
and simultaneously bypasses the amplifier circuits when in the out position.
This allows the preamplifier to be left
connected to a record player in which
other types of cartridges will also be
used. A second button on the case allows insertion of a built -in CD -4 low pass filter to roll off the response sharply
beyond 50,000 Hz. This prevents interference with the demodulator circuits
the frequency response of the cartridge

sloped gently downward witn increasing
frequency, to about - 2.5 dB between
5000 and 10,000 Hz, before rising to between -1 and t 2.5 dB at 20,000 Hz.
(The two channels responded slightly
differen_ly.) The rise was obviously the
lower skirt of a relatively undamped stylus rescnance, but we did not extend our
measurements beyond 20,000 Hz.
Channel separation measured 20 to
25 dB ip to 10,000 Hz and beyond. It
decreased to 12 to 18 dB at 20,000 Hz.
The sq.Jare -wave response of the cartridge with the CBS STR112 test record
revealed fairly low -level sustained ringing ove- the entire duration of the square
wave at a frequency we estimate to be
about 40,000 Hz. The measured vertical
tracking angle was 20 (as rated).
The output of the cartridge at 3.54
cm /s was about 5.1 mV when using the
Model MCA -76 preamplifier, with the
two channels matched to within 0.4 dB.
In our tracking tests, the cartridge was
able to play all levels of the Shure
TTR -110 record at 2 grams, although
there was a hint of mistracking at the
highest level of the bass drum. The 60micron level of the German Hi -Fi Institute test record was barely tracked a` 2
grams. Using the Shure TTR -103 record, the 10,800 -Hz tone -burst distortion
was low at less than 1% at all velocities
up to 30 cm /s maximum.
Sg Fi a re-toa re
res t)Fltie
revealed
low-le eel
ri nyi ny.
from r -f noise pickup. There is a fixed

subsonic filter that cuts off the response
very sharply below 7 Hz.
Laboratory Measurements. We
tested the cartridge both directly at its
outputs and through its companion
preamplifier. For most of our tests, the
cartridge was installed in the tonearm of
a Thorens Model TD -126C player.
Experimenting with different tracking
forces, we found that a 2 -gram force
was required to track the highest velocities on our test records. That force was
subsequently used throughout our tests.
Playing the CBS STR100 test record,
36
The IM test, using the Shure TTR -102

record, revealed that the distortion increased gradually from about 1.6% at
velocities slower than 15 cm /s to 4% at
27.1 cm /s. There was no evidence of
the severe mistracking that occurs with
some cartridges at the higher levels of
this record.
The Model MCA -76 preamplifier had a
gain of 34 dB (equivalent to a voltage
gain of 50) 0.3 dB from below 10 Hz to
well beyond 50,000 Hz. The 1000 -Hz
distortion was less than 0.04% for outputs up to 100 mV and only 0.1% at the
maximum rated output of 300 mV. The
output clipped at 430 mV, which re-
quired just slightly greater than 8 mV at

the input.
We could not measure the noise level
of the preamplifier. It was below the minimum leves readable on our instruments.
User Comment.
An extended listenexperience with the cartridge/

preamplifie- system did nothing to resolve our doubts about whether or not
moving -coi. cartridges have special
qualities. We never heard anything in
the sound of this cartridge that we did
not hear more or less when playing the
same records with other good cartridges. Unfortunately, we were not able
to make true A -B comparisons with this
and other cartridges in identical tone arms playing the same record.
In the same vein, the measured performance 3f the Ortofon cartridge reveals that it is good to excellent in practically ever} respect. After "living" with
the new Ortofon cartridge for an extended period, He eventually came to realize
that its sound was impressively devoid
of harshness and identifiable coloration,
measurements aside. We got the personal sense that this cartridge has a
clarity and definition that place it somewhat apart from other cartridges, although we would not be able to support
this statement objectively.
To our hearing, the preamplifier contributes no noise when in operation. At
the highest listening levels we could
use, lifting the pickup resulted in dead silence from the speaker systems. (At
higher gain settings, which we do not
consider to be normal for listening, some
slight amcunt of hiss could be heard.)
We did find, however, that there was
enough power -line hum pickup in the
cartridge circuit, apparently from ground
loops, to be audible at high gain settings
when the cartridge was installed in the
Thorens tonearm. The magnitude of the
hum varied with our choice of amplifier
and was much less when we installed
the cartridge in other tonearms. It appears that this hum problem was a peculiarity of cur installation and cannot be
chargeable to the record player or cartridge.
This is one of the best as well as one
of the most expensive phono cartridges
we have used. (We include the cost of
the cartridge preamplifier in our assessment; the cartridge alone is not unusually expensive.) In combination with a suitable audio system, it will provide as
great a sense of reality as any other top quality cartridge.
ing
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Why you
buy a digital
multimeter from the
leader in digital multimeters.
If you're shopping for your first multi meter, or moving up to digital from
analog, there are a few things you
should know.
First, look at more than price. You'll
find, for instance, that the new Fluke
8020A DMM offers features you won't
find on other DMMs at any price. And
it's only $169
Second, quality pays. Fluke is recognized as the leading maker of multi meters (among other things) with a
30 -year heritage of quality, excellence
and value that pays off for you in the
8020A.
Third, don't under-buy. You may think
that a precision 3'/z -digit digital multimeter is too much instrument for you
right now. But considering our rapidly
changing technology, you're going to
need digital yesterday.
times better than most analog meters.

Also, the 8020A's digital performance
means things like 26 ranges and seven
functions. And the tougher your home
projects get, the more you need the
8020A's full -range versatility and accuracy. The 8020A has it; analog meters
don't.
If you're a pro.
You already know Fluke. And you
probably own a benchtop -model multimeter.
Now consider the 8020A: smaller in
size, but just as big in capability. Like
2000 -count resolution and high -low
power ohms. Autozero and autopolarity.
And the 8020A is MOV- protected to
6000V against hidden transients, and
has overload protection to 300V ac.
Nanosiemens?
If you're just beginning,

go digital.
Conductance To Resistance Conversion

10
100
21
1,000
10,000
0.1
10
100
Conductance MS) nanosiemens
Why not analog? Because the 8020A

has 0.25% dc accuracy, and that's ten
What price to pay.
Beginner or pro, you'll find the meter

you now have can't measure nanosiemens. So what? With the 8020A conductance function, you can measure
the equivalent of 10,000 megohms in
nanosiemens. Like capacitor, circuit
board and insulation leakage. And, you
can check transistor gain with a simple,
homemade adapter. Only with the 8020A,
a 13 -oz. heavyweight that goes where
you go, with confidence.
$169.*
Of course, you can pay more. Or less.
In fact, you could pay almost as much

for equally compact but more simplistic
meters, and get far less versatility. And,
the 8020A gives you the `plus' of custom
CMOS LSI chip design, and a minimum
number of parts (47 in all). All parts
and service available at more than 100
Fluke service centers, worldwide. Guaranteed, for a full year.
Rugged. Reliable. Inexpensive to
own and to operate; a simple 9V battery
assures continuous use for up to 200
hours.
Where to buy.
Call (800) 426 -3061 toll free. Give
us your chargecard number and we'll
ship one to you the same day. Or, we'll
tell you the location of the closest
Fluke office or distributor for a personal hands-on feel for the best DMM
value going.
*U.S. price only
Fluke 8020A DMM for

Home Electronics Experts: $169
FLUKE
1808-7001
AUGUST 1977
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37
32K. One Card. One low price.

Only from the Digital Group.
Now, on only one fully static card, the Digital Group has
squeezed in a whopping 32K of memory. Which, with a little
quick addition, means a full 64K architecture now requires
only 2 boards instead of 8. That's a 4 -to -1 space reduction
...and leaves one extra memory slot on the Digital Group's
standard motherboard still available for future products.
All this and one low price, too.
It just may be the best news of all. Our full static, assembled
and tested 32K memory board is only $995. Now that's worth
remembering. It's substantially less than our equivalent assembled 8K board prices. (Please note: We're initially offering this 32K board assembled only, but kit versions will soon
be available, too
even lower prices.)
Here's what you get.
All data and address lines are buffered

Fully static memories -EMM 4801 (450ns) or equiva-
lent
Price:
32K board complete, assembled and tested
$995.00
For all the memorable details, just fill out the coupon below.
(Then all you have to remember is to mail it in.)
P.O. Box 6528
Denver, Colorado 80206 (303) 777-7133
Specifications:
32K on single card
Speed- 450ns. All of our current CPUs will operate at
Decoding-Lower or upper 32K bank

Power +5V only @ 4A
Card size -12" x 5" (excluding connector fingers)
Features:
May be intermixed on Digital Group systems with our
8K memory cards
CIRCLE
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promise to mail this in, so add me to your mailing list!
Name
full -rated speed.
38
gaimlx:'
R136
-at
Address
City/State /Zip
Remember me? I'm already on your mailing list, but I need the
memory spec sheet desperately.
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POPULAR ELECTRONICS
AUTOMATIC percussion synthesizers are popular musical accompaniment accessories. The "Cabonga" described here is a percussion synthesizer
that is designed to be played by hand
like a conventional bongo drum. All electronic, it is battery powered and produces an output that can drive just about
any instrument amplifier/speaker system.
The Cabonga electronically generates
a damped sine wave whose frequency is
continuously variable to provide sounds
that range from a bass drum to a wood
block. Its exponential decay time can be
varied from a fraction of a second to
more than two seconds to simulate
sounds that range from a click to a timpani.
Provisions are included for both local
and remote triggering. In addition, a multivibrator (such as the automatic trigger
accessory to be described next month)
can be used to continuously trigger the
Cabonga at a preset rate. By interconnecting the external- trigger jacks of two
or more Cabongas, you can simulate a
wide range of percussion instruments at
one time.
In this first part of a two -part article,
we discuss the operation and construction of the basic Cabonga. Next month,
we cover the accessories that can be
used with it. These include snare-drum,
automatic triggering, special- effects
sound modifier, and a combination ac
power supply and active audio mixer.
About the Circuit. The
circuit of the
Cabonga is shown schematically in Fig.
1. When the drum head is struck, S1
closes and applies a positive -going
pulse to Cl and R2. This pulse is
passed by C2 and D2 to the tone generator. When S1 opens and Cl discharges, the negative-going pulse produced is shunted to ground by D1.
The tone generator is a twin -T active
filter made up of 1C1B, R4, R5, R10, and
C3 through C6. An additional feedback
loop is made up of R8 and R9. With the
component values shown, applying a
trigger pulse produces an exponentially
damped sine -wave output. Potentiometer R10 determines the operating frequency of the sine wave, while R8 and
R9 in the feedback loop determine the
decay time of the damping. The output
signal from the tone generator is attenuated by volume control R1 1 and is
buffered by IC1A and fed to J3 for
subsequent processing.
Construction.
The Cabonga's circuit

can be assembled on perforated board
or a printed circuit board, the etching
AUGUST 1977
Popular Electronics`
AUGUST, 1977
BU/LO
ite
bynga.#
AN ELECTRONIC
PERCUSSION
SYNTHESIZER
BY JAMES BARBARELLO
Played like a bongo drum, the

Cabonga produces waveforms that
simulate sounds of percussive
instruments from bass drum
to wood block.
JI
EXT. TRIG.
V
R7
10K
SI
RI
2.2K
R6
I0K
R3
330K
R2
68K
R8
100K
02
.005yF IN4148
IC
C2
RII
10K
MIMI
DI
IN4148
R4
IOOK
C3
IyF
R5
IOOK
Mh
C4
.IyF
Bi
9'J
1I1I+
11
RIO
2K
S2B
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PWR
----A
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the Cabonga.

Note that the "collar" of power jack J2
is at -9 volts, Lot ground potential.
-9
,B2
-volt transistor batteries
Cl ,C3 through C7-O. -pF disc ceramic capacitor
C2 -O.005 -F disc ceramic capacitor
DI ,D2- N4148 silicon diode
ICI -5558 dual operational amplifier IC
J 1- Subminiature phone jack
J2-Miniature phone jack (insulated)
Standard phone jack
The following resistors are 1/4-watt,
B
C6
.IyF
PARTS LIST
R2- --68,000 ohms

R3- 330,000 ohms
NO switch (Poly Paks 92CU 1749 or equivalent).

S2 Subminiature dpdt switch
Misc.- Printed circuit board; battery clips;
hookup wire; hardware; solder; etc.
The box can be made from four

pieces of 3/4' (19.1 -mm) thick plywood
for the sides and two pieces of t/4" (6.4mm) thick Masonite or tempered hardboard. The overall dimensions of the
box should be roughly 91/2" x 7" x 2" (24
x 17.8 x 5.1 cm). The top and bottom of
each wall should be rabbeted to provide
3/8" (9.5 -mm) deep by t/4" wide "shelves"
so that the top and bottom plates are
flush with the top and bottom of the
walls. (Note: If you do not have a router
to make the rabbets, you can make each
I
SI
Fig. 2. Etching
`8
$
RIO
ww
40
e a taM
.11
1- 10,000-ohm,
linear-taper pc trimmer
potertiometer
R9- 150,000-ohm, linear -taper potentiometer
RIO-2,000 -ohm, linear -taper potentiometer
and drilling and component- placement

guides for which are shown in Fig. 2. In
either case, it is recommended that you
use a socket or two rows of Molex Sol dercons for the IC. Also, be sure you observe the proper polarities and orientation of the components.
The circuit board, batteries and holder, jacks, etc. can be mounted in any
convenient size box that will accommodate them and the momentary-action
pushbutton switch used for triggering
the Cabonga.
B2
9V
toI rance, carbon composition:

R1-2200 ohms
R8- 100,000 -ohm,
J3-
R9. RII
R4,R5- 100,000 ohms

R6,R7- 10,000 ohms
S2B
S2A
SI
.IyF
10%
RII J3
(C5
and drilling
guide (below)
and component
layout (left)
for the Cabonga
pc board.
linear -taper potentiometer
Sl- Oak feather -touch calculator keyboard
Note: See Bill of Materials (next page) for

availability of kits.
wall from separate pieces of th" and 1/4"

plywood, cutting the latter t/" narrower
and fastening the pieces together with
glue and 5A" finishing nails.) Round all
top and bottom edges of the walls with
sandpaper.
The top plate must be finished to permit mounting of the controls, switches,
jacks, and the drum head assembly, as
shown in tie lead photo. If you use a
metal control plate as shown, be sure
that jack J2 is isolated from it. The calculator switch used under the drum
head as the trigger switch is not mounted on the op plate. Hence a 11/2" (3.8cm) hole nust be drilled for it. Fix the
center of this hole at the mid -point of the
shorter side and 3" (7.6 -cm) up from the
end opposite the location of the jacks
and controls. Drill the hole where the two
measurements coincide.
Next, referring to detail A in Fig. 3,
fabricate the drum head switch retainer
assembly from white pine lumber. Note
the grooves in which the hardboard on
which the switch is mounted fits. You do
not need a router to make these
grooves; a sharp wood chisel will do satisfactorily because of the softness of the
pine. The yo. 8 x 1" sheet metal screw
used for adjusting the sensitivity of the
drum heac should have its point filed off.
Once the retainer assembly is fabricated, fasten it to the bottom surface of
the top plate with glue and flathead
wood screws. Coat the top surface of
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
F'
TRIGGER
SWITCH
Details
for construction
of switch
retainer assembly
Fig.
3.
(A), plywood
head ring (B).
Finished drum head
DRUM HEAD
IP
/\\\\\\\\\\Q\\\\^\\\\\\\
is shown at (C).
for a 51/2" diameter circular area centered at the keyswitch hole. Neatly cover
the plate with black vinyl, overlapping it
on all sides. Cut away the vinyl from
around the holes already drilled but not
from around the keyswitch hole.
The collar over which the drum's diaphragm is stretched is made from a 6"
square by 1/4" thick (15.2 x 15.2 x 2 cm)
piece of plywood. When the wood ring
has been cut out, round the top outer
ROUND BOTH EDGES

(TOP ONLY)
DRUM HEAD
11111W
CLOTH/
TAPE
t A\q\\^\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\i
SENSITIVITY
BOTTOM
ADJUST
PLATE
(10
mastic surfaces must close up on each

other. This tape is the decorative band
that goes around the drum head and
covers the staples holding the diaphragm. To hold it in place, use 10
tacks
chrome -finished
upholstery
around the circumference of the ring collar. (See details B and C in Fig. 3.)
Use four 3/4' flathead wood screws to
fasten the drum head assembly to the
top plate, centering it over the calculator
key trigger switch. Then glue a block of
TACKS
EQUALLY
SPACED)
(C)
(B)
(A)
the top plate with contact cement except
I/4-+i
h.
...........
TOP
PLATE
described above for locating the center

of the calculator key hole, locate the
center of the access hole for the sensitivity- adjust screw on the key switch
retainer assembly. Drill a 5/16" (8-mm)
hole at this point. Strike a line passing
through the center of this hole and parallel to the bottom edge of the plate. At
points approximately 1" (2.54 cm) on
both sides of the access hole, drill a '/s"
(3.2-mm) hole.
Smoothly sand and clean the bottom
plate. Then coat a sheet of black vinyl
with contact cement and neatly attach it
to the outer surface of the bottom plate.
Again, overlap the vinyl around all edges
and onto the inner surface. (If you wish,
you can fasten a sheet of ribbed rubber
BILL OF MATERIALS
Bottom view
of the finished
top plate
shows the locations
of the switch
retainer assembly,
pc board,
controls and jacks.
Fig.
4.
Case
pieces a/' plywood 9/' x 2,;
pieces 1" plywood 6" x 2"
-piece unsupported black vinyl 35" x 41/2"
Top Plate
-piece 1/4' tempered hardboard (Masonite or
equivalent) 8 -443" x 5 -%a"
-piece black vinyl 91/3" x 6-1/4"
Bottom Plate
I -piece
1/4" tempered hardboard 8-143" x
5-7".
-piece rubber matting 8 -W' x 5-7A" or 1
piece black vinyl 91/4" x 6-3/4" (see text)
Head
I -piece 4/4" plywood 6" x 6"
1-piece cloth-backed white vinyl 7" x 71/2"`
-piece black cloth tape 18" x 1/4"
10-chromed upholstery tacks
221
Control Plate
-piece 1/32" aluminum stock 5 -W x 2"

Switch Assembly
x "
1 -piece W pine 41/2
pieces %" pine 1" x
-piece t/s" hardboard 31" x
Miscellaneous
-5" x 1" x 1/4" pine block
4-No. 8 x 1/4" wood screws
1 -No. 8 x 11/4" sheet, metal screw
2-No. 8 x 1" sheet metal screws
Nails, glue, etc.
Note: The following are available from JAL
Associates, Box 107, Eatontown, NJ
07724: Complete kit including all components (M1), $32.50; parts kit (M 1 -E) including all electronic components, jacks
switches, pc board, $19.50; etched and
drilled pc board (Ml-PC), $3.50. All prices
include postage. New Jersey residents add
5% sales tax.
1
and inner edges so that the top forms almost a semicircle. Smoothly sand all
surfaces. Then stretch a single layer of
fabric -backed white vinyl over the top of
the ring collar, fastening it in place with
wire staples. Allow the vinyl to overlap
the bottom edge and staple it to the side
of the ring. Cut the vinyl flush with the
bottom edge of the ring. Now, fold an 18"
(46 -cm) length of black Mystic cloth tape
along its entire length 1/2' in from both
edges so that the tape has a seam down
its center. When you fold the tape, the
AUGUST 1977
"
square by 51/4" long pine to the top

plate as shown in Fig. 4 to provide a
means for mounting the circuit board assembly and batteries. When the glue
has set, fasten the battery holder and
the circuit board assembly side by side
on the top of the block with woodscrews.
Interconnect the board with the various
controls, switches, and jacks with insulated hookup wire. Temporarily set
aside the top plate assembly.
The bottom plate can be prepared as
follows. First, using the same procedure
2-
11.
oscillations on initial checkout, adjust R8

until you do and then back off until the
oscillations just drop out. Replace R4
with a 68,0GO -ohm resistor if you cannot
obtain oscillations no matter where R8 is
set.
Side view of top plate reveals mounting details of

switch retainer assembly, tension adjust screw and pe board.
runner to the outer surface of the bottom
plate with contact cement instead of the
vinyl. The runner will provide an antiskid
grip when the Cabonga is placed on a
table as it is being played.) Clear away
the vinyl (or rubber runner) from around
the three holes. If you are using the rubber runner, clear away enough of it to
allow the two screws that go into the
holes on both sides of the access hole to
go far enough in so that their heads sit
flat against the bottom plate. Temporarily set aside the bottom plate assembly.
Smoothly sand and clean all exterior
surfaces of the box wall assembly and
then coat all surfaces with flat black
paint. When the paint has dried, coat the
rear surface of a 35" x 41/2' (90 x 11.4
bm) sheet of black vinyl with contact cement and wrap it around the wall assembly. Start about 1" from one corner and
finish up at the same corner; trim off any
excess vinyl to make a neat seam. At
each corner, slit the vinyl and trim it as
necessary. Carefully fold the vinyl over
the top and bottom edges and into the
rabbets. Try to avoid having any of the
wood show through as you trim.
Before final assembly, check that the
air seal between the drum head and the
vinyl covering the key switch on the top
plate is sufficient for proper triggering.
To do this, first adjust the sensitivity
screw on the key switch retainer assembly so that it is slightly depressed by the
vinyl on the top plate. Press down on the
drum head and note whether or not the
key switch moves. If it does, the seal is
sufficient; if not, you will have to tighten
the screws that secure the drum head to
the top plate until you get sufficient air
sealing. If all else fails, you might have
to remove the drum head assembly and
42
place gasketing material between it and

the top plate.
Final assembly consists of placing the
top and bottom plate assemblies in the
box wall assembly and securing the
whole unit together with two No. 8 x
11/4" sheet metal screws passed through
the bottom plate's holes and driven into
the crossbar on the switch retainer assembly.
After the initial adjustment is made,

vary the PITCH control over its entire
range to delermine whether or not oscillations still occur. The circuit might continue to oscillate at higher frequencies,
such as at the fully clockwise position of
the PITCH control. If these oscillations do
occur at high frequencies, break the
connection between R10 and the C5 /C6
network and insert a 10 -ohm resistor between the potentiometer and capacitors.
Experiment with the settings of the
PITCH, DECAY, and VOLUME controls
while striking the drum head to determine whether or not the project is operating properly. When you are satisfied
with the operation of the Cabonga, reassemble it in its case.
Checkout.
To check out the operation

of the Cabonga, it is necessary to take it
out of its case. Once this is done, feed
the output of the Cabonga from J3 to an
instrument amplifier. Turn on the power
via S2. Now, set PITCH control R10 to
about its 9 o'clock position and DECAY
control R9 and VOLUME control R11 fully
clockwise. Then turn the sensitivity adjust screw for the key switch until the
switch closes and you hear a sound.
Back off on the adjusting screw until the
sound drops out and you can hear it only
when the drum head is struck.
If the Cabonga breaks into oscillation,
adjust trimmer potentiometer R8 until
the oscillations just cease. If you hear no
IN
R=10K, 1/4
IN 2
IN n
Fig. 5. Mixer combines several

signals for use with one amplifier.
Bottom with rabbeting, tension

adjust hole and retaining screw.
Use Ideas. You will probably want to
use several Cabongas, each tuned to
produce a different sound. at the same
time to simulate different musical effects. To interconnect all Cabongas you
might wish to use, you can do so with
the passive summer shown in Fig. 5.
Some attenuation of the signal will occur
when the summer is used, but the output
level will still be adequate to drive most
instrument amplifiers.
When interconnecting Cabongas via
the external trigger jacks, you must adjust the irdividual volume controls so
that all sounds can easily be heard.
Next month's discussion of a number
of accessories will enable you to add to
the Cabonga's versatility. Until then, you
have an instrument that should provide
many hours of entertainment.
O
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
CI
COSI \G
PORTAl
84VOBIL
TAP
R
BY JAMES R. HORSTMAN
MRI)
RS
Tape enthusiasts need not

be tied to a wall socket.
HE CASSETTE and 8 -track car-
is much different. Its tape is wound in a
tridge tape formats for portable and

mobile applications have grown and
prospered side by side, each boasting
its own unique advantages.
The standard compact cassette is actually a small, reel -to -reel tape housed in
a self- contained plastic shell that measures only 4" long by 21, -" high by 7/16"
thick. Like open -reel tapes, with separate supply and feed reels, it may be rewound or turned over to play other
tracks. When the loaded cassette machine is activated, a small pinch roller
moves the tape smoothly at 17 ips.
Tape measures about V' wide and is
available in 20- minute to 120- minute
play- or record -time formats.
Now, there are also sub -compact cassettes. They're designed primarily for
voice -dictation and note -taking purposes. Moreover, there are at least four
sub -compact systems that are not interchangeable.
The tape cartridge, on the other hand,
continuous loop that's fed from the center of a single reel and rewound on the
outside of that same reel, permitting
continuous play. When it reaches the
end of one revolution, the playback head
moves over a notch (manually or automatically) to play the next track. In
stereo, this head -moving process occurs four times, while in 4- channel it's
done twice. Compared to a cassette, a
cartridge is bulky, being four times its
size. Tape speed is 33 ips and tape
width is V', which, theoretically should
make the cartridge superior to the cassette in terms of potential hi -fi reproduction. Further, each tape cartridge contains its own pinch roller (which most experts feel is not an advantage).
Theory aside, however, the standard
cassette system generally provides better fidelity. This is due, in part, to the
special tape formulations available for
cassettes. Additionally, the 8 -track cartridge drive and head alignment systems
AUGUST 1977
are inherently less precise than a cassette's. But these differences are less
noticeable in portables and auto units
since Dolby noise- reduction circuitry,
dual capstans, etc. are rarely used.
As a result, choice of format generally
involves considerations other than high fidelity sound. For example, if one were
to choose a battery -powered portable,
it's likely that the choice would be a cassette. Due to its much smaller size and
lighter weight, it has essentially eliminated cartridges from this market. Further, cassettes can be rewound and
have a fast-forward speed, making it
much easier (and faster) to locate specific recorded sections on the tape. Also,
most 8 -track machines do not offer record facilities, while most cartridge machines do.
Selecting a car tape format, however,
is an entirely different story. Here, 8track cartridges got the jump on cassettes when Lear Jet teamed up with
RCA and Ford before Phillips got up
43
steam with its cassette format.

Aside from the auto tape lead initially
enjoyed by 8- track, the no- fumble convenience of simply pushing a cartridge
into a slot while driving and listening to
commercial -free music played without
ending attracted many people. It still
does, thanks to the availability of a large
library of prerecorded tapes and the
easy transition from stereo to 4- channel
sound made possible by the 8 -track cartridge system. The latter is something
cassette manufacturers are still struggling with.
Cassettes are challenging the 8 -track
machine in automobiles, though. Compact size is one reason. Another is the
ability to locate portions of a recording
very quickly. And, equally important, if a
person owns a home cassette deck, the
recording facility and interchangeability
permit a cassette to do double duty.
Also, there are automatic- reversing cassette systems now available for continuoJs listening.
Shopping for Portables. The way to

start shopping for tape portables is to sit
down with paper and pencil and assess
the quantity and quality of portability you
will require. Very open, these two go
together, as extra dollars add desirable
features you'll find you cannot do without. Once you have seen some deluxe
unit, it's difficult to go back "down."
Chances are that you'l choose a battery- powered cassette unit, since there
aren't many cartridge machines around.
Most portable cassette machines are
monophonic, which is just as well since
you wouldn't want to pack an extra
speaker wherever you co. However, if
you're willing to sacrifice small size and
light weight, there are a handful of ac -dc
portable cassette machines that record
and play back in mono cr stereo. Some
do feature two built-in speakers and two
microphones for stereo use. (Sub -compact cassettes exhibit poor fidelity for reproducing music as compared to the
conventional cassettes.)
Costlier cassette models offer a host

of extra features you might want to
check out. Here are some examples:
Ac and dc operation to extend battery
life.
G Built -in battery charger for automatic
charging when plugged into an ac outlet.
G Larger speaker(s) for more robust
sound.
Automatic shutoff with mechanism
disengage when tape play is ended.
Automatic level control to maintain
relatively ccnstant sound recording level, so that the recordist need not con tinuallly monitor a volume control.
Large VU /battery indicator for easy
viewing.
Tone control to adjust playback to
your liking.
Tape counter to permit quick location
of a recorded portion of your tape.
G Tape select switch to give you the
flexibility of using premium tapes.
E Speedie- last- forward and rewind
time for impatient users.
These tape recorders illustrate the types available

to "on-the-move'' tape enthusiasts. Clockwise from upper
left: an in -dash AM /stereo FM multiplex radio with
cassette player; portable AM/FM âdio cassette recorder
with weather band; cassette deck for a car with under dash mounting bracket; portable etereo cassette deck
with ANRS and other features.
J.LL. Model 604

General Electric Mode: 3 -5212
JVC Model KD -2
hàkamiehi Model 25044
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
Dual flywheels for reduced wow and

flutter.
Servo- control motor to maintain accurate speed when batteries weaken.
Interlocking pause control for stable
recording speed when starting and stopping.
Remote microphone provisions to
free you from the machine.
Variable pitch control for the critical
music lover.
Peak limiter to automatically prevent
distortion from overloading.
Subminiature size for handy carrying.
Stereo provisions.
More powerful amplifier(s).
Automatic voice activator so you
don't miss a thing.
Clearly, there will have to be tradeoffs.
Each "extra" chosen adds to the cost,
weight, and /or size. The latter is sometimes offset by superb miniaturization
with rugged construction, but the tradeoff here is higher cost.
How does one "test" a portable?
There are a number of guidelines.
First, handle it to judge weight and size.
Play cassette tapes that you've heard
on a high-quality cassette deck (preferably a tape with plenty of highs and
lows, and one with a solo piano recording).
Record a tape for playback at
home.
Record a few minutes on a
C -120 (two -hour) tape, which is ultra
thin, to judge tape -handling quality.
Jingle keys so you can determine recording and playback realism.
Speak
at the same level at different distances
and with your back turned to evaluate
how much the voice is obscured by the
machine's noise. (You'll be surprised at
the substantial differences among maTry the pushbuttons to be
chines.)
sure they're conveniently located and
don't stick.
Attach an external, high efficiency speaker system to the portable's external speaker jack.
Above all, don't lose sight of your
quest for portability. After all, you don't
want to be a furniture mover every time
you wish to take along your portable.
Shopping for Auto Tape Players.

A major reason for the popularity of the
automobile tape player is that even a rel-
atively inexpensive system sounds better in the car than at home. The closed
environment and masking of fidelity limitations by external noise (engine, wind,
tires, etc.) makes listening a rewarding
experience. The choice of music is
yours, not the disc jockey's nor the
broadcast station's commercials. Equally important, there isn't much to distract
you in the car.
AUGUST 1977
You'll have to make a choice between

cartridge and cassette machines. As discussed earlier, 8 -track offers many more prerecorded selections,
largely nonclassical. The cartridges are
bulkier, though, and it's difficult to locate
portions of a recording with dispatch.
However, they play continuously, so a
cartridge doesn't stop when the recording ends, but continues 'round and
'round. When driving; this no- handling
facility is advantageous. Consider, too,
that 8 -track offers 4- channel sound,
which provides a unique sound sensation, especially in an auto environment.
The favorable attributes of cassette
machines can be recapitulated as:
smaller machine, which makes for easier car installation; smaller tape package
so you can store more cassettes in a
small space; fast -forward and rewind facility; and a convenient recording facility
(at home). So take your choice.
8 -track
Cassette Players. Cassette
car players are small enough to be mounted in

the dashboard where the car radio goes
or in the glove compartment -both major deterrents to theft- although many
are still mounted under the dash. Whichever position you choose, practice loading the unit a few times before you try it
on the road. With a glove- compartment
mount, of course, you'll have to pull over
to the side of the road to change tapes.
If you have a cassette deck at home,
you can get more from your mobile unit
by making your own recordings. You
can save money, too, since prerecorded
tapes are costlier than discs by one or
two dollars. Furthermore, with a high quality cassette deck and good source
equipment and material, you can make
better tapes than you can buy. (Exceptions, here, are the premium prerecorded cassettes made on chromium -dioxide tapes by Advent of classical music.)
An increasingly popular option in car
cassette units is a built -in stereo FM radio, which gives the driver more program options. Many of these models
have a clever "custom" look in which the
radio tuning dial also serves as the cassette slot. Some are wired to record directly off the air (usually in mono, although the unit will play back in stereo),
while others even have a hand -held microphone so you can dictate while you
drive. If you have only an AM radio in the
car, as many of us do, this combination
can be most rewarding.
Other features to look for in an auto
cassette machine (remembering that
they add to the cost) are: automatic reverse, multiband radio, automatic stop
and /or reject, and signal- seeking on the

radio.
8 -Track Players. Features you may

want to consider in 8-track machines are
track indicators, bass boost, and automatic track switching. Models with automatic play- through often feature a manual override switch so you can select
channels if you wish. Cartridge players,
too, have been mated with AM /stereo
FM radios.
Installation. Installing
speakers and positioning them properly
generally presents a severe challenge to
the do- it- yourselfer. Probably most people should turn the job over to a specialist, such as an auto dealer or auto radio/
tape player installation outfit.
A popular speaker- mounting location
is in the front door. There are also kick panel installations in case the thought of
cutting into doors upsets you. The latter
technique is less expensive too. Under dash installation of speakers is another
possibility, but the overall stereo or
quadraphonic effect is reduced considerably. As for rear speakers, you have a
choice of rear doors, trunk ledge, or external speakers. You'll have to find the
combination that pleases you, based on
the interior configuration of your car.
Speaker
Conclusion.
Before finalizing your

buying decision -whether a portable or
mobile tape machine in the cassette or
8 -track format -listen to a unit a "price
point" higher and lower to determine if
you can hear the difference. Consider,
too, whether or not your choice is a well known brand, the reputation of the dealer, and what you have to do to obtain inwarranty and out -of- warranty repair. The
latter is especially important with auto
players since there is a removal- installation chore involved.
Don't expect to match the high -quality
sound of your home hi -fi system in portables or mobile equipment -they rarely
exceed 10,000 Hz response and are often well under that. If you want truly
good sound, do consider adding a
"booster' amplifier to increase output
power so that some of the fine, compact,
low- efficiency speaker systems can be
satisfactorily driven. There are also
some high -power audio systems designed for car use (including ADS, sold
as a package with Nakamichi's 250 cassette player or 350 record /player.) In
any case, experienced travelers feel that
fairly good mobile sound is every bit as
rewarding as great sound that just sits
there.
45
NEW BAND FOR

D
dQBE]Ovv
100-mW portable two-way radios are
moving out of the CB band.
BY LEO SANDS
THE DAY of the 27 -MHz band unlicensed walkie- talkie is coming to an

end. Production of such units has been
halted, but the millions of unsold walkietalkies can still be sold until March 1978.
After this time, unsold units must be
iunked or rebuilt for the new 49.9 -MHz
band to which personal- communication
walkie- talkie operation has been moved.
Existing 27 -MHz band w-t's can still be
used until March 1983.
The FCC established the 49.9 -MHz
personal- communication band for two
good reasons. The first is that users of
the 100 -mW walkietalkies operating on
the 27 -MHz Citizens Band are being
clobbered by the standard 4 -watt CB
46
transceivers that must be operated with

a license from the FCC. The other reason is that CB'ers are being interfered
with by the unregulated users of w -t's on
the CB channels.
Technical Details.
Under Part 15 of
the FCC Rules and Regulations, no license is required to operate low -power
(up to 100 mW) communication devices
in the 26.97 -to- 27.27 -MHz band and the
49.82 -to-49.90 -MHz band if the equipment meets applicable technical standards.
The power of the 27 -MHz w -t's is limited to 100 mW input to the final r-f stage
of the transmitter. The w -t's can be oper-
ated on any frequency within the band

ranging from 26.97 to 27.27 MHz. This
does not necessarily mean that operation must be or an exact frequency assigned to tie normal CB channels.
The input power of the 49.9 -MHz
band w -t's is not specified, but radiation
is limited to 10,000 V /meter, measured
at a distance of 3 meters. These w -t's
must be operated only on any of five
channels whose specified frequencies
are: 49.830, 49.845, 49.860, 49.875,
and 49.890 MHz. The frequency tolerance must be within -0.01% of the
channel carrier frequency. Either amplitude modulation (AM) or frequency modulation (FM) can be used as long as the
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
Some Design Ideas. The simplest

LOADING
COIL
SUPERREGENERATIVE
DETECTOR
CRYSTAL
OSCILLATOR
Fig.
AUDIO
AMPLIFIER
1.
POWER
AMPLIFIER
1,
This simple walkie- talkie uses a superregenerative detector.
Home Design Rules. You can design
line, the total current drawn must not exceed 860 A.

The rules applicable to home -built
49.9 -MHz band w -t's require that the microphone be an integral part of the unit.
The rules also require that harmonic
emissions must be at least 20 dB below
the level of the unmodulated carrier.
(These harmonics are at exact multiples
of the carrier frequency -100 MHz, 150
MHz, 200 MHz, etc.) The 100 -MHz second harmonic could interfere with FM
broadcast band reception, while the
200-MHz fourth harmonic could cause
TVI (television interference) to TV channel 11 and /or channel 12. The other harmonics could cause interference to
your own w -t and build up to five 49.9 MHz band transmitters and /or transceivers for your own use. Here are some
of the rules you must follow:
nearby radio communication stations.

Needless to say, it is extremely important to maintain harmonic radiation at
the absolute minimum possible.
emission is confined within a 20,000 -Hz

band centered at the carrier frequency.
The rules require that the microphone
be built into the case of the w-t's and that
the antenna be permanently attached to
the box containing the transmitter. Factory-built w-t's must also be certified by
the manufacturer and FCC as being in
compliance with the applicable technical
standards.
W-t's already in production use either
a superregenerative or a superheterodyne design in the receiver section. All
have crystal-controlled transmitters to
assure on- frequency operation.
49.86
LOADING
COIL
Y
MIXER
AMPLIFIER
49.405
DETECTOR
AUDIO
AMPLIFIER
AUDIO
~OUT PUT
MHz
LOCAL
CRYSTAL
OSCILLATOR
SQUELCH
j-
TRANSMITTER
Block diagram of superheterodyne receiver.
The antenna must be a single element

that is not more than 1 meter in length. It
must be permanently mounted on the
case that houses the transmitter /transceiver circuitry. You can operate a
home -made low-power communication
device on any of the five 49.9 -MHz band
channels set aside by the FCC or on any
frequency between these channels, provided the carrier and modulation products are contained within the 49.82 to- 49.90 -MHz range.
The total input power of the transmitter/transceiver, the latter in the transmit
mode, must not exceed 100 mW under
any modulation condition. Input power is
measured at the battery or at the power
line terminals if the w-t is ac operated.
This means that if a 9 -volt battery is the
power source, total input current of all
transmitter stages may not exceed
11.11 mA. If the power source is the ac
AUGUST 1977
POWER
TRANSFORMER
METAL
CASE
GROUND
Fig.
3.
I7 VAC
Base station grounding.
antenna is required. In the case of a

hand -held transceiver, the ground plane
is inadequate for good antenna system
efficiency. If you build the transceiver
into a metal case, your body will effectively serve as the ground plane when
you hold the w-t in your hand. If you
build a base station, you can use a metal
enclosure and ground it to the power line
through a pair of capacitors, as shown in
TO
2.
MHz
455 KHz
Fig.
transceiver you can design would employ a superregenerative detector, crystal-controlled oscillator, and an audio
amplifier that doubles as the modulator
when transmitting, as illustrated by the
block diagram in Fig. 1. A more elaborate transceiver would employ a superheterodyne receiver, as shown in the
block diagram of Fig. 2. Alternatively,
you could design a five -channel w -t with
a crystal for each of the five channels
and a switch.
For optimum radiation, the antenna
should be a quarter wavelength long, or
1.5 meters (4.93') long, when an adequate ground plane is provided. Since
antenna length is limited to
meter
(3.28'), a loading coil in series with the
output of the transmitter and input of the
Although the rules for home -built devices do not state that the transmitter
must be crystal controlled, it should be.
Since the band is only 80,000 Hz (80
kHz) wide, a self- excited oscillator could
drift enough to put the signal (even one
of the sidebands) beyond the band limits
into the 30 -to -50 -MHz land mobile band
or the 50 -to -54 -MHz (6- meter) amateur
radio band. By using a crystal, you can
be fairly certain that its frequency is
close to the frequency indicated on the
case. If you do not use a crystal, you will
need a frequency counter.
Fig. 3.
When you build your own 49.9 -MHz

band low-power communication device,
it is a good idea to have the transmitter
checked out by a professional unless
you have the instruments and know-how
to do it yourself. No matter who checks
out the device, the following should be
on the list: transmitting frequency; modulation level; occupied bandwidth; harmonic radiation; and input power. Occupied bandwidth and harmonic radiation
can most easily be checked with a spectrum analyzer.
49.82-
49.90
MHz
INPUT
-F
AMPLIFIER
26.965
MIXER
MHz
TO
CB TRANSCEIVER
OUTPUT
TUNABLE
LOCAL
OSCILLATOR
Fig. 4. Tunable converter for

use with a CB transceiver.
22.855- 22.935
MHz
47
SHUT -OFF TIMER
Operating Hints. Factory-made
w -t's
are usually equipped for single -channel
operation on 49.860 MHz so that various
users will be able to communicate with
each other, regardless of which manu-
facturer made the transceivers. Since a

lot of users can be expected to be operating on this channel, those who want
more privacy and less interference will
probably prefer another channel.
A hand -held w-t uses the same whip
antenna for transmitting and receiving.
For Battery-Powered Appliances

BY JEFFREY SANDLER
IT
IS easy to attach a timer to a line powered radio so that the power will
be shut off after a certain time, should
the listener fall asleep. It is not so easy
with a battery -powered radio unless you
build the simple circuit described here.
With ths simple add -on, you can fall
asleep on the beach or in a hammock,
secure in the knowledge that the radio
will automatically shut down later to conserve the battery.
Circuit Operation.
Six transistor "walkie talkie"

from Interworld Enterprises.
When operating at a fixed location, receiving range can be increased by using
a separate receiver connected to an external antenna. When communicating
with a base station using such a receiving setup, your flea -power transmitter
will be more effective.
The receiver can be one designed for
hams and tunable through the 6 -meter
band (you might have to trim it to tune
down to 49.82 MHz). You can also use a
6-meter converter with a standard shortwave receiver or a home -built converter
with a CB transceiver (see Fig. 4).
If you use a separate receiver with an
external antenna, you can improve the
receiving range by increasing the height
of the antenna. If the effective radiated
power is +13 dBm (20 mW) and the signal delivered to an antenna 10' (about 3
m) above ground is -107 dBm (1 V),
raising the antenna to a height of 30' (9
m) will increase the received signal level
10 dB to -97 dBm, or about 3
communicating with hand -held
w -t's, the antennas of all units should be
vertical or at the same angle. Otherwise,
there will be a significant transmission
loss due to conflicting polarization of the
O
antennas involved.
48
A schematic of
the circuit is shown in Fig. 1. Resistor R1
and capacitor Cl provide a very long
time coistant. When SI is closed, Cl is
discharged and its low voltage is applied
to the parallel high- impedance inputs of
ICI. In this case the outputs of the
NAND gates are high and the battery
voltage is available at output 1.
When SI is opened, capacitor Cl
starts to charge slowly through R1.
When the voltage across Cl reaches
about half that of the battery, the outputs
of the NAND gates drop essentially to
zero, effectively turning off output 1.
Transistor Q1 is added to handle higher current loads. When output 1 is high,
01 is of and it supplies a higher current
to output 2. The amount of current depends on the transistor used. Changing
R1 and Cl changes the timing.
Construction.
The circuit can be assembled on a small perforated board or

a small pc board such as that shown in
Fig. 2. You can make the board small
enough to lit inside many transistor radios. The radio battery also supplies
power to the timing circuit. However, the
circuit draws so little current that it will
not run the battery down when the radio
is not in use. This low current demand is
due to the use of CMOS logic and the
high value of R1. Note that Cl should
have a very low leakage to maintain the
charging interval.
The construction of SI is left up to the
user. It can be a subminiature pushbutton switch, a pair of small bare leads that
can be bridged with a fingertip or even a
small mercury switch. If using the latter,
simply momentarily tilt the radio on its
side to "toggle" the timing circuit. If you
elect to use your fingertip, you can vary
the playing time by the length of time
you keep your finger on the two leads.
One to five seconds of contact time is
usually enough to produce between five
and 35 minutes of playing time.
The shut -down timer can be used to
control almost any appliance if a separate battery is used for the timer and with
output 2 driving a relay. The relay can
then apply power through its own contacts to the appliance.
O
BATTERY +
01
ICI
4011
RI
10M
OUTPUT 2
R2
5.2K
10
OUTPUT
SI
12
13
T2iCI
--R1
BATTERY-
Fig.
1.
e-
Four parallel gates supply added power.

PARTS LIST
CI- 220-F low- leakage capacitor

ICI -4011 quad NAND gate (CMOS)
Ql- 2N2222 or any low -leakage npn silicon
transistor
RI- O- megohm, '/s- or -watt resistor
I
R2 -5200 -ohm, /s- or

SI -See text
1/4
1/4
-watt resistor
lU
S1<
OUT
\b \e7Q
V- OUT
Fig. 2. Small pc
board and component
layout are shown.
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
t****************************.
*
2
*
THIS
BUILD
TUT -6
*
S
*
YOUR
SOFTWARE CONTROL
CAN *
INCLUDE INTERLACE. SCROLLING.*
i A FULL PERFORMANCE CURSOR
S
a
a
a
S
BUILD THE
TVT- 6 Part
II
System debugging, software, and

how to interface to other processors.
uP TO 4096 SHARP CHARACTERS

ON THE
SCREEN IN LESS
THAN
THREE MEGAHERTZ Ty BANDWIDTH
S
*
*
BY DON LANCASTER
pendent of the SCAN program. The only

things the two programs share in corn mon are the same pages of display
memory. The screen -read -to- cassette
can be performed using the existing
KIM -1 operating system programs. You
can also load from cassette to display,
using the automatic search firmware.
Table IV is a 16- line /64- character
scan program that requires only 64
words to be written into memory for the
entire program. This program can be
used to display the entire 1 k of minimum
KIM -1 memory for use as a super front panel display if desired. For display -only
applications, 1k of contiguous memory
cally generates almost all the timing required by the TVT -6 and its companion
TV monitor for this display format. The
program is run by jumping to memory location 17Ad. The display is stopped by
interrupting with the operating system,
the cursor, or other program.
Table Ill is an optional full- performance cursor for the 16 x 32 system
and includes scrolling, full cursor motion, and erase -to- end -of- screen capabilities. It is run by allowing the keypress signal from the keyboard to interrupt the scan program (any of the three
Tables) via the IRO interrupt line. Note
that the cursor program is totally inde-
LAST MONTH, we discussed construction of the TVT -6 TV typewriter

and explained how it works and how it is
connected to a KIM -1 microcomputer.
We also started a discussion of the operating secrets of the TVT -6. Here, we
complete the "secrets" discussion and
go on to system debugging, some useful
programs, and tell you how to interface
the TVT -6 with other microprocessors.
Software.
Four examples of tested,

annotated, and workable KIM -1 software are given in the tables in this article. Table II contains a 16 x 32 scan
program with full interlace. It automati-
63OpS
IPS
--63PS
02 INPUT;
+3V
ICB,P d01
I68,P 2
+3V
-1
-.1
1
+3
DECODE ENABLE
IC2, PIN 6
LE
IC7,
PIN 14
+3V
L2: IC7, PINI5
6 CYCLES
PRESENT
DURING
ACTIVE
SCAN
ONLY
(A)
L4: IC7, PENIS
DECODE ENABLE
IC2. PIN
61
SCAN
BLANK AND TRACE
CG ROW
ADDRESSED
HI (ABO)
(0)
EVEN FIELD
1.121481)
104 SCANS,
RETRACE,
H4 (482)
BLANKING
ODD
160 ACTIVE
SCANS
(16 510)
1105 SCANS,
RETRACE,
FIELD
160 ACTIVE
SCANS
(I6x10)
PROGRAM FORMAT
H8(483)
1177777777777771
POSITION
VERTIC3.
, FIN 12
HIB(684)
1177777777777771
I
+5V
VERT.SYNC
ICIO, PIN 8
635S
!FRAME =I /30th SECOND
32pS
31P3
+4.4V
+2.5V
-+l -- -2OOPS
(E)
UNDEFINED
+3.5V +1.5V
RAW VIDEO
IC8,
(B)
B)
PIN 9
.2V +.2V
63y5
DECODE ENABLE
IC2,
PIN 6
3155
32p5
LANK AND RETRACE
SCAN
H. POS ITION
IC3, PIN 2
+3
r +5
WHITE
DELAYED VIDEO
IC9, PIN 2
BLACK
ENHANCED VIDEO
IC9,PIN3
WHITE
H.SYNC
(CIO, PIN
II
-H
TV OUTPUT
(J2)
(C)
BLACK
H
4V
2.8V
-2.4V
SYNC
1.6 V
Fig.
7.
TVT-6 waveforms with Table II program: (A) video
rate; (B) horizontal rate; (C) horizontal sync;

(D) character rate; (E) vertical rate; (F) outputs.
-4)/
VIDEOOUTPUT
I)
-OV
I LINE
(F)
TABLE II
16
line X 32 character per line Interlaced
TVT6 Raster Scan:
Displayed 0200-03FF
Program Space 1780 -17E2
Start - JMP 17Ad

End - Interrupt
- 6502
System - RIM-1
i1P
HSIVSIL41L21L11
01 11v8
V4
V2
Upper Address
-1780
EA
8d (8A)
48
68
BNE
JSR
ADC
CMP
dO
20
69
C9
1794
1797
BCC
JSR
JSR
TAX
90 FO*
20 (EC)
20 00
AA
1798
179b
179d
17A0
LDA
ADC
STA
TXA
Ad
69
88
17A1
17A3
17A4
17A6
BNE
NOP
ADC
JSR
dO
17A9
17b0
CMP
BCC
IDA
EOR
C9 84
90 d3*
Ad (dF)
49 80
17b4
17b7
1789
HMI
STA
LOX
JSR
30 05*
88 (dF)
A2
66
20 (EO)
JSR
BPL
STA
LDX
20
JSR
CID
PHA
PIA
20
d8
48
68
LDA
STA
IDA
STA
A9
17d6
17d9
17dA
JS R
20
CLC
DEX
18
Initialize carry
CA
One less
17db
L-4.17dd
17dF
17E0
BMI
BCS
30
10
80
80
17E2
RTS
60
1784
1785
1786
1788
1788
178F
1791
-s-17Ab
- START -0- 17Ad
17bC
--.17F
1701
17C4
L-17C6
17C9
17CA
17Cb
17Cc
17CE
1781
17d3
NOTES:
BPL
00
00
08
CO
(89)
IF
(89)
(17)
80
80
(17)
(17)
00
(KO)
10
05*
8d (dF)
A2
67
1E
118 1"114
H2
81
80
(57)
(17)
(17)
(57)
80
(17)
A9 82
88 (8A)
(17)
00
VS =
1?
Equalize 15 cycles via sub

/// /Character Scan 9////
Save Upper Address
EVEN FIELD V
SYNC AND SETUP
Equalize 5 cycles
continued
Add carry; Reset VS
/ / / /Character Scan 10////
Get Interlace word

Change field
Jump if even field
Odd Field V Sync; Restore Interlace word
Load short number of VB scans
Equalize 15 cycles via sub
Equalize 15 cycles via sub again

Jump if odd field
Even Field V Sync; restore interlace
load long number of V Blank scans
/// /1st V blanking scan
///
80
Initialize lower address

Continued
Initialize upper address
Continued
// /Remaining V Blanking
scans/ ///
scan
Start Character scan

Repeat Vertical blanking scan
Interlace word storage
// /Equalize 15 SUBROUTINE / ///
Continued.
Both 17b4 and 17C1 require that page 17 be enabled

when page 57 is addressed.
This is done automatically
with RIM -1 circuitry.
Step 1788 goes to where the upper address stored in 178A

and the lower address stored in 1789 tells it to. Values
in these slots continuously change throughout the program.
For a 525 -line system, use 17b8 64 and 17C5 65 and a KIM-1
crystal of 992.250 kHz.
This is only needed for video
superposition and titling applications.
Normal program horizontal frequency 15,873.015 Hz;

Vertical frequency 60.0114 Hz.
63 us per line; 264.5 lines.
Denotes a relative branch that is program length
sensitive.
*
(
Denotes an absolute address that
sensitive.
is
program location
TVT6 length jumper must be in "32" position.
50
11769 17Ca1
Get Lower Address

Increment L: Set C on V4 overflow
Restore lower word; save carry
Get Lower Word
TVT6 must be connected and scan microprogram PROM (IC1)

must be in circuit for program to run.
/Ad,
Is it line "17 "?

No, continue character scans
(17)
00
8d (89)
A4*
Ed*
,1
Equalize 9 cycles
Continued
Continued
00
START
Continued
/// /Character Scans
-8////
Increment Character Scan Counter
No, do next character scan
(17)
EA
CO
00
1116
Equalize 2 cycles
Store upper address
Equalize 10 cycles
Continued
Is
8A
69
20
Lower Address
NOP
STA
PHA
PLA
F-0-1781
V1
is required. Keep in mind that the KIM -1

has some operating system slots in the
top of page zero and the stack at the top
of page one. Unless you actually want to

display the stack and operating system
parameters, do not use these slots.
The 64- character line makes the TV
receiver's horizontal frequency run considerably Icwer than normal. This will require a readjustment of the horizontal hold contrcl or some extra capacitance
across the existing horizontal -hold capacitor. The width of the raster may also
have to be reduced; this is most easily
accomplished by adding a low -value inductor in series with the yoke. These
changes are best made in a small screen, transformer- powered monochrome TV receiver. The tradeoff of a
lowered horizontal frequency produces
a long character line but still allows 1
is /character. This will not tax the bandwidth restrctions of TV receivers or r-f
modulators. (Editor's Note: The small screen Sears TV receiver we used required adjustment of horizontal size
and linearity, a 0.033 -1LF Mylar capacitor
in parallel with the 0.068 -1F capacitor
used for C408 in the receiver, and an inductor corsisting of 60 turns of No. 24
enameled wire on a'h" Nylon form in series with the red yoke lead in the receiver. In addition, it was necessary to disconnect one side of C201 in the receiver
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
Table III
Full- performance Cursor:
16 X 32
DO CHARACTER
SCAN
11788
/81,1
Displayed 0200-03FP
Program Space 0100 -01dF
Start -- 3R1
P -- 6502
System -- %IM-1 End --- RTI
Input
END OF
CHARACTER,
11
to Parallel Word A
10[A7[A6[A5[A4[A3[A2IAll
/Ho 178FI
-.4 F.-10
Carriage Return - CR (08)
Cursor Up - VT (0b)
Cursor Down - LF (0A)
Cursor Home - SOH (0A)

Scroll Up - DC1 (11)
Erase to End - DC2 (12)
Spare Hook - DC3 (13)
Cursor Left - BS (08)

Cursor Right - HT (09)
Enter -- All characters

Ignore -- All other CTRL
Clear - CAN
(18)
ps
COMPUTE NEW
CHARACTER LINE
1174817A,
ADDRESS
Enter via
IRO
END OF
SCREEN'
0100
48
BEQ
CMP
BNE
LDA
FO
C9
d0
04*
02
3A*
b1
(Ed)
29
7F
91
0113
0116
AND
STA
LDA
CMP
Ad
(Ed)
00
C9
20
Erase old cursor

Replace character without cursor
Get new character from A parallel Int.
Is it a character to be entered?
0142-0.---0118
011A
BCS
CMP
28*
Yes, go and enter character
18
015E-o---011C
011E
BEQ
CMP
b0
C9
FO
C9
Clear Screen?
Yes, clear screen
Return Carriage?
01520120
BEQ
CMP
FO
C9
FO
C9
30*
Ob
6E*
OA
Yes, Return carriage

Cursor Up?
Yes, Up Cursor
FO
C9
FO
C9
3C*
09
2A*
Yes, Down Cursor
08
Cursor Right?
Yes, Right Cursor
Cursor Left?
75*
Yes,
11
Left Cursor
Cursor Home?
Yes, Home Cursor
Scroll Up?
3b*
Yes,
0107
0109
F--010b
ODD FIELD V
SYNC AND SETUP
01od
00
AS (EE)
C9 03
AO
OX to continue
Is cursor on page 2?
No, Home cursor
Get old cursored character
Yes,
0147
010F
0111
0122
0194-4----0124
0126
0166-4---0128
012A
BF.Q
CMP
BEQ
0158-.4----012C
CMP
BEQ
012E
to defeat the sound trap. Never attempt

to modify a TV receiver that is powered
directly from the ac line without an isolat-
01A7-r-0130
BE Q
0132
0147 -4----0134
0136
CMP
BEQ
CMP
FO
C9
FO
C9
ing transformer.)
Table V contains a program that we
call "Cruncher the Bear." This program
produces 64 fully interlaced characters
in each of 32 rows, for a total of 2048
sharp ASCII characters on- screen at
one time within the 3 -MHz bandwidth.
You can add a hex -to -ASCII converter
that slowly sequences high- and low order machine code characters in the
same slot and end up with 4096 hex
characters displayed in only 3 MHz of
bandwidth.
Table V requires a contiguous 2k of
memory with a common upstream tap
and separate chip enables. However, it
is easily incorporated if you really want
or need to display as many characters
as the program allows.
Other software is easily written and
developed for the TVT -6. For example,
you may wish to have a 32 x 44 or a 32
x 48 character display and still use normal, or nearly normal, horizontal scanning rates. This allows for video titling
and superimposition, oversize characters, color graphics, lower -case characters, and game displays. There is no
lower limit to the number of character
rows or characters per line you can use.
If you have limited memory available,
0175 -*---0138
BEQ
CMP
BEQ
CMP
FO
C9
FO
C9
0142
BEQ
JSR
---0145
BNE
0147
JSR
6F*
FO
20 (D3)
d0 03*
20 (C2)
-1.'014A
LDA
ORA
b1
09
80
91
(Ed)
0150
STA
PLA
-0151
STI
0152
0154
0156
LDA
ORA
STA
40
A5
0158
015E
JSR
JMP
JSR
0161
JSR
013A
014A --013C
013E
Otbt-0140
014C
014E
-015b
0147--0164
Cursor Down?
01
11*
Scroll Up
Spare Hook?
Ignore -- Restore Cursor
Erase to EOS?
12
OC*
13
Yes, Erase to EOS

(01)
/ / / / /Enter
(01)
End of Screen?
Yes, Home Cursor
/ / / /Restore Cursor / / ///
Add cursor to cursored character
Replace cursored character
Get A
(Ed)
68
Return to Scan
/ / / /Carriage Return / / ///
Move Cursor to Right End
Restore Cursor
(Ed)
09
85
(Ed)
20
4C
20
20
(d5)
(45)
(C2)
(Cb)
El*
Character / / ///
1F
(01)
(01)
(01)
(01)
Increment Cursor
Finish
/// /Clear /// /Home Cursor
Clear Screen
BEQ
LDA
FO
-0LC
18
ADC
69
85 (Ed)
90 03*
20 (d9)
016F__L016d
0172
STA
BCC
JSR
JMP
(45)
(01)
(01)
Restore Cursor
Overflow of page?
Yes, increment upper page
Finish
0175
0178
017A
017C
JSR
LDY
LDA
LDY
20 (C2)
(01)
///
017E
JSR
BNE
CLC
LDA
0166
0168
0169
016b
0181
0183
0184
0186
0188
018A
014A
17
40*
Od
CprP
AUGUST 1977
Save A
Reset Y Index
Get Cursor and test for range
Is cursor on page 3?
PHA
LDY
LDA
CMP
0101
0103
0105
+ -018C
STA
LDA
STA
BCS
Finish
/// /Cursor Down / /// Get Cursor
Clear Carry
Move Cursor Down
A5 (Ed)
4C
20
AO
20
b1
(Ed)
AO
00
20 (d3)
d0
F5*
18
A9
01
85 (EE)
A9 NO
85 (Ed)
b0 bC*
/Scroll Up / /// Home Cursor

Add Offset to Index
Get Offset Indexed Character
Remove Offset from Index

(01)
Enter Moved Character and Increment

Repeat?
Clear Carry
Set A to page 3
Set Cursor to Page 3
Set A to start of last line
Set Cursor to Start of last line
Finish if carry set
(Continued on next page.)

51
Table III (Continued)

018E
0191
0192
0194
JSR
SEC
BCS
LDA
20
38
b0
A5
0196
0197
0199
SEC
SBC
STA
BCS
E9 20
85 (Ed)
b0 Ad*
Set Carry
Move up one line
Restore Cursor
Underflow of page?
DEC
LDA
CMP
BNE
C6 (BE)
A9
01
C5 (EE)
d0 A5*
Yes, decrement page

Set A to Page 1
Did screen underflow?
No, Finish
BEQ
DEC
LDA
CMP
FO
AO*
C6
(Ed)
A9
FF
05
(Ed)
Yes, Home Cursor

/ //Cursor Left /// /Decrement Cursor
Set A to page underflow
Test for page underflow
BEQ
ENE
LDA
PHA
FO EE*
d0 99*
AS (EE)
LDA
PHA
JSR
PIA
A5
85 (Ed)
014A-0-0100
STA
PIA
STA
BNE
68
85 (EE)
dO 88*
Restore lower cursor

Get upper cursor location
Restore upper cursor
Finish
0102
01C4
0106
01C8
LDA
STA
LDA
STA
A9 ^00
85 (Ed)
A9 02
85 (EE)
// /SUB/ /Home Cursor ///

Set lower cursor to zero
Put page 2 in A
Set upper cursor to 0200
01CA
01Cb
01Cd
01d0
RTS 60
20
LDA A9
JSR 20 (d3)
BNB .d0 F9*
01d2
01d3
01d5
01d7
RES
STA
INC
ENE
014A+r-019b
019d
019F
01A1
014A-r---01A3
0147+-01A5
01A7
01A9
01 Ab
019d
014A
f-01Ad
-r-01Af
01b1
01b3
01b4
01b6
01b7
01bA
Olbb
Olbd
01bE
(Cb)
(01)
PO*
(Ed)
38
START
10100
10105
01051
011E1
(Ed)
(01)
MIA(
Get lower cursor location

Save lower cursor location
Clear to End of Screen
Get lower cursor location
011E
01d9 :INC
01db 'LDA
01dd CMP
Oldf RTS
60
91
(Ed)
E6
A9
C5
60
(EE)
04
(EE)
(01)
Return to main program

// /SUB / /Enter Space///
Enter space via Sub
Repeat if not to end
M,
CLEAR
SCREEN'
11UME
CURSOR
RETURN
RETURN
CARRIAGE
CARRIAGE,
UP
CURSOR
CURSOR>
UP
/104

/// /SUB / /Enter, Increment // store
Increment Cursor
Overflow?
012E
DOWN
^. 2
YES
CURSOR
DOWN
CURSOR,
10166 0172)
Increment cursor page to 03

Load A with page 4
Test for Overflow
Yes,
012F
NOTES:
MACHINE
COMMAND'
YES
01221
E6 (Ed)
dO 06*
VALID
CURSOR'
Change Page if off Page

Finish if on page
/// /Erase to EOS // /Get Cursor
Save Upper cursor location
48
48
20 (Cb)
68
Clear last line

Set Carry
Restore Cursor to start of last line
/// /Cursor Up/ / / / /Get Cursor
vector must be stored in 17FE 00
and
00F3 04.
YES
I
17FF 01.
To enable entry load
URSOY
10158 01561
Total available stack length is 32 words.

Approximately
16 are used by operating system, cursor, and scan program.
Stack must be initialized to 01FF as is done in RIM -1
operating system.
For 30 additional stack locations,
relocate subroutines starting at 01C2 elsewhere.
To protect page, load
RIGHT
CURSOR'
NO
012E
LEFT
CURSOR'
YES
DECREMENT
CURSOR
101A7 01AA1
00F3 00.
NO
Cursor address is stored at OOEd low and OOZE high on

page zero.
To display cursor load 014d 80.

load 014d 00.
*

sensitive.
Denotes an absolute address

sensitive.
(
you can run 8 x 32, 4 x 64, 1 x 64, or

even 1 x 8 character formats. All this
takes is software changes, and the circuitry of the TVT -6 remains the same.
Initial Debugging. At this point, there

should be no IC's in the sockets of the
TVT -6 board assembly. Start by connecting the LENGTH jumper to 32 and the
CURSOR jumper to YES on the TVT -6
board. (Note: These points are pads located at the center of the circuit board,
not the edge- connector contacts.) Temporarily insert a jumper wire between
52
To not display cursor
ti:
at is program
locet`n
pins 3 and 14 on the IC5 socket. Center

the two position control potentiometers
and install IC1, IC2, and 106 in their respective sockets.
Connect your video monitor to the
TVT -6 board and power up the system.
Check for the presence of the SCAN instructions (see PROM Truth Table in
Fig. 1 of Part 1) at hex locations 8000
through 8020. Write a simple program
that jumps to a subroutine at location
8000 and then loops. Single -step
through this program to verify proper operation of the SCAN instruction. Do not
USING THE TIIT -6 WITH OTHER

POPULAR MICROPROCESSORS
Both parts of this article have used the

TVT -6 with the E3502 microprocessor based KIM-1 microcomputer. Here is
how to use the TVT -6 in C's that use
other popular microprocessors.
6800. The 6800 p.P is very similar to
the 6502 and, therefore, is easiest to
convert. The SCAN microprogram can
be LDAB(C6) fol words 0 through 30
and RTS(39) for word 31. A literal translation of the tightest part of the SCAN
program (1D;1782 through 178C) is:
ADDA(8B);
STA(B7);
JS13(BD);
CMPA(81); BCC(24). This routine requires 25 p.s to cycle through as cornpared to the 21 po; required for the 6502.
HOME
CURSOR?
NO
SCROLL
SCROLL
UP?
UP
ERASE
LAST LINE
SPARE
HOOK'
10161 0164,
NO
ERASE
EOS?
SAVE
CURSOR
CLEAR TO END
OF SCREEN
101671
101421
RESTORE
CURSOR
I01IA
HICO)
ENTER CHARACTER
AND INCREMENT
END
OF SCREEN?
(0147)
HOME
CURSOR
(0156)
LOAD NEW
CURSOR
(01561
RTI
END
-4
8080.
A stock 8080 p P can normally

change its program counter once every
s, but it can be "tricked" into doubling

its speed during a SCAN microprogram
by driving the usual address line A9 of
2
the display memory from SYNC. The

SCAN microprogram is then NOP(00)
for words 0 through 30 and RET(A9) for
word 31. A tighter than literal translation
of the SCAN program (1D;1782 through
178C)
is:
STAXB(02); CALL(AD);
ADD(82); CMP(BB); JNC(DB), which requires 24 s to cycle through. Here, the
TVT -6 address lines A5 through Al
remust be relabelled A4 through
spectively.
Z80. The Z80 pip can use 8080 developed software with speed -doubling
scans, or it can simply be run faster, al-
4,
lowing the program counter to change

once every microsecond. Use a literal
translation of the program for the 6502.
12 Address Line P's. The four
upper address lines of 12 address line
P's can be decoded to allow normal
operation, 8 to 12 lines of scan, a vertical sync pulse, an operating return system, and an optional "page-change"
command. This leaves a 256 -character
page on the bottom eight bits, and the
"page- change" command can be
latched to change to any number of additional pages, as required.
General Hints. Horizontal scan
should last at least 62, 63.5, or 64 s for
conventional horizontal- frequency operation. The microprogram scan must end
exactly this number of microseconds lat-
er for each horizontal line in the total

scan program. The total number of lines
must produce a vertical frequency between 59.9 and 60.1 Hz per field. Note
that a portion of the RTS time will be
spent during the active (microprogram)
scan time. Horizontal scans that last
longer than 85 s may make it difficult to
obtain TV interface.
You can shorten a blank microprogram active scan by an even number
simply by jumping ahead when you call
your subroutine. For example, a JSR
8000 may produce a 32- character scan,
while a JSR 8002 can produce a
30- character scan. This approach can
come in handy when there is a need for
equalizing scan lengths between character rows and during vertical retrace.
TABLE IV
16 line X 64
character per line TVT6 Raster Scan:

117AAI
- JMP 17A
End - Interrupt
HS
VS
14
L2
L1
V21 V1 1832 18161881 841 821 81
01 V81 V4
Upper Address
-1780
1782
r*
Displayed 0000 - 03FF

Program Space 1780-17bE
Start
uP - 6502
System - KIM -1
117Ah1
Lower Address
DO V BLANK
LDA
STA
A9 80
8d (87)
00
20
08
69
1785
1788
JSR
ADC
178A
1780
CMP
178E
178F
TAX
LDA
AA
Ad
(86)
1792
80
20
b0
69
00
1794
1797
1799
BCS
JSR
BCS
ADC
1798
179E
179F
17A2
STA
TXA
JSR
ADC
8d (86)
8A
20
00
69
CO
BCC
C9
90
(17)
80
CO
F4*
04
(17)
80
00
3F
(17)
80
Initialize Upper Address

Store Upper Address
////Character Scans 1 -8////
Increment character scan counter
SCA41
Is VS = 1?
No, Do next character
LAS
VB+
scan
1171,01
Save Upper Address

Get lower address
Equalize 3 cycles
/// /Character Scan 9////
Equalize 3 cycles
Increment Lower; Set C on V2 overflow
DO CHARACTER
SCAN
Restore Lower Address; save carry

Get upper address
/ / / /Character Scan 10 / ///
Add Carry; Reset VS
END JIF
CHARACTER'
17A4
CMP
17A6
17A8
17AA
BCC
BCS
17Ab
17E
17b0
1782
JSR
LDX
LDA
SPA
1785
1786
1788
1788
CIO
BCS
JSR
DEX
1780
1.4178E
- START-
NOTES:
CLD
C9
90
b0
d8
84
dA*
00
20
00
A2
22
A9
8d
00
1171,5 170E1
It
is "Line
11780 178A)
1178C1
17 "?
continue character scans

Yes, Go to vertical blanking scans
No,
Equalize
CO
(86)
(17)
b0
20
CA
00
00
80
BMI
30
BPL
10
C2*
F5*
18
cycles
COMPUTE NEW
/ / / /Vertical
Sync Scan / ///

Load #V Blank Scans -2
CHARACTER LINE
11792 17A41
ADDRESS
Initialize Lower Address

Continued
Equalize 2 cycles
Equalize 2 cycles again
/// /Vertical Blanking Scans/ ///
117A41
One less scan
Start Character Scan

Repeat Vertical Blanking scans
TVT6 must be connected and scan microprogram PROM

must be in circuit for program t, run
16
, 64 RASTER SCAN
(I01)
Step 1785 goes to where the upper address stored in 1787

and the lower address stored in 1786 tells it to.
Values
Normal program horizontal frequency is 11,764.705 Hz.
Vertical Frequency is 60,024 Hz. 85 us per line;
196 lines.
Character time 1 us.
160 active lines,
36 retrace.
Needs TV set adjustment and possible modification
(hold and width).
*

sensitive.
Denotes an absolute address that is program location

sensitive.
(
TVT6 length jumper must be in "64" position.
proceed beyond this point until you are

certain tat the SCAN subroutine is operating properly. (Critical waveforms to
be obseved with an oscilloscope are illustrated in Fig. 7 using the program listed in Table II.)
Insert IC3 into its socket and load the
program given in Table II. (Never install
an IC in a powered circuit; always turn
off the power, install the IC, and power
up again.) Set the address to 17Ad and
depress GO. Using an oscilloscope,
check at test point VR for the presence
of a 60 -Hz pulse. Switch the scope to
line -sync and observe that the pulse remains fixed or drifts very slowly across
the screen. Again, do not proceed until
you are certain that the SCAN program
is operating properly.
54
Install all remaining IC's, except IC5,

in their respective sockets on the TVT -6
board. At this point, the screen should

be filled with a stable display of 512 cursor boxes. Viewed up close, the boxes
should appear to be "hiding" characters.
Do not proceed until you have the indicated display.
Checking with Fig. 7, particularly with
respect to the LOAD and CLOCK on IC8
(Fig. 7A) verify whether or not the appropriate waveforms are present. If they
are, remove the jumper wire from the
105 socket and install 105. Now, the
screen of the monitor should have displayed on it a full array of characters
with about half of them winking cursor
blocks. Load the following hex numbers
into memory, starting at location 0200:
n7Cn
1(1,.l1
11700 17CAi
ODD
SYNC
I
.
!LLD V
SETUIP
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
20, 20, 20, 50, 4F, 50, 55, 4C, 41, 52,
20, 20, 45, 4C, 45, 43, 54, 52, 4F, 4E,
49, 43, 53, 20, 20, 54, 56, 54, 2D, 36, 20,
20. Return to address 17Ad and depress
GO. The top display line should now
read
ELECTRONICS
"POPULAR
TVT-6" and be indented three spaces. If
all is well to this point, you can begin
feeding in your cursor programs, add external keyboard and /or cassette loads
and dumps, etc.
Should you encounter problems with
your TVT-6, always begin debugging by
using the 16 x 32 format on a KIM -1,
even if you plan on using longer line
lengths or plan to translate the code into
another coding system. Note that the
translation must be at the machine-language level because the SCAN program
must provide the exact number of machine cycles as well as the proper sequencing. The 64- character lines will require some adjustments to be made in
the monitor TV receiver's horizontal circuit as detailed earlier.
TABLE V
CRUNCHER THE BEAR Program for a 32 line X 64 character per
line TVT6 raster scan:
}LP
- 6502
System
HS
VS
CHARACTER?
OMA
178C)
ADC
69 3F
8d (86)
68
20 OC
179b
179d
ADC
-179F
17A1
17A4
-.17A6
END OF
SCREEN?
CMP
BCC
LDA
69
C9
90
V8
V4
V2
v1
90
A2
(17)
(17)
80
22
-17b4
(17)
17b6
17b9
STA
LDY
7bb
DEY
BPL
8d (86)
AO 06
88
10
Fd
17bE
BCS
LDA
STA
IDA
b0
STA
LOX
JSR
PHA
8d
A2
20
48
17d0
[4.17d1
17d2
17d3
PIA
68
d8
CIO
JSR
18
17d6
17d7
DEX
BMI
CA
BPL
10
1702
1705
A9
8d
A9
OLD
20
30
(17)
OC*
88
(81)
(57)
90
(9E)
23
3F
00
A7*
F6*
H8
H4
H2
H11
scan
Save Upper Address

Get Lower address
Increment L; Set Carry on V2 overflow

Restore L; Save carry
Get Upper Word
/ / / /Character Scans 8,9 / ///
repeat Character Scans
Get Interlace word
Set Carry if Odd Field finished

Start Even Field if Carry Clear
Load Even number of V Scans -2
Load Even Field Upper Start
78
OC*
(57)
-START -17C0
Initialize Upper Address

Stare Upper Address
/ / / /Character Scans O -7/1/1
Increment Character Gen by 2
No,
(17)
88
A9
8d (9E)
A9 00
17bC
1816
Lower Address
Add Carry; Reset Upper Address

Is it "Line 33 "?
80
832
Is VS = 1?
No, Do next character
CO
88
E1*
Ad (81)
69
ADC
BCC
LDX
LDA
80
CO
90 F4*
48
Ad (86)
STA
PIA
JSR
(17)
(81)
17b1
80
8d (87)
20 00
69
10
8d
NOTES:
17`11,;
A9
COMPUTE NEW
1/81
V16
STA
LDA
STA
IAA
17AC
17AF
L+17d9
CHARACTER LINE
ADDRESS
Lt I
1792
1794
1797
1798
17CC
17Cf
END OF
C9
178E
178F
17CA
NO
L2
CMP
BCC
PHA
LDA
178A
--4-1780
17C7
1188'.
Program Space 1780 -17dA
A9
1785
1788
ed here full construction and operating

details for a very versatile and inexpen-
'1780
L4
Displayed
End - Interrupt
LDA
STA
JSR
ADC
1780
--1782
Closing Remarks. We have present-
DO CHARACTER
SCAN
0000-07FF
Start - JMP 17C0
Upper Address
17A8
17AA
sive TV typewriter for use with the KIM -1

microcomputer. If you have a computer
that uses a microprocessor other than
the 6502 used in the KIM -1, we refer you
to the box for use details.
KIM-1
(17)
80
80
Even Field V Sync + Restore Interlace

Even Field Line 33 CMP Value
Store Even 33 CMP Value
Clear Accumulator
Initialize Lower Address

Equalize 31 cycles
continued
continued
Jump if even field
Load Odd Field Upper Start
Odd Field V Sync + Restore Interlace
Odd Field line 33 CMP Value
Store Odd 33 CMP Value

Load Odd number of V Scans
/ ///
1st V Blanking Scan/ ///
Equalize 7
continued
Equalize 4
continued
/ /// Other V Blanking Scans
/ ///
One Less scan

Start Character Scans
Repeat V Blanking Scan
TVT6 must be connected and scan microprogram PROM IC1

must be in circuit for program to run.
TVT6 length
jumper must be in "64" position.
Step 1785 goes to where the upper address stored in 1787

and the lower address stored in 1789 tells it to.
Values
nay
Step 1781 is 80 for even fields and 88 for odd fields.

Step 179E is 88 for even fields and 90 for odd fields.
E
'1
ODD
Both 17AC and 1702 require that page 17 be enabled when

page 57 is addressed.
This is done automatically with
KIM -1 circuitry.
/A1 1/.16'
PICK
FIELD
EVEN FIELD V
SYNC SETUP
DO V
BLANK SCAN
I1 AA l ]L1'
Note that 2K worth of contiguous memory from 0000 to 07FF

is needed. This takes a KIM -1 modification. Both sets of
1k words must share a common upstream tap but be
separately enabled.
Normal program horizontal frequency is 11,764.705 Hz.

Vertical Frequency is 59.8712 Hz. For 60 Hz vertical
use 1.002150 MHz crystal.
85 us per line; 196.5
interlaced lines per field; two fields per frame.
One us
character time, 160 active lines per field. Needs TV
set adjustment and possible modification (hold and width).
*
Denotes a relative branch that is program length sensitive.
Denotes an absolute address that is program location

sensitive.
(
AUGUST 1977
HOW TO CONVERT A
"FOUR BANGER"
FOR STOPWATCH FUNCTIONS
BY CHARLES STANFORD
the timing function -including some calculators with memory and other high level functions. The only requirement is
the automatic- constant feature on the +
function. To check whether or not your
calculator has this feature, key in ., 1, +,
=, = = If your calculator has the automatic- constant feature, 0.3 should appear in the display. If the reading remains at 0.1, the calculator cannot be
used.
The circuit shown in Fig. 1 consists of
a 5369 CMOS programmable counter- divider IC (IC1) with a 3.579545- MHz
crystal to deliver a 60 -Hz output; a divide -by -six counter (1C2); and a CMOS
analog switch (1C3). Pushbutton switch
S1 enables 1C3 and effectively closes
the = key in the calculator 10 times a
second. CMOS circuitry provides very
low battery drain and allows use of any
battery that can deliver 3 to 16 volts.
Integrated circuit IC1 contains a crystal oscillator amplifier that causes the
crystal to resonate, a 16 -stage divider,
and a fractional divider to provide the
MOST low -cost "four- banger" calculators can be converted to provide a stopwatch function with 0.1second resolution by adding the inexpensive three -IC circuit described here.
The circuit in no way alters the normal
operation of the calculator. It provides
crystal -controlled accuracy of 0.05% or
better and has a drain of 3 mA or less.
The timer circuit can be added to any
calculator that has an automatic -constant feature on the addition ( +) function. Once installed, it can be used to
time virtually any event from a race to
developing a photograph to baking a
cake. In addition, you can even convert
directly to miles or kilometers /hour,
feet /minute or second, etc. For example, you can check the accuracy of your
car's speedometer by clocking a measured mile and dividing the time in seconds into 3600 to find the average
miles /hour.
About the Circuit. Many low-cost

calculators can be converted to provide
2,3,7,8,
7,10,11,12,13
14
13
IC2
66
IC3
YEL 411-9
3,4,7
6116
NC
Fig.
1.
14,5,11
KEYBOARD
YEL
RED
Timer updates count 10 times /second when constant is activated.
1- 5- 10 -40 -pF trimmer capacitor
C2-27 -pF ceramic capacitor

IC
MM5369
programmable
1oscillator/
divider (National)
1C2 -4018 CMOS presettable divide -by-N
counter
56
SI
14
NC
PARTS LIST
C
GRN
ICI
BLK
1,2,3,4,5,
9,10,1215
IC3-40 6 CMOS quad bilateral switch

22- megohm, 1/4 -watt resistor
S1-Miniature push -push spst switch
XTAL-3.579545 -MHz (color TV) crystal
Misc. -Printed circuit board; red, black, yellow, g. een stranded hookup wire; insulating
tape or fish paper; solder; etc.
R
I-
60 -Hz output. Presettable divide -by-N

counter IC2 is set to divide by 6 by connecting pin 6 to pin 1. The output of this
IC, taken at pin 13, is a 10 -Hz square
wave. Quac bilateral switch IC3 transmits an input signal to the output only
when it is triggered. With the 10 -Hz signal from IC2 connected to the toggle pin
of IC3, and the = key in the calculator
connected to the switch contacts, the =
function is iritiated 10 times/ second.
The timer function takes control of the
calculator only when Si is closed. With
S1 open, the calculator operates in its
normal manner.
Construction.
The timer circuit is best

assembled on a small printed circuit
board, the etching and drilling guide/
component -placement
diagram
for
which is shown in Fig. 2. It is important
to use care when mounting the crystal
so that it can be bent back to lie flat
against Rl. Alternatively, R1 can be
mounted on the bottom side of the board
and the crystal bent back to lie flat on the
board itself.
Install the IC's last, and practice safe
MOS -handl n g pprocedures when han dling and soldering the IC's in place.
(See MOS- handling article in this issue.)
When interconnecting the timer board
and calculator circuitry, make absolutely
certain that the power leads are connected in p -oper polarity. If you reverse
the power leads, the integrated circuits
can be destroyed.
Switch Si can be installed anywhere
sufficient space is available. (It fits nicely
directly opposite the power switch on the
Texas Instruments Model TI -1200 calculator this author used, requiring only
accurate drilling of a mounting hole in
the case. Check the fit of the switch and
pc board assembly before drilling any
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
holes to make sure switch and board will

fit in your calculator.
It is best to leave the interconnecting
leads a bit long to facilitate easy installation and calibration of the timer circuit.
The red ( +) lead from the timer goes to
any point on the calculator's bus after
the power switch. The black ( -) lead
then goes to any point on the calculator's negative bus.
The green and yellow leads connect
across the = key in the calculator. The
hookup points for the = key can be
found by trial and error with the aid of a
jumper wire. Simply jumper from one
contact to another, after feeding into the
calculator (via the keyboard) 1, +, =.
When you hit on the right combination,
the display will read 2. On calculators
with an X -Y matrix keyboard, each lead
from a vertical key row initiates a function with each lead from a horizontal
row. In the TI -1200, for example, there
are nine leads coming from the keyboard, four vertical and five horizontal;
the = function is controlled by the first
and eighth leads, counting from the left.
After you have identified the appropriate leads for the = key, determine their
polarity by using a small diode (a 1 N914,
for example) in series with the test lead.
The function will initiate only when the
cathode (banded) end of the diode
points toward the negative contact. Connect the green lead from the timer circuit
Before final assembly, completely insulate the timer board to avoid short circuits between leads or components.
Usually, all that is required is to place a
layer or two of masking or vinyl tape or a
single layer of fish paper on the foil side
of the board.
Using the Timer.

Fig. 2. Foil side, components
mount on other side of board.
Dots denote pin I of IC's.
to the negative contact. The yellow lead
then goes to the positive contact on the
keyboard. (Note: a very few calculators
cannot be keyed at the 300 -ohm "on"
resistance of IC3; with such calculators,
you must connect a 500-to -1000 -ohm
resistor between pins 8 and 9 of 1C3.)
Calibration.
The timer can be calibrated quickly and easily with the aid of a
frequency counter. If a counter is not
available, you can use an electric clock
with a large sweep second hand and obtain reasonable accuracy, trimming as
necessary.
Start calibration with the trimmer capacitor (Cl) centered and rotate it about
10 at a time. Ten minutes of timing
(600.0 seconds) will provide better than
0.05% accuracy if 10 trials provide results that are within 0.5 second.
Each time the calculator is turned on for use as a timer,

key in the following sequence: ., 1, +.
Then, when you depress S1, 0.1 will automatically be added to the display at
0.1- second intervals until Si is again
pressed. For successive timings, pressing the 0 key will clear the display while
retaining the + constant. You can also
count down from any number by entering the number via the calculator's
keyboard, followed by, -, .,1. If you press
the C (clear) key, you must reenter the
constant before timing another event.
Another section of 1C3 can be used in
the 10 -Hz line to provide remote actuation of the timer by a gate switch or photocell. This will require the addition of a
jack to your calculator, assuming there
is room to accommodate it.
The addition of the timing function to
an existing calculator is one way of updating a very versatile instrument. The
timer actually doubles the usefulness of
your calculator by providing a function
that is available commercially in only
very expensive calculators.
THE HP-25 AS A
DIGITAL CLOCK &TIMER

BY WILLIAM T. PETERS
THE PRECEDING article showed

you how to convert an inexpensive
four-function calculator to a stopwatch
by adding a three -IC circuit. This article
describes how to program an HP -25 calculator to make it serve as a clock /timer.
The display is in hours, minutes, and
seconds, and resolution is to the nearest
second.
The Program. To set
up the HP -25
calculator as a timer, first put the display
format into the FIX 4 mode. The display
will read 0.0000. Now, switch to the program (PRGM) mode and key in the following sequence:
AUGUST 1977
STEP
KEYSTROKES
01
RCL,
02
03
04
05
06
f, -mot. MS
f, PAUSE
RCL, 2
STO, +,
GTO, 01
Next, switch to the RUN mode and key

in: 3600, g, 1/x, sip, 2. Now, when you
press the run /stop (R /s) key, the calculator will begin counting in hours, minutes, and seconds (approximately). The
two digits preceding the decimal point in
the display are the hours; the two digits
immediately following the decimal point
are the minutes; and the two digits following the space are the seconds. You
will note that the display updates every
second as long as the calculator is in the
RUN mode.
After a few minutes, you will probably
find that your calculator is gaining time.
To remedy this, you can add one or
more steps to the program by pressing g
and then NOP for each step you wish to
add. These extra steps can be added
anywhere in the program before the final
step. Under no circumstances should
you attempt to adjust the calculator's internal oscillator, which would void the
manufacturer's warrantee.
57
Now your timer will probably be accurate enough for most photographic or
k,tchen timing. However, with a little further tinkering with the program, you can
improve the accuracy to within seconds
per day.
Better Accuracy.
If your calculator is
running slow, an increase in the number
stored in Register 2 will compensate. If
the calculator is running fast, the number in Register 2 will have to be decreased somewhat. For example, assume the timer is running 7 seconds
slow after 16 minutes (960 seconds).
You can compensate for this by increasing the number in Register 2 by 7/960.
Alternatively, if the timer is running fast
by 7 seconds, you can decrease the
number in register 2 by 7/960.
TTL LOGIC QUIZ

BY W.J. FISHER
Although the circuits shown here can

not be put to any practical use, they can
provide a test of your TTL IQ. For each
A
(
P--
circuit, determine the resulting outputs

at B for the two possible logic inputs ( "1"
or "0 ") at A.
o--o
(2)
Using the Program. You can use the

calculator as a stopclock by
pressing the R/s key at the beginning of
the event you wish to time. Then, at the
end of the event, hit the R/s key again to
stop the clock. The calculator will display
the elapsed time, unless you stopped
the clock while it was updating. To read
the elapsed time, key in RCL, 1, t,
HP -25
To use the calculator as a digital

clock, simply store the hour, minute, and
second from which you wish the calculator clock to start running in register 1.
Before storing this number, convert it to
a decimal -hour format by pressing
g,->H. While the HP -25 displays hours,
minutes, and seconds, the timing program "thinks" in decimal fractions of an
hour.
A simple program change turns the
calculator into a countdown timer. Store
the starting time in Register 1 and
change step 5 in the program to STO,
-1. Now, when the timing program is
started, the calculator will count down
from the time stored in Register 1, a second at a time.
Several of these countdown timer programs can be stored in the calculator simultaneously. They can be used as required by instructing the calculator to go
to (Gro) the first step of the desired program and then pressing R/s to begin
timing. In fact, the conditional-function
keys make it possible to program the
calculator to go from one countdown
program to the next automatically, although a small loss in timing precision
will be encountered because of increased program length. This is very
handy in a darkroom, where several processes of different duration must often
be timed in sequence.
58
(3) o+5
(4)
+5
5)
(6)
g--1
ci >
(7)
[=8'0=b'
0=8'0=d
0=84=t/
l=8 !0=b'
(9)
0=8!1=t1
(E)
1.=8 !1.-V (s)
l=8'0=b'
l=8 `1=1i
(Z)
=8 !0=v
0=8 `4=tJ (L)
0=8!0=b'
0=8 4=V (4)
0=8'0=b'
0=8 'l=b' (l)
:Sd3MSNV
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
BUILD A
DIGITAL
CAMERA
SHUTTER
TIMER
Low cost digital timer provides accurate check

of camera shutter speeds from 1 /1000th of a second to 1 second.
HAVE YOU ever wondered why a
camera whose diaphragm opening

and shutter -speed setting are adjusted
perfectly according to an exposure meter should regularly produce overexposed or underexposed negatives or
prints? Too often, the cause is a shutter
speed that deviates too much from the
camera's speed markings.
Now you can check your camera's actual shutter speed by building the electronic shutter tester presented here. If
the camera displays a gross speed inaccuracy, you'll know that you must cornAUGUST 1977
pensate for it by modifying the camera's

control adjustments (say, an f stop
greater or smaller than the exposure
meter's indication) or having the camera
serviced professionally.
With your own shutter tester, you can
test your camera at any time you feel it
needs adjustment. The shutter tester
described here uses digital circuits and
has six decades of display to give a high
order of accuracy.
About the Circuit.
The sensor /control circuit for the tester is shown in Fig.
1, while the counting circuit is shown in

Fig. 2. The two circuits are coupled
together via the +V and GND buses and
the points marked K going to each other.
When light strikes phototransistor 02

and not LDR1 in Fig. 1, the Darlington
circuit made up of 02 and ordinary transistor Q1 triggers on and supplies current to timer IC6. This causes the timer
IC to generate pulses at a frequency of
10,000 Hz. (Potentiometer R1 is provided for adjusting the operating frequency
of the oscillator to exactly 10,000 Hz.)
If at any time light strikes LDR1, the
59
Advanced Electronic
Be the
"New
Professional"
in electronics
CREI trains you at home
for one of the most important

career levels in electronics
plus offers you special
arrangements for engineering
degrees
Most people think there are only two

levels of careers in electronics: the
technician level and that of the degree
engineer.
There is, however, a third and very important level. It is that of the engineering
technician or practical engineer. The
growing importance of this career level
has created what might well be called the
"New Professional" in electronics.
If you look at the various levels of employment in electronics, you will understand why this "New Professional" is so
important.
The average technician is a person
who has had vocational training in electronics. He understands the basic principles of electronics so he can troubleshoot, repair and maintain equipment.
He usually works under close supervision in performing his duties.
The engineer has college training in
electronics. He usually supervises technician personnel and is responsible for
planning and developing of electronic
equipment and systems. Frequently,
however, engineers are more heavily
trained in the scientific principles of
electronics and less in their practical
application.
The engineering technician, by contrast, is a specialist in the practical application of electronics. His training usually
consists of a two -year college program
in electronic engineering technology. In
many organizations, the engineering technician handles several of the responsibilities of the degree engineer. He often
has the title of engineer.
CREI programs are designed to give
you at home the same level and depth of
training you receive in a two -year college program in electronic engineering
technology. CREI programs are, in fact,
more extensive than you will find in
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of the major fields of electronics.
Unique Design Lab

CREI gives you both theory and practical experience in circuit design with its
Electronic Design Laboratory Program.
The professional equipment included in
this program allows you to construct,
test out and correct the circuits you design until you have an effective circuit.
This Lab Program helps you understand advanced electronics. It also gives
you practical experience in many other
important areas of electronics, as in pro0
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
areer Training at Home
totype construction, breadboarding, test

and measurement procedures, circuit
operation and behavior, characteristics
of electronic components and how to
apply integrated circuits.
Only CREI offers the unique Lab Program. It is a complete college Lab and,
we believe better than you will find in
most colleges. The "Lab" is one of the
factors that makes CREI training interesting and effective. And the professional equipment in this program becomes yours to keep and use throughout
your professional career after you complete the training.
Send for this FREE Book

describing your opportunities
and CREI college -level
programs in electronics
Engineering Degree
CREI offers you special arrangements
for earning credit for engineering degrees at certain colleges and universities
as part of your home study training program. An important advantage in these
arrangements is that you can continue
your full time job while "going to college" with CREI. This also means you
can apply your CREI training in your
work and get practical experience to
qualify for career advancement.
Wide Program Choice

CREI gives you a choice of specialization in 14 areas of electronics. You can
select exactly the area of electronics
best for your career field. You can specialize in such areas as computer electronics, communications engineering,
microwave, CATV, television (broadcast) engineering and many other areas
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Free Book
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over 80, fully illustrated pages describing
your opportunities in advanced electronics and the details of CREI home study
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Qualifications
You may be eligible to take a CREI college-level program in electronics if you
are a high school graduate (or the true
equivalent) and have previous training

or experience in electronics. Program
arrangements are available depending
upon whether you have extensive or
minimum experience in electronics.
AUGUST 1977
Mail card or write describing qualifications to
CAPITOL
RADIO
ENGINEERING
INSTITUTE
GI Bill
CREI programs
are approved
for training of
veterans and
servicemen under
the G.I. Bill.
McGraw -Hill Continuing Education Center

3939 Wisconsin Avenue Northwest
Washington, D.C. 20016
Accredited Member National Home Study Council
63
+v
ter/lens mechanism is positioned directly above Q2, in line with a high -intensity
light source. Switch S1 is momentarily
depressed to reset the counters to zero.
Then, when the shutter is tripped, the
system counts the number of pulses
generated between the opening and
DI
II
01
2N4264
I2.6V
CT
Cl
2200pF
GNC
Fig. 1. Timer IC6 is

gated into
oscillation when
light strikes Q2.
LDR1 is used to stop
operation when the
camera is removed
from support block.
PARTS LIST
C
1- 2200 -p.F,
16 -volt electrolytic capacitor
C2-0.022 -F Mylar capacitor

DIS through DIS5 -1/2" common -anode, seven- segment LED display (DL -704 or similar)
100 -volt, 1- ampere silicon rectifier diode
I1 -12 -volt high- intensity lamp with arm and
reflector (see text)
IC I through IC5 -4033A CMOS decade
counter
IC6 -555 timer
LDR
Light-dependent resistor (Vactec No.
VT -2l4 or Clairex CL -903)
Q
2N4264 transistor
Q2 -1-Yl -100 phototransistor
R -3000 -ohm trimmer potentiometer
I
DI-
I-
11
resistance in the base circuit of 02

drops to a low enough value to cause
the Darlington circuit to cut off. This, in
turn, turns off the timer circuit. Under
normal operating conditions, no light will
fall on either 02 or LDR1 initially. After
pressing reset switch S1 (Fig. 2), light is
allowed to reach only 02. This allows
the timer circuit to generate a 10,000 -Hz
The following resistors 1/4 watt, 10% tolerance:

R2 -1503 ohms
R3,R4,R5 -1000 ohms
R6-5103 ohms
S1- Normally open, momentrary- action spst
pushbutton switch
S2 -Spst toggle switch
T1 -12 -volt, 1.2- ampere transformer (see
text)
Misc.- Printed circuit or perfo :ated board;
16 -pin DIP sockets (5); I4- pinDIP sockets
(5); 8 -pin DIP socket; chassis with cover (9"
x 5" x 21/2"); line cord; pine block (31/2" x
13/4' x 1-1/4"); soft vinyl sheet; rubber feet
(4); ccntact cement; machine hardware and
spacers; hookup wire; solder; e:c.
pulse output that is counted by the totalizer circuit shown in Fig. 2. The displays
continue to count upward until the light
to 02 is interrupted or light falls on
LDR1. At this time, the displays "freeze"
to indicate the total number of pulses
counted. When the tester is used with a
camera, the camera's body covers
LDR1 to exclude all light and the shut-
closing of the shutter.

The counting circuit shown in Fig. 2
consists of five decade -counter IC's (IC1
through 105) and their companion seven- segment displays (DIS1 through
DISS). Note that DIS2 is the only display
whose decimal point is active. This decimal point comes on whenever the tester
is powered. Note also that the decade
counters are wired to suppress the zeroes to the left of the decimal point.
Since the d splay indicates the number
of pulses counted during a discrete interval of time, it does not indicate time.
To obtain the time indicated by the number in the display, you must divide that
number by - 000. Hence, displays of 1.0,
8.0, 16.6, and 33.3 translate to 0.001,
0.008, 0.0166; and 0.0333 second or,
in photography terminology, 1/1000,
1/125, 1/60, and 1/30 second, respectively. (It is a good idea to make up a table of conversions that can be affixed to
the completed project, as shown in the
lead photo.)
The power supply for the tester is line
operated. Dc power for the system is obtained from a conventional rectifierdiode /filter- zapacitor (D1 /C1) setup that
is driven from the center tap of transformer TI. This circuit assumes that
high -intensity lamp I1 is an integral part
of the system. If you prefer, you can use
a separate line-powered high -intensity
lamp and substitute a 6.3 -volt transformer for TI.
Construction. The entire circuit, except Tl and the two switches and Q2
+v
T
GND
1
SI
RESET
16
14
16
14
15
15
4
FIG
16
IC2
IC4
IC5
13
Fig. 2. The five

decade counters
are formed from
IC's that also
include 7- segment
decoded outputs.
Note that DIS2 has
the decimal point.
64
10
II
14
dq
13
DIS
DIS
R5
9
DIS
DIS
DIS
IK
-VMMw-+V
* SAME AS
FOR
ICI /DIS
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
TO 02
AND LDRI
DI
(
LE--1
R6
GND
RI
lJ
IC6
CI
_J
R2
R3
C2
:ON
FOIL SIDE
J4
>SI
R4
IC
IC5
R5*
DIS
DIS
DIS
3
Fig. 3. Foil pattern and

component installation. Pin
15 of IC1 through 105 are
connected together by a common
jumper on the foil side of the
board. Note that R5 and the
other jumpers are also
located on the foil side.
DIS
DIS
and LDR1, can be assembled on a single printed circuit board, the etching
and drilling and component -placement
guides for which are shown in Fig. 3. Alternatively, you can assemble the circuit
on perforated board, using appropriate
solder hardware. In either case, the use
of sockets for the IC's and displays is
recommended.
Install the components on the circuit
board as shown in the component placement guide, taking care to properly
orient them. Note here that the four
jumper wires labelled J and R5 mount
on the foil side of the board. To avoid the
possibility of short- circuiting the board,
CONVERSION TABLE
NUMBER
SHUTTER SPEED
1.0 = 1/1000 sec

= 1/500
sec
= 1/250
sec
= 1/125
sec
= 1/100
sec
sec
16.6 = 1/60
20.0 = 1/50
sec
sec
33.3 = 1/30
4000 = 1/25
sec
10000 = 1/10
sec
125.0 = 1/8
sec
250.0 = 1/4
sec
500.0 = 1/2
sec
1000.0 = 1.0
sec
2.0
4.0
8.0
10.0
AUGUST 1977
be sure to use insulated sleeving on the
resistor leads and wire jumpers.

Phototransistor Q2 and light- dependent resistor LDR1 mount in a block of
pine as shown in Fig. 4. The holes in
which these two components mount
must be stepped as indicated to permit
easy routing of the hookup wires that interconnect them with the rest of the circuit. Note that LDR1 mounts in the hole
at the lower left corner and 02 mounts in
the hole in the center of the block.
Before you mount 02 and LDR1 in the

block of wood, apply a coat or two of flat
black paint to all exterior surfaces of the
block. Allow the paint to completely dry,
and then mount the components in their
respective holes, fixing them in place by
force fitting. (If the fit is too snug, very
carefully ream out the holes; if it is too
loose, sparingly apply a drop or two of
clear plastic cement to the component
edges. Both components mount flush
with the top surface of the block. When
65
4. Details of the camera

mounting block. The two photosensitive
devices (Q2 and LDR1) are mounted
close to the upper surface of the block.
Fig.
this is done, use contact cement to fasten a thin sheet of soft matte black vinyl
to the top of the block after first punching
holes in it for 02 and LORI.
A 9 "D x 5'W x 21 "H (22.9 x 12.7 x
6.4 cm) metal box comfortably accommodates the circuit board assembly,
power transformer and its line cord, and
switches. The case must be machined
to provide a 25/8' x 1/2" (6.7 x 1.3 cm)
window for the displays; mounting holes
for the switches, transformer, and wood
block; and access holes for the line cord
and leads from Q2 and LDR1. Once the
case has been machined, spray two or
three coats of matte black paint over all
exterior surfaces. When the paint has
dried, cement a red filter over the win-
dow from the inside. Then mount the

wood block with screws, followed by Ti,
Si, and S2. Next, interconnect the
switches, transformer, line cord (passed
through the case via a rubber grommet),
LDR, and phototransistor. Finally, mount
the circuit board assembly in place with
machine hardware and spacers, making
sure its displays are properly oriented
behind the filter.
Checkout and Use. Place
a piece of
black plastic tape over LORI, plug the
line cord into a convenient ac outlet, and
turn on the tester's power. Now, using
an osc?Iloscope or a frequency counter,
adjust potentiometer R1 for an exact
10,000-Hz output from timer 106. This
Underside of timer reveals pc board and transformer mounting.

66
completes calibration. Remove the tape

from LDR1.
Open the back of the camera you wish
to test and place it on the wood block so
that the lens opening is directly over 02.
Make sure that the camera body covers
LDR1. Then set the camera's lens diaphragm for maximum opening, set the
shutter speed, and cock the shutter. Depress reset switch S1 so that all displays
read zero. Trip the camera shutter. The
displays should rapidly count up and
freeze at a number that is the shutter
speed in thousandths of a second.
Check each shutter speed at least
three times, resetting the display at the
start of each test. The most accurate
reading is with the lens on the camera
because the light is somewhat collimated. Without a lens on the camera, the
light can diffract around the shutter curtain and indicate a longer than actual
shutter speed time. This is important at
fast shutter speeds when the curtain
opening is narrow. This does not pertain
to between -the-lens leaf shutters.
Do not be disappointed if your shutter
speed is not close to its camera setting.
Up to 1/500 of a second, the allowable
error may be as great as 25%; at higher settings the allowable error might be
35 %. These figures would depend on
the tolerance of the film used, of course.
With the aid of the camera shutter timer described here, you can eliminate
some of the uncertainties you have
about the accuracy of your camera's
mechanism. Additionally, it can tell you
why your latest batch of photos did not
turn out as they should have.
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
HOW TO
HANDLE MOS
DEVICES
WITHOUT
DESTROYING
THEM
The life span of many MOS

devices depends on what
happens between the time of
purchase and installation.

BY LESLIE SOLOMON, Technical Editor
MOS TECHNOLOGY has brought

tremendous advances to modern
electronics. However, MOS devices suffer from one fatal shortcoming: they can
easily be destroyed by static electricity
when they are handled or being installed

in a circuit. Even so- called "protected"
MOS devices are not immune from being ruined by static electricity if proper
precautions are not taken.
In this article, we will discuss the
physical makeup of the typical MOS device and see how and why the MOS device is so easily destroyed. Then we will
detail some of the steps you can take to
prevent destruction of the device.
MOS Device Construction. In a circuit, a MOS device "looks" like a voltage- controlled resistor in which the
equivalent MOS resistance between the
drain and source is varied by a voltage
applied to the gate electrode. (See Fig.
1.) Physically, the gate electrode is a
thin layer of metal deposited on a very
thin (about 1000 Angstroms) layer of silicon dioxide (glass). This layer of glass
effectively insulates the gate from the
substrate, in essence, forming a capacitor whose plates are the gate and substrate and whose dielectric is the layer of
AUGUST 1977
SiO2 between the gate and substrate

The strength of the electrical field that
can rupture the SiO2 layer is about 100
volts, at which point, a "punchthrough"
can occur (Fig. 2.) Such a punchthrough
catastrophically deslroys the MOS device permanently.
Most MOS devices have an input resistance on the order of 1014 ohms. Using this figure, it can be seen that a current of about 10 -12 ampere (10 pA) can
generate a 100 -volt potential that can
.
DRAIN
DOT INDICATES
SiO2
DIRECT CONTACT
(GLASS
LAYER)
GATE
MOS
EQUI VAL ENT
RESISTANCE
METAL
L AYER
SOURCE
Fig. 1. Typicai MOS device

showing the insulated gate.
break through the layer of glass and destroy the device. Some semiconductor
manufacturers protect their MOS devices with a variety of circuits, the built-in
zener- diode -resistance method being
the most common.
The schematic representation of a
typical "protected" MOS device is
shown in Fig. 3. Note the built -in zener
diode that identifies this as a protected
device. The "source," "gate," and
"drain" electrodes are the equivalent of
the "emitter," "base," and "collector"
electrodes of the typical bipolar transistor. (The "substrate" lead of the device
is usually connected to the source lead.)
In most cases, the zener diode that
protects the MOS device conducts at
about 50 volts. However, selection of the
"substrate resistance" can present a
problem. This resistance must be great
enough to limit current flow to prevent
destruction of the zener diode, but it
must not be so high that the sum of the
voltage drop across the zener- resistance combination exceeds the breakdown voltage of the SiO2 layer. Manufacturers are making improvements in
their protective schemes, but as of this
writing, there is still no such thing as
complete protection.
67
Fig. 2. Magnified (4300X) view of a cell- destroying punchthrough

that has catastrophically destroyed the semiconductor device.
Static Charges.
High -voltage static

charges are generated whenever there
is motion between certain types of materials. A partial listing of typical generators of this "triboelectricity" is given in
the table.
ELECTROSTATIC CHARGE
GENERATORS
Workbench Covering
Any plastic (except conducting)
Finished wood
Most synthetics
Ungrounded metal
Glass
Floors
Any plastic (except conducting)
Waxed surfaces
Most carpeting
Chairs
Fiberglass
Plastic (except conducting)
Fabric covered
Ungrounded metal
Finished wood
Tools
Plastic nonconductive solder suckers
Clothing
Wool, silk, synthetics, furs
Packaging Materials
Everything nonconducting
We are all familiar with the consider aole spark that can be generated as we
reach for a doorknob or light switch after
walking across the carpeted floor. Walking on a carpeted floor, sliding into or out
68
of a chair or car seat, or even brushing

across the surface of a workbench or table can build up a high static potential.
Even the seemingly innocent acts of
combing our hair and opening the wrapper on a pack of cigarettes or candy can
generate a tremendously high static potential.
To understand how this happens, you
must visualize yourself as part of a capacitor. You are one plate of the capacitor, the insulating soles of your shoes
are the dielectric, and the ground or floor
is the other electrode. Typical human
capacitance values can range from 80 to
140 pF Because the spark generated
when this "capacitor" is discharged is a
function of the energy stored in the capacitor ?CV2 /2), body capacitance plays
an important role when it comes to handling MOS devices. Measurements
have revealed that the electrostatic po-
DRAIN
BUILT -IN
ZENER
DIODE'
J
GATES-1
SUBS
RESISTANCTRATE
E
IN
SUBSTRATE
SOURCE
Fig. 3. The protection of a MOS

device is usually 100 volts.
tential can reach between 2000 and

4000 volts.
Note clothing, floor coverings, and furniture are rot the only static-electricity
generators. So are many of the usual
materials used in packaging and transporting static- sensitive semiconductors
and, in many cases, fully populated
printed circt.it board assemblies.
You can demonstrate the generation
of a high static potential generator by using a simple desk tape dispenser and an
NE -2 neon lamp. Hold the lamp close to
the tape as you rapidly peel about 18"
(45.7 cm) of tape from the roll. In dim
lighting, you will note that the lamp
flashes as the tape rapidly peels off.
Now, drop the lamp into a polyethylene
bag and rub the bag against a sweater in
a darkened room. Again, the lamp will
flash. Peel the tape off about an inch or
so above a loaded ashtray and note the
results. Keep in mind that it takes about
4kV to lift the ashes one inch.
One would expect that the tools we
normally use in electronics are "safe" to
use on MOS devices. This is far from
true. One dangerous tool to use around
MOS devices is the plastic solder sucker. The sucden rapid movement of the
plastic piston in the housing sleeve of
the sucker can generate a very high
static potertial. Another tool is the soldering iron. Unless it is grounded at the
tip, the iror can be a dangerous static
carrier.
After looking over the list given in the
table, you may be wondering if there is
anything you can do to assure safe handling and installation of MOS devices.
Rest assured that there is and that we
will be dealing with this particular subject
later in this article.
The destruction of a MOS device results from the rapid discharge of static
electricity across the elements within the
device, usually with sufficient energy to
rupture the Si02 layer. Carefully note
that this is not the voltage to ground; it is
the potential difference between the device's pins -.hat does the damage. Eliminate the potential difference and you
eliminate the damaging charge. Note
also that no matter how high the static
potential you build up by shuffling your
feet on a dry carpet, you cannot "zap"
one hand with the other -because there
is no potential difference.
The problem with MOS devices occurs when the device's pins are placed
between two points that have a high potential-usually static -difference. This
is why many construction articles advise
you to place one hand on the copper
traces of the printed circuit board when
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
Man and workbench are at

zero static voltage potential.
There is no charge present to
cause a spark.
IONIZING
AIR BLOWER
floor mat grounding clamp
\conductive
ribbon
bench top
grounding clamp
conductive ribbon
interconnecting the
bench top with the
floor mat
conductive boots
or heel grounding
protectors
conductive stool seat cover
Fig. 4. This is a
fully protected work
station that includes
an ionizing air blower.
conductive floor mat
(Photo courtesy 3M Co.)

installing MOS IC's. This equalizes the
potential difference. Such articles also
tell you to handle the IC's only by their
cases -not by their pins.
By touching the copper traces on the
pc board when you install MOS devices
in a circuit, you bridge conductors with a
resistance that eliminates possible potential differences and discharges the
human capacitor. It is even better to
bridge pc board copper traces with a
conductor that is better than human skin
because skin resistance can be rather
high in many cases.
Avoiding the Problem. If you
plan to
work with MOS devices, here are some

things YOU SHOULD NOT DO:
Insert MOS devices into any plastic

containers or carriers unless they are of
the conducting types.
Place MOS devices or pc board assemblies on which they are installed in
ordinary plastic bags.
Hand a MOS device to another person
who is not antistatic protected.
Attempt to test a MOS device with a
multimeter, even those with "low- powerohms" functions.
Wear nylon or other synthetic clothing.
Wear clothing made from cotton or cotton blend fabrics.
Remove jackets, sweaters, etc., near
a MOS device. (Remember the experiment with the tape dispenser.)
Handle MOS devices by their pins.
GROUNDING AND SHOCK HAZARD

Faulty electronic equipment that is not
properly grounded can kill! This is the reason
most modern electrically powered appliances
and equipment are fitted with three -conductor
power cords. One pair of conductors in the
cord supplies the actual working power from
the ac outlet, while the third conductor (usually color -coded green) should be connected
between the metal chassis of the appliance
or equipment and a good earth ground.
When installing IC's and other components
in a circuit, many professionals recommend
that you connect your body and the tip of your
soldering iron to earth ground through a minimum resistance of 200,000 ohms. The resistor value is selected so that, in the event of an
accidental short circuit, the current flow that
does the actual damage is limited to 0.2 mA
or less, which is considered to be a safe level.
A current flow of this magnitude can barely be
discerned. Listed below are the effects of
AUGUST 1977
electrical current passing through the body

from arm to arm. The measurements were
made at 60 Hz.
Current
Effect
Little or no sensation
Tingling sensation
Mild pain
to 5 mA
5 to 10 mA
Severe pain
Muscles contract
Over 10 mA
fibrillaVentricular
100 mA to 2 A
tion; lethal
Lethal if sustained;
Over 2 A
momentary contact
produces burns and
physiological shock
but good chance of
recovery.
The above currents and effects are for a typical human being in good health. Except for
the last, all effects given are for sustained contact with the current.
to 0.5 mA
0.5to1mA
1
Slide MOS devices across a surface.

Handle Styrofoam or other plastic hot or cold -drink cups, open cigarettes or
candy packages with "cellophane"
wrappers, or use plastic combs or any
other item that is either plastic or
wrapped in plastic.
Use plastic solder suckers on or near
the pins of MOS devices.
One thing that most people never consider when working with MOS devices is
the humidity of the working environment.
The air in a very low- humidity environment is dry and has a very high resistance. Arid air will not discharge the
static electricity as fast as moister air. Be
particularly on your guard during the
low- humidity winter months. Try to work
in an environment where the relative humidity is between 30% and 50 %.
Now here are some things you should
do. MOS devices generally recommend
that you wear some type of conductive
wrist strap that is connected through a
relatively high resistance to earth
ground. This is usually followed with the
instruction to similarly ground the tip of
your soldering iron, tools, and test instruments that might come into contact
with MOS devices both before and after
they are installed in a circuit. If you heed
these precautions and are working at a
metal workbench or table, protect yourself from accidental shock (the protection of the MOS device is secondary
here). Never connect your metal work
station directly to ground; there should
always be a minimum of 200,000 ohms
between your skin and actual ground in
case a faulty appliance power line or
chassis has leakage to ground in excess
of 0.5 mA.
Although the above precautions are
one way in which you can protect your
MOS devices from being zapped, it is
important that you bear in mind that it is
not the potential to ground that presents
the hazard to the devices but the voltage
difference that is the culprit. Therefore,
all that must be done is to find some way
to equalize the possible potential imbalance and thus eliminate the hazard.
Fortunately, there is another solution
to the problem. This involves the use of
antistatic (conductive) plastics. The RCAS1 200 conductive "pink" plastic from
Richmond Division of Pak -Well and
"Kimcel" from Kimberly -Clark are impregnated with a special noncorrosive
organic antistatic liquid that migrates to
all surfaces of the material. "Velostat"
from 3M Company is a conductive plastic that has a medium resistance per
square inch. Of course, we are all familiar with the black conductive plastic
69
foam blocks used as carriers for MOS

devices during shipping.
These antistatic plastics, with the exception of the last item, come in all
forms -from film bags to heavy sheets
to semirigid tubing. They can be used in
sheet form for workbench tops, as a
floor mat around the work station, and
with a wrist strap and soldering -iron attachment.
The antistatic bags can be used to
store static -sensitive semiconductors.
You should have some distinctly labelled antistatic bags for storing semiconductors and completed MOS board
assemblies.
no
strings
attached
Protected Workbench.
Needle in the
hi -fi haystack
Even we were astounded at how
difficult it is to find an adequate
other-brand replacement stylus for a

Shure cartridge. We recently
purchased 241 random styli that were
not manufactured by Shure, but were
being sold as replacements for our
cartridges. Only ONE of these 241
styli could pass the same basic
production line performance tests
that ALL genuine Shure styli must
pass. But don't simply accept what
we say here. Send for the documented
test results we've compiled for you in
data booklet # AL548. Insist on a
genuine Shure stylus so that your
cartridge will retain its original
performance capability and at the
same time protect your records.
Shure Brothers Inc.
222 Hartrey Ave., Evanston, IL 60204
In Canada:
A. C.
Simmonds
ed
Sons'Limited
F-IURE
A typical
commercial work station that is fully protected is shown in the lead photo. Here,
the technician is wearing a conductive
plastic apron, is sitting on a conductive
seat cover, and has her feet on a conductive floor mat. The top of the workbench is covered with a sheet of conductive plastic, and a conductive -plastic
strap is attached to her bare wrist. A
somewhat similarly protected work station is shown in Fig. 4. Here, the station
is equipped with an optional ionizing air
blower. In both cases, the entire work
area, including the technicians, are at
the same potential. And since there are
no voltage differences, there can be no
damaging static discharges that can destroy MOS devices.
If you wish to protect your work station
as described here, you can obtain conductive plastic by contacting your local
representative of 3M Nuclear Products
(3M Center, St. Paul, MN 55101); Richmond Division of Pak -Well (P.O. Box
1129, Redlands, CA 92373); or Kimberly -Clark Corp. (Interior Packaging Dept.,
Neenah, WI 54956). As an aid to POPULAR ELECTRONICS readers, a hobby
workbench setup consisting of a 20" x
12" (50 x 30 cm) Velostat working surface, wrist band with connecting strap,
and an assortment of antistatic storage
bags (including some large enough to
accommodate large hobby -type computer boards) is available for $14.95
from Associated Electronics, 1885 W.
Commonwealth, Unit G, Fullerton, CA
92663.
In Conclusion. Though MOS devices

are very sensitive to destructive discharges, you can take positive steps to
greatly reduce or completely eliminate
the problem at its source. By thoroughly
Manufacturers of high fidelity components,
microphones, sound systems and related circuitry
CIRCLE
70
NO.
52
ON
FREE
INFORMATION
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protecting your workstation against static hazards, you can work in complete
safety with any MOS device.
NEW
Weller
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Weller's WC-100
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make connections anywhere. Without
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Fingertip touch on exclusive sliding
safety switch activates long-life, nickel -
cadmium battery. Heats tip to aver

700 F in 6 sec. Locks in "off" position
to prevent accidental discharge in use
or while restoring energy w,th fast power recharger (UL listed).
Simple, instant change to any of 4
tips ... forany job. Built -in lightfocuses
on tip and work area.
Get this! It's at your dealer or distributor now...waiting for you. Need
more info first? Request literature.
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Electronics Division
The Cooper Group
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,_77%% Solid State

BY LOU GARNER
A CIRCUIT MEDLEY
RICH rewards await the circuit prospector who does his
digging in the literature published by various semicon-
ductor manufacturers. Experimenters, hobbyists, teachers,

students, practical engineers and professional technicians
can all find a wealth of useful circuit information in such publications.
Suggested circuits are frequently included in new device
data sheets. Some are offered in separately released application notes and bulletins, and still more will be discovered in
manufacturers' bimonthly and quarterly periodicals. Sometimes, the seeker will find the precise circuit needed to solve a
particular problem and to complete a pet project. In other
cases, he may find that a suggested design can be adapted
quite easily to current needs. Just as often, he may find that a
proposed circuit sparks his imagination and suggests a number of completely new projects. An instrumentation op amp,
for example, may be just the ticket for a control interface. A
basic temperature sensing system may be ideal for adaptation as a fire alarm, or a wideband oscillator might be just the
circuit needed to complete the design for a new electronic musical instrument.
Representative circuits abstracted from semiconductor
manufacturers' publications are illustrated in Figures 1
through 5. Running the gamut from an unusual automotive
application to a relatively sophisticated test instrument, the
designs utilize both integrated circuits and discrete devices. In
general, they are not overly critical as far as either layout or
lead dress are concerned, although, of course, good wiring
practice should be followed.
A potential life -saver when winter once again rears its frostcovered head, the circuit illustrated in Fig. is one of some
ten application circuits suggested by Texas Instruments, Inc.
(P.O. Box 5012, Dallas, TX 75222) in a 20 -page publication
1
covering the firm's BIFET operational amplifiers, Bulletin

CB -248. Dubbed an "Icy Road Warning Indicator," the unit is
essentially a special -purpose electronic sensor designed to
warn a driver when temperatures drop below a preset value.
In operation, op amp IC1A serves as a combination voltage
comparator, buffer amplifier and LED driver.
This device receives its inputs from oscillator IC1C and a
second voltage comparator, IC1B, which, in turn, acts to corn pare the voltage applied through series combination R1 -R2
with that derived through thermistor TDR1. When the thermistor's temperature drops, its resistance changes, causing a
corresponding change in the inverting voltage signal applied
to IC1B and developing a control voltage which is applied to
IC1A through isolating series resistor R4. With an increased
voltage applied to its noninverting input, IC1A supplies a drive
current to the LED indicator through current -limiting resistor
R10 at a rate determined by oscillator IC1C, causing a flashing light to warn the driver of potentially hazardous road conditions.
A single DIP quad op amp integrated circuit, type TL084, is
used in the warning indicator, with three of its sections serving
as IC1A, IC1B and IC1C. The fourth section is unused, although some clever experimenters may decide to employ it as
an audio oscillator driving a small loudspeaker, thus providing
an aural as well as a visual alarm. Except for potentiometer
R1 and the thermistor, all resistors are standard half -watt
units, while Cl is a conventional 15 -volt electrolytic. The thermistor is rated at 15,000 ohms.
During installation, the thermistor should be positioned
where it will sense outside temperatures but will not be affected by engine, exhaust, or passenger compartment heat. Naturally, the LED indicator should be placed where it will be
clearly visible to the driver. After checkout and installation, R1
+12V
R2
33K
TDRI
R3
150K
RI
20K
Ir
R4
3M
ICIB
t
4
+
ICIA
WMM
R6
RIO
47011
Fig. 1. This "Icy Road Warning Indicator,"

suggested by Texas Instruments, is
essentially a special- purpose electronic
sensor using an op amp as a combination
voltage comparator, buffer
amplifier and LED driver.
30K
R7
3M
1110--ANMAN^
C
22NFI
T
-
/f
+
RS
10M
,qn,qpp
AUGUST 1977
LEDDII
ICIC
R9
IppMM
pnldlnAM
71
should be adjusted so that the LED is illuminated when the

thermistor temperature drops to 32 F (0 C); during warm
weather, an ice cube can be held against TDR1 to achieve the
proper temperature for the adjustment.
Featured in Volume 4, Number 2 of the bimonthly periodical
Progress, published by the Fairchild Camera and Instrument
Corporation (Semiconductor Operations, 464 Ellis St., Mountain View, CA 94042), the bidirectional intercom circuit given
in Fig. 2 permits two -way "hands- free" conversations. It is
ideal for use, typically, as a door answerer by a housewife
busy in a kitchen or laundry as well as in commercial and industrial applications where it may not be convenient for either
party to operate a Push -to -Talk switch. Each of the two virtually identical units making up the system features a "privacy"
switch (S1 and S2) in addition to individual volume (P2 and
P5) and tone (P3 and P6) controls. The system requires a
dual at 12 -volt dc source, which may consist of either batteries
or a well -filtered and regulated power supply.
In operation, a unique arrangement prevents intra -unit
acoustic feedback. In Unit A, audio signals developed by the
crystal microphone are applied to npn transistor 01, which
serves simultaneously as a preamplifier and phase -splitter,
producing both in-phase and 180 out-of -phase signals. The
in -phase and out-of-phase signals are combined in balance
control P1, where the in -phase signal is cancelled and only a
portion of the out -of -phase signal is coupled on to the next
stage. At the same time, however, the amplified out -of-phase
signal is applied to Unit B through the connecting link, where it
is coupled through a 10 -1.LF dc blocking capacitor, balance
control P4, and volume control P5 to a medium power operational amplifier. The op amp then drives a standard 16 -ohm
PM loud-speaker. Unit B operates in a similar fashion, with its
cut-of -phase signal coupled back to Unit A over the same
connecting link. Thus, in -phase signals within each amplifier
unit which might otherwise cause acoustic feedback are cancelled internally, and continuous two -way conversations are
practical.
Standard commercial components are used in the intercom's design. Except for the balance, volume and tone control potentiometers (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 and P6), all resistors
are familiar half- or quarter-watt units. The larger capacitors

are 25 -volt electrolytics while the 0.005 -F capacitors used in
the tone -control networks may be low-voltage ceramics, tubular paper or plastic film types. Only four active devices are
used: transistors Q1 and 02 (2'J3695 and 2N3693, respectively) and two A759 op amps. Privacy switches, S1 and S2,
are spst and may be any type. Conventional assembly and
wiring techniques can be used for circuit construction. After installation, the balance controls (P1 and P4) are adjusted to
minimize acoustic feedback within each unit with the respective volume controls set at near maximum. Afterwards the volume and tone controls are operated as in any regular intercom system.
Intended primarily for use by photographers, the sensitive
light meter circuit shown in Fig. 3 provides an analog readout
proportional to the log value of light intensity and, therefore,
can be calibrated directly in EV (Exposure Value) units. With
ASA ratings of 100, the instrument's range is EV -3 to EV
+18 on the 500-pA meter. The design is one of several for the
8007 FET-input operational amplifier described in Application
Bulletin A005, published by Intersil, Inc. (10900 N. Tantau
Ave., Cupertino, CA 95014). In addition to the 8007, the circuit
uses a SBC 2020 silicon photodiode, an IT120 dual npn transistor, and a conventional 741 op amp. In operation, temperature compensation is provided by voltage divider R1 -R2,
which forms a gain block in conjunction with half of the dual
transistor and the 741. Diode leakage errors are minimized by
operating the photodiode at essentially zero voltage, while a
log -gain characteristic is achieved by means of the transistor
feedback element. The instrument requires a standard 15volt dual dc power source, with power supply connections to
IC pins 7( +) and 4( -).
Featuring discrete devices and conventional IC's, the wide range function generator in Fig. 4 offers serious experimenters more of a challenge than do simplified designs using special-purpose devices, such as the XR -2206. It is described by
Robert C. Dobkin in Application Note AN -115, published by
the National Semiconductor Corporation (2900 Semiconductor Drive, Santa Clara, CA 95051). The instrument is capable
of supplying sine, square and triangular waveforms at ampli+12 V
-12 V
UNIT A
PRIVACY
P1
SIN
25k
BALANCE
`
P2
VOLUME
16:
50 k
NAir
f25 k
1.
2.7 k
25
P3
Fig. 2. Fairchild's bidirectional intercom

system permits two -way "hands free"
conversations. Each of the two units
has a privacy switch in addition to
individual volume and tone controls.
005,1
0
-12 V
+12 V
P4
BALANCE
164
P5
VOLUME.
'2.7k
-12
-12
72
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
150 K;?
SHARP
SV
Fig.3. From a bulletin published

by Intersil, this light meter
circuit for photographers provides
an analog readout proportional
to the log value of light intensity.
It uses an 8007 FET-input op amp.
SBC
2020
K
500 pA
FSD
10 KS2
R2
7
KL.
150
TEMP COMPENSATED
tudes up to 10 V from 10 Hz to 1 MHz without band switching. Usable outputs are available to as high as 2 MHz, but of
reduced amplitude and waveform quality. It requires three
IC's, a dual pnp transistor, two dual npn transistors, two conventional npn transistors, and seven standard diodes. With
both trigger and signal outputs, the instrument has two semi fixed adjustments and three operating controls in addition to
its power switch: a three -position FUNCTION switch, a FREQUENCY control, and an AMPLITUDE control.
The basic generator comprises an LM319 dual voltage
comparator, current -source switching transistors Q1 -Q2 and
Q3 -Q4, timing capacitor Cl, and an LH -0033C FET -input voltage follower buffer amplifier. A triangular signal waveform is
generated by alternately charging and discharging timing capacitor Cl through switching current -source transistors QlQ2 and Q3 -Q4 and diodes D1 and D2. The resulting signal is
NOW YOU CAN
BUILD A
amplified by the LH0033C voltage follower and coupled back

through voltage- divider R8- R9 -R10 as inputs to the LM31 9
dual voltage comparator which forms part of the feedback network. The triangular signal also is applied to function switch
S1 through series isolating resistor R18. Control dc voltages
obtained from voltage- dividers R20 -R32 and R23 -R31 set the
threshold at the other inputs of the voltage comparators, thus
establishing the peak -to -peak amplitudes of the comparator
outputs. Connected in parallel, the comparator output signals
are applied to emitter follower Q5, which serves both to supply
a square -wave output signal to function switch S1 through series isolating resistor R24 and to provide a drive signal to the
current -source switching transistors, Q1 -Q2 and Q3 -Q4.
The generator's frequency of operation depends on Cl 's
charge and discharge currents. Ranging from 5 nA to 5 mA,
these are controlled by the emitter bias applied to the switch-
How to
How to build them
If you've wanted to learn about Microprocessors
Here's your chance to start from the ground
How to use them
program them
up. This Motorola MEK6800D2 Kit has all the parts necessary to complete the
system and get "on- the -air," except for the Power Supply.
This is the popular "Kit -in- the -Book" that includes:
COMPLETE
1 - MC6850L - ACIA
1 - MC6800 MPU
2 - PC BOARDS
2 - MCM6810 RAMs
1 - MC6871 CLOCK
2 - MC6820L PIAS
1 - MC6830L - ROM
1 - 6 -DIGIT DISPLAY
1 - 24 -KEY KEYBOARD
1 - SOCKET FOR 68708 EROM
and complete kit of resistors, capacitors, sockets, circuits, etc.
MOTOROLA
M6800 MICROPROCESSOR
FOR ONLY
K;:
RESISTOR
-TEL LABS TYPE 081
$235
The step -by -step Instruction /Construction manual, the Programming Reference Manual
and the other literature makes it possible for anyone with a reasonable ability to use
a soldering iron, to assemble this two -board kit into a working Microprocessor in 5
and then the fun begins. You can learn to program and see the expandor 6 hours
ability potential of this powerful Microprocessor. It's all "in the book."
...
CDMOTOROLA
P.O. Box
27605
LI
- Tempe,
AZ
MPU KIT SALES

85282
Please send more information about the MEK6800D2 Microprocessor Kit

1
Enclosed find my check or money order for $235. Send my kit as quickly
(Add $5.00 shipping and handling plus applicable state and
as possible.
local tax)
Charge this to my: Master Charge No.
Exp. Date
BankAmericard No
Exp. Date
(Signature necessary to authorize bank card charges)

NAME:
(please print)
ADDRESS:
CIRCLE
AUGUST 1977
ZIP'
CITY & STATE:
ORDER YOUR KIT TODAY!

NO
38
ON
FREE
INFORMATION
CARO
73
FREQUENCY
ADJUST
R11
100
5V
03
1N914
262920
263810
RIO
100
CS
16314
6
R15
04
R12
860
860
R9
2k
R16 R14
100 100
D1
02
16914
16914
R17
630
C2
R13
150 pF
Ok
06
16914
R9
2k
D4
16914
; R24
5V
12V
2.4k
R4
L-
4.7k
C5
0.1NF
262920
R3
C6
630
R6
2k
12k
01
262222
OUTPUT
R7
R28, R29
1Bk
R27
4"----"Wr TRIGGERk
R34
5.1k
16 914
4.
-12V
1.4k
D7
Fig.
pF
5V
5V
51
C3
5
R26
SO
R37
750
R35
BOARD)
1k
1310
R5
-12V
R36
360
AMPLITUDE
1k
pf
R2
50
Cl
250
OUTPUT
R25
(OFF
PC
R1
0.1NF
R21
SI
6
11
10
3`k
R1B
5V
R33
OUTPUT
4.7k
National Semiconductor's wide -range function generator circuit.
Treat yourself to a new direct reading DVM today.
drAo
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these famous DVMs for 10 days. If the DVMs in
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NCO --
CIR1E
74
Want more information? We

would like to tell you all about
the Sencore DVMs by sending
you a 24 -page Sencore News,
a six -page brochure, and the
name of your nearest Sencore Distributor today .. .
simply write or circle
reader's service number.
3200 S1ncorc Drive. Sioux Falls, SI)
NO.
51
ON
FREE
INFORkUT1nN
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rukan
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
MAKE GREAT CONNECTIONS!

ing transistors through frequency control R11. Differential amplifier Q6 -Q7, operated with degenerative emitter feedback,
serves to modify the triangular signal delivered by the buffer
amplifier through voltage- divider R1 -R2. This develops a
close approximation to a sine wave across output load R4
which is applied directly to function switch Si. From Si, the
Ic
INTERCONNECT
ASSEMBLIES
Level Wire Wrap
-9
10-24
.38
.42
.37
.41
18 pin
.73
24pin 1.00
40pin 1.69
1.51
1Apio
16pin
selected signal waveform is coupled through series resistor

R26 to the LM318 serving as the output amplifier. The output
amplitude is controlled by R25, which provides inverse feedback across the op amp.
The function generator requires regulated dual 5- and
if 12 -volt dc sources for proper operation. Suggested by National Semiconductor in its Application Note, the ac line operated power supply in Fig. 5 will provide the correct voltages. A
conventional design, it comprises a spst ON -OFF switch, fuse,
24 -volt step -down transformer, bridge rectifier, two filter capacitors (C7 and C8), positive and negative 5- and 12 -volt regulator IC's, and four bypass capacitors (C9, C10, C11 and
C12). All of the regulators are standard 3-terminal devices.
Though standard parts are specified in the instrument's design, some care must be exercised in the choice of components to insure optimum performance. A standard potentiometer may be used for frequency control R11, for example, but
a vernier type or 10 -turn pot is preferred due to the unit's sixdecade frequency coverage. The output level control, R25,
can be a standard potentiometer, with trimmer types used for
semi -fixed adjustments R14 and R16. All fixed resistors may
be either quarter- or half-watt types, but should have a 5% tolerance rating except for R1, R2, R5, R6 and R7, which should
Low 90,81.
D.I.P.
lapin
I8pin
20pin
24pin
40pin
Solder
,4 pin
14
.18
.15
.17
.19
.14
.16
.18
.26
.28
.25
.27
708
1.64
.41
57
1.99
3.08
2.05
2.21
3.48
2.26
2.44
3.87
3.08
3.36
5.14
3.30
3.58
5.54
3.51
110.011_11:112
2.87
3.13
4.75
10.
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2.97
3.24
4.94
mounting
PLUG$
1
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4
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25-99
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pin
.48
.40
.10
56
24
pin
pin
.56
.79
.47
.72
.10
.15
4O
pin
$1.23
01.08
.25
Price per Tube of 100
Price per bag of 1,000

111.84 (WW308 6-II
$l.601WW309C -2)
51.85 (4 W3DVC -4)
512.801010,308E -21
4.
eEEee
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tr1 -tek, Inc.

,th
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WIRE -WRAPPING
TOOLS
Aire wrapping stripping unwrappme tool for

025 (0 r3umil Square Post
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14
52.20 (01013050-6)
.,....,,::v"
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25-49
.46
YES ! WE HAVE
AWG 30 on
5.93
-24
51.48 (0063050 -I)
I"
BOTH ENDS STRIPPED
pin
3.81
died., ..,Lion, lump., No.
AiIG.S
1.2834
1.87
2.88
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PRE - STRIPPED WIRE -WRAPPING WIRE

CUT TO LENGTH
48.
1.
1.76
2.69
.4 5 5
.34
.40
.53
.35
36
8
I72
1.6122
3.01
DUAL IN-IJNE
SEND FOR FREE
t10ME ANO LI.e0RATOFV LINE
.1 . 51
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roil. (TIN
10-24
.20
.27
.29
.35
.36
.42
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24 Pa'
.83
1.37
.91
6"
25-100
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e pin
14pin
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CARD
Announcing the NEW STANDARD in Stereo Testing!

The AilNew Model SR12 STEREO TEST RECORD
The most complete... most sophisticated...
most versatile Test Disc available today... F or
Just$6951
Whether you're an avid audiophile, a casual listener or a

the new MODEL SR12 will be the
professional technician
most important disc in your entire collection.
MODEL SR12 has been produced by Stereo Review Magazine
for music lovers who want immediate answers to questions
about the performance of their stereo systems and how to get
the best possible sound reproduction.
containing
It is the most complete test record of its kind
the widest range of checks ever included on one test disc.
...
Make these important stereo checks
BY EAR... (no test instruments required)

Frequency response -a direct warble -tone check of nineteen
sections of the frequency spectrum, from 20 to 20,840 Hz, which

will pinpoint any frequency response defects in your system.
Separation -an ingenious test which indicates whether you have

adequate separation for good stereo.
Attention Professionals
Model SR12 is also designed to

be used as a highly efficient design and measurement tool. Tests below have been controlled to laboratory tolerances affording accurate
numerical evaluation when used with oscilloscope, chart recorder, output meter, intermodulation -distortion meter and flutter meter.
1,000 -Hz square waves to test transient and high- frequency response
of phono pickups.
500 to 20,000 Hz frequency- response sweep.
Sine-wave tone -bursts to test transient response of pickup.
Intermodulation test using simultaneous 400 -Hz and 4,000 -Hz signals.
Intermodulation sweep to show distortion caused by excessive resonances in tone arm and cartridge.
1,000 -Hz reference tones to determine groove velocity.
3,000 -Hz tone for flutter and speed tests.
Sample waveforms -illustrating both accurate and faulty responses are
provided in the Instruction Manual for comparison with the patterns
appearing on your own oscilloscope screen.
FREE -An informative manual which
Cartridge tracking -the most sophisticated tests ever devised

for checking the performance of your cartridge, stylus and
cNARCEORDINERSaueACCOUn.
Ra
liffDavis
Service Division, Dept. R, 595 Broadway, N.Y., N.Y. 10012

Please send the SR12 Stereo Test Record @ $6.95, postpaid
tone arm.
Channel balance -two broad -band, random -noise signals which
permit you to eliminate any imbalances originating in cartridge,
amplifier, speakers or room acoustics.
($8.95 outside U.S.A.).

(Residents of Calif., Col., Fla., III., Mich., Mo.,
Enclosed is $
N.Y. State, D.C. and Tex. add applicable sales tax.)
Hum and rumble -foolproof tests that help you evaluate the
actual audible levels of rumble and hum in your system.
CHARGE:
Flutter -a sensitive "musical" test to check whether your turntable's flutter is low, moderate, or high.
Account
BankAmericard
American Express
Anti Cartridge and Speaker Phasing

"Gun Shot Test" for Stereo Spread
Skating Adjustment
Equal- tempered Chromatic
Multi- purpose Musician's "A"
Guitar -tuning Tones.
Octave
PE8-77
Master Charge
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PLUS!
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AUGUST 1977
CHARGE YOUR ORDER TO YOUR AMERICAN

EXPRESS, eANKAMEclitin. MASTER
includes charts, tables and diagrams.
State
Zip
i
75
carry a 1% tolerance. Good quality ceramic or plastic tilm capacitors should be used in the generator circuit, 25 -volt electrolytics as power supply filters C7 and C8, and solid tantalum
types for the power supply bypass units (C9, C10, C11 and
C12). Function switch SI is a 3- position, single -pole, non shorting rotary switch
If a separate power supply is used, bypass capacitors C9
through C12 should be wired within the function generator.
However, with careful planning the entire circuit, including the
r -C CRt
BL/WH
SW2
GREEN
20!1
Of
Cy
a.
F1
CR?
1/4 A
power supply (except for the power transformer and ac line

components), can be assembled on a single pc board. A common heat sink should be used to couple switching transistors
Q1 -Q2 and Q3 -Q4 to insure thermal tracking. After assembly
and check -out, two simple adjustments are required. With the
function switch in mid -position (triangular wave output), R11 is
set for a 1 -MHz signal and R16 is adjusted for perfect waveform symmetry. Next. R11 is set for a 10 -Hz output and R14 is
adjusted for perfect symmetry.
I IN
5411.1
I4
25V
YELLOW
T1
12V
12V
FULL WAVE
BRIDGE
VARO
VE27
F9OX
OUT
LM340K
24 VAc
115V
t
I
C9
TIN
4.7uF
LM305H
CR3
BL/RED
REO
CR4
-- -
5V
j2ND
-2011
1N
OUT
CB
.J
500uF
2511
OUT
LM320K
12V
-12V
IN
.IGND
LM32CH
OUT
5V
-5V
Fig. 5. This power supply w al provide

plus- and -minus 5- and 12 -volt supplies
for the function generator of Fig. 4.
IGNO
-17
STAY TURNED ON
WITii TOUR LOW ROWER
FRiENdS FROM
CIS
Autoranging DMM
Frequency Counter
Logic Probe
$ 99.95
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Liquid crystal displays, plus CMOS designed testers offer you

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30 MHz FREQUENCY COUNTER. Liquid crystal 6 digit cisplay
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minimim. RCA phono connection. $119.95.
PROBIT" LOGIC PROBE. Tests TTL /CMOs pulses -dorm to 35 NS
and frequencies 113 to 40 MHz.Uses 7 segment LED diso ay
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power Includes pocket carrying case. $34.95.
ks. Send
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FREE 15 DAY TRIAL. Be convinced or get your money back. Fut 90:
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CIRCLE
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POPULAR ELECTRONICS
Hobby Scene/
scanner antennas which will work in

the low and high vhf bands? -Chris
Del Plato, Whippany, NJ.
By John McVeigh
VOX POPULI
Q. Could you please explain how a

voice -operated switch in an SSB
transmitter works ?-R. Lloyd, Goldsboro, NC.
Q. Can you suggest a circuit for a
VOX switch for use with my transmitter? -Dan Brown, New Albany, IN.
A. A VOX circuit samples the microphone signal, usually after amplification
by a mike preamp. The signal is further
amplified by a VOX amp, then rectified
and smoothed into a positive dc level by
an RC filter with a fairly long time constant. The receiver's audio output is also
sampled, conditioned by an anti -VOX
amp, then rectified and filtered by a diode and RC filter into a negative dc level. The VOX and anti -VOX signals are
summed and applied to a comparator.
When the operator is not speaking,
the microphone picks up the audio. But
the anti -VOX signal prevents the receiver audio from tripping the VOX circuit.
When the microphone detects speech, a
positive input is applied to the comparaGROUND LOOPS
I would like to know how to avoid
ground loops. Also, should the coils
in a power line filter both be wound in
one direction, or one clockwise and
the other one counterclockwise?
Charles Gulino, Brooklyn, N.Y.
Q.
A. The fundamental rule for avoiding

ground loops is to make sure that only
one grounded lead is connected to the
chassis of a particular component. The
figure shows an example of a ground
loop. Note that the shielded cable between component A (say, a preamp)
and component B (a power amp) is tied
to both chassis. Also, separate grounding straps are run from each chassis to
tor. When the VOX input exceeds a reference voltage (applied to the comparator to limit VOX sensitivity), a relay driver
such as a transistor conducts, energizing the VOX relay. This relay in turn activates the transmitter's T/R relay. Also
included in most VOX circuits is a delay
circuit. This holds the VOX relay closed
for an adjustable interval of time, thus
preventing relay drop -out and chatter
between syllables and closely spaced
words.
A really nifty VOX circuit appeared in
an article called, "A VOX for a Very
Small Box," in OST for March 1976. It
uses just two IC's and is powered by
+12 volts dc. Back issues of OST are
available for $1.50 from the American
Radio Relay League, 225 Main Street,
Newington, CT 06111.
Have a problem or question on circuitry, components, parts availability, etc/ Send it to the Hobby
Scene Editor, POPULAR ELECTRONICS, One Park
Ave., New York, N.Y. 10016. Though all letters can't
be answered individually, those with wide interest
will be published.
THE
ANTENNA DESIGNS
Q. I own a Bearcat IV scanner and

would rather make an antenna than
buy one. Can you show me a few simple and effective designs for external
ground. If there is a potential difference
between the two chassis, a current can
flow around the ground loop. This can
lead to hum problems. The easiest way
to open the loop is to remove the
grounding strap at either component A
or component B. The chassis will still be
grounded through the braid of the
shielded lead -but only at one point.
It doesn't really make a difference
which way you wind the coils for a line
filter. Just be sure that wire with adequate insulation and capacitors rated for
line bypassing (such as 1000 -volt ac
disc ceramic types) are used. Observe
good construction practices and keep
safety in mind. When in doubt, use a
commerical UL- approved line filter.
tI
OUTPUT --}1
COMPONENT
A. There are many things to be considered here. You'll have to decide whether
you want one antenna for each band, or
say a broadbanded antenna to cover
more than one. Also, are you interested
in a low -gain, omni -directional antenna
or a high -gain directional one? It's best
to consult one of the many books on the
subject, such as The Radio Amateur's
Handbook, The ARRL Antenna Book,
The Radio Amateur's VHF Manual (published by the American Radio Relay
League, 225 Main Street, Newington,
CT 06111), or the VHF Handbook for
Radio Amateurs (Radio Publications,
Box 149, Wilton, CT 06897), or the Radio Handbook (Editors and Engineers
Division, Howard W. Sams & Co., Indianapolis, IN 46268).
1-'1
NPUT
COMPONENT
B
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AUGUST 1977
8700
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43
1020
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ON
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W.
Wilshire Blvd.
OK 73116
INFORMATION
CARD
77
There's an electronic kit that's

exciting NEW HEATHKIrCATALOG.
Here are just a few of the things YOU can build!
ATQW
VALUE- PRICED
ECONOMY STEREO
RECEIVER
The new AR-1219 AM /FM stereo receiver is just the one to have for "budget" priced stereo systems, smaller listening rooms, apartments, dorms, etc. It has
good power (15 watts, minimum RMS,
per channel into 3 ohms with less than
0.1% total harmonic distortion from 2020,000 Hz); a sensitive FM -AM tuner with
a PLL multiplex circuit and a factoryassembled and aligned FM front end; inputs for phono and tape, a tape monitor,
and built-in AM and FM antennas. Plus
tasteful styling to complement any decor.
SPEAKER SYSTEMS
A complete line of
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to full -size floor
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MA
NATNKr
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AMATEUR RADIO NOVICE

LICENSE LEARN -AT-HOME
4111
YILA
AIRCRAFT CLOCK /TIMER
Gives you the reli-
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tility you WANT

for precise flight
timing at substantial savings. Dual
4 -digit
displays -one
showing 24-hour GMT

or ZULU time and the
other performing a
function you preselect; local time, 24minute timer, 24hour trip timer, or
The Amateur Radio course so good its

GUARANTEED. Effective Heathkit "programmed" instruction text plus audio
cassettes teach you all you need to know
to get your Amateur Radio Novice License. In fact, we're so confident of this
course, that if you don't obtain your License after passing it, we'll refund your
money! We even include a variety of operating aids to help you set up your
station.
HOME PPODUCT KITS
~<
special alarm
timer ideal or
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Heath has products to make your

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New Heatkit Catalog describing nearly 4C0 superb electron c kits that you can build
yourself for pride, satisfaction
and SAVINGS.
78
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
just right for you in this

r
Discover why thousands of people just like you

enjoy handcrafting their own electronic equipment with exciting Heathkit products.
Building our kits is so easy and so much fun that
most people enjoy the building just as much as they
do using the product! There's the pride of accomplishment, the satisfaction of making something
with your own two hands and the knowledge that
you've "mastered" a sophisticated piece of electronic equipment. And every Heathkit product is
designed for easy buildability. Our world famous
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they even teach you to solder properly.
And every kit product we sell is backed by our "We
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We've taken our finest Amateur Radio

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Some Heathkit
products are just
plain fun to own
and use. An exciting TV game
that lets you play hockey, tennis or handball in full color, a unique programmable
door bell that announces visitors with
your favorite tune. A programmable

digital stopwatch that times just
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treasure finder /metal Iocators for beach -time fun, marine electronics, and lots more. There's a complete line of digital electronic clocks and
weather instruments including the popular digital floor and
shelf clocks. There's

also a convenient mount -
anywhere touch -control

light switch.
AUGUST 1977
preselect an entire evening's viewing,

then just relax as the GR-2001 changes
channels automatically at the proper
time. You can even program it to rotate
your outdoor antenna system automatically. A real breakthrough in TV convenience.
Coming This Fall!

The Exciting
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See them at PC -77 Personal Computing
Consumer Trade Fair, Atlantic City,

August 27 and 28.
ti!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!lt!!!'
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ON
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1
1
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1
1
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Address
Heath Company, Dept. 010 -320

Benton Harbor. Michigan 49022
CIRCLE
Heath Company, Dept. 010 -320

Benton Harbor, Michigan 49022
Please send me my FREE Heathkit Catalog.

am not on your mailing list.
Return card or coupon for your FREE

Heathkit catalog today. It has complete descriptions and photos of some of the most
exciting electronic products you can find
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The first and only Programmable Computerized Color TV System: The GR -2001.
Its optional programming panel lets you
CARD
M1
=! .1.1!!!!!!!!! S!!
1
.111
81
.plrvA
Experimenter's
Corner
By Forrest M. Mims
THE FOUR -LAYER DIODE

THE FOUR -LAYER diode is a pnpn
negative -resistance,
two- terminal
device with switching properties similar
to those of the neon glow lamp (see December 1976 "Experimenter's Corner ").
Below a certain voltage level, variously
called the trigger, threshold, avalanche
or firing voltage, the diode has a very
high electrical resistance and is said to
be in the "off' state. When the applied
voltage reaches the trigger level, the re-
is capable of self- switching, it is ideal for

use in ultra -simple relaxation oscillator
circuits. Considerable operating flexibility is available since four -layer diodes

are available with trigger voltages ranging from 10 to more than 100 volts.
A basic four -layer diode relaxation oscillator is shown in Fig. 1. In operation,
Cl is charged through R1 until the
switching voltage of four -layer diode D1
is reached. The diode then turns on and
the charge on Cl is suddenly shorted
across D1 and the load, RL When the
current from Cl falls below a certain
minimum level, Dl switches off and R1
again charges Cl to Dl's switching volt.
iU
Fig. 1. Basic four -layer

diode relaxation oscillator.
sistance of the diode abruptly drops to a
few ohms or less and the diode enters
the "on" state.
Sometimes called the Shockley diode
after its inventor, the four-layer diode is
virtually unknown to most electronics experimenters. Many of them, however,
have used a four -layer diode with a third
electrode, the well -known SCR (silicon
controlled rectifier). While the four -layer
diode will only trigger at a specific firing
voltage, the SCR can be made to switch
over a wide voltage range by simply applying a trigger pulse to its gate electrode. And, as some experimenters
have accidentally learned, the SCR will
self- trigger just like a four -layer diode if
the anode -cathode voltage exceeds a
certain "forward breakdown voltage."
It's true that the gate terminal makes
the SCR a more versatile electronic
switch than the basic four -layer diode.
Nevertheless, since the four-layer diode
82
age.
This oscillator circuit is so simple that
important details of its operation are
easy to ascertain before a test version is
built. For example, since the charge on
Cl determines when D1 switches on,
the RC time constant of Rl and Cl determines the firing frequency of D1. The
firing rate is limited to a certain maximum frequency since D1 will stay on if
the current flowing through it exceeds a
certain minimum level (Ih). Accordingly,
Rl must be large enough to keep the
current level from the power supply below Ih.
Finally, we know that since D1 has a
+27V
/
/OK
R2
D/
ook
very low "on" resistance, very high currents can be present during the circuit's
discharge cycle. For example, if both RL
and D1 (in the "on" state) each have a
resistance of one ohm, the total resistance across Cl is only two ohms.
Ohm's law says the current in a circuit
equals the voltage divided by the resistance (I = E /R). Therefore, if D1 fires
at 50 volts, an impressive 25 amperes
will flow through Dl and RL during the
discharge cycle of Cl!
Of course, 25 amperes will rapidly destroy a relatively puny four-layer diode if
applied cortinuously. But by limiting Cl
to about 0.- F the width of the current
pulse will be a very brief microsecond or
so. This keeps unwanted heat build -up
to a minimum and protects the diode
from thermal destruction.
The ultra -fast switching speeds of the
four-layer diode (less than 50 nanoseconds) mean that the inductance of the
wire leads in the discharge path can
slow the discharge pulse and induce
ringing (negative undershoot). This isn't
serious in some applications, but it can
cause problems in others.
Practical Circuits. The super -simple

circuitry of a four-layer diode relaxation
oscillator lends itself to many practical
applications. For example, Fig. 2 shows
a simple, yet versatile, audio oscillator
which can be used to produce audio frequencies ranging from the "pock .
pock
pock" of a metronome to the
ear -piercing sound of a 10,000 -Hz tone.
Switch Si permits various values of capacitance to be selected. Potentiometer
R2 varies the frequency of the circuit by
altering the charging rate of the discharge capacitor. Diode Dl can be any
common four -layer diode such as the
1N3831 through 1 N3846, the 4E series
or the M4L series.
Diodes with low firing voltages work
well and simplify firing requirements.
(See the specs for individual diodes.)
For examp e, power for a diode with a
20 -volt firing voltage such as the
1N3821 can be supplied by a series
string of three fresh 9 -volt transistor radio batteries.
The circuit in Fig. 2 can easily be
adapted for use as a pulse generator by
substituting the simple network in Fig. 3
.
8S2
sfrotR
C{
C/
O
sPKR
CONNECT/DNS
N F/b. .2
z.s -/onn
500
PULSE
ouT
Fig.
2.
Audio oscillator.
Fig.
3.
Pulse generator output.

POPULAR ELECTRONICS
--27V
RI
flit Infosh
CATALOG
and FM DIRECTORY
McIntosh
SolGet all the newest and latest information on the new

id State equipment in the McIntosh catalog. In addition you will
receive an FM station directory that covers all of North America.
k
/N.382/
oR
C/
O /f4.
Ew/VAL ENT
LED OR
LASER
U /DoE
CAuT /ON. /NECT7ON LASERS

W /LL BE DESTROYED etY
EXCESSIVE CURRENT FLOfrV
11
I6
....._8
!?
3i
&..
il
.pr4ves
,r,se
rsr.xrssrse
Fig. 4. Four -layer diode LED

and injection laser driver.
for the speaker. The 500 -ohm potentiometer permits the amplitude of the output pulses to be varied between zero
and the firing voltage of the four -layer diode. The small resistor (3.3 -10 ohms)
limits the output current and protects Dl
from being damaged by excessive current flow in the event the output is shorted directly to ground.
My favorite application for the four layer diode relaxation oscillator is as a
subminiature, high- current driver for infrared LED's and semiconductor injection lasers. Figure 4 shows a circuit using only three components which easily
delivers 10- ampere pulses with a width
of about 100 nanoseconds and a rate of
about a kilohertz to a diode laser. A typical experimenter-grade laser diode will
deliver up to several watts of invisible infrared at a wavelength of about 900
nanometers when driven by this circuit.
Laser, pulser, and batteries can be easily built into a small pocket -size package.
A simple lens can be added to squeeze
the broad beam from the laser into the
pencil -thin beam produced by the much
more costly gas lasers.
Be sure to keep the leads between the
laser and the pulser short and direct if
you try this circuit. Excess lead length
can induce negative overshoot currents
of several amperes, enough to damage
or destroy the laser. It's very important
to keep the pulse current below the maximum allowable for a particular laser. If
you have access to a fast (25 MHz or so)
scope, you can see the pulses delivered
to the laser. Insert a 1 -ohm resistor (fixed carbon; not wirewound) between the
laser and ground and connect the scope
across it. Since the resistance is one
ohm, the voltage seen on the scope
equals current in amperes through the
laser.
You can also try building a four -layer
diode audio oscillator to become familiar
with the operating simplicity of this often
overlooked parts saver.
O
MX 113
FM /FM STEREO
AM TUNER AND PREAMPLIFIER
McIntosh Laboratory, Inc.

East Side Station P.O. Box 96
Binghamton, N.Y. 13904
Dept. PE
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If you
CIRCLE
34
NO.
ON
INFORMATION
FREE
CARD
Sporting Frencs .ore in Experience 43 Exciting

as Being There'
Movies Are .Seen The lIer 'They Nere dean(
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rone And Other ('ideo Garner .1 re Dure (::rciting
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LIFESCREEN LENS
e 10"
LIFESCREEN FRONT SURFACE MIRROR,
LIFESCREENFRONT SURFACE MIRROR, 140" x 20"
EXTRON LS 50 SCREEN 32" x 40' /SO" Diagonal
1 COMPLETE LIFESCREEN
134
EXTRON LIFESCREENu PROJECTION SYSTEM

8831 Sunset Boulevard,
West Hollywood, California 90069
I." 49.1)0
F-
26 9
I,rnl",N1IIrI,x1l
s
TOTAL-
.sale, tax.
CIRCLE
AUGUST 1977
ZIP
STATE
CITY
NO.
20
ON
$269.00
8299.00 CARO NUMBER
INFO PAK
FREE
INFORMATION
--
CARD
50c
r 7,1
L-:!
EXPR DATE
83
Product
Test Reports
PRESIDENT "WASHINGTON" AM /SSB CB BASE STATION
40- channel transceiver can be powered by ac line or 13.8-volt dc.
THE "WASHINGTON" from President electronics is a sophisticated

40- channel AM /SSB CB base station
transceiver. It is designed for operation
from a 117 -volt ac line source, but also
may be powered from a nominal 13.8 volt dc supply with negative or positive
ground.
Digital frequency synthesis and numeric LED channel indicators are used
in the transceiver. Among its other features are: PHONE jack; VOLUME control;
RF GAIN and SQUELCH controls; MIKE
GAIN control; AM /USB /LSB mode selector; CLARIFIER control; PA /CB and NB
(noise blanker) pushbutton switches, the
latter with a noise limiter; illuminated
S /RF PWR meter; LED mode indicators;
front -facing
speaker;
transmitter -on
LED; external- speaker jack; low -level
clipper with filter; automatic modulation
control (amc); automatic level control
(alc) for SSB operation; electronic voltage regulation; reverse -polarity protection; and a line filter for dc sources.
The transceiver measured 131/2" W x
11 "D x 5 "H (34.3x 28 x 12.7 cm) and
weighs 13.8 lb (6.3 kg). Supplied with
microphone and mobile mounting hardware, it retails for $429.95.
Technical Details.
Frequency con transceiver is provided by a

PLL (phase -locked loop) synthesis system. A single- conversion receiver is employed, with the PLL's voltage -controlled
oscillator (vco) operating in the area of
teol of the
84
35 MHz to produce a 7.8 -MHz -f. A diode- protected r-f stage precedes the
FET mixer.
A simple crystal bandpass filter following the mixer minimizes unwanted -signal responses, while a multisection crystal- lattice filter provides AM adjacent channel rejection and sideband selection on SSB. Three -f stages, the second and third of which are dc coupled,
provide high gain with good stabiliity.
Separate voltage -doubling diodes are
used for the S meter, for which there is
an additional -f amplifier, AM detection,
and the agc. The last is amplified along
with the r-f gain and controls a transistor
that functions as a variable attenuator at
the input to the r -f amplifier. A product
detector is provided for SSB.
The and for AM is the usual type and is
followed by an audio amplifier and an IC
power -output stage that also provides
the modulating signal on AM. An amplified squelch is agc activated. The noise
blanker employs the usual setup. It functions at 23 MHz to prevent triggering by
CB signals and is switched in along with
the anl.
A 10,240 -kHz crystal -controlled signal
is divided down to 10,000 Hz to provide
the standard PLL reference. Then an
11,285-kHz crystal signal is tripled, difference -mixed with the output of the vco,
and divided (according to the channel
selector position). This provides the vco
comparison signal at the phase comparator that furnishes the control voltage
i
for the vco. All dividing and phase comparison are accomplished in a single integrated circuit.
On transmit, the 11,825 -kHz crystal
signal is replaced by a 800 -Hz signal
(depending on whether AM, USB, or
LSB is selected). When tripled, this signal generates a total change of 2400
Hz. This sic nal is then mixed with one of
two carrier -oscillator signals, again depending on the mode of operation, that
are also shifted 2400 Hz from 7800
kHz.
The output of the vco is sum -cornbined at a transmitter mixer with the
nominal 7800-kHz signal to provide the
on- channel frequency. However, on
SSB, the 7800 -kHz signal is first modulated and the carrier suppressed at a
balanced modulator. After this, the desired sideband is selected by the crystal lattice filter.
The mixer is followed by an r-f amplifier, predriver, driver, and the r -f power
amplifier stages. The power amplifier includes a three -section output network
with a TVI trap. On SSB, the power amplifier funct ons as a linear amplifier, as
do the preceding stages. On AM, the
power amplifier and driver are collector
modulated.
A bootstrap setup around an IC microphone amplifier provides compression
with this amc augmented by a low -level
clipper. This is followed by a dual -section low-pass audio filter that minimizes
frequencies above about 2500 Hz. This
scheme el minates out -of-band distortion that might otherwise produce splatter due to the internal clipping action.
The overall result is extremely effective
in preventing overmodulation while still
allowing high average modulation without splatter. Similar results are obtained
on SSB, where the low -level clipper is
engaged along with an alc setup.
Transmit/receive transfer is accomplished with a relay, along with electronic switching.
Laboratory Measurements.
In our
laboratory measurements, we obtained
the following results. The sensitivity of
the receiver measured 0.55 V on AM
with 30% modulation at 1000 Hz and
less than 0.2 p.V on SSB for 10 dB (S
N) /N. Image, i -f, and other unwanted signal rejection all measured greater
than 75 dB. Adjacent -channel rejection,
desensitization, and crossmodulation
were in the range of 55 to 60 dB. The
squelch threshold range was 0.4 to 1000
V. The agc figure of merit was 13 dB of
audio change with a 20 -dB r -f input
change at 1 to 10 V, 16 dB of audio
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
change with an 80 -dB r -f change at 1 to

10,000 V.
An S9 indication on the S meter was
obtained with a 50-PV signal. Unwanted-sideband suppression measured
greater than 60 dB at 1000 Hz. The
overall response was 200 to 2000 Hz on
AM and nominally 50 to 2700 Hz on
SSB. The audio output measured 3.5
watts at 3% THD with a 1000 -Hz test
signal on receive and 3.75 watts on PA.
The noise blanker allowed 0.5to -1 -V signals to be readable with only
a trace of background noise in the presence of impulse noise 100 dB above 1
V /MHz bandwidth. Pulses 70 dB
above 1 V were all subdued.
The AM carrier output was 4 watts
when the transceiver was operated from
the ac line. On SSB, the output was 12
watts pep with a test tone and 14 to 16
watts with voice modulation. Maximum
AM modulation at input levels 25 dB
above that required for 50% modulation
were 90% on the positive peak and 85%
on the negative peak at 6% THD with a
1000 -Hz signal. The THD increased to
20% during maximum clipping at 400
Hz. Adjacent -channel splatter with voice
or steady 1000 -Hz modulation was a
minimum of 60 dB down. It was in the
FLUKE MODEL 8020A

DIGITAL MULTIMETER
31/2 digits, 6 functions, 28 ranges.
FLUKE'S new Model 8020A digital

multimeter has a number of innovative features wrapped up in a rather
small package for portable use. It features a 31/2 -digit liquid crystal display
(LCD) and low- current IC's to permit up
to 200 hours of continuous operation
from a single replaceable 9 -volt alkaline
AUGUST 1977
range of 55 to 60 dB at 2500 Hz. The

peaks occasionally hit 100% with voice
modulation.
Third-order distortion products on
SSB were 26 dB below two test tones, or
32 dB below the pep output, using maximum microphone gain and alc, which
allowed high average modulation without distortion- causing flat- topping. Unwanted- sideband suppression at 1000
Hz was greater than 50 dB and carrier
suppression was 60 dB.
User Comment. This
is an impressive looking transceiver, matching its

fine performance. The channel -selector
knob is large and easy to handle. Much
to our delight, there are no concentric
controls to confuse the CB'er. The controls are arranged in logical order along
the bottom of the front panel. The mode indicating LED's are ideally located
above the mode switch, and the channel
displays are large and easy to read.
Another nicety is that the lighted meter is large and round for easy reading.
The power scale's calibration at the
point labelled "4" coincides closely with
the actual AM r-f output power. Should
the user switch to PA, however, he will
learn that the meter is not illuminated,
nor are there any other indicators that

the transceiver is "on."
One of the fine performance features
of this transceiver is its modulation. As
noted by our tests, the transceiver provides a high average modulation level
for a good punch, with the modulation
peaks held to just short of 100 %. This
produces a clean signal without splatter,
even with the mic GAIN control fully
turned up. However, it must be recognized that although the clipper's low pass filter minimizes distortion products
outside of the channel being used, distortion from heavy clipping can appear in
the transmitter's audio passband. (The
passband was nominally 260 to 2700 Hz
on AM and 400 to 2500 Hz on SSB.) In
this respect, the response varied somewhat with different microphone levels
due to variations in the clipping levels at
various frequencies. The Washington's
front -facing speaker enhances voice intelligibility and the phone jack permits
private monitoring.
With the exception of an SWR indicator, the Washington CB transceiver from
President Electronics has everything
you will need for convenient base -station use on both AM and SSB.
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battery. In addition to the usual voltage,

current, and resistance measuring capabilities, the new DMM has a novel "conductance" function that offers the user
the capability of measuring transistor
beta and high -resolution resistance up
to 10,000 megohms.
The DMM measures 7'/s"L x 33/8'W x
11/2'D (18.1 x 8.6 x 3.8 cm) and weighs
13 oz (560 g). $169.
ed for up to 300 volts rms on the 200 -mV

range and up to 750 volts rms on the
higher ranges. Accuracy on dc is 0.25%
+1 count and on ac is a function of frequency, going from a low of 0.75% +2
counts up to 1000 Hz to a high of 5% +5
counts at 5000 Hz. The normal -mode rejection is 60 dB at 50/60 Hz, while common -mode rejection is 100 dB at dc and
50/60 Hz.
Six ranges are provided for the resis-
General Details. The DMM offers
tance- measuring function, each going

up in decade steps from 200 ohms to 20
megohms full -scale. Accuracy is stated
as ranging from 0.2% on the lower
ranges to 2% on the 20- megohm range.
Full -scale test voltages on the 200 -ohm,
20k, and 2- megohm ranges is 0.25 volt;
greater than 0.7 volt on the 200k and 20megohm ranges; and less than 1 volt on
the 2k range. The open- circuit voltage is
rated at less than 3.5 volts on the 2k
range and less than 1.5 volts on all other
ranges. Note that the test voltages are
arranged so that on the 200 -ohm, 2k,
and 2- megohm ranges silicon diodes
will not conduct when taking a resistance measurement in a circuit across a
semiconductor junction. Overvoltage
protection up to 300 volts dc and ac rms
is provided on all ranges.
six
functions and 26 ranges, all selectable
by pushing in the appropriate switches
located along the left side of the case.
The functions include ac and dc current
and voltage, resistance, and conductance. The accuracy on all functions and
ranges is specified at 0.25 %. Transient
protection for up to 6000 volts is provided, as are automatic zeroing and automatic polarity indication.
Ac and dc voltages can be measured
on five ranges that go up in decade
steps from 200 mV to 1000 volts full scale on dc and 750 volts on ac. Input
resistance /impedance in both cases is
10 megohms (paralleled by less than
100 pF on the ac ranges). On dc, the input is protected up to 1000 volts on all
ranges, while on ac, protection is provid-
85
Put Professional Knowledge and a
COLLEGE DEGREE
in your Electronics Career through
Earn Your
DEGREE
by correspondence, while continuing your
present job. No commuting to class. Study
at your own pace. Learn from complete and
explicit lesson materials, with additional
assistance from our home -study instructors.
Advance as fast as you wish, but take all the
time you need to master each topic. Profit
from, and enjoy, the advantages of directed
bu: self -paced home study.
The Grantham electronics degree pro gram begins with basics, leads first to the
A.S.E.T. degree, and then to the B.S.E.E.
degree. Our free bulletin gives complete
details of the program itself, the degrees
awarded, the requirements for each degree,
and how to enroll. Write for Bulletin E-77.
Grantham College of Engineering

2000 Stoner Avenue
P. O. Box 25992
Los Angeles, CA 90025
Worldwide Career Training thru Home Study
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Al
User Report. We tested
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Instruments, CB,
Burglar Alarms,
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Tie more you know about electronics, the
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86
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The conductance function allows

high- resistance measurements to be
made to an equivalent of 10,000 megohms. This allows the user to test for capacitor leakage and check the condition
of diodes, cables, etc. In addition, by using an external socket and a single resistor, transistor beta can be measured
directly. This handy function makes transistor matching a snap.
Two conductance ranges are provided: 2 mS and 2 nS (S stands for Siemens, which replaces the formerly used
mho). Accuracy is rated at 0.3% +1
count on the 2 -mS and 2% +10 counts
on the 2 -nS ranges. The open- circuit
test potential is less than 1.5 volts dc on
both ranges, and both ranges will forward bias a typical transistor junction.
Four decade ranges are provided for
making current measurements on ac
and dc, starting with 2 mA and ending
with 2000 mA (2 A) full -scale. Accuracy
on dc is rated at 0.75% +1 count on all
ranges. On ac, the accuracy is stated at
2% +2 counts between 45 and 450 Hz
on the 2 -mA range and 1.5% +2 counts
on all other ranges between 45 and
1000 Hz. In both modes, the insertion
drop is specified at 0.7 volt on the 2000 mA range and 0.25 volt on all other
ranges. Overcurrent protection is provided for up to 2 A on all ranges in both
modes, and the inputs are fuse- protected when measuring current in circuits
where the open- circuit potential is 250
volts or less.
INFORMATION
the DMM in
our usual manner, using a laboratory
voltage reference standard and a variety
of 1% and 0.1% precision resistors of
known values. Our results verified that
the meter was within the published
specifications
most cases, well within the specs -on the resistance and ac
and dc voltage functions and ranges.
We used our voltage reference and
0.1 % tolerance resistors to then check
the accuracy of the current-measuring
functions. Though we did not attempt to
make current measurements greater
than 250 mA, the results obtained leave
no doubt that here, too, the instrument
performed well within its published specifications.
The DMM is housed in a high -impact
plastic case, on which we performed our
usual drop test from a height of 1 meter
onto a hardwood floor. Needless to say,
the instrument survived the test. We performed the laboratory tests again and
discovered that our results were no different from those we had obtained before the drop test.
-in
We like the location of all the operating switches along the left side of the in-
strument's case. This makes for convenient one -hand operation of the DMM.
Another plus is that the test -lead input
jacks are deeply recessed into the case,
which makes it virtually impossible for a
user to accidentally bridge the inputs
with his hand when making high-voltage
measurements.
The large 7/16" (11.1 -mm) high numerals in the display are dead black
against the light metallic background,
which makes them easy to read under
almost all lighting conditions. Being a liquid crystal display, it requires very low
current to operate, which is the primary
reason an ordinary 9 -volt alkaline battery delivers such a long operating life.
In fact, during our field tests of the DMM
we rarely ever turned off the power
when we were on a job. And replacement of the battery is a simple operation.
A cover at the bottom rear of the case
slides out tc allow the battery (and the
fuse, which is mounted in a block atop
the battery clip) to be replaced at a moment's notice.
We performed some transistor beta
tests according to the instructions given
in the manual supplied with the DMM.
To our surprise, the Model 8020A DMM
came up with almost identical readings
as those obtained on our laboratorygrade transistor tester.
Although -.he conductance mode was
new to us, it did not take us long to gain
familiarity with it. The operating manual
illustrates a conductance -to- resistance
conversion table that can be used for exacting measurements. Essentially, the
conductance function allows the DMM to
make measurements out to 10,000
megohms, which is not possible with ordinary multimeters, even DMM's. This
capability is ideal for checking capacitors and cables for leakage and semiconductors for forward /reverse ratios.
When the potential from the battery
drops below 7.2 volts, the display indicates BT tc inform the user that only
20% of the battery's life remains.
After using the Model 8020A digital
multimeter cn our workbench and in the
field for some time, we conclude that it is
an excellent instrument for the engineer,
technician, and hobbyist. It is rugged,
easy to use, and provides more than
enough accuracy for most any measuring task. Moreover, its conductance
function expands the meter's versatility.
It is also quite reasonably priced for
what it offers in the way of test and measurement capabilities.
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irmiE FEEL
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The Realistic Mach One isn't just for your ears!

Multicell midrange horn
Provides a true spatial image.
Smooth 800 -8000 Hz response
for a "live" presence.
Heavy -duty tweeter horn
Massive
15" woofer
Delivers crisp and clean highs

from 8000 to 25,000 Hz.
The acoustic suspension.

large-excursion cone has
an effective radiating
area of over 100 square
inches -the equivalent of
Treble, midrange L -pads

Calibrated controls for precise
adjustment of response to suit
room acoustics.
Oiled walnut veneer
huge air -pump

for
bass you can feel all the
way down to 20 Hz. The
a
We make speaker positioning
easy by including a cabinet with

the look and feel of fine furniture
so the Mach One looks great
anywhere!
four -layer voice coil is

wound on a brass form for
heavy power handling
capacity -over 100 watts
peak program material.
A great loudspeaker doesn't just please your ears. It reproduces deep bass
with a power and punch your entire body feels .. it recreates the live
ambience so accurately that when you close your eyes, ycu're "on location" in
that auditorium, concert hall or night spot ... and it delivers top performance
with both moderate and high -powered amp ifiers. If you think we're talking
about a $400 speaker, you haven't experienced the Mach One. For under
$200 each*, you get incredible "live theatre" sound from a name you can
depend on: Realistic. Backed by 56 years in audio design, manufacture,
sales and service. So bring in your favorite record for a Mach One
audition, and discover the feel of music.
.
Removable grille
The sturdy grille frame snaps on
and off for easy access to the
response controls
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These two credit cards

honored at most Radio Shacks.
*Pace may vary at individual

stores and dealers.
87
turns on a socket. Then, because of the

flip -flop action, the socket remains powered even when the tone is removed.
The second time the tone occurs, the
power is removed from the socket.
Because of the 30- Hz -to -17 -kHz
bandwidth of the system, quite a number
of discrete tones can be transmitted.
The use of high-Q filters can increase
even that number.
By Leslie Solomon, Technical Editor
The Circuits. Transmitter and receiv-
REMOTE CONTROL
There has been lots of talking in various computer circles about the possibility of using a computer and a special
program to control appliances around
the house. However, there has been
very little doing on the subject after the
expense of the necessary rewiring was
calculated.
While considering this problem at one
club meeting, I was reminded of an article published in this magazine some
time ago that just might be of some help.
The article was "Wireless Audio System
for Remote Speakers" (January 1976)
and it described the concept of using a
wide -band (30 Hz to 17 kHz) FM carriercurrent transmitting system operating at
approximately 200 kHz, to pipe hi -fi music around the house using the ac power
lines already existing in the structure.
Wherever you wanted a loudspeaker,
you merely installed a matched FM carriercurrent receiver and used the audio
output from this device to operate the remote speaker system.
Now, why couldn't the same idea be
applied to a computer system since just
about every structure where a computer
is installed is already wired and the existing power lines could be used: The
only requirement is to substitute discrete
tone signals for the hi -fi music. Since the
wireless system has excellent specifica-
er circuits that can be used are shown

here. Note that both are connected directly to the ac power line, so great care
must be taken when working with the circuit to avoid electrical shock.
In the transmitter, which will be located at the computer, the selection of R1
and Cl will determine the oscillation frequency. In the circuit shown, Cl can be
about 0.001 F, while R1 is in the range
of 1500 to 4700 ohms for a transmitting
frequency of about 300 kHz. Other values may be used to set the desired operating frequency. Although you can use
a single resistor for R1, switches may be
used to select other values for other frequencies. In the circuit shown, transmission gates ITG) such as the CMOS 4016
can be operated by a computer signal. If
tions (S /N is -65 dB, frequency response is 30 Hz to 17 kHz 0.2 dB, and

audio distortion is less than 2 %), good
results could be expected.
Although am still in the process of
building what I am about to describe,
want to pass the idea along so that any
one who is interested can make his own
modifications or redesign the system for
better operation.
I
Modulating With a Program. The

first requirement is a program that will
turn on an audio tone generator at a frequency determined by a given corn mand. This tone is then used to modulate the wireless intercom system. A
separale decoder can be installed in
each room where there are appliances
to be controlled and each decoder supplies a number of output signals.
The decoded outputs could be used to
turn on an SCR or triac, which, in turn,
would supply power to a conventional
appliance socket. If each sccket is color coded, or otherwise identified as to
which tone turns it on, the computer can
control power to any socket in the system. To avoid having to keep a tone online while each socket is powered, the
decoded output pulse can be used to
turn on a flip-flop that operates the SCR
or triac. Thus, the first transmitted tone
desired, simple pushbutton switches

can be used.
The output of the transmitter's 567
drives a transistor emitter follower (any
good silicon type can be used) with the
output passing through a high -pass filter
to the ac line.
The receiver section to control only
one socket is shown. Its input is coupled
to the power line through a high -pass filter which a so includes diode signal clipping (optional). The R1 -C1 combination
in the receiver is selected to mate with
that used in the transmitter. The decoded tone output, which occurs when the
567 receives the correct frequency, is
+5 TO9V
I
.5K
0-1
POWER
SOCKET
567
POWER
LINE
TG
POWER
LINE
22071
TRANSMITTER
88
TO OTHER TONE DECODERS
+5V
27pF
2.2K
-D-
.OIyF
H-R--
27pF
F/F
567
7
2
RI
IyT
OIRF
CI
RECEIVER
Transmitter (left) and receiver (above) circuits

for a wireless system of remote contrcl by computer.
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
used to operate the flip -flop. This stage,

in turn, drives the SCR or triac. This controls the ac line supply to the power
socket.
When the correct frequency is received, the flip -flop turns on the SCR or
triac. The latter then remains on even
when the tone is removed. When the
correct frequency is detected the second time, the flip -flop changes states.
Then, at the next zero crossing of the
power supply, the triac is turned off, removing power from the controlled appliance. As previously mentioned, this system has not been built, but it looks workable. The reader can select his own frequencies, method of keying the tones,
type of flip -flop, etc.
Suggestions.
also possible to use

a conventional wireless intercom system, available from most electronics
parts distributors and catalogs. They
can be modified to use tone generators
at the transmitter end and phase -locked
loops (like the 567) at the receiver end.
No matter what kind of system you
use, the important thing is to remember
that any home, farm, or factory wired for
power is automatically wired for remote
control. All you have to do is generate
the correct activating signals.
It is
Newsbreak. There
have been rumors
in the wind for more than a year now that
Heath, among other well -known companies, was planning to introduce a hobbyist computer. Well, it has happened!
Heath has entered the hobby computer
field. Here is a brief description of what
was shown to us at a Heath press conference in Benton Harbor, Mich.
Based on the 8080A microprocessor,
the new Heath H8 Digital Computer (kit
price $375) features a 1 k ROM operating system, a 9- digit, 7- segment LED
octal display and a 16 -key keypad. The
readouts are used to display register
and memory contents, even when the
machine is running. Four discrete LED's
are used as system status indicators,
while a built -in loudspeaker can be used
for a variety of audio effects.
The bus design features two 25 -pin
connectors, and the bus has provisions
for 10 plug -ins. The plug -in boards are
tilted at the same angle as the sloping
front panel. The "edge" connectors are
on one side, and the other side of each
board is supported by a metal bracket.
The chassis is convection -cooled by a
series of louvres on the top and bottom
surfaces.
The kit contains everything but RAM
memory. A 4k static RAM board kit is
AUGUST 1977
Heathkit H8 digital computer.

available for $140, and a 4k chip set to
expand the board to 8k costs $95. There
is also a serial I/O board that contains a
1200 -baud audio cassette (modified
Manchester code, KC standard) for
$110, and a three -port parallel I/O for
$150.
The Heath H9 CRT terminal (kit price
$350) features a 67 -key board, and an
80- character by 12 -line display on its
built -in 12" glare -free monitor. Other features include a format option of four columns of 20 characters by 12 lines, full
cursor control, batch transmit, and a plot
mode. Standard serial I/O includes EIA
(RS -232), 20 -mA current loop, and TTL
levels. The baud rate is selectable between 110 and 9600.
There are several other items in the
Heath computer line, including the H11,
a 16 -bit machine for $1295. Based on
the Digital Equipment Corp. LSI -11 microcomputer module (KD11 -F), and featuring the PDP -11 software, this new
computer comes with a wired and tested
CPU board, and 4k x 16 -bit RAM memory. The memory is expandable to 20k.
The system includes a built -in back-
Heathkit H9 CRT terminal.
plane, power supply with switching regulators and full circuit protection, and I/O
accessories. A complete DEC software
package that includes an editor, PAL -11
assembler, linker, on -line debug package, I/O executive, BASIC and FOCAL,
is also included. Accessories include a
4k x 16 -bit RAM board at $275, a serial
and a parallel interface at $95 each. Purchasers of the H11 are eligible to join
DECUS (Digital Equipment Computer
Users Society), whose library contains
over 800 programs for the PDP -11
which can be run on the H11.
Another new item is the Heath H10
paper tape reader-punch for $350. Although intended for the Heath H8 and
H11 computers, the H10 can be used
with any other computers. This peripheral employs standard 1 " -wide paper tape
(roll or fan fold), and the reader operates
at 50 characters per second and is silent. The tape punch operates at 10
characters per second and either function is independent of the other and may
be operated simultaneously. The device
also features a copy mode for tape duplication, a built -in power supply, and a
stepper motor for the reader tape drive.
The interface is standard parallel TTL.
Heath will also make available the
LA36 DEC Writer Il for use with their
computer systems. This hard copy device features variable -width forms from
3" to 147/8" wide, 128- character ASCII
upper /lower case set with 95 printable
characters, 132 -column print format with
10 characters per inch horizontal and 6
lines per inch vertical spacing. It can
handle up to 6 part forms with 0.020"
maximum pack thickness. Other features include half- or full -duplex, parity
check on output ANSI -standard multikey rollover, and a keyboard similar to
that on a typewriter. The LA36 uses a
20 -mA current loop interface.
89
'SAVE!'
TIME
MONEY
FREIGHT
CB Scene
QUALITY STEREO EQUIPMENT

AT LOWEST PRICES.
YOUR
REQUEST
QUOTA-
FOR
TION
RETURNED SAME DAY.

FACTORY SEALED CARTONSGUARANTEED AND INSURED
By Ray Newhall, KWI6010
SAVE ON NAME BRANDS LIKE:
A.D.C.
KLH
A.R.
SHURE
DY NACO
KOSS
SONY
FISHER
CB DEVELOPMENT NEWS AND VIEWS
PIONEER
AND MORE THAN 50 OTHERS
BUY THE MODERN WAY
BY MAIL
- FROM
Mina, audio
Department 717S
12 East Delaware
Chicago, Illinois 60611
312 -664 -0020
CIRCLE
NO
24
ON
FREE
INFORMATION
CARD
where the
ACTION'S
at
Millions of
2 -way
CB radios are in
use -millions of new ones are being sold annually to new CBers and for replacing old
units -what a market for repair service Its the
biggest thing in electronics since color TV.
There s only one thing wrong with CB
growth -the lack of technicians capable of

servicing CB radios That s why many TV
shops are expanding into CB and why new CB
shops are opening up all over the country
Going CB servicing rates run from $12 to $24
per hour
To get Into CB radio servicing, full -time or
Fart -time. you need test equipment. an FCC
cperator license and to learn how To learn
MUC-I HAS BEEN written in this column and others about the future of
personal use radio, but soon many of
these futurisic dreams may come true

as CB technology moves into the realm
of computer electronics.
As CE has taken the public fancy.
FCC license holders have increased
from fewer than a million in January
1974 to a reported 12 million in 1977. II
has been estimated that more than
20,000,000 rigs are now in active use it
the U.S.
CB Radio nas not only caused shifts
in sociological habits of the American
public, but it has also created new problems. There are noticeable increases in
r -f radiation levels in all parts of the
country as the public use of radiotelephone has increased, which includes
more users in the business, marine, and
the amateur services.
No one has yet suggested a health
hazard, to the best of our knowledge
but the r -f background leve s are very
evident to TV viewers and audiophiles.
how, you can buy the CB RADIO REPAIR

COURSE for cash, on a monthly payment plan,
cr charge the cost to your BankAmericard or
Master Charge account
To make it easy to study, this 70- lesson
course employs the PROGRAMMED teaching
technique and sticks to the target -CB radio
Study at your own pace as you receive the
self -examining lessons. We cant guarantee
that you will become a CB expert since that
cepends on you
To get the facts about this course.
write a letter or card or mail the coupon below
tpday No salesman will call.
CB RADIO REPAIR
COURSE, INC.
Dept. PE -087
531 N Ann Arbor
Oklahoma City. OK 73127
Please send information about your Course to:
Name
Address
City
90
CIRCLE
State
NO
II
ON
FREE
fly- Gain's Model 2716 40- channel

Remote CB Mobile Transceiver.
Zip
INFORMATION
CARD
TVI (television interference) and audio

rectification have become commonplace, and the FCC is under tremendous
pressure from the public and from Congress to resolve the problem.
At the same time, with better than one
in ten Americans using CB, the FCC is
also being pressured to make more of
the radio spectrum available for personal use. It was this pressure from both
camps that precipitated the sudden 40channel rule -making in July, 1976. In
one quick decision, the FCC increased
the number of channels from 23 to 40
and clamped down drastically on harmonic emissions and chassis radiation
standards for new transeivers, all effective January 1, 1977.
The 40- channel rule- making was very
nearly disastrous for CB manufacturers,
all of which had built up huge inventories
in anticipation of a banner sales year.
Stock was introduced to the market at
prices at or Delow cost in an attempt to
reduce invertories. But at these bargain
prices, the public just kept buying 23channel transceivers, even though new
40- channel models were introduced.
Profit margins had disappeared at the
same time manufacturers were required
to invest heavily in new research to meet
the 1977 technical standards for type
acceptance. Even so, several large appliance and electronic component manufacturers became newly committed to
the CB market.
Now, a year later, the upheaval has
not subsided entirely. In early spring
there were still about a million new 23channel rigs on dealers' shelves. Again,
manufacturers were forced to reduce
prices, this time on 40- channel units to
make them more competitive; only top of- the -line equipment was able to resist
this price erDsion. Of course, surviving
manufacturers began looking for ways
to make the r expensive rigs look more
attractive to the CB public. Their new
ideas are beginning to appear in the
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
Fill your needs
Mallory PTC semiconductors are of the

highest quality. They fill a wide range of consumer and industrial applications. A convenient cross -referencing catalog permits fast
selection.
Mallory crimp -type solderless terminals
meet virtually all popular applications.
For all the facts and pricing, see your
Mallory distributor. Or write Mallory Distributor Products Company, a division of P. R.
Mallory & Co. Inc., Box 1284, Indianapolis,
Indiana 46206. (317) 856 -3731.
from these 3 winning

lines from Mallory.
Each of these Mallory lines of components
is bubble -packed, easily identified. Almost all
feature basic specs and /or instructions on the

back of the cards.
Mallory EPC components consist of the
most popular products for technicians, hobbyists and audio enthusiasts.
Men
semi-
iaccessory
R^
r''
'on,
,.,:.
to`~''
4,011,
Mallory
crimp type
solderless terminals.
urs
AUGUST 1977
Controls
Popular components
In Mallory
Electronic Parts Center (EPC).
PTC
Mallory
semiconductors.
MALLORY
emiconductors
Fastening Devices
CIRCLE
NO
66
ON
FREE
INFORMATION
CARD
Solderless Terminals
Switches
1978 models, which were on display at a

trade show early this year.
On the whole, the CB boom has
brought about significant improvement
in design and production of high quality,
low cost CB rigs, and should improve
the status of all radiotelephone equipment. Type- accepted transceivers on
the market in 1977 are greatly improved
over the units sold only a couple of years
ago. Major improvements have been
made in less interference- and distortion- causing operation and improved reliability, as well as 17 additional channels. Speech -processing circuits have
been redesigned to meet stricter modulation requirements, and adjacent channel interference reduced. To be more
competitve, nearly all rigs operate close
to maximum permissible power, with
high modulation.
With the advent of the expansion to 40
channels, digital logic has become commonplace. PLL frequency synthesis is
the most economic route to go to
achieve 17 mere channels, of course.
And this design permits channels to be
displayed digitally.
A Shift Of Emphasis. As mentioned
earlier, many CB manufacturers (including surprising new entries to the industry, such as Texas Instruments) are
planning to extend their use of digital
logic into functions that had never occurred to most of us only a couple of
years ago. Some, including Hy -Gain,
and TI, are planning to introduce CB rigs
in 1978 which incorporate microprocessor logic into the control units of their
top-of- the-line sets. Hy-Gain has demonstrated a controller much like a telephone handset, which incorporates
push -button control and digital display of
The one you've been waiting for. That lets you take your own mobile CB anywhere: Fishing,
hunting, camping. Boating, biking, snowmobiling. On sports cars, motorcycles. golf carts. On the
job, farm, ranch. A portable of 101 uses'
NEW! THE BATTERY PAC: THAT

MAKES YOUR CB A POR ABLE
...
All the power of a mobile

with the convenience
of a walkie- talkie, that's the new KENDON
Power -Mate a quality battery pack that
enables you to take your 23 or 40 channel
CB into the field as a mobile/portable.
$5.00
SAVE
Paterte:d
Order now during

our Introductory
Offer.
LOOK AT THESE FINE FEATURES

Built-in coax fine tuned antenna extends your range. Telescopes to 4'
length. Stores in its own protected base.
Full 13.5 volt power supply outper-
Texas Instruments' hand -held unit

includes digital SWR readout.
channel number, signal strength and an
LED digital clock, as well as a separate
mike and earphone. Texas Instrument's
offering will ae similar to Hy- Gain's, but
will include SWR readout on its digital
display. Fea-ures such as channel recall
memory and instantaneous channel 9
switching will be included on some
transceivers
forms hand held units. Delivers

maximum wattage output for long
range communications.
Compact carrying case has universal
mount, adapter hardware to take most
standard size 12 -volt CBs, 23 or 40
channel. Easy hookup.
Constructed of tough high density styrene, case is shatterproof,
shock resistant. Weighs only 10 oz.
w /out
batteries. Measures
Proposals For The Future. Robert
10.1x7x4 in.
Has battery test meter and switch.
Handy side mount for mike. Comfortable carrying strap.
Uses 9 standard C -size or rechargeable
nicad batteries (not included).
Save now! Soon to be
95
7
nationally retailed for

$39.95.
Complete this form or call toll -free

800 -621 -8318* and order direct by
charge cards shown belov . Z79s7r:ongts
call
r
Kendon Manufacturing Co.
Division of Univex International
3636 S. Jason St.
P.O. Box 1977
Englewood, Colo. 80150
Or please charge my order to:

BankAenericard
Master Charg
understand that if am not fully ,atisfied

may return these items in their original
condition -within 15 days for a ful. refund.
I
Acct. No.
NAME
Please ship:
Exp. Date
CB Power-Mate
(quantity)
power pack unit at $34.95 each (plus
$3.00 shipping).
Enclosed is my check or money order for
'If using Master Charge, also indicate the

four numbers above your name here
ADDRESS
CITY
STATE
Signature
Please
Zp
elk.
4 weeks for delivery.
Beeman of Berkley, Illinois, has formally

presented the FCC with a plan to expand personal radio service into a 2MHz band tetween 48 to 50 MHz, just
below the six meter amateur band. His
proposal, labeled RM -2849 by the FCC,
recommends the assignment of 99 narrow -band FM channels for personal use.
The proposal analytically examines
the usable radio spectrum and concludes that any new allocations must be
above 40 MHz in order to eliminate
ionospheric propagation (skip), and below 300 MHz because he judges that
technical sophistication, high cost and
high propagation losses make uhf unsuitable for a personal use radio service.
Mr. Beeman's proposal places major
emphasis on problems associated with
NI (television interference), and recommends that any CB frequency allocation
should be removed from the closest TV
channel by at least four MHz, and that -f
i
CIRCLE
92
NO
67
ON
FREE
INFORMATION
CARD
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
beat characteristics be carefully analyzed. He eliminates the 220 MHz band

(proposed by the EIA in 1968 for Class
"E" CB) because it has just such an -f
beat relationship to TV channel 7.
Although Mr. Beeman concludes that
the only suitable allocation would be
from 48 to 50 MHz, he is quick to add
that even this band has drawbacks (but
no major ones which cannot be overcome by modern technology):
The band is too close to TV channel 2,
and also to the TV -f frequency band between 41 to 47 MHz.
Ionospheric "skip" still exists at 48
MHz, but it is infrequent and of short duration.
The advantages he lists for the recommended band are:
It is presently little used, as compared
with the other options available below
400 MHz. These frequencies are now
assigned primarily to industry and miscellaneous governmental agencies.
Six -meter antennas would be convenient for mobile use, yet antenna systems
and propagation would be far more efficient than frequencies above 200 MHz.
There is room in this band for 99 narrow -band FM channels, separated by 16
kHz spacing (transmitter frequency toli
erances would be limited to 1 kHz, or

.002%).
The 99 channels would be allocated
as follows:
70 channels for 5 watt simplex voice
transmission
18 channels (9 pairs) for duplex wireless telephone
5 R/C channels using digital coding
5 low power walkie- talkie channels
1 channel reserved for digitally- encoded automatic selective calling.
The automatic digital calling channel
would be used by transceivers equipped
for selective calling. A calling unit might
select any unused channel and dial in
the identification of the unit he wishes to
contact. At the push of a button, a digimessage
tone -burst
tally- encoded
would be transmitted on the reserved
channel (channel zero). When received
by the addressed unit, the transceiver
would be automatically switched to the
channel specified in the message format, the selective squelch disabled, the
calling unit identified by a digital display
and the receiving operator alerted to receive the incoming call. Such equipment
could be programmed to respond automatically to calls on the designated
emergency channel.
Mr. Beeman's suggestion for a channel reserved for digital selective calling
shows excellent foresight that's well

within present day digital logic capability. It would provide high -grade, private
personal communications, especially if
repeaters, privacy scramblers and auto
patches were one day permitted as they
are on the Class A band.
Another ATIS Proposal.
There has
been another automatic transmitter
identification signal (ATIS) proposal
submitted to the FCC by the chairman of
the PURAC User Rules Task Group, Stu
Lippoff, in a report of Minutes of a January 29th meeting. It is a detailed plan for
mandatory ATIS applied to the present
CBRS band. Although it appears to be a
minority report of his own concepts rather than a consensus report by Task
Group members, it does reflect some of
the concern felt about CBers who refuse
to identify themselves routinely by use of
a call sign.
This columnist would welcome the inclusion of ATIS devices as a required
part of any newly authorized band in the
Personal Use Radio Service, but would
resist any attempt to retrofit current CB
equipment with ATIS devices.
wire wrapping center
COMPLETE WITH BIT

AND SLEEVE
DIP IC INSERTION
TOOL WITH PIN
STRAIGHTENER
WIRE DISPENSER
MODEL
WD -30 -B
I.
MODEL
INS -1416
*MINIMUM ORDER $25.00. SHIPPING CHARGE $1.00. N.Y. CITY AND STATE RESIDENTS ADD TAX
OK MACHINE AND TOOL CORPORATION

3455 CONNER STREET, BRONX. NEW YORK, N.Y. 10475 U.S.A.
PHONE (212) 990 -6600 TELEX NO.125091
AUGUST 1977
CIRCLE
NO
40
ON
FREE
INFORMATION
CARD
93
ELECTRONICS MARKET PLACE

REGULAR CLASSIFIED: COMMERCIAL RATE: For firms or individuals offering commercial products or services. S2.25 per word. Minimum
order $33.75.
EXPAND-AD CLASSIFIED RATE:$3.35 per word. Minimum order $50.25. Frequency discount; 5% `for 6 months; 10% for 12 months paid in advance.
READER
RATE: For individuals with a personal item to buy or sell, $1.35 per word. No minimum! DISPLAY CLASSIFIED: 1" by column (2 -1/4" wide), $260.00.
2" by
column, $520.00. 3" by column, $780.00. Advertiser to suppl' film positives. For frequency rates, please inquire.
GENERAL INFORMATION: Payment must accompany copy except when ads are placed by accredited advertising agencies. First word in all ads set in caps.
All copy subject to publisher's approval. All ad0'ertisers using -Post Office Boxes in their addresses MUST supply publisher with permanent
address and
telephone number before ad can be run. Advertisements will not be published which advertise or promote the use of devices for the surreptitious interception
of communications. Ads are not acknowledged. They will appear in first issue to go tc press after closing date. Closing Date: 1st of the 2nd month preceding
cover date (for example. March issue closes January 1st. Send order and remittance to POPULAR ELECTRONICS, One Park Avenue, New York, New York
10016, Attention: Hal Cymes.
1
POLICE /Fire scanners, large stock scanner crys-
FOR SALE
tals, antennas. Also CBs. Harvey Park

Box 19224, Denver, CO 80219.
Bargain Catalog- I.C.'s, LED's, readouts, fiber

optics, calculators parts & kits, semiconductors, parts.
Poly Paks, Box 942PE, Lynnfield, Mass. 01940.
GOVERNMENT and industrial surplus receivers,
transmitters, snooperscopes, electronic parts, Picture
Catalog 25 cents. Meshna, Nahant, Mass. 01908.
LOWEST Prices Electronic Parts. Confidential Catalog
Free. KNAPP, 3174 8th Ave. S.W., Largo, Fla. 33540.
ELECTRONIC PARTS, semiconductors, kits. FREE FLYER.
Large catalog $1.00 deposit. BIGELOW ELECTRONICS,
FREE!
TELETYPE EQUIPMENT for sale for beginners and experienced computer enthusiast. Teletype machines, parts
supplies. Catalogue $1.00 to: ATLANTIC SALES, 3730
Nautilus Ave., Brooklyn, NY 11224. Tel: (212) 372-0349.
ELECTRONIC ignition: Capacitor-Discharge, pointless.
Auburn Sparkplugs. Wheel Stabilizers. Information 20
cents. Anderson Engineering, Epsom, N.H. 03234.
WHOLESALE C.B., Scanners, Antennas, Catalog 25 cents.
Crystals: Saecial cut, $4.95, Monitor $3.95. Send make,
model, frequency. G. Enterprises, Box 461P, Clearfield, UT
Bluffton, Ohio 45817.

RADIO -T.V. Tubes -36 cents each. Send for free catalog.
Cornell, 4213 University, San Diego, Calif. 92105.
AMATEUR SCIENTISTS, Electronics Experimenters,
Science Fair Students...Construction plans-Complete,
including drawings, schematics, parts list with prices and
sources...Robot Man
Psychedelic shows
Lasers
Emotion /Lie Detector
Touch Tone Dial
Quadraphonic
Adapter
Transistorized Ignition
Burglar Alarm
Sound Meter...over 60 items. Send 50 cents coin (no
stamps) for complete catalog. Technical Writers Group,
Box 5994, University Station, Raleigh, N.C. 27607.
--
84015.
COMPUTER HOBBYISTS -classified
advertising
newsletter. ;3.75 /year. Free Sample. ON_LINE,

24695 Santa Cruz Hwy., Los Gatos, CA 95030.
list. Hanchett, Box 5577, Riverside, CA 92507.

MECHANICAL, ELECTRONIC devices catalog 10 cents.
Greatest Values
Lowest Prices. Fertik's, 5249 "D",
Wurlkzer reproductions
Associates, POBF, Newton, N.H. 03858.
DEVTRONIX ORGAN PRODUCTS, Dept. C

i 5872 Amapola Dr. e San Jose, CA 95129
TV
TENNISe...a...
)
:
o
P
O
le
"AS IS"
KITS
el
service
been selling these last few months, except that these have cracked PC boards,
bent frames, etc. The parts alone are
worth 5 times as much as our low prices.
All units are sold "As IS", all sales are
USE
final. 13" & 15" include tuners.

Sh. Wt. 12 Lbs. each.
13" Chassis ...7D270059...
15" Chassis . . .7DZ70060. . .
17" Chassis ...7D270061
19" Chassis ...7DZ70062...
...
(>
.
C.B. POWER SUPPLY KIT

A complete kit which puts out 10 to 24
VDC at 2 amps regulated. 115 VAC in.
Can be wired for constant 13.BVDC, ideal & compact for C.B. Kit includes PC
board all components and instructions
just add your case Super bench supply!
Sh. Wt. 6 Lbs
6C60498
. $14.88
2.
5 A. 10 to 24 VDC Reg. P.S. KIT
A simple, adjustable regulated power
supply.
Kit includes all components
vector board and complete schematics.
All you add is the case. Powerful!
pi, Wt. 15 Lbs . . 6MI60301.. $14.88
3.
0 to 30 V AC /DC P.S. KIT
This high amp adjustable supply is an
easy kit to build It includes a 0 to 40
volt autotransformer (VariacR), 24V 5A
xformer and all other components. Usefill as a battery charger bench supply or
o any use requiring high current. Qty. Ltd.
z Sh. Wt.
9 Lbs
Please
W
el
POSTAGE: Please add postage.
faster
TS -951 & TS-953
FANTASTIC
SPEAKER
CABINETS
i1.
We have found some 2,000 damaged TV

chassis, of the same types that we have
64 - 8x5 character, 2560-bit. With data.

Sh. Wt. 8 oz ...71C70231 . . $6.00 ea.
COLOR TV CHASSIS
STATIC CHARACTER
GENERATOR MM 5240
POWER
p SUPPLY
rn
m
110.00ea..$38.88foro
7Z7016
For
or 2 players - 1 to 10
speed - dual
These are gone ranPaddle size - sound. These
able games returned to mfr for one reason
another. He is too busy to repair
and needs
needs mfg room. His loss, your gain.
Complete with schematic. Contains 20 74LS series chips power supply & other
stuff. Designed by MIT.
4 Lbs.
New 2 of 8 encoder chip ME8900, Wmfilar to the MC144101. Sold with data
sheet on uses of MC14410 chip. No crystals required.
Sh. Wt. 8 oz.
7V L70160 . . $6.95 sa.. $60.00 for 10
Ig
TOUCH -TONE
GENERATOR
CHIP
Send for our free f jct pocked 44-page catalog

manual and learn how to assemble your own multi element stereo speakers from scratch or from kits.
Our catalog includes chapters on design. Construc-
"'
ZIP
$22.50
$22.50
$14.88
$14.88
CODE
'
Fantastic air suspension enclosures, defor direct dispersion of the hi -froquency driver and wide dispersion of the
woofer. By adding the proper speakers
you can obtain a freq. reap. of 30 to
20,000 Hz. Size: 17" x 103i x 9% deep.

Requires an 8" woofer and a 4" tweeter.
Sold with grill cloth and instructions to
build your own speaker system.
Sh. Wt. 25 Lbs... Order No. 70B70200
$25.00/pair .. or . . $80.00 for 4 pairs
Phone Orders Welcome! !6171 S31 -5774
Just Say "Charge It"
,
B&F ENTERPRISES
119 FOSi ER STREET
PEABODY, MASS. 01960
midronges. woofers
tweeters and hums Whte us today
SPEAKERLAB
Dept. PE -A, 5500 35th N E.

Seattle. Washington 98105
BUILD AND SAVE. TELEPHONES, TELEVISION, DETECTIVE, BROADCAST Electronics. We sell construction
plans with an Engineering Service. Speakerphones,.Answering Machines, Carphones, Phonevision, Dialers, Color
TV Converters, VTR, Games, $25 TV Camera, Electron
Microscope, Special Effects Generator, Time Base Corrector, Chroma Key. Engineering Courses in Telephone, Integrated Circuits, Detective Electronics. PLUS MUCH
MORE. NEW Super Hobby Catalog PLUS year's subscription to Electronic News Letter, $1.00. Don Britton Enterprises, 6200 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, Calif. 90048.
NAME BRAND Digital /Analog Test Equipment. Discount
prices. Free catalog. Salen Electronics, Box 82, Skokie, Illinois 60076.
SURPLUS COMPONENTS, Communication and test equipment. Illustrated catalog 25 cents. E. French, P.O. Box 249,
Aurora, Illinois 60505.
TELEPHONES UNLIMITED, Equipment, Supplies,

All types, Regular, Keyed, Modular. Catalog 50
FREE CATALOG. Solar Cells, Nicads, Kits, Calculators,
Digital Watch Modules, Ultrasonics, Strobes, LEDS, Trans-
on
i
.
t
)
617.531 -5774
Welcome
tion. '-over,. enclo,
cents. Box 1147E, San Diego, California 92112.
signed
CB RADIOS, monitors, crystals, CD ignitions. Southland,

Box 3591 -B, Bayown, Texas 77520.
BUILD YOUR OWN SPEAKERS

AND SAVE UP TO 50%
_
o
GAME
A universal control unit operates your

TV at your command from up to 35 feet
away. Fits all sets with standard VHF
turret tuners, changes channels as well as
turning TV on or off. New, with instructions.
Qty. Ltd.
Sh. Wt. 15 Lbs:
7M170225 ..$39.95 ea
$15000 for 4
SURPLUS
Demo Record & Brochure $1.00
UNSCRAMBLERS: Fits any scanner or monitor, easily adjusts to all scrambled frequencies. Only 4" square $29.95,
fully guaranteed. Dealer inquiries welcomed. PDO
Electronics, Box 841, North Little Rock, Arkansas 72115.
RECONDITIONED Test Equipment. $0.50 for catalog.
Walter's Test Equipment, 2697 Nickel, San Pablo, CA
THE ULTIMATE IN DESIGN

AND SOUND
nLFRLFiCiiYiipiGGir:YLCYLF
HEAR POLICE /FIRE Dispatchers! Catalog shows

exclusive directories of "confidential" channels, scanners.
Send postage stamp. Communications, Box 56-PE,
Commack, N.Y. 11725.
'SMART' TERMINALS, components,

serious music synthesizer kits, plans, parts, and
more. Send SASE for FREE INFO Package. CFR
pTM
Philadelphia, Pa. 19120.
.-
Bankruptcy, Inventory, Deals. Catalog $1 (redeemable).

ETCOA Electrorics, Box 741, Montreal, H3C 2V2. U.S.
Inquiries.
948!)6.
ORGAN KITS
KEYBOARDS
METERS-Surplus, new, used, panel or portable. Send for
TV REMOTE
CONTROL
UNIT
SOUND SYNTHESIZER KITS -Surf $12.95, Wind $12.95,

Wind Chimes $17.95, Electronic Songbird $6.95, Musical
Accessories, many more. Catalog free. PAIA Electronics,
Box J14359, Oklahoma City, OK 73114.
BUGGED ? ?? New locator finds them fast. Write, Clifton,
11500 -L N.W. 7th Avenue, Miami, Florida 33168.
YOU WILL SAVE BIG MONEY! Surplus, Clearouts,
all
mail
istors, IC's, Unique Components. Chaney's, Box 27038,

Denver, Colorado 80227.
POWERFUL, ADJUSTABLE, REGULATED, THREE OUTPUT POWER SUPPLY and 900 easily removable. parts in
complete CARTRIVISION television recorder electronic
assembly
with
documentation.
Perfect
for
MICROPROCESSOR, IC, transistor, television, CB radio

applications. $21.45. Free brochure. MADISON ELECTRONICS, INCORPORATED, 369, D55, Madison, Alabama
35758. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED.
CARBON FILM RESISTORS 1/4W, 12W - 1.7 cents each.
FREE sample / specifications. Other components. COMPONENTS CENTER, Box 134P, New York; N.Y. 10038.
B&FB&FB&FB&FB&FB&FB&FB&FB&FB&FB&FB&FB&FB&FB&F
94
CIRCLE
NO.
ON
FREE
INFORMATION
CARD
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
Radio Hut
Memorex computer boards

with IC's, diodes, transistor,
etc. 5 Boards containing
200 IC's
100
ONLY $ 4.25
Texas
NO COD'S.
Money back guarantee.
residents add 5% sales tax. Add 5% of order
for postage and handling. Orders under $15.00
Foreign orders add 10% for
add 75 cents.
postage.
For your convenience, call your BankAmericard

or Master Charge orders in on our Toll Free Watts
Line: 1- 800 -527 -2304. Texas residents call collect: -214- 271 -8423.
MK 5005
4
P. O. Box 64783P
Dallas, Texas 75206
master charge
segment
output only. 24 pin
/J/J/7'
BANKAMERIICARD
12 digit display .4" Character Power supply for display

above Complete specs for
Kit Includes:
hookup.
Line cord Not Included.
it ri
i
i/
i/
r1
ONLY $ 3.95
=i.
Telephone Relay automatically starts and

stops tape recorder. No batteries required.
Kit complete with drilled P.C. Board.
CLOCK KIT
LT701 clock module
Power Supply
Punched Case
12 or 24
ONLY $ 14.95
14 pin
16 pin
18 pin
24 pin (ww only)
28 pin
40 pin
74L50o
74 LS 02
74LS03
74L504
74LSO5
74L508
74L509
74LS10
74L511
74LS13
74L514
74L515
741_520
74L521
74LS22
74 L526
74LS27
74 L 530
74L532
74L537
74LS38
74L540
74L542
74LS51
74 L554
74LS55
74LS73
74L574
74L576
74L586
74LS90
74L592
74L593
74LS109
74 L5112
74LS113
74L5114
74L5125
74L5126
74LS132
74L5133
74L5136
74LS138
74L5139
LS
.26
.26
.26
.30
.32
.26
.26
.26
.35
.58
1.05
.26
.24
.35
.35
.35
.35
.34
.35
.33
.38
.34
.80
.26
.26
.26
.75
.49
.49
.45
.85
1.00
1.00
.49
.49
.40
.40
.55
.65
1.00
.35
.39
.85
.85
AUGUST 1977
leads. 25/51.00
***
TTL
SOCKETS
.22
.25
.25
.95
.35
.50
74L5145 1.00
.70
74LS151
74LS153 .70
74LS155 .69
74LS156 .76
74LS157 .95
74LS158 .85
74L5160 .85
74LS161 .85
74LS162 .85
74LS163 .85
74LS168 .85
74L5169 .85
74L5170 2.00
74LS173 1.10
74LS174 1.00
74L5175 1.00
74L5190 .95
74L5191 .95
74L5192 .95
74L5193 .95
74L5194 .95
74LS195 .95
74L5196 .85
74L5197 .85
74L5251 .85
74L5253 .85
74LS257 .85
74L5258 .85
74LS260 .26
74LS266 .26
74L5279 .55
74L5290 .75
74LS293 .75
74 L5295
.95
74L5298 .95
74LS365 .55
74L5366 .55
74LS367 .55
74LS368 .55
74L5390 1.75
74L5393 1.45
74L5670 3.25
CMOS
SALE
CD4000
C 04001
CD4002
CD4007
CD4009
CD4010
74504
7404
7406
7408
7409
7410
7411
7413
7420
7421
7423
7425
7426
7427
7430
7432
7437
7438
7440
7442
7443
7444
7446
74L47
7447
7448
7450
7451
7453
7454
7470
7472
c0401 1
CD4012
CD4013
C04014
C04015
CD4016
CD4017
CD4O18
CD4019
CD4020
CD4021
CD4022
CD4024
C04025
CD4027
C D4028
CD4029
CD4030
CD4034
CD4035
CD4040
CD4041
CD4042
C 04043
.16
.16
.16
.16
.45
.45
.16
.16
.29
75
.75
.29
.80
.80
.39
.85
.90
.70
.19
.39
.75
.99
.16
2.30
.99
1.00
.69
.59
.60
.59
.90
CD4044
C D4046
.59
C D4047
CD4049
.35
.35
CD4050
CD4051
.90
CD4053
.90
CD4056 1.00
CD4058
.90
C D406 0
1.00
CD4066
.69
.30
CD4069
.16
CD4071
C04076
.99
74C04
.29
74C107
.29
CD4116
.39
.40
C D4507
Cb4512
.50
Cp4516
.85
C04518
85
85
CD4520
REGULATORS
7818
7824
7905
7912
7915
Your Choice $ .95
741104
7473
74H74
7474
7475
7476
7480
7483
7485
7485
7490
7491
7492
7493
7494
7495
7496
74100
74121
74123
74125
74141
74145
74151
74153
74154
74161
74163
74164
74174
74175
74180
74181
74191
74193
745195
74195
.21
.45
.35
.55
.35
.45
.76
.89
.35
.71
.71
.71
.67
.90
.71
.85
.96
.31
.61
.44
.71
.97
.71
.81
.97
.91
1.05
1.05
.91
1.40
.76
2.25
1.20
1.20
.95
1.05
.65
ORD
46
ON
INFORMATION
7/8 W only
'
" 1/2
All res,slrrrs a,,:
P. C
only
L,,,d hu,
not pull of Is.

100 min. order Inr each value
NO
100/.99
MIX
.59
D70 .4 "C.C.
1.69
D800 .8 "C.C.
TI 6 digit array C.C.
.89
Ni -Cad Batteries
4 Brand New Size "AA"
ONLY $4.50
Ni -Cads
1.30
6/1.00
2N2222
6/1.00
2N2369
4 /1.00
2N2905
15 /1.00
'2N2907
6/1.00
2N3906
6/1.00
2N4400
3/1.00
2N4443 SCR
15/1.00
1N4004
10/1.00
1N4007
1N4148 (1N914) 20/1.00
3N201 VHF Pre amp .80
D40C1 Power Darl 8/1.00
.20
EN930
.25
IN746
-
*House numbered
and P.C. Lead
LIN EARS
LM301
30
LM30/
30
LM309K
M3n
95
85
M377
185
LM38018 piol
LM3900
75
1.
30
25
25
40
25
25
95
.40
95
95
95
1
dol
PCB
d,',,
PCB for
'..'
250
NLJ800 ,,, 607
FND800
Or
807
DL707
4 direr PCB for
6
4
350
50
200
1
digit PCB for DL707

4 digit PCB fo, FND503 or 510
6 droll PCB for FND503 ol 510
4 dry. PCB for DL747
6
2.00
3.00
2.50
digit PCB for DL747

Lon PCB for 0L727 or 728
3.00
for 0L727 or 728
3.00
FND359 or 70
1.75
6 Huh, PCB
4 digit PCB for
NOTE: All
PC Boards are
2.00
multiplexed
for adding additional digits.
60 Hz
L(.)()K
Crystal Time Base Kit _
=
Kit
enables a MOS clock circuit to operate from a DC power source. Ideal

for car, camper, van, boat, etc.
60Hz output with an accuracy of

.005% (typ.) Low power consumption 2.5 ma (typ.). Small size will
fit most any enclosure. Single MOS
IC oscillator /divider chip 5 -15 volts
DC operation.
ONLY $ 5.95
2 for $10.00
IO
49
75
.30
.30
BOARDS
PC
3/1.00
MJ3001
CARD
220K ohm
20K ohm
LT767 .7" C.C. 4 digit

ctick
S 3.95
AA*****MrA**Ak**in
FREE
150K ohrn
3/1.00
MAN 8 .3 "CA Yellow
'MJE1103
M710
LM71
LM 123
LM741
LM748
NE553
N E 555
NE556
NE565
NE566
NE561
1458
RCA3043
75491
75492
82K ohm
100K ohm
ohm
FN
TRANSISTORS
DIODES
1- 800 -527 -2 304

NO.
47K ohm
F N
BY PHONE. Charge your

order to BankAmeri card or
Master Charge
USE OUR TOLL FRE E WATTS
CIRCLE
2 2K ohrn
3.3K rrhm
READOUTS
7805
7806
7808
7812
7815
Standard 9V battery clip with
.17
.17
.17
.17
.25
.30
.17
.25
.17
.17
.17
.25
.45
.17
.17
.35
.27
.25
.17
.25
.30
.35
.35
.17
.60
.60
.65
.85
1.75
.81
.81
.20
.17
.17
.17
.35
.21
39K ohm
43K oho,
6 8K ohm
10K ohm
Only $19.95
.99
.75
1.10
1.50
1.25
1.50
1.50
33K ohm
4 7K
31/2" x 31/2" x 11/2"
BATTERY CLIPS
7400
7401
7402
7403
oh,,,
ohrn
1.2K ohm
1
*
*
4-1/2" tinned
* **
"680
to install
ONLY $10.95
VARIABLE POWER SUPPLY KIT NO. 2
amp output, also with case.
Same as above but with
ONLY $13.95
hour operation
Complete
except for line cord
LT701 E
12 hour clock
1.10
1.25
1.39
*One hour assembly

*Kit includes all components
*Case Included
ONLY $10.95
Kit includes
Easy
VARIABLE POWER SUPPLY KIT NO.

*Continously variable from 5V to 20V
*Excellent regulation up to 500 mil.
*4400 Mfd of filtering
*Drilled fiberglass PC Board
WATERGATE SPECIAL
Over 50,000,000
in stock
'330 h,,,
22K r,hni
470 oho,
27K ohm
Full instructions included
2.19
10.00
82S23
2513
2102 -1
1101A
1103A
8T13
8T97
MM5233
300KC xtal
50V
50V
50V
Tunes easily
SPECIAL
DEVICES
tl1!`ll Illll
Parts and Case
dip with specs.

$ 8.00 EACH
PLASMA DISPLAY KIT
Amp
Amp
25 Amp
6
10
UNSCRAMBLER KIT
for all Scanners
digit counter /latch
decoder;
RESISTORS
BRIDGE
RECTIFIERS
RADIO HUT GUARANTEE

If you
are not satisfied with any of

our products NO MATTER WHAT
THE REASON we offer you a full
money back guarantee if the product or products are returned within
14 days after you receive them.
95
SD
SALES CO.
P.O. BOX 28810 -
From the same people who brought you the 589.95 LK RAM Kit. We were not the
an Imsai /Altair compatible Z -80 card, but we do feel that ours has
the best design and quality at the lowest price!
The advanced features of the Z 80 such as an expanded set of 158 instructions, 8080A
software compatibility, and operation from a single 5VDC supply, are all well known.
makes our card different is the extra care we took in the hardware design. The
What
CPU card will always stop on an M1 state. We also generate TRUE SYNC on card,
to insure that the rest of your system functions properly. Dynamic memory refresh
and NMI are brought out for your use. Believe it or rot, not all of our competitors
have gone to the extra trouble of doing this.
As always this kit includes all parts, all sockets, and complete instructions for ease of
assembly. Because of our past experience with ou- 4K kit we suggest that you order
early. All orders will be shipped on a strict first come basis. Dealers inquiries welcome
on this item. Kit inc udes Zilog Manual and all parts. Kit shipped with 2 MHZ crystals.
Z -80 MANUAL
$7.50 SEPARATELY
first tointroduce
Z - 8 0 CPU KIT
For I r i s a i A I t a i r
$149 kit
Z -80 Chip & Manual $49.95
THE WHOLE
WORKS
95
$89
Imsai and Altair 8080 plug in compatible. Uses low power static 21L02 -1 500 ns. RAM'S. Fully buffered, Brastically reduced power consumption, on board regulated, all sockets and parts included. Premium quality plated
through PC Board.
For 250 ns RAM's add 510.00
NEWEST KIT FROM S.D. SALES!
HOME KIT
MUSICAL HORN
$19.95
to Nuit
Musical Horn Kit for Car, Boat or Home

Plays any
r
d Zeplln
CAR /BOAT KIT
Standard Tunes Available:

DIXIE EYES OF TEXAS ON WISCONSIN
YANKEE DOODLE D NDY NNOTRE DAME
FIGHT SONG
PINK PANTHER
AGGIE WAR
SONG
ANCHORS AWAY
NEVER ON SUNDAY
BRIDGE OVER RIVER OUI
CANDY MAN
Change tunenin seconds
Complete Solid State electronics

Standard or custom tunes available at $6.95 each
(you supply us with the sheet music
we supply
electronics for olr favorite tunes.)
One song supplied with original order
$34.95
tay!
l'kiti}t
4K LOW POWER RAM BOARD KIT

I
ett,ted
DALLAS, TEXAS 75228
Home Kit includes speaker which

operates from your door bell. When door bell
is pushed your favorite tune is played. Car/Boat Kit DOES NOT include speaker.
Uses standard 8ohm PM speaker. Allow 4 weeks delivery on both kits.
SIX DIGIT ALARM CLOCK KIT

a fantastic kit even better. Redesigned to take advantage of the latest advances in I.C. clock technology.
Features: Litronix Dual %" displays. Mostek 50250 super clock chip, single I.C. segment driver, SCR digit drivers.
Greatly simplified construction. More reliable and easier to build. Kit includes all necessary parts (except case).
For P.C.Board add $3.00; AC XFMR add S1.50. Do not confuse with Non -Alarm kits sold by our competition!
Eliminate the hassle avoid the 5314!
NEW! WITH JUMBO LED READOUTS!
We made
POWER
1000 MFD
SLIDE SWITCH
Assortment
Our best seller. Includes
Filter Caps
35 WVDC Upfight style
with PC
leads. Most popular value for hobbyists.
Rated
mature and standard

sues, single and multiposition units. All new.
yew 5%
leads. A
750$
7404
28 PIN IC
Sockets
3/S1.00
3.579545
MHZ Time
Base Crystal
$1.25
39 MFD
16V Mallory
Electrolytic
15/$1.00
DISC CAP
good
ASSORTMENT
P.C.
Leads. At least
10
different values.
Includes .001, .01, .05
plus
other
standard
values.
40/$1.
500/$3. 60/$1.00
IC's from XEROX
7431)
--
9c
9c
7437 -lOc
7440
9c
7438 -10c
7451
9c
7474 -16c
7475 -24c
7486 -16c
7493 -26c
74121 -22c
74123 -32c
74151
9c
74155 -22c
74193 -35c
8233 35c
Intel
1302
--
1402 A Shift Regulator

MFIU025CN
55c
SOc
IC's REMOVED FROM

PC
BOARDS
ALL TESTED;
FULL SPEC.
-45c
$12.95
Sales &c4u ve!

MOS 6 DIGIT UP /DOWN COUNTER
40 PIN DIP. Everything you ever wanted in a counter chip. Features: Direct LED cement
drive, single power supply (12 VDC TYPE.), six decades up /down, pre-loadable counter,
separate pre-loadable compare register with compare our-put. BCD and seven segment outputs, internal scan oscillator, CMOS compatible, leading zero blanking. 1MHZ. count input
frequency.
JERY LIMITED QUANTITY!
TERMS:
in your BANKAMERICARD
Call
or MASTER CHARGE order in on
our Continental United States Toll
Free Watts Line:
MONEY BACK
GUARANTEE!
No COD's. Texas Residents add 5% Sales Tax.
Add 5% of order for postage & handling. Orders
under $10. add 75c. For
eign orders: U.S. Funds
Cheap DC Supply
$2. ea.
Actually an
for
for
9VDC
no
@200ma.
AC ado P
calculators.
load. 6VDC
4VDC
ODALLAS,
1-800-527-3460
Texas Residents Call Collect:
214/271-0022
Orders over $15. - Choose

96
received
mixed lot of National

TO-92 platc transistors. PNP & NPN, even
a fern
FET's. 40 -50%
yield. Un-ested Asst.
$12.95 S. Z.
500 ns 8/$12.95
250 ns 8/$15.95
,I
9c
9c
And so is
only are our RAM'S faster than a speeding
bullet but they are now very low power. We are pleased to offer
prime new 21L02-1 Low Power and Super Fast RAM's. Allows
you to STRETCH your power supply farther and at the same
time keep the wait light off!
--
10/$40. $4.95 ea.

21L02 -1
power! Not
7406 -11c
7407 -11c
7410
9c
7416 -13c
9c
7420
FACTORY PRIME UNITS! BRAND NEW!

1.5 Micro -Seconds Access Time.
UP YOUR COMPUTER!
good mix
Special! x
.lust
1N4148/1N914
100/52.00
1N4002 -1A
PC
200/$2.
7400
7402
V.F
10%
100 PIV
ea.
AMD
-1702A
y
Mf
?ale
&
values!
CLAROSTAT
4/$1.00 12/$1.00
LEAD
DIODES
P.C.
RESISTOR
ASSORTMENT
RESISTOR
15 OHM
25W
BY
CIRCLE
NO.
50
ON
FREE
$1.
375ma.
S. D. SALES CO.
P.O. BOX 28810
-D
TEXAS 75228
FREE MERCHANDISE!
INFORMATION
CARD
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
I.
.i
POLY PAK'S IS THE "BARREL KIT KING" OF THE WORLD!

-lrtl. Slip,
I J/,c4ffe/I/
r.
11
(,.,.
/I
BARREL KIT .",239

SHIELDED CABLE
50 -ft. $1.98
iiii.rizilim
y
100 for
jacket. Wt.
KIT
$1.98
cil
11202
BARREL KIT
/)
`f
SOUND TRIGGERS
3 for
-.. IC8SOCKETS
for
BARREL KIT :225
IL'
$1.98
`t:.` $1.98
eeeitieeserye- Mfr unloads'
'lnlHandclap
mike amnl bee. trlggeee four 18 -pin.
to you. In-
-BARREL KIT #2O0

DIGIT
READOUT
MODULES
e
w /leads
In- Test lamp

Ioad.T
moors'
eludes AC, DC, RF, audio, dumps
'pu'nie's! Worth
4 -0 pin. all kinds. Wt. 1 Ib. 69Q ea. Like gain -o- wheat.
8E3527
CM No.
Cat. NO.
BE 3526 hobby
V. REGULATORS
25 forc
for
30
for
,
rit
BE
Ne.
20 for
$1.98
\ \,
tl
hob
on
It's true! 20 -key, 4 fanekeyboards t

loua give -away. Wt. 12 ozs
Cat. No.
'epsilon
MINI TRIM POTS
from
sfactory
dumps, 3V 10 mile, For

n(l's of projects, red lens.
CM. No. 8E3369
1
BARREL KIT #138

PANEL SWITCHES
'for'
$1.98
BARREL KIT #144
RCA PRONG PLUGS
30
4o for $1.98
Ill
BARREL KIT #183
BARREL KIT #128

MINI DIP ICS
bb> 1i
40 for
noon $1.98
All the tiny' lads,
,-
210 for ....No
$i.9
into barrels. Includes

eE 3144
in 'mixture
741s, LM- 380 -8, 703, 567,
"Z'"8 ea ana lmf t., :100m
100 qo marked Calcul star maker dump:
i. 8 -but who hobws'. voltages...,t.
Cal. No. BE 3227 o[n voltage..
gut u zilh0n of 't m.
BE 3226
tV t In. 8E 3245 hobb,
eoncl.
Inn
BARREL KIT 493

HALF WATTERS
BARREL KIT :99

PHOTO ELECTRIC
BARREL KIT #101

RESISTOR SPECIAL
200 for ar-f,_ CELLS

for $1.98
$1.98'1104 10
Asst. GE types,
I
15 for $1.9
200 for
$1.98
LM -340T
VOLT REG
Factory rejected
BARREL KIT :61

POLYSTYRENE CAPS
100 for
$1.98made.
Finest
BARREL KIT _58

SLIDE SWITCHES
BARREL KIT _54
-BARREL KIT #56
POWERS! POWERS!
for
for $1.98100
30
,, ... $1.98 Cat a i
All
Tremeno
1
gem-
50 for $1.98
J8 DIGIT READOUTS
10 for
$1 98f
8 g
k1 Ll
..
RCA
-'
..
a
lu,..
Dynamic Cartridge.
s's r Specifications
Ranges-DC Voltage:
.
0 to 15,
150, and 1000 V; AC Voltage: 0
1015, 150, and 1000 V; Direct
Current: 0 l0 150 mA; Resistonce: R x 1K (measures 100 n t0
100 k B); Sensitivity- AC /OC:
7000 Ohms- per-volt.
,
supplied) -one
9
o
)0
r \ 4+
pentite
(142g).Cat. No- 8E3921
-y+
J.C. Penney's
('I
1.5 V
(RCA VS034A or equiv.).

Size and Weight- Dimensions:
3 %i in. (9 Cm); 23 in. (6 em);
144 in (3.4 cm); Weight: 5 o2.
1000 ohms per V.
. ,,L
II
answer to the biggest

mobile rom nicatlon prob.
The
III
Battery for ohms Junction (not
automatic: nuise
more
Works
cancelling.
power,
man
eRertiyebmust
for 2 Pieter
ikes. A
hams. Doesnt "trip" repesters. Low impedance,
frequency response 300ca.:e
sensitivity
rso fo
n.e
or
en
of hi- impact black
m
made
lens
`
I
`/
TRANSPORT
Shielded preamp
115VAC fan cooled motor
CI
Slides easily into modular caninet
maser of yualit,'
Special purchase from a famous USA
as found in
HI-Fi systems for J. C. Penney! Same unit
into any stereo
the most expensive hume players. Plugs
design your
unit
replacement
Excellent
amplifier!
insert
system.niast
tape
stereo
n high quality
on automatically!
8-track cartridge and deck turns
e o
-stop music
Enioy up c to so minutes of
Built-in
and player shuts of!gautomatically!
cartridge
motor.
ana "wow' tree
0w distortion
and manual track
4 program 'ndicator lights, automatic
external power
selection. Ready to go, requires only
amplifier, and input
supply With output ables forinstructions.
wt. 4 lbs.
me. for power supply. With
x
3t'. ".
Palos Inc..,
AUGUST 1977
Cat. No.
PROJECT -ALL
5 IN 1
`c_
\\`
, \1\
SLIDE
PROJECTORS
50
``
TAPE
e 95 'L.
Cuts out noise of

Plastic, with wiring oat roc
maehlnery,highway
f CH's.
thins for 100'.,
e
transmission. Rot, wt. 2 Ibs.8E3902
for clear
TRACK
Poly
111
-HAM
COMMUNICATIONS
Fit virtually
ifs -III UNIVERSAL!
all rigs
rg .. everywhere.
Vie'
NOISE CANCELLING
CB
Size: 9 x
8E3010,
1.\
,,:
y
!
,I.
8E2861
V1
V
--
\:'.
k'-
100 PCs.
$1.98
20 for 1--.
$1.98 Hobby
Popular germanium
%
iiII.
30 for
$1.98
but
NE
TO -3
'
30096 goodAll
Prime
factory made m Ilions
m, 1'11r ad
and barrel ed
a lags
Cat.No 8E21113
1 s
bu[
I.
100 for
$1.98
'ln0o%
for
$1.98
Felluutx
2N:(15
en
$1.98
Preformed, for PC use,

Mixed values lop: BE 2609
BARREL KIT "20
100 for
$1,9$
the
BARREL KIT #31

METALLIC
a-E(fP-
100 for broConnng

$ 1.98
Made
the n
Mostly
6 96
toL
barrel
bar
NO.
&
values, Lae.
of
Hobby
L'nteatea.
ITO -181. nil
manufacturers, variety of
2N
,s Cat.No,BE 2604
$1.9$
'\
t'.
Je
capacitors
made.
shiny finish. Imagine factoFinest
, dumping 'em in barrels.

Cat.Nt38E 259_7100*,geod
100 for $1.9$
Imagine "Moils
jas switching'
diodes at these prices.
.Cat.No. 8E2418 trntestea
16 -18
00
bers. unmarked c.
Cat. Nu 8E2603 Untested.
BARREL KIT ESI

;PRECISION
PRECISION RESISTOR
200 for
Sias$
Marked and unmarked V,

2 vvatis'No BE
1/2'
4"
$1.98
95 for
Includes 455kcs,
Amazma,
ose, antenna, who knows?
Cat. No. 18E2422100 %good
fore
$1.98.cri ,
1.de
40 for
$1.9$.
BARREL KIT #2
LINEAR OP AMPS,
for
Iode
400,
Untested
4t.
n
25
5r, 100, 2O,
600. 040 and 3000
voltera,
241]
BARREL KIT #1
SN7400 DIP IC'S.
.
75 for $1.98
$1.98
709.5.
Marked 14 and/or with lb

741's, pin dins,
y include gates,
703'5, 560 series. 665 n- registers, flip 8991, 94uwthobby
puera. '8E2415 Detest. Hebb)
2416
Cludea
8E
May inolode
JSALT
Send for FREE
Del Carmine St., Wakefield,
POLY PAKS
O.
942E LYNNFIELD, MA. 01940
SUMMER CATALOG
BOX
CARD
$1.9$
Incluses
TO
18, etc., as ertea 2N nom
ZOO
MINIMUM ORDER
INFORMATION
BARREL KIT #25

METAL CAN
TRANSISTORS
larte fTO
BARREL NIT
"4o30" RECTIFIERS
Terms: Add postage

Rated: net 30
R
Phone : Wakefield, Hass. (617) 245 -3829
Retail:
IF TRANSFORMERS
Raw factory
lock! AH the 10 amp types.
Cat NO.18E 2419 Untested.
estes
1 98
i:.1
w4atr, f
are
100
6
g,
8(25081051
No.
too '
SUBMINIATURE
BARREL KIT #S
SCRs TRIALS,
QUADRACS
DIPS175
yopul
maker,
item, Never grows 91d,
BARREL KIT #9
$1.98
I.9
200 forBE$2614
famous
Untested Hobby
40 pin dev res,
Plastic 70220 type. 2, l
marked
Assorted 2N numbers,
internai f.ttory
numbers,, to Cat.NO.8E 2424
VOLUME
CONTROL
--
BARREL KIT #36

GERMANIUM DIODES
rnte,ted
1'%
75 for
No.18E2425 Onteste4.
BARREL KIT #7
for $1.98
for
200
got h`rr
tad`
sr r
ROMS- REGISTERS
40 for
$1.98
NPR,
10
Factory
BARREL KIT 736

PREFORMED
RESISTORS
RESISTORS
BARREL NIT #10
BARREL KIT #11

POWER TAB
TRANSISTORS
t/It
famous
60 for $1.98.,
sari n
.:,le"
Prime,
marked ont. Long leads'
Cat.No 8E2598100% gon
all kinds of mixed discrete

LEDS, 8E 2889
8E26171009
BARREL KIT #"18'

DIPPED MYLARS
LONG LEAD DISCS
Litronics dump of
WOW' A
Cat.No
of
100 for
Is.
1N148/814
FREE
10 for
.,nr
returns
numbers as MMAN -4's, MANSuppliers throw 's
7'a MAN -Us, 11 barrels &,
barrel. It's a li'1 gold Emin. no time to separate, Hobbs
All marked. Cat.Na. 8E2735 Cat.No. BE 2733 Untested..
g ud,
n the
7'rpe TU -92
SWITCHING DIODES
ON
BARREL KIT #65

MIXED READOUTS,
ventoc.
but he dumped 'emn in bar-
150 for
$1.9$
Y
bot
fr's heH
Wakefield, Mass., U.S.A. 1977

44
sied.
KIT NSIST ASTIC

TRANSISTORS
NO
$1.98
^,
-,
28601,'
BE
BARREL KIT #27

PREFORMED DISCS
U.S. make Originally designed as a tide Drojector.

Some may be odified for projecting bar of lita. deed
tandeed
g system. equire5
quality 3 lep cons
inserted
oration bulb. 35mm slides
loo watt
ally. Heavy duty bakelite case, grey
and removed m
low cost light
h mme tone finish. Design Your o
how. Us a Xenon flash tube and make .a strobe light.x
Hon. Size: 11
Man' other ass ton numerous to
5?/2 x 41'2 ", wt. 51bs.Cat -eNo. 8E3870
CIRCLE
for
Cat.No.
s- 15
good
BARREL KIT -35

NEON LAMPS
BARREL KIT
Worth many times our asking price.

Great for Light Shows, Strobes,
Light Displays, Slide Projector!
Wide angle focusing lens!
Airit'
Micro sir. ((3

with wire lends 3 I
VDC, 40 mils, 8E3259
rm g
100 for
$1.98
BARREL KIT 739

2N3055 HOBBY
TRANSISTORS
BARREL KIT #40

PNP HIGH -POWER
TRANSISTORS
/I
coNTROLS
BARREL KIT #68

BARREL KIT #71
CAPACITOR SPECIAL.a,. 2 WATTERS
s
values, styles, big n pas
mall n"es. Cl.Ne.gE 2 421
20 for
$ 1 98
{Vide asst. of terminal strip

conne tors,. from 1 contact
\0
30 for
1.98 10 gow
Singles, duals, variety of
.\_nIII
A, a
c ns
k (
shop
100's f Large distributor cleaned t. g
bought 10 barrel d
b.e
house. Barrels of power blisdor digit" htype.I Multihi
from factory, mixed values, switching prefects.
plexed, Cat. No. 8E2722 case 8E2618100
Cat.No. 8E2726100%30o,, resistors 3 to 7 watts,
411 guod.Cat -No. BE 2729
_
to
Single turn.
8E3345
oz,
right of Monsanto, Litronix, uP. Strip manufacturera

variety of colors. 4'3d barrel dump
your gain.
Cat.No. 8E1057
Ib. GatNo
07o or better. 8E3139 Wt.
BE 3136
BARREL KIT #87
BARREL KIT #86
BARREL KIT #88
NATIONAL IC BONANZA'HOBBY LEDS
LITRONICS LED
READOUTS
Factory sami..ta 409 -mw'5.

s
/T
Never-to -see -again offer, 6,
8, 10.
12, 5V, under We dont wish to separate m
m feeds,
plastics.
wide est voltages & values e am cs, discs, etc. Nifty
glass. Double plug.
un to 300 mf, Cat. 11E274700 %[good Cat.No 6E2738
Cat.No..8E2741 Untested
BARREL KIT .73

TRANSISTOR
ELECTROS
100 for $1.98
tot PC, upright type, color rodlength of e15. May include ed.
Asst values.
' 6, 8, 2, 15, 0.24 volt. Came t, us t in a barrel.
Power tab .Lat. 8E 2635 Cat.No 8E2746 100 %good
,
Axial, red case, variety of

Hobby
Physical size. &e values pit., ,t,
fr. m f
Cat.NO. 8E3018
h.i., fun. No.
..
'>
BARREL KIT #104

SLIDE VOLUME
100 for $1.98
Hobby
acial, up-
100 for $1.98 10 for $1.98 t
,,,,,I
factory tried to
types. tool ux by mixing 11111'o
I
1, 2- Mixed by factory.
i.4 '
Big job color-coded resistors
n
oatters, carbon, s oz, for us to separate. 100%
barrel. But value is there.
1011
good Cat.No. 8E3052
Rond 8E3054
4 oz, 8E3046 Untested
BARREL KIT #76
ARREL KIT #81
BARREL KIT 083,
SUBMINI RESISTORS
1 -WATT ZENERS
CDS
BARREL #91
SILVER MICAS
200 for $1.98
BARREL KIT #109

TERMINAL STRIPS
BARREL KIT #112

MICRO MINI LEDS
buy.
W. Wt.
YT.
10.
$ 1.98
values 100
BARREL KIT #135

MICRO MINI LAMPS
BARREL KIT #115

MOLEX
100%)0,
good
SOCKETS
40 for
$1 98
<
$I.9
BARREL KIT ,'126

UPRIGHT ELECTROS
BARREL KIT :127

AXIAL ELECTROS
$1.98
100for
Large mfg' dumped 100's of
g:
Asst,
It
/r
1,000,000 RCA phono plugs

for this one. You hi fi -era Did you hear of OAK? 4
ln ti
ter know wu[ they are
other agni maker barrelled
a witches.
-I
TV-ma
- nt chick chip.
I
KC TO -9 V.R.'e beru lie.
)nl, 1" 10096 material, 8E3293 .ill types
roter e. Nec.
s. Dpat 6Pdt, ale. Brand dari beepers, who knows, .:ige and
rnitd. Hot by the pound, n e w Cat. No. 8E 3150
'sled.
trie, .Ld,., etc
BE 1268
tIVInixed. Cab. Mo.. 8E 3308 cÌ' 11 t. 2 lbs. BE 3294
97rriA
kens
Ce
BE3330
Ne.
1.98
' ,,x, A
4" x 1" panels that glo
blue -green with 110VAC.
Use for ils lites, iodic
tore, etc.Cal. No. 8E3550
for $1.98 can- 30 for

aloes material,
15
150 for
$1.9
MINI
TRANSFORMER
15 for
3524
BE
BARREL KIT "184

BARREL KIT #182
'n-WATT METAL FILM JUMBO RED LEDS
BARREL KIT #145
}{I
n-
,on
,f,4'fliI
for
10 for $1.9:
transfo'
eat+
ditransformers, etil.ra, aides, etc. rsior -p.c. work.
Preformed,
dumped into
barrels by fe stones, 100 %. 100% metal film ces stors, Long leads, 8E3413
8E1401
CM. Mn.
111
/j"
....
50 for $1.98
l''1
91.98/
1111
}t
400 Parts
beneath epoxy
"
NARRE'.- KIT #210,

BARREL KIT 4, 203,
CALCULATOR o0086 GLOWIii' PANEL
oe0a 33
KEYBOARDS
_.
BARREL KIT #20

MINI BLOCK
1CAPACITORS
#2211;
BARREL KIT #188
calculator
r coins
3515
BARREL KIT :154
'
Cat.
fY/
$1.98
nt'slab
$1,98
/
`
BARREL KIT #159

MODULAR SWITCHES CLOCK CHIPS
BARREL KIT #160
6#%)
rrKIr
/_' ee.
yoursave
Unbelievable! worth 350.

Four 1 -pin. High
precis on
submini
Solder tall, caps for all applications.
profile.NO.
Wt. 3 ozs. Cat.
863821
8E1528
8E3625
SCR, Cat. No.
& 507.s.
BARREL KIT :201

B V INDICATORS
15 for $1.98
PLUGS, SOCKETS
Test
SAVE!
Kits include 100% material, too!

Each kit carries a money-back guarantee
eludes Fairchild hND -500
6E3577
Ib.
1'/ `
..
8E3629
15
for
From factory
mikes, stereos: 1 -cons.

plus shield, 22 gai vinyl
plu
Buy
BARRELS_j
OFF
\
BARREL KIT 1!230

HALF INCH
READOUTS
Buy fromthe
.,
//5ujh111
EXCLUSIVE AT
POLY PAKS
...
r CO.U.a MAY
BE PHONED
56.00
99
'
-,i
ONLY
Frequency
1.000 MHz
2.000 MHz
CY1A
CY2A
HC33/U
$5.95
$5.95
HC33 /U
s1.9r51
HC18 /U
HC1811
$4.95
54.95
10 000 MHz
HC18U
S4 95
31818 MHz
18.000 MHz
14
00224
20 000 MHz
CY30B
32 000 MO,
WAVEFORM
HC18U
5019'U
HCta t1
3 85
03.20
4913109F
0418000
320
320
299
0111-2567
99
3 85
5 BO
480
2208
20
2102
102=
21075280
4095x1
IA
253
Imo
253]
,024 Static
33-'
XR-210
'=LSE
5.20
49-215
46567CP
6.60
55 567C1
, 70
-489
16t4
8101
811
256
256
n 00
8599
91L02
74200
93421
95
00
3 95
Special 5 95
53.25
$4.95
DIGIT DVM KI
:
=
102:
256
256 ,
9-
-02A
5203
82023
5595
305 Baue
Char Gen u01401 ease

Char Gen -lower ese
Char Gen
516 95
3.50
7.50
95
14.95
14.95
51C14419
CM7045
001059
9.95
MC14409
MC14410
Instate
00
39$
2
95
1495
24 95
1 0-9900 RPM
a 6 or a Cycllyde
200
-411
3341
9368
MC1408L7
995
which ins into the same caseas the 0-26 DVM allowing 117 VAC operation.
3 75
toso
395
9 95
25 005e1
AY-59100
17 50 ea
95H90
ICM7209
HD0165
22 00
750
3 95
7.50
7.95
A. 0 -2V DVM with Case

B. 5V Power Supply
Etching Kits
32 X A-1
i'
EMI Materials Kit

enough for 5 circuit boards
$29.95 ea.
MOW Circuit Kit
9.95 ea.
6.95 ea.
PC
27 X A-1
Mu boards
Complete kA
6 5 X
DIMENSIONS:
Tabs-spaced
0.1'
PHENOLIC
DIGITAL STOPWATCH
Bright 6 Dell LEO Display
Times to 59 minutes 59.59 seconds
Crystal Connoted Tine Base
Three Stopwatches in One
Times Single Event
Split a Taylor
5lw a 5'- x 2.15'' 0.90- lain Dunes)
W
6 50
-Sc
50
..2
Kit
$39.95
$49.95
Assembled
Heavy Duty Carry Case$5.95

Stop Watch Chip Only /72051
Examine contents of ROMS

Tracing operation of control logic
Checking counter and shift
519.95
AUTOTEL
an audible alarm kit

potemial engine damage.
immediately forewarns a malfunction or
.indicating
An audible signal (70 db pulsing)
failure
There is no sound during normal

CMOS circuitry.
21,5" x A" case. Complete kit
with all components, hardware and
215"
$6.95 /Kit
QUARTZ DIGITAL AUTO CLOCK

OR ELAPSED TIMER!
!!
II -Basic concepts otTTL Logic -over 90

experiments
517.00 /set
Introduces DART
recommended
for RTTY enthusiast
$5.00 /book
Explores 8080 chip
introduces
Mark 80 Microcomputer
$15.00/book
56
Elapsed Timer: Mrs, Mins and Sees

12 or 24 He Capacity
Simple Reset - Stan Pushbutton
Control
Complete kit 5517005 mounting
ca
and
ef
all
bracket
components, nothing eve
to
buy Fealure5MM5314chip Large. 4 LEDs

Atcurary Netter Mai - min per MO internal
beery backup. 12 voit non55Olar operanon
O.MR4SIONS 4'2
CMOS -M- DESIGNERS PRIMER AND HANDBOOK
-04
00
169164 062
16911:4 06251
- -
Uses 3 Penlde Cens
Troubleshooting microprocessor
address, instruction, and data flow
555 TIMER APPLICATIONS SOURCEBOOK WITH

EXPERIMENTS
over 100 design techniques $6.95 /book
69
20:
6 50
1695:2 062
72045 GLASS
BUGBOOK III -
00
640:4 06?
1 :570 062
EPOxy
GLASS
BUGBOOK
686800K Ila
MODEL
100A
$189.00 /Kit
Continuing Education Series
Price
50
50
KIT: S49.95
$59.95
ASSEMBLED
Add $10 Io for required speed transducer
SPECIAL
$19.95 ea.
P- Paeeln
Hale Spamng
Pad No
6404: 082x2 x5
1690:4 00005
complete.
BUGBOOK
1/16 VECTOR BOARD
v4
Some applications are:
156
Unwersal Microcomputer /Processor

plugboard -Epoxy Glass -complete
with beatsink and mounting hardware
5.313 X 10 X 115 copper clad
4'15 x 4 x
register operation
Monitoring I/O sequences
Verifying proper system operations
conditions
during testing
Easy to assemble
comes with step -by -step constructior manual
which includes 80 pages on logic analyzer operation
only add water
4.5 x 1.16 Epoxy glass
P.Pattem -44 P.0
8800V
$49.95
$14.95
BATTERY MONITOR
71 Vets From 11 -15 VDC
BRIGHT YELLOW ORANGE

3' LEO DISPLAY!
Ka includes case. bracket and all components
Nothing Noe to Sky, 12 Volt DEG GRD.
WEEKS DELIVERY
aliii,,
---
200-350-
6 95
LOIIO7L0111
PARATRONICS
Analyzes any type of digital system

Checks data rates in excess of 8 million
words per second
Trouble shoot TTL, CMOS. DTL, RTL,
Schottky and MOS families
Displays 16 logic states up to 8 digits wide
See ones and zeros displayed on your
CRT. octal or hexadecimal format
Tests circuits under actual operating
6 OIL TEMP
Low Fuel In0,04105
Logic
This 0 -2 VDC 05 per cent digital voltmeter features the Motorola 3'4 digit
DVM chip set. It has a 4' LED display and operates from a single - 5V
power supply The mm is provided complete with an miection molded black
plastic case complete with Bezel An optional power supply is available
0-80 PSI
100.250
Featured on February's Front Cover of Popular Electronics
Analyzer Kit
5 OIL PRESSURE
2 WATER TEMP.
295
EEDO METER
4 0-SP99 MPH
TACHOMETER
00
- 95
3.95
FUEL LEVEL
3Percenmge
1750
19.95
$19.95
SEVEN DIFFERENT INSTRUMENTS!
14 95
OPeA C
25.00
-8211
Wood orale Case
One year factory warranty
MEETS OR EXCEEDS ORIGINAL AUTOMOTIVE SPECS

Please speary whon one of ere sever models you want
when 050ermg -m se do not all come in one unit
Each mode' must be fought separately.
5995
OpeltCe Bipolar
Open Collector lpolar
Tn -Sure Bipolar
11090
O50026CH
rIL308
CMT208
ICM7207
'wawa, Ialure )nd,cato,
DIGITAL AUTO INSTRUMENT
6 9S
29 951
5841
MIL50240
or Ounon
Eaorry Case
$16.95
lot
Tust
825115
6 75
6 50
2 70
17 50
17 50
17 50
Case
8797
:04508
.04515
0.5001
225
Static
256
56
B hlgm
Seconds di5p1 y al touer
0500 IVOry
95
SPECIAL REQUESTED ITEMS
.004520
MCM6571
,eCM6574
MCM6575
3 50
14.50
Large Red Leo Display

Sec PIU
6 95
Famos
1024
130. SOed state
4111111
49
8K
6301.1
6330 -1
6331.1
9 95
10 95
5S-
ASy3 8500-1
MC3061P
MC4016P (74416)
MC14583
MC14562
roe
995
256x4
75
um
32,8
10216
5 95
PROMS
Farms
2046
2048
3601
95
tat
82512i
-4528-
4 95
Sou,
UART'5
1551013
C04070
PLUG
SOCKET
Static
Static
Dynamic
Static
Static
Static
Staun
Sonn,
Staun
256x4
2111
2513121401
2513(30211
2516
25 PIN -D SUBMINATURE
00
2 49
RUM'S
25644
6 9
95
Con Bubon
8149
Slant_
-00
4
B0 B!T
0395
256 6I5
512 911
325
.156 Spacing- Tin -Double Read -Out

Bifurcated Contacts
Fits .054 to .070 P.C. Cards
15/30
PINS (Solder Eyelet)
$1.95
18/36
$2.49
22/44
$2.95
50/100 (.100 Spacing) PINS (Solder Eyelet)
$6.95
:mc31/2
26 50
4001
3.20
PHASE LOCKED LOOPS
256
2101
Dyna
".124 0ynami;
85
PRINTED CIRCUIT EDGE -CARD
DE1255
ngl
24 95
19 95
5'2
CONNECTORS
DB25P
5155
$670
X1.4136
48-1468
49-1488
48-1489
Dynamic
He. 32 BIT
XR.556CP
XR- 2556CP
XR-2240CP
MISCELLANEOUS
88.2211CP
STEREO DECODERS
024
2707
$19.95
Digital Alarm Clocks
RAM'S
MPU
8 BIT
8228
System Controller - Bus Driver $10.95
MC6800L
8 Bit MPU
35.00
MC6820L
Periph. Interface Adapter
15.00
MC6B10AP1 128 x 8 Static RAM
6.00
MC6830L8 1024 x 8 Bit ROM
18.00
Z80
CPU
49.95
SR'S
os
XR- 2206KA Kit
EXAR
69-20GENERATORS SB40
49-220600
4 49
49- 1310CP
CA
$19.95
4.95
15.95
6.95
10.95
39.95
CPU'S
super 8008
Super 8008
80804
2650
$4.95
54.95
0 Timeband
MICROPROCESSOR COMPONENTS
8080A
CPU
8212
8 Bit Input /Output
8214
Priority Interrupt Control
8216
Bi- Directional Bus Driver
8224
Clock Generator /Driver
COP1802 - with user manual
BOBO
95
S4
HC18.0
Special
XR- 2206KB Kit $29.95
XR- 2207CP
-PEW'
Case/Style
HC33,U
2.010 MHz
4,000 MHz
5.000 MH2
ICY2.01
CY3A
CY7A
CY120
CY14A
CY19A
op"-'-Tr
'CRYSTALS
THESE FREQUENCIES
Part
Kit: $29.95
Assembled: $39.95
12 or 24 HOUR MODE
complete CMOS instruction manual
$6.00
CASE ONLY
Includes hardware. mounting bra
et and bezel)
56.50
COP5E6 CLAD
Ott el
H,,.
Be't'uum Lowe
291 -.36H
Aluminum Heat Sink lm
680 -.75A
stack
SPECIAL
SINKS
2BSCBHEAT
205 -CB
680-
snik
Trans..,
TO 220
Ancona Aluminum For
TO -5
.25
a 6pqulators
TO -3
s .25
PROTO BOARD 6
51.60
$15.95
HEXADECIMAL ENCODER 19 -KEY PAD
16" long
4- wide)
P8102
7"
4.5"
$10.95 each
TT_
5505
0T-598
p111
0T355
A97MS
Al DMS
1
T -6
--
TOOLS
Diagonal Cutter Chain Nose Pliers
-- -
Wire Stripper
Wire Stripper
55B
00
semi-flush cut
4
-
4h.
'
$8 50 ea
7.50 ea.
3.75 ea.
2.50 ea.
8.50 ea.
long
#16 to #26 gauge

#10 to #20 gauge
Cutter- Crimper Tool - 83/4" long

Nippling Tool
Cuts, Trims or Notches Metal
CS -8
up to
#18
gauge
6.95 ea.
3.75 ea.
Nibbling Tool Replacement Punch

PE
MACEL
-29 PLUS
,1
I.9
100
2111,
9.79 each
erde
66 8.
Electrical Tape
All Weather
BlaG vinyl
10-up Rolls
S/.95/1g roll package
--
55.00 Minimum Order

Calilomia Residents
O.t. Funds Only

Add Se. Sales Tas
8 50
DM1
DM2
75
DM3
simulated walnut case with di
-598
shales
price
590
12 50
bus stop
470
0 -358
OT-18S
350
bus strip
180
OT -125
120
OT-89
OT-75
80
70
55
bus stop
Experimenter 300
Experimenter 600
ames
ELECTRONICS
1021 -A HOWARD AVE :, $AN CARLOS, CA. 94070

(415) 592-8097
/spud
All Advertised Prices Good Thru
11
MOUr
$17.95
DIGITAL CLOCK KIT

4
2.50
10 00
2.25
8.50
2
DIGIT KIT $49.95

DIGIT KIT 569.95
3 75
3 25
300
9.95
510.95
S
31/2
INCH DIGITS
DIGIT ASSEMBLED $59.95
6 DIGIT ASSEMBLED
$79.95
This 1306, features big 314" high digits for viewing in offices. auditoriums,
etc. Each digit is formed by 31 bright 0.2- LED's. The ckld, operates from
117 VAC, has Ober 12 or 24 hr. operation. The 6 digit version is 27" s
314- s -1z" and the 4 digit s 18" x 314" e 114".5fs come complete wit
NI Components, case and transformer.
Specify 12 or 24 Heur When Ordering
00
4.75
- 2
25e
Send 354 Stamp tin 19771 Catalog
Dealer Discount Available
Request Pricing
PHONE ORDERS WELCOME
ar24
115 VAC
Function Generato
RC Bridge
0 -475
0 -478
- -
Spec
p
Sheets
12
Circuit Designer
54.95
5995
O'475
$7.95
KEYBOARD ENCODER
475
type
OT-59$
OT 1135
01-478
16 LINE TO FOUR BIT PARALLEL
16 PIN
24 PIN
$4.50
Devices
OT PROTO STRIPS
kind of P C 8 A very solid

molded plasm 13
suits most appL,alrc?
400165
nensiew e 6 x 2'z x
Ill
a
MAN' ?min bngnlness readout and the
14 PIN
69.95
$84.95
any
$19.95
tunes
DESIGN MATES
,includes power Supp,yl
KeV
Tins Keyboard features 60 unencoded SOS( keys, unanacned to
CLOCK
The JE ]OD t_5 a low cost drg1lal clock. but

is a very 5109 quality und The unit lea
PHOTO CLIPS
39.95
Logic Monitor
60 KEY KEYBOARD
JE700
S42.95
PB103 - 9" x 6"

59.95
PB104 - 9.5" x 8"
79.95
PB203 - 9.75 x 63/4 x 23/4
75.00
PB203A - 9.75 x 63/4 x 24k 120.00
Return Key
Optional Key IPerlod)
-
woith 149 05
ABCDEF
Other CS Proto Boards

PB100 - 4.5' X 6'
$ 19.95
PB101 - 5.8' x 4.5"
29.95
-0
b tu7O.
CONTINENTAL SPECIALTIES
SA
5.arf knish tar
5171
JE803
',Pbe.
f
The Log
ndespensmle in Ire
PROBE
si,, w7r.'1
foie
m051 pan
500011, loge
tam.
0
0 1 1 2 7 0 CMOS It derives the Dowel n
needs to operate directly alt of the bated under
Vol d a
g a scant 10 mA max It uses a MANS
readout to Indicate any of me
g states by
these symbols 1H1 I MOW, o IPUL5E4 P The
Probe can ]Nett nigh frequency poises to
MNI
It can I be used at MOS lee, of Vicoli damage
result
al
...,mt.-,
VA., ri
$9.95 Per Kit

printed circuit board
T L 5V 1A Supply
This is a standard TTs power supply using the well known
LA1309K regulator IC to provide a sold 1 AMP el oa,rent at 5
volts We Icy to make things easy for you by prOVding
everything you need in one package including the hardware
for
only
$9.95 Per Kit
..
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
TTL
7400N
S47400N
SN7401N
.16
.16
SN7459A
25
SN7460N
SN74154N
1.00
SN7102N
21
SN7470N
22
.45
s5741555
S474035
9174045
557405N
.16
5574725
19
.18
.37
.24
SN7473N
SN7474N
SN74065
.20
S574754
.50
S474075
5974089
.29
5474765
32
25
S574795
5.00
SN7409N
25
70
S4741565
S5741575
55741605
S5741615
5574163N
5574164N
5574165N
S5741665
5574167N
.99
99
99
1.25
S574105
18
SN7411N
SN7412N
.30
.33
.15
5574135
S574145
32
09748011
SN7482N
SN7483N
SN74855
50
.98
S574895
S574905
2.49
75
49
49
59741749
S5741755
09741769
125
SN7491N
SN74177N
90
.99
S974929
S574934
SN7427N
SN7429N
s717430N
.33
.49
.37
,29
.29
.37
.42
.26
547432N
31
081741215
681713714
.27
SN7438N
27
.45
611741864
15,00
39
39
5474187N
600
3.95
1.19
.79
.89
S574975
05741005
05741075
249
.95
1.95
1236 Yellow
59741229
99741239
99741255
.39
.25
50
.60
94714081
597412681
SN74132N
10
SN74193N
1.09
55741945
65741955
09741964
S5741975
1.25
6971449
.15
.89
.59
.75
.75
S8174455
.75
SN74143N
511741989
1.75
SN74465
.81
65744141
.69
.79
9474509
26
SN74148N
210
54745111
.27
997415081
1.00
SN71535
27
SN741514
79
51574544
.20
SN74153N
.89
59741999
95742009
09742799
S5742515
S5742844
65742855
SN743675
1.75
5574478
S5741445
94741454
S97/1366
SN7414IN
S4741125
557414791
.95
1.15
4.90
4.50
4.50
1.15
2.35
1.79
6.00
65
215
59
CD4040
C04042
C04044
65
65
59
C04046
2 51
25
25
47
CDa047
C04049
CD4050
2 75
740014
3 00
79
74C95N
2 00
56
CD4051
35
55
C04053
CD4060
2 95
49
C04066
125
CD4069
25
25
1.50
25
93 95
69
1
65
943090
LM3WK
LM310CN
LM311H
LM311N
LM318CN
LM319N
1M320K-5
LM320K-5.2
9d13201112
LM320K-15
LM320T-5
LM340T12
1.10
1.79
1.79
.99
NE501K
8.00
15
NES1OA
.90
NE531H
6.00
3.00
.90
NE5367
600
.50
30
NE5401
NE5504
6.00
35
.35
NE555V
NE5608
35
NE5618
5E5620
79
39
500
5.00
5.00
1.25
NE565H
1,75
NE565N
NE566CN
NE567H
NE5671/
LM703C4
LM709H
1.25
1.95
1.50
45
29
167090
29
1.M710N
LM711N
.79
.39
.55
LM7239
LM723H
LM733N
LM7395
LM741CH
LM741CN
75
75
167470
75
LM748H
1817484
18413036
LM1304N
LM1305N
65
35
35
29
29
69
1
75
29
741526
740527
741528
711530
701532
741540
741555
39
29
29
741573
49
741,551
6
6
Div,
POLARITY
5.
270
Mal,.
Dol
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
/22B
FCS 8000A
1.25
1.85
1.00
FRONT VIEW
Cathode
Cannel
187
Anode
4no0e green
Oeste yenow
8700e,9reen
300
300
300
Digit
3v2
95
25
95
95
300
400
Anode.Ira
300
300
b &o and 10 min.

which are 16mA
25.49
-24
50 -100
22
21
20
75492CN
.89
89
29
37
28
27
40 pm
16 pin
30
on
on
35
49
18
24
74
pin
1B
28
55
36
25
1.00
.35
CA3081
CA3082
CA3083
2.00
on
52
97
36 on
40 mn
CA3089
083091
3.75
10.20
35
CA3102
CA3123
CA3130
CA3140
CA3600
49
1
1
5 95
55
589
5
2
1
25
95
1.95
3 69
2 85
2
85
2 85
2
1
85
89
189
175
55
79
395
CLOCK CHIPS
Reset PIN.
$9 9c
4.95
4.95
4.95
6.95
Ofed. BCD Outputs. 12 or 24 Hour

PPS Output
665318
Vbeo Clock Chip. Far Use With 1565041

6 Digit. Calendar. Main. 12 or 24 Hour
6 Dlga. 12 or 24 Hour, 50 or 60 H7
4 Digit. Alarm, I PPS output
'
59 95)
DATA HANDBOOKS
42
41
75
68
62
ea.
JQ
ASST. 2
1549
99
139
50.100
59
85
90
28
28
40m
7m
6/1 00
10111
150
180
50 NV
154002
144003
154004
100 PIV
200 PIV
400 PIV
10
75
175
ASST.
5 ea.
9 95
5.95
Prn out & Peso. 04ion of 5400/7400 Ics $2.95

CMOS 710 001 & Description of 4000 Series ICS $2.95
Linear vin out & Functional DescriPtion
$2.95
WASST. 4
ea.
28 Fun
36 on
51
I
1
33 OHM
39 OHM
47 OHM
56 )11M
82 OHM
100 OHM
120 OHM
150 OHM
180 011M
220 OHM
270 OHM
330 01-09
390 OHM
470 OHM
560 DIM
680 OHM
620 OHM
20
50
30
5e
5 ea.
ASST. 6
ASST. 7
ASST.
OR
85
70
560
20
159
20
45
05
95
81
15
11'
'
120
50
180
22K
275
330
39K
470
685
820
100K
1201(
150E
180K
220K
2700
330K
390K
470K
560K
6805
82011
1M
12M
541
1311
22M
1/4 WATT 5%
50 PCS.
124 WATT 5%
50 PCS.
1/4 WATT 5`.
50 PCS.
3M
9M
7M
5.
50
7M
50 PCS.
1/4 WATT 5%
50 PCS.
--
6M
171 WATT 5%
- -
ELECTRONICS
1021 -A HOWARD AVE., SAN CARLOS, CA. 94070

PHONE ORDERS WELCOME
(415) 592-8097
All Advertised Prices Good Thro August
CIRCLE
NO
26
ON
FREE
12/1 00
75
25m
1w
20/1.00
INFORMATION
CARD
70
50
1w
8 2
o
1
12
1w
lw
15
35 AMP
50 PIV
100 PIV 35
150 PIV 35
200 PI5 35
400 PIV 35
AMP
AMP
AMP
1.B0
3.00
AMP
95
51
95
12A @ 505
FW BRIDGE ROC.
95
MOA 980-3
12A @ 200V
Pe/BRIDGE
ROC
95
41100
P54249
P84050
204400
284401
431
431
431
431
0,100
21(4402
411 00
541 00
244403
284409
491 00
295086
31
4.51
431
431
531
531
591
541
511
MPS 405
MPS ADS
2422194
591 00
2X1221
491
591
422224
1.2369
P03567
P40569
P03s69
2.3704
2N3105
2N3106
2X3107
3/51 00
CO
Ssi 0
44 00
97
2N3h
00
S
SI
00
SI
25
511
2N3124
233125
01(3903
213E04
3905
OC
231 00
i7955
i2955
50
TRANSISTORS
5/$1 IIO
43100
3/51 00
5,51 00
5/31 W
541 00
531 00
65
SI 00
5;S1 00
S
2N50e7
245099
255089
205129
255108
255139
235209
)1
Ill
00
Si co
S1
2H5951
44a9G6
DF
0106015CR
2N5432
50100
05
04
03
22 pf
.05
.04
03
47 pf
05
04
03
100 pf
220 pl
05
D4
03
GS
04
03
470 pf
05
01 m1
0022
0047m1
01m1
I/35V
15/35V
22/35V
33/35V
47/350
.12
.12
12
.0010F
.0047F
.01F
.0200F
.0470F
07
07
.047m
.1m
28
17
6.8/255
23
S2
10 -49
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
CO
50-100
M
04
035
035
05
04
05
.035
.04
06
05
04
09
.075
21
27
11
.08
.17
13
..23
36
31
40
35
10/25V
17
15/255
63
50
0/350
28
23
MINMTURE ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS
Radial
ATM Lea
13
10
15
.47/505 .15
13
.47/255
28
00
2:31 00
05
10
23
00
'31 00
05
leF
12
035
04
141 VOLT MYUJI FNM CAPACITORS
13
10
.07
022ml
10
10
-9
.22ml
33
27
.07
3-208 DIPPED TANTALUMS (SOLIDI CAPACITORS
17
1.5/35V
30
26
.28
23
.28
23
-17
22/255
31
27
17
3.3125V
31
27
28
23
17
4.7/251
28
23
32
28
12
00
00
CORNER
50 VOLT CERAMIC
DISC CAPACITORS
10 -49
10 pl
50PCS.
28
28
28
28
28
28
60
lw
60A 980-1
$7.49 ea.
ames
ALL THREE HANDBOOKS $6.95
15/1.00
10m
SCR
-a
25e
Send 354 Stamp for 1977A Catalog
Dealer Oiscounl Available
Request Pricing
Spec Sheets
U.S. Funds Only

Add 6% Sales Too
10/1 00
6/1 00
ton
SCR
68 /35V
Includes Resistor Assortments 1 -7 (350 PCS.)
$5.00 Minimum Orlfer

California Residents
200m
35
SCA
PCS.(-)
174 WATT 5%
10/.00
G13
1/4 WATT
10/1.00
75
15A @ 4000
5 ea.
1811188
PRICE
AMP
AMP
AMP
50
358 @ 200V
6A @ 2005
PER ASST.
80
100
12/1.00
CAPACITOR
59
10
? 7e
8 2K
560
ea.
191186
5.6
6.2
6.8
90185
12/.00
800 PIV
1000 PIV
SCR AND FW BRIDGE RECTIFIERS
63
00
1
00
12:1 00
12,1 00
AMP
AMP
AMP
AMP
600 PIV
C38M
u57
140
$1.25
18 OHM
68 OHM
CL
ASST. 5
15 OHM
12 OHM
switch unit $1.75 ea.

VOLTS
C360
30
40
61 00
4.11 00
145
70
28
500m
500m
25
26
#3
24 pm
27 OHM
ea.
1 25
7415191
7411192
89
03
125
74LS19C
59
1
pin
18 pin
ASST-
7415181
125
37
10 OHM
7405375
59
59
37
38
50 PCS. RESISTOR ASSORTMENTS
1.39
1.25
1.75
25
25
95
89
59
7415193
7415194
7405195
1415257
7405260
7415279
7415670
41
33
6.2
6.8
7.5
1-9
25
49
1
545
14
95
1.95
175
on
on
10
215
la
WIRE WRAP SOCKETS (GOLD) LEVEL
083086
500m
500m
32
43
.39
79
79
15
59,
16 pin
18
1N4001
SOLDERTAIL STANDARD (GOLD)
85
.79
.89
.99
1.19
61
40 pm
30
42
200
VOLTS
195235
195236
15456
14458
154854
00
62
083080
7415153
7415157
7415162
7415163
7415164
100
59
100
L 77<0s;
56
49
50
44
28 pin
69
49
155232
145234
4/1 00
4,1 00
811 00
4 1 00
28
24 Qin
49
4/1 00
400r1
400m
400m
400m
60
63
29
TT
400m
6.2
6.8
8.2
oil
24
004194
RG195
5.6
15753
1N754
19959
159658
36 pin
32
35
.85
19752
36
43
58
27
99
37
28 pm
36 pin
25
32
45
49
RECTIFIERS
N4005
114006
1N4007
193600
154148
144154
154305
1N4734
154735
154736
114738
154742
154744
151183
141184
75
TYPE
4/1.00
4/1.00
2 25
DIODES
PRICE
1.50
2
400mm
400m
SOLDERTAIL STANDARD (TIN)
24
27
49
- $14.95-
3.3
51
38
15746
157510
TYPE
OW PROFILE (TIN) SOCKETS
15
(16 pin dip)
99
99
252320
21(
$ 27
ZENERS
95
99
Multi -Digit Series
Digit
Digit
Digit
5 Digit
on
on
75
300
400
1'20
8 pin dip)
(14 pin dip)
(
TV GAME CHIP SET
NT
300
400
300
300
orange
3
4
16
14
49
Includes AY- 3- 8500 -1 chip and 2.010 mhz crystal

if purchased separately would cost $18.95.
/e" Ht.
14
22 on
10 -20
$PST Slide Action
5/51.00
250
500
500
79
RCA UNEAR
C83013
2.15
CA3023
2.56
CA3035
248
1.35
CA3039
130
CA3046
-9
.59
.59
.59
Normally Open
Normally Closed
DIP SWITCHES
21338
5cle
Ca
.39
18 mn
Flat c
110
$ 17
Push On -Push Off
#206.4
#206-7
#206-8
135'
7151
CaiOae
pin
16
-188.3
45'
Red
451
Cathode
aEd
volts.
-188 -1
-188 -2
4;51
600
600
600
Forward voltage drop
25 mA
J
Ole.
Dip Package
Common Cathode
3 to 5 volts @ 5 mils per segment
Red Display
7 segment Monolithic
3617. 3817
IC SOLDERTAIL
1.60
.85
- 5" Long
.50 (Wide) X .60 (high) 3-27 Thread
8 AMP W 14 Voit- 1 AMP W .10 Volt
18 AWG Solid Wire
INFRA -RED LED

1.16
Commie
Anode
n058 0ed
Typical segment current

&no except coron. 10 hrs.
FSC8000
30 AWG
500, $1.95 1000.52.95 1000f. $15.00

White - Yellow - Red - Green - Blue - Black
Plastic Push Button Switch
491
411
Anode -me -
HP 5082 -7300
one
55.00 each).
MAXIMUM FORWARD
Anode
Anode
-3
1AV50
4n5.910
7549405
10.51
FNDS''
RID
or D. (3817 available at
$$4.95 EA.
CURRENT
Common
Common
Common
Common
ONO
will
lar one
tacos,
DL 3313
.8" Display
almost
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
DL 750
POLARITY
71.791
DL 747
99
99
300
WIRE WRAP WIRE

25 ft. min. $1.25
SPECIFY COLOR
Green
elp
MAN
01707
3L704
DL707
MAN 4740
99
99
50
300
Connects
SPECIAL
90
1.25
4.95
49
39
39
Yellow
Orange
TYPE
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3.50
6.95
12.95
9.95
16.95
18.95
12.95
ICM7045IPI
MC14411 Baud
1 RetnlOrder
pncmg may vary from
pricing.
Mail
FOR
THE DO-IT-YOURSELFER
high quality CD Electronic
Ignition System in kit form.
NldW' a
Contains all components and solder to

build complete Solid -State Electronic
CD Ignition System for your car. Assembly requires less than 3 hours.
Increases MPG 15%
Increases horsepower 15%
Plugs and Points last
Eliminates 4 of 5 tune -ups

Instant starting, any
weather
50,000 miles
Dual system switch
Fits only 12 volt neg. ground.
Only $21.95 postpala
W Star
CARD
P.O. Box 1727 Grand
PLANNING TO
label handy, print

you haue no
weeks in advance so that you

single issue of POPULAR
ELECTRONICS.
Attach old label where indicated and print
new address in space provided. Also include
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you promptly.
Write to: P.O. Box 2774, Boulder, CO 80322
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Apt
WERSI electronics, Inc.

Dept.A2, Box 5318,
Lancaster, PA 17601
POCKET COLOR/BAR GENERATOR kit, 16 patterns,
$49.95. Plans, $4.95. Workshop, Box 393PD, Bethpage,
New York 11714.
TESLA COIL
40" SPARKS! Plans $7.50. Information 75
cents. Huntington Electronics, Box 2009-P, Huntington,
Conn. 06484.
HIGH FIDELITY
City
State
Junction, Colorado 81501
Organs, Pianos,
Rhythms, PA Systems
Name-
Corporation
WEREI KITS
Strings
AFFIX OLD LABEL
If
Amherst N.H. 03031
$15.95
O. BOX 17329
Irvine, California 92713
New Phone (714) 558 -8813
4
PRODUCTS
SUPER POWERED,
19.95
19.95
19.85
P.
NO.
(212) 372 -0349.
TECHNICAL DEBUGGING
SPECIALTY CHIPS
95
95
99 50
7..wCp..x
ve,wn
Sum Ram Ilmel en
32K
3 95
3 95
3 25
4 25
XSp.c,a Fvane,..
ntCsstNx.
Unman. thou, Bo.
395
Trommon
lam 1.1.1.Nocmor
Inn
uKRm"eI5:p.,a.01.1
11
16718 Astros 29.95
MM6575 Cher pan
I.eoP.
AIC
52350 USRT 10.95
5.50
MM6574 Char ban
124.95
295.00
95
NSCNMCo
NSC
65.00
/RAN Kit
5-100 COMPATIBLE PRODUCTS
395
2
2
CMOS
125.00
595.00
145.00
195.00
215.00
145.00
ZPU Kit
6.96
16028
MM5320 TV Synch Gen

MM5369 Presmler
15915376 Cale Ship
CT5001 Calc Chip
CT7001 Clock Chip
MM5314 Clock Chip
M015316 CIOCI Chip
MM5375 Clock Chip
R032513 Lower Cate
$032513 Uppercase
Y52376 Keyboard Encoder
V53600 Keyboard Encoder
MM6571 Char gen
751.00
12500
Priority
Cromemco 2.2
Byte Saver
Bytesaver w/PROM
D10aler
D o 7A
J0.1 Joystick
81883
AY51013A
AY51015A
133.00
281.00
450.00
99.00
95.00
510 K,t
Assembled $8.95
DATA BOOKS
.Ni
PICAS
24500
IMSAI 80800 w.22
175
300
RF Modulator Model 1021
235.00
KIM16502 Kit
AMI EVK 99 Kit
NSC Scamp Kit
NSC Keyboard Kit
$1095
MM53104 Clock Driver

LM1889 Modulator
MOT ME K6800 02
Intercept JR 6100 Kit
lass Computerbook
TV KIT NO. 2 Parts less chassis $39.95

Special GI Repot Complete Came $14.95 ea.
(Rem rable-sold for 889.951
32K .
1099.95
(Note, supply contingent on 2114
lability. Allow 30 days.)
.
ONLY 616.95
PCB. Chip Instr. $2955
MM57100 NSC TV Game Chip
Satellite
AMAZING ELECTRONIC
PE,e
E
Copy
VK 99
oTm
TV KIT NO.
RECORDERS:
PLANS AND KITS
tt
AV38500.1/TM$ 1955
1V38500 (Europe Vemmnl
MAP
Photographs,
National -Local Weather Maps.
Learn How! $1.00. Atlantic Sales, 3730 Nautilus
SMO1
11607
Zip
Additional postageon foreign orders: add $3 a year for Canada, S5

a year for all other countries outside the U.S. and its possessions.
Cash onlyon foreign orders, payable in U.S. currency.
DIAMOND NEEDLES and Stereo Cartridges at Discount

prices for Shure, Pickering, Stanton, Empire, Grado and
ADC. Send for free catalog. LYLE CARTRIDGES, Dept. P,
Box 69, Kensington Station, Brooklyn, New York 11218.
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
DIGI -KEY CORPORATION

Quality Electronic Components
U1J
DON'T FORGET OUR
DISCOUNTS WHEN COMPARING PRICES
LED
{ 1--
Model BW-630
74151
741517
741513
741514
741515
741524
74152
741527
741.526
741527
28
741530
741532
741537
741538
741540
741542
741547
741548
741551
741554
751555
741573
741574
741575
741576
741378
741583
741586
.28
.18
.28
.28
29
.29
.29
.28
.28
.28
.47
1.02
.28
.28
.28
28
.33
.33
.33
.33
.33
.28
.67
.79
.77
.28
.28
28
.39
.39
.53
.39
.39
.79
.39
741590
741592
741593
7415107
7415109
7415112
7415113
7415114
7415125
7415126
7415132
7415136
7415138
7415139
7415151
7413153
7415154
7415155
7415156
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
7476
7480
7482
7483
7485
7486
7489
7490
7400 .21
7401
.21
7402 .21
7403 .21
7404
7405
7406
7407
7408
7409
7410
.21
.21
.25
.25
.25
.89
.25
.25
7492
7493
7494
7495
7496
74100
74107
74109
.21
74121
7421 .25
74122
74123
74125
74126
74132
7412
7413
7414
7416
7417
7420
7423
7425
7426
7427
7428
.35
.35
.25
.33
.28
7437 .25
7442.53
7443 .63
7445.70
7446 .70
7447.70
7448 .70
7450 .21
7453
7454
7459
7460
7470
7472
7473
7474
7475
.21
.21
.21
.21
.30
.30
.30
.30
.49
2.15
.79
2.19
4012
4013
4014
2.19
3.50
3.50
4015
4016
4017
4018
4019 .23
4020 1.14
4021 1.14
4022 .96
4023 .23
4024 .84
4025
.23
4026 1.68
4027
.40
4028
.89
4029 1.14
4030 .23
4033 1.51
4034 3.50
4035 1.14
4040 1.14
1.23
8096
8097
8098
75150
75450
75451
40
40
70
75452
75453
.67
.67
.67
1.16
.88
.61
.61
.61
.61
75454
75491
.81
75492
.84
75493 1.09
75494 1.19
82525 2.19
4000
.23
4001
.23
4002
4006
4007
4008
4249
4010
4011
.23
1.23
.23
.79
.44
.44
.23
.75
.75
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.14
1.14
1.73
1.34
1.06
.84
1.18
1.18
.86
.86
.79
NSN7B4
.79
L5248
7415249
7415253
7415257
7453258
7415266
7413283
7415290
7415293
7413365
7415366
7415367
7415368
7415386
7415670
711595
711596
711597
711598
Battery
.79
.84
.75
.75
.39
.79
.65
.65
.67
0.7"
CA
digit
digit
digit
digit
digit
display
display
display
display
diisplay
digit display
ALL LEADS BROUGHT OUT FOR EASE OF APPLICATION
were
wrapping
Di919E
03"
AcSUO
Sise
5"c
0.80'8
tool
.67
I0l
.67
.67
.39
2.34
.77
.77
.77
345
COMPLETE WITH BIT

AND SLEEVE
WIRE WRAPPING WIRE IN BULK
.77
Red or Block 30 go. KTnar
30
16
70
65
61
7413157
7415158
7415160
7413161
7415162
7415163
7415164
7415168
7415169
7415170
7415173
7415174
7415175
7413190
7413191
7413196
7415197
7413247
TTL, CMOS, LINEAR
63
35
44
.39
.73
.73
.75
.75
1.10
.75
.75
88
70
70
44
44
70
70
70
28
30
33
.81
1.23
74192
.88
74193
.88
74194
.88
.88
74195
74196
.88
74197
.88
74198 1.49
74199 1.49
74251 1.09
.55
74279
74365
.67
74366
.67
74367
.67
74368
.67
.40
8093
8094
.40
9095
.67
74151
74153
74154 103
74155
70
74156
70
74157
70
88
74160
74161
88
74162
88
74163
88
74164
96
15
74165
74166
16
74170 2 64
74173
42
98
74174
74175
93
79
74176
74177
79
74180
70
7438 .25
7440 .21
.21
44
74191
74145
74147
74148
74150
7432 .25
.7433 .30
7451
2 19
74141
7430.21
74181
74182
74184
74185
74188
74189
74190
70
89
28
7491
.21
.21
.21
.21
.21
7411
32
70
70
.57
.57
.57
.39
.39
.39
.39
.39
.49
.49
52.20/dua
52.20/dua
$2.60/dua
$2.60/dua
53.00 /duo
$3.00 /dua
NSN583 0.5" CC
NSN584 0.5" CA
NSN783 0.7" CC
PRICE BREAKTHROUGH ON 74LS'

741508
74150'
741507
741503
741504
741505
741508
741500
741510
DUAL DIGITS
NSN373 0.3" CC
NSN374 0.3" CA
HOARY MOW
.23
.79
.79
.70
4044
.70
4046 1.86
4049
.40
4050 .40
4051 1.26
4052 1.26
4053 1.26
4060 1.58
4066 .79
4071
.23
4072
4073
4075
23
.23
.23
.23
.23
4081
4082
4502
4510
4511
4514
4515
4516
4518
100' 52.00
1.68
.88
1.23
1.99
24.95
4527
4528
4585
7102-1
8080A
1.63046
1.05
2.80
2.80
1.23
1.14
184005
184006
184007
99/10
.40/10
1N4148
NE5401
NE555V
NE556A
2.04
.48
.88
NE560B
NE561B
8E5628
NE565A
8E5669
NE5670
3.83
3.83
3.83
1.25
1.28
1.36
.44
.44
.53
.60
.75
687101.4
uA711CA
uA723CA
uA733CA
uA741CV
uA747CA
uA748CV
uA7805CU
0.5r' Dies
MA1003 CAR CLOCK
5291M
0S"11.0"
11.2x'
135
Anuel Sue
NEW
FOR CAR OR BOATI
8441003 bright green Neuronal.

display offers a b,il6ance that cannot
be achieved by LED displays, a femur.
The
12 Hour Only
12 Volt DC
that sold Detroit)
Crystal Time Bose

Bright Green Digits
Assembled and Tested
18523788.20 .15511/C
1N523888.7v.15511/C
1852398 9.1v .15 511/C
185240810v.15511/C
185241811v.15811/C
N5231B 5.1v .15 511/C
1852328 5.6v .15 811 /C

18523386.06 .15511/C
18524213 12v .15 511/C
19523486.06 .15811/C
1N52359 6.8v.15511rC
185244814v.15511.0
18524513 15v.15511 C
1N52438 13v.155111C
BUY A -P PRODUCTS d BISHOP

GRAPHICS FROM DIGI -KEY
SIGNETICS ANALOG
...
MANUAL
.44
.70
.49
1.25
uA7808CU
uA7812CU
uA7815CU
uA7818CU
uA7824CU
Sete
7.5v .15 511/C
1115 236 8
u71709CV
569/M
577/M
WATT ZENER DIODES
MC14580
MC3302P
NE536T
Asttiol
554 /M
563/M
Save You Even Morel
1852268 3.3v 15 511/C

18522783.56 .15511/C
1.00
1N52288 3.9v .15 511/C
.53
N5298 4.3v .15 511/C
1.15
114523084.7v.15511/C
3.24
MC14560
0.1" WgNs
Double Digit Discounts
.88
.69
u4780650
.79
1.14
68/10
.70/10
82/10
.90/10
.75
1.25
1.80
1.28
083246
1.25
1583400-5
1.25
1583407.6
15834078
1.25
1943407-12 1.25
1.613407-15 1.25
1583407-18 1.25
1M3407-24 1.25
$49/M
851/M
852/M
5.50 /C
5.60/C
5.80/C
5.95/C
7.05/C
7.75/C
8.60/C
3.50/C
.64/10
.66/10
184001
IN4002
1N4003
N4004
LM2111 N
1M3091(
15.139008
1.M39094
1000' 515.00
500' 58,50
SILICON DIODES
1.14
4520
.40
.96
.96
40
1.05
1.05
4031
4042
4043
8. MOS
55.95
PLESSEY SAMPLER
An
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
Assonmern ur Meou :eh palyesre,
(uyosnors
$26.00
300 Caps 18 Values
LED
LAMPS
NS15056 T-1
$15/C
$15/C
18
18
N515053 1-1
t.
Actual
.3" MOM
SEFB
1.75"x3.05'
MA1003
$24.95
RADIAL ELECTROLYTICS
ABOUT OUR CLOCKS

The
MAIW2 und MA1010 series
dus
47/50V...08
modules by National Semisorduc.
display
Tor ore fully assembled and tested docks using a 4 digit LED
an the safre board. Simply connect
and an MOS lntegrared ci
mural
aches and our

clock
00,110rme, and you haie
a fully
lumbmr4
MA1003 clock module is a fully asun66d and retied 17 hour

clack wog a high billiome green flaneuent display and crystal
It
time
me base making n perfect far car. boot or ogler portable use.
directly from 12 rolls DC so no transformer is needed. Ur,
price unloies three push button swbcbes for setting the time
The
MA1002A
5"
MA1002A
SET
MA1002C
s-
Module rich lransfamCr s bombes

LED 24
MAIOO2C SET
MA1003
Car Clack
12
34f
MA1010A
e4''
MA1010A
SET
MA1010C
84"
MAI002C
12
Hour AM -PM
24 Hour
SPECIAL TRANSFORMER A SWITCHES
$10.50
$10.50
$3.45
LED 12
$10.50
$13.95
$10.50
Hour Clack Module
Moda6 with Transformer 4 Switches
MA1010C SET
MA 1002A
Nwr 0M-PIE Click Module
180 12
with Switches
Naar M4PM Clock Module
$13.95
$24.95
$13.00
Mote.:. Transformer aswPshes.$16.45

LED 24
Now Clock Module
Modale with Transformer a switches
$13.00
$16.45
I/50V
....08
2.2/509...08
3.3/509...08
4.7/359...08
4.7/500...08
10/169
10/250
10/509
22/16V
22I255
...08
...08
.
.10
...08
...09
..
4.7/355
4.7/509
..
..
..
..
4.7/250..
10/250...
10/509.
6101
0.841E
High Digits
84.00
85.00
53.00
53.00
54.00
53.00
84.00
53.00
53.00
54.00
83.25
55.95
CMOS 74C 256 p
Of
Memory IC's 592 p

Interface IC's 464 p
Volt. Regs. 128 p
432 P
Linear Appl.
1
Linear Appl. 2 246 p

Audio 196 P
MOS/151 ICE 713 p
CMOS 4000 278 p
Analog Manual 637 p
SLIDE SWITCHES
SPOT
15
1.20/10
SPOT
DPDT
19
1.7010
200/10
23
10.00 /C
13.00/C
19.00/C
STRANDED HOOK UP WIRE

20 go PVC.. 2.50/100' 10.00 /500'
22 go PVC.. 2.80/100' 11.25/500'
=USSA
Actual
OSI1.151'0.15"
she..
12
Hour AM -PM
24 Hour
SPECIAL TRANSFORMER A SWITCHES
AUGUST 1977
PVC.. 2.10/100'
PVC.. 2.10/100'
SO
$13.00
$13.00
WE STOCK A WIDE VARIETY OF
$3.45
MANY SPECIALLY PRICED BARGAINS!
PARTS NOT IN THIS AD PLUS
CIRCLE
NO.
14
ON
FREE
8.50 /500'
8.50 /500'
VOLT DISCS
pf
pf
pf
uf
.0022 uf
.0047 uf
01 uf
.022 uf
.047 uf
.1 uf
100
220
470
.001
SEND FOR OUR FREE CATALOG

MA1010A
MA1010C
24 go
26 go
INFORMATION
40/10 3.50/C
40/10 3.50/C
40/10 3.50/C
40/10 3.50/C
40/10 3.50/C
40/10 3.50/C
45/10 3.65/C
50/10 4.00/C
70/10 5.60/C
35/10 11.SO:C
CARD
11
11
12
12
11
12
12
12
14
22/165...12
22/259... 13
22/500... 17
33/160... 12
330/250..23
1.00/10
.75/10
.77/10
100/6.30..09
100/10V.. 10
100/169 ..11
470/108 ..
470/25V .. 29
1000/10V 24
1000 /161/
.85/10
100/259.. 13
100/500.. 21
220/109..13
220/165 ...15
220/250.. 21
220/509.. 29
330/100.. 15
330/16V.. 21
1.86/10
1.71/10
1.81/10
2.35/10
1.96/10
2.35/10
3.33/10
3.33/10
4.30/10
4.67/10
7.14/10
21
470/160..23
1.10/10
1.71/10
1.08/10
1.16/10
1.71/10
2.35/10
1.16/10
1.66/10
1000/259.42
2200/100
42
2200/169.54
2200/259
58
3300/169.89
.90/10
.90/10
.95/10
1.00/10
.90/10
.95/10
1.01/10
1.00/10
1.15/10
1.00/10
1.05/10
1.32/10
1.00/10
33/250...
33/500...
47/169...
47/259...
47/500...
330/169.. 29 2.35/10
330/259..32 2.54/10
470/169..32 2.55/10
1.15/10
1.52/10
1.15/10
1.30/10
1.17/10
1.13/10
1.30/10
1.55/10
2.30/10
1.42/10
1.55/10
2.35/10
3.23/10
1.16/10
14
19
14
17
21
100/100..
14
100 /16V.. 17
100/259.. 20
100 /500..
220/100.. 18
220/16V.. 20
220/251.. 29
220/500.. 40
330/109..14
470/25V ..
1000/109 .
1000/16V .
1000/259 .
2200/100 .
2200/160 .
2200/250 .
3.00/10
2.65/10
3.15/10
4.50/10
3.96/10
4.95/10
6.36/10
7.63/10
8.70/10
37
33
39
56
50
62
79
3300/165.95
4700/1601.09
10000/1001.15
9.19/10
WIRE- WRAPPING TOOL
55.95
Wraps, Unwraps A
Strips 30 ga. Wire
DATA BOOKS
p
22/50V...12
AXIAL ELECTROLYTICS
.47/10V
1 /30V
.
3.3/35V
3.3/50V
Double Digit Discounts Save You Even More!

TTl IC's 595 p
Linear IC's 957
.65/10
.65/10
.65/10
.65/10
.65/10
.68/10
.65/10
.65/10
.75/10
.67/10
.70/10
7.20;M
1/2 Screw .99 /C 7.651M

4.40 1/4 Screw .55 /C 3.601M
440 1/2 Screw .60/C 4.051M
6-32 1/4 Screw .65/C 4.401M
632 1/2 Screw .75/C 4.85/M
8.32 3/8 Screw .90/C
5.057M
.99/C 7.001M
8 -32 5/8 Screw
2 -56 Hex Nut
.55/C 3.607M
4.40 Hex Not
.55/C
3.75,M
6-32 Hex Not
.60 /C 4.907M
4.15,M
3-32 Hex Not
.60 /C
2 -56
sr... cord
.24
.26
.30
.60
28 Pin W-W
40 Pin W-W
.96
1.12
.92
DOUBLE -DIGIT DISCOUNT SCHEDULE
HARDWARE
LM for Iwo NN,

.1111..4.''
"Only
3.60/10
4.25/10
6.00/10
2.30/10
2.50/10
2.85/10
5.70/10
9.10/10
10.00/10
8.75/10
2.75110
.63
18 Pin W-W
24 Pin W-W
ohm thru 1.0 megohm
No. 2 Lackwasher .85/C

No. 4 Lakwasher .45/C
No. 6 Lackwacher .45/C
No. 8 Lakwasher .45 /C
24 Pin Solder .38

28 Pin Solder .45
40 Pit Solder
8 Pin W -W
14 Pin W-W
16 Pin W-W
Sc euch in multiples of 5 per ante

51.70/100 8 812.0011000 of some value
256 1/4 Screw .99 /C
1.60/10
1.90/10
2.10/10
.9
1/4 & '/2 WATT 5%

CARBON FILM RESISTORS
8 Pin Solder .17

14 Pin Solder .20
16 Pin Solder .22
18 Pin Solder
Dino
Olen*
r.r
NH
5100.W-815999
Less 15.
550.05599959
Less 20
81030.0 B
Less
0.524 99
825.9919999
Less
104
Then Add the sra
Up
25,
Charge Below
STANDARD SHIPPING /HANDLING CHARGE

N
s
ye..
"
e.rl
0.00.1 4.W
S.00-52499
575.00-549.99.
!WS Se
cow I.M1.m
50.899.99
odd
11.0
AS
SO 75
1100.0 8
3.00/M
3.00/M
WS
No
up
SO
IS
Crurge
add 50.50
I.cl.4.. drips{, and ico.com to
5.75/M
3.00 /M
555
N.
COD ORDERS ACCEPTED FOR SAME DAY
SHIPMENT
Quality
00449 FORGET
a.r:.
l4Jcolle.
17
CALL 218-681.6674
pun vu f.. "llIEP'
TO APPLY DISCOUNT SCHEDULE
DIGI -KEY CORPORATION

Box 677, Thief River Falls, MN 56701
218-681 -6674
105
BopU2L E T Eo
ECs
WANTED
BURGLAR ALARMS
GOLD, Silver, Platinum, Mercury wanted- Highest prices

paid by refinery. Ores assayed. Free circular. Mercury
Terminal, Norwood, MA 02062.
DIALING UNIT automatically calls police. $29.95. Free

security equipment catalog. S &S Systems, 5619 -C St.
John, Kansas Cty, MO 64123. (816) 483-4812.
AUTO ALARM. Loud, Effective, easy to build. Plans $5.00.
D.E. Gilbert, P.O. Box 34848, Houston, TX 77034.
DALLAS, TEXAS 75219
THE MK -05 MINI MOBILE is a compact 6 digit DC clock with a

quartz xtal timebase and alarm capability. The readout is a magnified .125" LED calculator readout. Kit comes complete with
.dl components, PC board and instructions. 12 hour format
only. Do not be fooled by our low price, this is a quality timepiece with voltage and noise suppression. 21/2 X 21/2 X i'v $12.95
TUBES
Own the most unique electronic clock on the market! The MG-01
MINI GRANDFATHER has a swinging pendulum, matching
ick-tock sound, and a pleasant bell -like chime that is adjustable
in pitch, volume and sustain. The chime sounds and counts the
lours lie: 3 times for 3 o'clock). Kit comes complete with 2
slated and drilled PC boards (6.5"x4.5 "), 7 CMOS integrated
,:ircu its and a 40 pin clock IC. Also included are switches, speaker,
,right 4 digit .5" LED display with colon and all nec-
TUBES receiving, factory boxed, low prices, free price list.

Transletercnic, Inc., 1365 39th Street, Brooklyn, N.Y.
essary electronic components.

$39.95 Kit (less case)
Beautiful solid wood case over 8" tall custom cut for the MG -01
with ruby front filter and drilled rear panel. Available in WALNUT
or ASH (p/ease specify).
$18.95 finished, shipped unassembled
MANUALS for Govt Surplus radios, test sets, scopes. List

50 cents (coin). Books, 7218 Roanne Drive, Washington,
11218A, Telephone: 212-633 -2800.
D.C. 20021.
"Oldies ", Latest. Supplies, components, schematics. Catalog Free (stamp appreciated). Steinmetz, 7519TUBES:
OUR CUSTOMERS WRITE ABOUT OUR CDI KIT:
GOVERNMENT SURPLUS. Buy in your Area. How, where.

Send $2.00. Surplus, 30177 -PE Headquarters Building,
Washington, D.C. 20014.
Malewood, Hammond, Ind. 48324.
PE
"..great kit."
"..unbelievable value ", "..good design!"
".. fantastic kit and service. Send three more."

The CDI kit is all these things and more. Get in on a one -time
GOVERNMENT SURPLUS
RADIO & T.V. Tubes -36 cents each. Send for free
Catalog. Cornell, 4213 University, San Diego, Calif. 92105.
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING ORDER FORM
Pease refer to heading on first page of this section

fcr complete data concerning terms, frequency discounts, closing dates, etc. WORD COUNT: 15
WORD MINIMUM. Include name and address.
deal.
Complete electronics.
$9.95
Requires heatsink not included) also works for voltage source
or high intensity strobe.
MK -03 AIRCRAFT/CLOCK TIMER KIT.
You don't have to be a pilot to need the MK -03. If you want
3 mobile clock that offers: six .4" LED readouts, 24 hour real
rime readout, 24 elapsed time readout, alarm, snooze, display
3lanking. Timer and clock share same set of readouts but are
totally independent of each other. Timer has reset and freeze
feature. Many other options are available. Sold less case and
switches because of the various mountings and options available.
$26.95/complete electronics and boards less switches and case.
AUTOMATIC TIME-OUT CIRCUIT for ultrasonic or mechanical

switch alarms. Provides a five second entry delay. Sounds alarm
for one minute, then re -arms itself. Requires 6- 15VDC.
$3.95
INFORMATION
8
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
CAARGE: for
insertions.
111u will be billed monthly.
19
20
21
A.:ccunt
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
CITY
EXPANDABLE F8 CPU BOARD KIT

$99.00
featuring Fairbug P511.1 K-of static ram, RS 232
interface, documentation, 64 BYTE register
CD4026
$1.25 CD4046
$2.20
2N3820PFET
4K BASIC FOR FAIRBUG F8

$25.00
on paper tape
NEW COMPUTER INTERFACE

Kit allows you to interface serial TTL to
RS 232 and RS 232 to TTL. Four of these are
supplied with kit, you can run up to four de.
vices on one TTL or four separate TTL to
RS 232 devices. Typical use: you can use your
computer ports to run an RS 232 printer, video
terminal and two other RS 232 devices at
once, without constantly connecting and disconnecting your terminals. Example: out
store to printer-voltage requirement +5V and
+5V or 12V depending on your RS 232
device. We supply
board, connectors, documentation and components. Sorry, we do not
supply case or power supply
$49.00
H
ONDUCTOF
SPECTRA
LAT CABLE
10151.50
100' /513.50
$ .45
$
2N-5457 N FET
2N2646
ER 900 TRIGGER DIODES
2N'6028 PROG. UJT
.
MINIATURE
.45
.......4/ $1.00
...
$ .45
DIP SOCKETS
8 PIN
14 PIN
16 PIN
18 PIN
-.22 24 PIN -.40

-.2528 PIN -.50
-.2840 PIN- .60
-.30
030 WIRE
WRAP WIRE
SINGLE
STRAND
65
MULTI-TURN TRIM POTS
100, 500, 1K,2K,5K,1OK 25K,50K,100K,

200K,50OK 1 Meg. $.75 each
3/52.00
MULTI -TURN TRIM POTS Similar to Bourns
3010 style 3/16 "x5 /8 "z1 114'. 50, 100.
1K 10K. 50K ohms
$1.50 ea.
.3/54.00
VERIPAX PC BOARD
This board is a 1 /16" single soled paper epoxy
board. 4' 'x6' -, DRILLEC and ETCHED
which Will hold up to 21 single 14 pin IC's
or 8. 16. or LSI DIP ICs .with busses for
power supply connector,
$4.00
MV 5691 YELLOW-GREEN
BIPOLAR LED
$ .90
FP 100 PHOTO TRANS
S .50
RED, YELLOW, GREEN or AMBER
LARGE LED's
6 /$1.00
1L-5 IMCT -21
$ 75
MOLEX PINS
100/51.00
10001$8.00
10 WATT ZENERS 3.9, 4.7, 5.6, 8.2,
12,15,18,22.100,150 or 200V ea. $ .60
WATT ZENERS 4.7, 5.6,10, 12, 15
18 or 22V
ea.$ .25
MC6860 MODEM CHIP
$9.95
PRV
100
200
400
600
800
2522 STATIC SHIFT RE6.

2513 CHARACTER GEN
2518 -HEX 32 BIT SR
2102-1 1024 BT RAM
5280.41( DYNAMIC RAM
MM5202A UV PROM
MM5203 UV PROM
1702A UV PROM
5204 -4K PROM
95
9.95
350
1.29
s 4.75
S 6 95
S 6 95
S
1000
74007401740274037404740574067407740874097410741174127413741474167417-
45
$1095
LED READOUTS
FND 359 C.C..4" S .50 HP 7740.3" C.C.
FND 70 C.C. -4" $ .55 MAN -7 -.3" C.A.
FND 503 C.C. .5" $ .85 NS 33-3 dig. array
FND 510 C.A. .5" $ .85
A .6"
-
Include Postage, Minimum

i Order $5.00, COD'S $20.00
.15
.20
.30
.35
.50
.70
.90
1.10
.80
370
1.15
4.25
6.50
8.50
10.50
12.50
1.40
1.80
2.30
2.75
2'<'.
$1.25
S .95
$ .75
1
340K-5,12,15
723
LM 376
or 24V
$ 85
340T-5, 6, 8, 12
15,18 or 24V$1.10
78 MG
$1 35
79 MG
$1 35
25! for our catalog featuring

Transistors and Rectifiers
L nrhridge, Mass.
Send
145 Hampshire St.,
e"'
Diners
#
Date
(4 digits above name)
SIGNATURE MUST BE PROVIDED BELOW.
Full Wave Bridges
t.50
3/5 1.00
.70
5/S 1.00
S
.70
5/S 1.00
5/S 190
S
.50
$ .55
5/S 1.00
3/S 1.00
.
.
TTL IC SERIES
.15
.65
.65
.65
.15
.29
.29
.29
.45
.30
.35
.62
.87
.30
1.85
.42
.58
.43
.45
.70
.65
.66
.28
.33
.65
74125- .40
74126- .40
74132- .67
7445744674477448745074727473747474757476748074837485748674897490749174927493749474957496741077412174123-
74150- .90
74151- .60
74153- .60
74154- .95
74155- .70
74157- .58
74161- .85
74163- .80
74164- .95
74165- .95
74173- 1.20
74180
7418174190741917419274193741947419574257
7427975324- 1.75
75491- .65
75492
.65
--
DB25S female
SPST switches
-$3.95
53
ON
FREE
74L500
74L502
745504
74L508
74t510
741_5153
741_5155
7415157
7415160
7415161
7415152
74L5163
7415168
7415169
7415173
.27
.23
$ 7.95
515.95
527.95
95
74L542
.88
.40
.40
.40
741.573
74L574
741576
741592
as
as
741.593
.65
741_590
LINEAR
CIRCUITS
.93
1.40
.98
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.10
1.10
LM 308
LM 311
LM 318
LM 319
LM 324
LM 339
LM 370
LM 377
LM 380
1-39
LM 381
LM 382
741_5174
195
7415175
1.22
1.50
1.50
1.75
1.75
1.25
.99
.99
1.35
1.38
.38
.66
.66
741_5190
J4LS191
741_5192
.33
.37
.37
.49
74-590
7415193
7415195
7415196
7415197
7415257
7415258
7415266
74LS365
74L5366
.66
7415367
7415109
.50
.66
741_5368
7415112 -- .43
7415390
2.20
7415113
43
7415114
.43
LINEAR
7415132 - .80
CIRCUITS
7415138
72
7415139
.72 LM 101
-.75
7415145
1.15 LM 3011748 - .31
741_5151 - .98 LM 307
- .30
LM
LM
LM
LM
537
553
555
556
560
565
566
567
703
709
710
.95
95
.35
.95
.05
.10
1.15
2.50
.95
1.25
1.25
2.50
2.50
.44
.a5
2.00
1.10
1.50
1.50
.90
25
.35
741 C or V
-'35
.31
747
0.11310
2.50
i5
CA 3046
39A
COU7
8038CC
65
.
.75
.95
49
3.90
16
TRIACS
5195
ALCO MINIATURE TOGGLE SWITCHES

MTA 106 SPDT
$1 20
$1 70
MTA 206 DPDT
CARD
74 L
SERI
.23
.23
.28
.23
.23
.23
.50
.23
.23
.23
741_574
200
400
600
INFORMATION
741.532
741.537
741.538
T-00
P.O. BOX 74A

SOM ERV I L LE, MASS. 02143 TEL. (617) 547-4005
NO.
WATTS
WATTS
WATTS
74LS
SERIES
5.8v SPST Miniature reed, relay., normally

open, 330 Ohm cod resistance. $.75, 3/52.00
SOLID STATE SALES
CIRCLE
le
2.90
3.00
4.00
.22UF 35V 5/$1.00

6.8UF 35V 3/51.00
.47UF 35V 5.51.00
22UF 35V
S .40
.63UF 35V 5'51.00
30UF 6V
5/$1.00
40
tUF 35V 5'51.00
S
33UF 35V
47UF 20V
$ .35
2.20uF 20V5 51.00
3.3UF 35V 4.51.00
68 UF 15V
$ .50
5 .25
4.7UF 15V 5/51.00
10 UF 25V
M /001 ALARM CLOCK CHIP.
55.75
741_530
7417674177-
25A
TANTULUM CAPACITORS
74.175-
.82
.75
.75
.65
1.90
1.00
1.00
.83
.83
.85
.52
1.25
.87
6A
1.25
1.50
1.75
SANKEN AUDIO POWER AMPS
Si 1010 G 10
Si 1020 G 20
St 1050 G 50
74174- .95
DIP package.
$3.25
DB 25P male
2A
.75
.95
1.20
745511
745513
74L520
74L521
741522
741527
MINIATURE DIP SWITCHES

CTS -205.4 Four SPOT switches
in one m,nidip package
51 -75
'05.8 Eight
PRV
200
400
690
dlanener
309K
RS232
CONNECTORS
.17
.14
.20
-20
7427- .25
7430- .14
7432- 25
7437- 21
7438- 21
7440- 14
7441- 70
7442- 40
AV at 500 ma. $4.00 /.2V arc 200 mils $2.00

REGULATORS
.95
.50
$ .60
320K.5 or 15V $1.40
3207.5,12,15
or 24V
$ .85
.14
.14
.14
.14
.18
.18
.25
.25
.18
.39
.63
.25
.25
7420- .14
7425- .25
7426- .22
SILICON SOLAR CELLS
4.95
AY- -1013 UART

$ 6.95
LIGHT ACTIVATED SCR
TO 18.200V lA
S 1.75
IN 4148 1109141
15/51.00
MCA 81 OPTICAL LIMIT .SWITCH S1.50
Temes: FOB Cambridge, Mass.

Send Check or Money Order
.11
.14
.20
.25
.30
.35
Silicon Power Rectifiers

lA
3A
12A
25A
50A
.06
.07
.09
.....
loo -/S1 no
$24.95
BAC
71P
2613919 NPN Si TO-3 RF

MPSA 13 NPN Si T0-92
2N3767 NPN Si TO-66
2N2222 NPN Si TO-18
203055 NPN Si TO-3
2N3904 NPN S, TO-92
2N3906 PNP S, T0-92
205296 NPN Si TO-220
206109 PNP S1 70-220.
203638 PNP SI TO -5
20651 7 NPN TO 92 So
2/08 -8K EPROM
106
'
MC
TRANSISTOR SPECIALS
BOARD KIT
insertions.
Master Charge Interbank
2N3585 NPN Si TO-66

5
.95
2N3772 NPN Si 70.3
S 1.60
204564. PNP CE.
S
.75
204908 PNP S, T03
1.00
S
206056 NPN Si T03 Daolington
S 1.70
205086 PNP Si TO-92
4/S 1.00
2144898 PNP T0-66
$
.60
20404 PNP GE TO-5
5/S 190
WATT LD -65 LASER DIODE I R sass
AmEs
PE-877
IIIIIIM540BEN= =f.=====411141111ti11MINBIMt..I.tfJ
4.1/2" z6-112" SINGLE SIDED EPDXY

BOARD 1/ 16' 1hn;k, unetched
5/52.60
$:60 ea.
7
E, :piration
STATE
PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD
32-2102 -1 fully buffered, 16 address lines, on

board decoding for any 4 of 64 pages, standard
44 pin buss.
Payment of S
enclosed for
SIGNATURE
CARD
UNIVERSAL 4K x 8 MEMORY
BOARD KIT
$74.50
$2.25 (Commercial Rate)

$1.35 (Reader Rate)
$3.35 (Expand -Ad Rate)
ADDRESS
Orders under $10. add 60c handling

Repair service available
Accepting phone orders on Master Charge and Bankamericard.
FREE
PRINT NAME
TERMS: NO COD's ' Send check or M.O. ' Add 5% postage

Tx. Residents add 5% sales tax Foreign add 10% (20% airmail)
ON
10
'
Words
10
ULTRASONICSENDER- RECEIVER KIT
NO.
A special buy on a high quality ultrasonic transducer allows us to

offer this kit at a super price
but hurry, quantities are limited!
You can build intrusion alarms, motion detectors, remote
_ontrols, echo ranging or liquid level measurement equipment.
We supply the basic transmitter and receiver electronics including a drilled and plated PC board. The units work at 23KHZ
with a range of 20 ft. and can be positioned opposite each other
or side-by-side and bounced off a solid surface. The output will
sink up to 300ma to drive a relay, alarm circuit, etc.
ORDER US-01
$19.95
CIRCLE
SCR'S
1A
10A
25A
1.5A
6A 35A
.40
.70
1.10
1.70
.70
1.10
1.60
1.30
1.75
2.60
3.60
.40
.60
1.00
50 1.20
70 1.60
1.20 2.20
2.
WE SHIP OVER 95%

OF OUR ORDERS THE
DAY WE RECEIVE THEM
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
7401
7402
7404
7405
7406
7407
7408
7409
7410
7442
7448
7450
24
45
7453
7454
7460
7472
7473
7474
7475
7482
7483
7485
7486
7489
7490
20
30
85
43
43
21
50
43
37
33
26
7425
7427
7428
7430
7432
7437
7438
7440
7441
7497
7492
7493
7494
7495
7496
74100
74107
31
47
40
21
10
08
15
74121
74722
74723
74125
74126
26
27
27
7451
45
25
25
7471
7413
7416
7417
7420
7422
21
21
21
21
22
39
45
45
80
1
1
2
1
75
15
12
81
74161
74164
74165
74166
74174
74175
74180
74181
74191
74195
74197
74298
45
49
69
20
82
82
91
91
91
1
25
49
45
65
65
70
1
1
3
1
1
t
1
95
95
05
55
50
00
00
30
40224E
40234E
40244E
40254E
40264E
40284E
40294E
40304E
40374E
40404E
40444E
40474E
40494E
40504E
29
29
29
58
58
29
29
52
25
65
10
65
1
1
I
2
50
90
00
75
50
120
29
50
35
290
150
1
240
150
275
75
75
48
25
125
125
25
12 50
12 50
MC1352P
105
MCI406CP
395
MC 14681
MC1469R
90
250
800
450
MC1510G
MC1514L
MC1550G
MC1558
MC1595L
MC1596G
MC1723CG
65
4 50
55
MC 10371
149
160
MC1741CG
MC1804P
MC1806P
MC1810P
MC20531
MC3004L
MC3006P
MC3007P
MC3021L
MC3021P
MC30601
MC30621
MC4024P
MC14501CP
MC14502CP
MC14507CP
MC14510CP
MC14511CP
MC14512CP
MC14519CG
MC14528CP
MC4044P
150
MC725P
MC740L
MC790P
MC832P
MC10041
MC1008L
MCIOtOL
MC1011L
MC10361
MOS
40014E
4002AE
40074E
40094E
40704E
40114E
40124E
40134E
40154E
40164E
40184E
40194E
40204E
40214E
180
54L504 100
74732 300
74141
15
74150
lo
74151
25
74153
35
74154
25
74155
21
74157
30
47
5475
5486
5493
54100
5400 I 00
5404 125
5410
00
5426 125
50
5473
55
49
05
60
150
437
625
331
125
74L00
33
74L10
33
74L30
33
74L42 150
74L86
69
74LS00 39
74LS113
98
74LS138 189
741S174 250
74LS386 5 50
74S153 2 25
745387 195
45
39
39
39
65
65
74L SO4
741510
74LS20
74LS51
74LS74
7415112
BC184L
CA3001
CA3005
CA3006
CA3018
CA3018A
CA3026
CA3035
C43039
CA3058
CK707P
C5134J
C5135J
C5136
74H00 TTL
74H00 33
r4H01 33
74H04
74H11
74H20
74H21
74H30
74H40
33
35
33
74H05
74H10
74H53
74H55
74H73
74H74
74H76
33
33
33
33
33
39
39
59
59
60
35
195
LM309K
70
LM351AN
40
LM741CP
LM1458M
65
MFC9020 1 15
MR995A 105
MSC9967P1 50
95558
55
N8598B
500
90
NESSSV
45
PA771131
PL994551
RC14370B
SC9962P
SC9966P
SN15830N
60
75
80
1
10
60
160
215
245
15
20
25
50
35
1
1
IC31GE1
LM301AN
45
45
45
35
70
25
50
41
LEADS
15
15
15
15
15
AxAL LEADS
NO POLARITY
QUANTITY
PRICING 5 -25
e54473
75 2SC291
2SA483
195 2SC292
254489
254490
2
80
30 -95
05
07
15
15
15
22
47
20
51
15
100
150
220
240
10
4 7K
270
300
330
470
510
820
910
22K
82K
560
680
750
2 7K
3 3K
3 9K
10K
15K
22K
OK
58
Transistor
Diode Pac
100 -495
20
20
60
65
SA50S
SO
2SA628
65
85
2 75
85
254643
254647
25,4673
2 SA679
3 75
25C371
2SC372
25C394
25C458
2SC460
2SC478
70 2SC535
70 2SC536
70 2SC537
2S 654
2513152
250173
256175
2S8178
2SB186
258187
256235
258303
258324
2SB337
256367
256370
256405
258407
2S6415
256461
258463
25E1471
238474
259476
256481
256492
225 2SC563
450 2SC607
55 2SC614
55 2SC615
100 2SC616
60 2SC617
60 2SC620
700 2SC627
65 2SC642
100 25C643
2 10 25C644
160 25C681
65 2SC684
85 2SC687
165 25C696
85 25C699
125 25C710
165 2SC711
175 2SC712
150 2SC713
125 25C731
210 25C732
I
25E1495
256507
5 1K
6 81(
7
5K
Pac
Resistor Pac
Mos Fet Pac
SCR Pea
27K
33K
47K
100K
330K
2513511
2SB531
256556
258135
3
3
50 25C762
95 2SC773
49229
AN234
AN239
65
00
20
474241
2
I
31
18
2
3
82
240
276
192
94
174
4
30
6 35
5 75
3
650
320
4
4
90
85
85
147061P
So
TA7076P
6 50
340
480
405
134511
134521
350
395
M5155
8741158
6 30
STK011
STKO15
ST1(025
10 50
6 50
12 50
ST8032
1420
95
90
14-149P
TA7063P
350 147074P
144051P 465 TA7075P
AN2778
AN288
49328
94343
747055P
600 147060P
5
1NAK10S
103080
L03120
LD3141
MSI12
540
M5t15PR 4 80
285
540
50613
305
10M
75
75
75
70
70
70
70
70
80
t85
175
2 50
1
10
160
50
80
25
75
65
70
2 50
1.25
1
80
390
4 15
425
80
75
3 50
1
375
2
70
50
2 10
250
300
4 75
70
70
70
70
300
70
70
70
70
70
4 00 25C1213
4 00 2SC1226A
2SC778
2SC781
3 00 2SC1237
100 25C1239
2SC783
70 25C1243
25C784
00 2SC1293
2SC785
100 2SCI306
2SC789
2 50 2SC1307
2SC793
3 15 2SC1308
2SC796
2 50 2SC1317
2SC797
2SC798
3 10 2SC1318
4 25 2SC1325
2SC799
2SC802
3 75 25C1327
4 00 25C1338
2SC803
75 25C1346
2SC815
75 2SC1347
25C828
75 25C1364
2SC829
160 2SC1377
25C830
70 2SC1383
2SC838
2SC839
85 25C1384
2SC922
55 25C1409
70 2SC1110
2SC929
25C930
65 2SC1447
25C938
65 25C1448
25C943
50 25C1449
65 2SC1475
2SC945
25C959
315 25C1507
25C960
275 2SC1509
25C984
50 2SC1569
4 90 2SC1674
2SC996
2SC1010
80 25C1675
2SC1012
80 25C1678
2SC1013
50 2SC1679
50 2SC1756
2SC1014
2SC1017 150 25C1760
50 25C1816
2SC1018
2SC1030 4 75 2SC1908
2SC1051 250 2SC1909
75 2SC1957
2SC1060
65 2SC1973
2SC1061
2SC1069 350 2SC1974
2SC1079 3 75 2SC1975
2SC1080 3 75 2SC2028
25C1096 1.20 2SC2029
2SC1098 115 2SC2074
1
1931
50 1478005M 2 50
195
185 TA78005P
1478012M 2 50
t 95
4]C 1478012P
2 50
2 25 1878015M
195
490 TA78015P
490 TC9100P 1200
5
2 25
55 UPC16C
UPC20C
2 90
515 UPC41C
325 UPC48C
220 UPC554C
2 20
300 2SC1167
1
90 2SC1170
85 2SC11726
80
80
I 50
5 50
75
85
25
1
125
125
1
UPC563H2
25
25
75
75
1
1
1
550
125
275
215
4.50
4 10
4 55
UPC1020H
70
MM3003
9 45
1200
MICROPROCESSOR CHIPS
14048
1702A
2101
M84200
MM5013
8008
8080A
2102
2 50
3 25
19 95
C2708
95 00
6 95
047024 1995
P -11
4096.1 Bit Dvmanic Ram
50 2SK33
4.90 25841
4
90 35822Y
10
75 391015
200
25065
400 25068
75
70
25
25
2SD72
33840
300 35849
2S045
2N443
2N456
110
75
2
1
50
25
95
25
95
3 25
80
5 70
75
75
90
100
4004
4005
40080
40081
40082
9 95
4 50
4 25
PACE /PATHCOM PART 8'S

130079
S2 99
1300821
Si 99
13-0122
83-0005
83.0007
83-0008
83.0015
IP20-0005
IP20-0016
IP20-0034
IP20-0037
IP20.0045
IP20-0073
IP20-0093
E3 50
SI 50
E0 99
$4 00
00
65
75
P20-0123 2 75
P20-0131 2 50
200
20-0142 3 00
43
P20.0139
P20-0154 6 00
P20-0155 2 50
P20.0161 1 00
P20-0177 2 75
P20.0176 2 85
72
P20-0191
4
1
2 50
2 00
3 00
3 00
40
85
85
2 00
2 75
2 50
P
P
20-0141
00
90
105
150
75
250
130
295014
300
2815084
2/4555
2146524
45
75
125
2N1300
291301
2N1302
2N1303
291301
291305
60
25
30
90
95
95
00
10
125
70
125
75
2N1306
2N1307
2N1308
135
2141309
90
291552
291554
291557
75
50
3 25
1
25
40
100
135
00
2.85
2
3 80
4 25
4 75
25
25
32
40
2N2894
2N2903 3 30
25
2N2904
30
21429044
25
2N2905
2N1560
2141605
35
90
2N1613
2N1711
30
30
2141907
4 10
2N2060
2N2102
1.85
40
297184
297204
100
280
25
75
214711
2971113
25
30
50
2N2221A
2N2222
2N2222A
2N2223
2N2270
2N2323
2N2324
2N2325
2N2326
2N2327
2N2328
2N2329
2N2368
2N2369
2N2484
2842712
6 00
2N718
25
30
25
30
25
30
25
30
21422184
2142219
2N2219A
2N2221
115
2N677
2N706
2N706B
110
292218
18
2929064
2N2907
2929074
2142913
2142914
2N29168
2N3019
293053
2N3054
2N3055
2N3227
2N3247
293250
2N3375
293393
2N3394
2N3414
2N3415
2N3416
293117
2N3442
2N3553
2N3563
2143565
2N3638
14
2 50
3 75
2942204
30
25
30
75
2813646
2743730
2N3731
00
2144401
120
2N3771
2N3772
2N3773
175
2N4402
2N4403
293819
40
2N3823
70
20
365
50
30
70
75
1.00
293740
90
300
293856
293866
85
50
2N3903
2N3904
16
16
6.S0
2143905
16
20
17
2N3906
16
17
18
19
2N3954
2N3954A
3.40
20
1.85
1S0
20
20
2N3642
20
20
2929054
30
2143643
20
2142906
25
2N3645
.20
2143925
293955
2N3957
2N4036
2N4037
2N4093
2N4124
2N4126
294141
2N4142
2N4143
3
3
75
50
3 75
2.45
125
75
60
85
16
16
20
45
95
294234
2N4400
16
16
16
20
16
16
2744409
2144410
2714416
2145061
2/45064
2145130
2145133
2N5138
2N5198
2N5294
75
30
50
20
15
15
37S
50
50
2145296
20
2N5306
2N5354
2N5389
2N5400
2N5401
20
20
40
50
35
30
25
50
2745457
2N5458
C1031
C108B1
20
20
300
J5P7001
MRF8004
MPS8000
MPS8001
MPSU02
MPSU31
SK3047
SK3048
SK3049
SK3051
3 25
19 95
29 95
1024 Bo 1256.41 Static C -Mos Ram

C5101.3
4 Bit Latch 4 to 16 Late Decoder
MC14514
CALL OR WRITE FOR FURTHER INFORMATION.
SPEC S AVAILABLE
175
115
120
2939813
214404
250300
250313
250315
250316
250317
250318
250325
250311
250350
250352
250380
250389
250390
25830
5 50
5 50
690 UPC1025
625
DN838INEWI
75
SN76002 195
SN76001
PLI -024 MIDLAND PHASE LOCK LOOP
225
293274
3 50
125
SILICON
UNIJUNCTIONS
3 25
75
3
00
125
1
25
50
00
3 75
3.25
4 75
t 25
2N2160
2N2646
2N2647
65 MU4892
45 MU4893
55 M4894
2814851
75 2N6027
75 2N6028
2N4852
2N4870
294871
MU4891
50
50
50
D5E37
MUlO
MU20
HARDWARE
50
50
50
55
70
35
35
40
475 25819
1_50
00
185 UPC575C
50
2911/2
175
293384
95
4 75
00
2 50
1
130 2SCF8
150 2SCF6
125 HEPS3001
1
225
410
UPC1001H2 515
230 UPC566H
135
09835
90
2N173
2N174
2N178
2N334
2N336
2 00
2 75
25 25F8
4 75
25C1115
2SC1166
175
50
00
395
395
390
IC's ON THE MOVE
350
1N914
125 250130
50 250141
400 250151
1
50 25D170
85 2S0180
475 250201
5 75 25D218
4 75 250235
00
25
50
3 25
1 25
2 25
2 25
3
60
70
95
70
650
147089P
BBD BUCKET BRIGADE DEVICE

MM3001 19 50
MN3002 11 70
HALL IC DN834
081837
25
2N918
2N930
2N956
2N960
2N962
2N967
2N1136
25
25
40
10
19270
65 25081
55 25088
75 250118
6 50
POPULAR JEDEC SEMICONDUCTORS
95 2SD77
75 2SC1173
275 2SC1175
300 2SC1209
00
47205
147102
147106P
747120P
TA7120P-C
1471224P
147124P
147146P
747150P
147153P
TA7200P
00
310
240
50 TA7203P
50 TA7204P
11
425 TA7054P
4 70
640
1135 187201P
578415
747045M
20
20
AN245
AN274
141159 6 60
H41202
3 10
H81306W 520
80
5
5
2ENER DIODES
.30 each UP TO 33V.
8 1 Wan 10%
GREATER THAN 33V CALL FOR PRICING
1
1
1
20
75
25
150
3.00
NO
For
144006
144007
100
For
80
70
80
90
00
5 00
10
10.00
20
1100
6 00
700
8
00
900
Thank you, for your Interest and response to New-Tond

Phone Orders Welcome
Dealers Write or Phone for Discount Prices
All orders add $1.00 Postage $1.50 Canada
N.J. residents add 5% sales tax, minimum order $5.00.
PARTIAL LISTING
CIRCLE
10
94001
N4002
N4003
N4004
N4005
NEW -TONE ELECTRONICS

PO BOX 1738A
BLOOMFIELD, N.J. 07003
PHONE: (201) 748 -6171, 6172, 6173
2 75
2 75
RECTIFIERS
2 75
2 75
300
300
IC SOCKETS
Nylon Screws. Nuts 6 Rivets (Complete Kit. 50 pc'e) I 99

Trans H/W Mica. Bueninge 8 Screws
1.00
Case T03. T066 8 T0220 (Specify Type. 10 Sets)
S/ 99
MK20 T03 Complete Mounting KII
5/.99
MK25 T066 Complete Mounting Kit
100ea.
TOS Pk9 of 2
IC Socket
8 Pin
10 Pin
TOS Pk9 of 2
22ea.
IC Socket
25ea.
14 Pin
OIL Pk9 of 1
IC Socket
27ea.
16 Pin
DIL Pkg of 1
IC Socket
00
ALL PARTS GUARANTEED
AUGUST 1977
132
215
215
490
405 S1K056
r,y
CB, AUDIO. INDUSTRIAL
300 2SC777
25 2SC733
95 2SC735
90 2SC739
70 2SC715
00 2SC756
2SC774
110 2SC775
65 25C776
2SC320
258682
85 2SC481
258699 130 25C482
2586998 145 2SC491
258705
55 2SC495
258815
85 2SC497
258816
85 2SC502
25C515
25622
65 2SC517
25656
25677
2S6128
00
70 2SC352
70 2SC353
258564
3 30
AN217
10220 T0202)
100 Asst )includes Case TO5
T039. 1018. 007. 00411
100 Asst (includes 14 6 16 Pin)
50 Asst (Assorted values)
10 Asst (many tope s Case 10721
100 AssI 15,51nar to 0103 Series) Case to 92
VR 10.100V. I400MA MGT 200MA
1N60
60 25C 206
95 2SC240
49274
310
YOU TEST 'EM SAVE BIG MONEY

100 Asst (includes Case 103. TO66
Pc s Per Value
04
'.w5 ,
06
06
' rw5%
08
STANDARD RESISTANCE VALUES
OHMS
JAPANESE TRANSISTORS
,A316
AN21
132
144
3 75
4 75
HA1312
HA1322
HA1339
LA7207
LA1364
LA1366
LA1367
LA3301
LA4030
144031P
CARBON RESISTORS
Minimum
AXIAL LEADS
AXIAL LEADS
AXIAL LEADS
AXIAL LEADS
AXIAL LEADS
RADIAL LEADS
RADIAL LEADS
RADIAL LEADS
RADIAL LEADS
AXIAL LEADS
100081E35 AXIAL LEADS
290
LM340K 5
95
LM340K-6
95
95
LM340K 8
LM340K. 12
95
LM340K 15
95
LM340K 18
95
LM340K-24
95
75
LM34oT0.5
75
LM340T0.6
75
LM340T0-8
75
LM340T0- 12
75
LM340T0- 15
75
LM340T0 18
75
LM34oT0-24
NEGATIVE
REGULATORS
AVAILABLE
55
SN15844N
55
SN15946
60
SN158097N
4 50
SN72560P
5N727410N
85
45
SN72741C
49
SN72748P
95
UA703C
40
UA709C
USF7733393 210
995879
6 50
12 50
996079
9 00
998979
110
936-5D
20
9313DC
93L28DC
2 75
Power Pac
MIy,
AN136
AN203
AN208
AN210
HOBBY SPECIALS
ELECTROLYTIC
CAPACITORS
3MF10
3 3MF10
1OMF25
1OMF50
10MF150
25MF35
30MF25
47MF25
47MF50
100MF16
100MF25
500MF50
98
98
98
98
45
POSITIVE
VOLTAGE
REGULATORS
MISC CIRCUITS
74L SERIES TTL
JAPANESE CIRCUITS
MOTOROLA CIRCUITS
5400 SERIES
7400 TTL
7400
39
ON
FREE
INFORMATION
CARO
WRITE FOR FREE CATALOG
107
qm....,,10111 .....1111!...,,,pl!!....,.q1!!i::IIP
]BII!!!i:iBP..
BUSINESS CPPOR'(UNITIES
Eta
MADE $40,000.00 Year by Mailorder! Helped others make

money! Free Proof- Torrey, Box 318 -NN, Ypsilanti,
Michigan 48197.
I
In addition to the book

projects, Creis has introduced;;;;
several more projects in his Guitar Player magazine col-..
umn.
We offer parts kits that include all electronic con'
ponents,
IC
socketIs), quality circuit board, pots, and!'.i
[1])
BILL
instructions; minder supplies

other mechanical items.
GODBOUT ELECTRONICS
BOX 2355, OAKLAND AIRPORT, CA 94614
for
5%
r8
"'1ORi
uTd
Ni'
il)H
CIRCLE
22
NO
aids
UNI T
Talking
power,
Low
$12.
faster
service
HIGHLY
PROFITABLE
ONE -MAN
ELECTRONIC FACTORY
$19.95
BOX
contained unit does not require separate::

harmonics and increase sustainii
Requires about $20 of extra parts.
self
with
guitar.
PU
Ilses
PET
t i on
generate.]
Investment unnecessary, knowledge not required,

sales handled by professionals. Postcard brings
facts about this unusual opportunity. Write today!
Berta- DV, Box 248, Walnut Creek, CA 94597.
)96w6'"'
elements to mimic the type of
di st
,,,cuum
tubes.
Ilses
one 9
BiFilter FOLLOWER
uses
2
with an
Volt
distor-
battery.
:..
HOW TO MAKE $2,000 WEEKLY at home using other peo

pie's money. Guaranteed. Free Details. Richlieu, Box
25357, Dept. F8, Houston 77005.
NEW LUXURY Car Without Cost. Free Details! Codex -ZZ,
Box 6073, Toledo, Ohio 43614.
$29.50
In conjunction...
,1
tiltcr, tl:ned about an oct-are a art

velcpe follower to give sthesi
vn
zer
111,
effet s
Mar he re fied for
-libe auto
rti
-::
bass.
Il,.,iiii3N
INFORMATION
FREE
$500/THOUSAND IMMEDIATELY, Stuffing envelopes, free

supplies, rush stamped, addressed envelope. SALAMON
INDUSTRIES, 6059 W. 55th Street, Chicago, III. 60638.
CARO
USE
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For
eff50
ects.:i
Includes fuzz to add
amp.
GET RICH with Secret Law that smashes debts and brings
you $500 to $5 Million cash. Free report! Credit 4K8, 333
North Michigan, Chicago 60601.
battery life.
Plugs between guitar and amp to give concert hall

Springs not included but are readily available.
ON
MAILORDER MILLIONAIRE helps beginners make $500

weekly. Free report reveals secret plan! Executive (1K8),
333 North Michigan, Chicago 60601.
Wide -
Voltage regulator
REVER
$6.95 ppd USA
nl!Ri
720
depth and volume.
This book has helped thousands build their own exciting

and innovative music projects - -- 19 in all.
But listen
to what the magazines say.,.73: "a dandy hook...fantastic music gadgets"
Popular Electronics: "gets it all
together"
Electronotes: "highly recommended
it
gives the essential information"
Synapse:
clear
understanding of the needs of electronic musicians not
met in other hooks of this kind"
Byte: "Even if yoicouldn't care less about
cal applications, you car..
use this book"
Polyphony:
illustrations...
an excellent introduction ".
134 pages, with demonstration soundsheet and forward by guitarist Joe Walsh.
PARTS KITS AVAILABLE FOB NEST PROJECTS; WRITE FOR INFO.
::18
:,
Phase
Shifter
$39.95
stage,
shifter.
range speed control, plus
Four
"Electronic Projects For

Musicians" IS A HIT!
iii
FREE CATALOGS. Repair air conditioning, refrigeration.

Tools, supplies, full instructions Doolin, 2016 Canton,
Dallas, Texas 75201.
and
DAY OPTION:
Look your kit over for i0 days; if for
reason
a
you feel the kit does
suit your purposes,
return it
for prompt refund.
It's Unanimous:
"
switches,
any
shipping; excess refunded.

We require street address
for COD orders.
BankAmericard" / Mastercharge"
($15
minimum) call 415 -562- 0636, 24 hrs.
Cal res add tax.
By CRAIG ANDERTON
jacks,
10
Allow up to
Add 50e orders under $10.
TI:R''..
case,
OH
all
mail
SIX DIGIT 12/24 HR.
HIGH EARNINGS from mailorder privately. Step -by -step

details- $500+ per month. $3. Adver -Serv, Box 5231,
Akron, Ohio 44313.
FANTASTIC mailing program brings huge profits fast!
Also, sources of free mailing lists. Send $1.00 and SASE
No. 10 to Gray, Box 1752 -MA, Fort Smith, AR 72902.
MECHANICALLY Inclined individuals desiring ownership
of Small Electronics Manufacturing Business
without investments- Write: Marks, 92 -K8 Brighton 11th, Brooklyn,
New York 11235.
HOW TO BORROW $25,000 interest -free! ... Indefinitely!

Free Report: Executive -PE8, Box 368, Buford, Georgia
30518.
MINI -KITS
VIDEO TERMINAL
KIT $149.95
CLOCK KIT
FM WIRELESS
MIKE KIT
$2.95
FM-I
S2'.95
A compact 5 x 10 -inch PC card that requires only an ASCII
keyboard and a TV set to become a complete'interactive terminal for
connection to your microprocessor asynchronous mtertace Its
many features are Single 5 -volt supply, crystal controlled sync and
baud rates (up to 9600 baud). 2 pages of 32 characters by 6 lines
read to and from memory computer and keyboard -operated cursor
and page control parity error display and control, power-on
initial,zatlon. full 64- character ASCII display block-type see -thru
curso. Keyboard computer control backspaces forward spaces.
line feeds rev line feeds, home, returns cursor Also Meals page,
clears to end of line, selects page or 2, reads from or to memory.
The card requires 5 volts at approx 900 ma and outputs starderd 75
ohm composite video.
MODE_ DC -5
pmr.m.<`
rada
The best looking, most complete kit on the market! Feature. Include time set
pushbuttons. Jumbo 4" readouts. Polaroid lens filter, line cord transformer.
super quality PC boards and durable ex:ruded aluminum case available in live
different colors All parts are included. there are no extras needed! Super instructions
reduce assembly time to -2 hours Fully guaranteed Colors available. gold, silver bronze.
-i
522 95
$24 95
TH3216 Kit
TH3216. Assembled and Tested
VD -1. Video to RF Modulator Kit
025.95
Assembled d tested version add $10 to kit price.
5149 95
$239.95
$
6.95
wr
rune
5zi
Deco
Complete Kit, TD-1
blue and black (specify)
Clock Kit. DC -5
Alarm Clock Version. DC -8
12 24 Hr Clock with 10- Minute ID Timer. DC -10
6 -Digit
6 -Digit
High Accuracy It Min Month)

Big 4" high readout
,
Special circuit suppresses

all spikes and transients
Same case as DC -5 above
Displays blanks with Igmtior
Complete
CALENDAR ALARM CLOCK KIT
12/24 HR.
525.95
Kit, DC -7
Assembled d tested version

add BIO to kit price.
Has every feature one could ever ask for. Kt includes all parts except
case. build it into wall, station or even car! Uses the incredible 7001
chip. Features.
6-digit 5" high
Calendar shows mo `day
24 -Hour alarm with Snooze
12- or 24 -Hr. Formal
Battery backup wit,
on -chip time base
Complete Kit, less case. DC -9
534.95
741 OP -AMP
600 mHz
Prescaler
S59.95
:;`"`0-
LED
BLINKY KIT
Penel
LINEAR
assembled and tested.

Extend the range of your counter to 10 times higher in frequency.
Works with any counter High sensitivity input with built -in
on -chip pre -amp
PS -t8.
10
$59 95
Fully
'
ramsaU ahcfrunics
P.O. BOX 4072
108
ROCHESTER, N.Y.
14610
at
type
REGULATOR
555
556
.50
309K
.75
309M
567
1.75
1458
,65
LED DRIVER
75491
75492
.50
.50
$2.95
15feet
8': ie
mike.
Complete Kit, BN-9
Of
son
$4.95
$23.95
$12.95
Auto dimmer .hotocell for use with 1002
NATIONAL
TRANSISTORS
.99
.99
340K -12
7805
7812
7815
7818
.99
19
.99
.99
.99
2N3904 type
2N3906 type
Power Tab 40W
Power Tab 40W
MPF -102 type
UJT 2N2646 type
2N3055 NPN Power
NPN
PNP
NPN
PNP
FET
10/$1.00
10 /$1.00
3/51.00
3/51.00
3/52.00
3/52.00
"
eo
CODE OSCILLATOR KIT

Powerful
;i'
wt
52.50
POWER SUPPLY KIT
-75
Complete Kit 1PS3LT
Telephone
Orders
Welcome
RAKKA
(716)271 -6487
CIRCLE
NO.
48
ON
FREE
12,24 -Hour 12 -Volt AC or DC

High Accuracy (1 m nute' month)
6 jumbo 4" LED readouts
Easy. no- polarity hookup
Display blanks with ignition
Case, mounting bracket included
Super instructions
Complete Kit, DC -11
$27 95
Assembled d tested version
add $10 to kit prIce-
Includes transformer and switches.
10 tor $2.00
uni
SUPER -SNOOP AMPLIFIER
MA -1003A CAR CLOCK MODULE

MA-1002A ALARM CLOCK MODULE
minIHouse marked
Factory prame
dip
CAR
CLOCK
KIT $27.95
12/24 Hour
aary :r
$4.95
Complete Kit, FILL
CAR CLOCK KIT
ears
TONE DECODER KIT
Satisfaction guaranteed or money

refunded. C.O D orders add $1 00.
Orders under $10.00 add $.75.
N Y residents add 7% sales tax.
Foreign orders add 20% for Air Nell Shipment,
m filer d19f0a
INFORMA -ION
$6.95
DECADE COUNTER PARTS KIT

'tans
rent
teststors. heel. up
na an easy
Kittor Parts, DC01 1
.50
CARO
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
EE
NEW LSI TECHNOLOGY
FREQUENCY COUNTER
TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THIS NEW STATE -OF- THE -ART COUNTER FEATURING THE
MANY BENEFITS OF CUSTOM LSI CIRCUITRY. THIS NEW TECHNOLOGY APPROACH
TO INSTRUMENTATION YIELDS ENHANCED PERFORMANCE, SMALLER PHYSICAL
SIZE. DRASTICALLY REDUCED POWER CONSUMPTION [PORTABLE BATTERY
OPERATION IS NOW PRACTICAL], DEPENDABILITY, EASY ASSEMBLY AND
REVOLUTIONARY LOWER PRICING!
SIZE:
3" High
6" Wide
5' '2" Deep
FEATURES AND SPECIFICATIONS:

134
LBS.
COLOR:
BLACK
FACTORY DIRECT PRICES
KIT #FC -50C
KIT #PSL -350
KIT #PSL -650
350 MHZ
COUNTER WITH CABINET & P.S

PRESCALER [NOT SHOWN]
650 MHZ
PRESCALER (NOT SHOWN]
MODEL #FC-50WT
MODEL #FC -50/600 WT..
COUNTER WIRED, TESTED

600 MHZ COUNTER WIRED. TESTED
60 MHZ
60 MHZ
&
&
$99.85
23.95
29.95
165.95
199.95
CAL.
CAL.
KIT NFC -50C IS COMPLETE WITH PREDRILLED CHASSIS ALL HARDWARE AND STEP -BY -STEP
INSTRUCTIONS. WIRED & TESTED UNITS ARE CALIBRATED AND GUARANTEED. PRESCALERS
WILL FIT INSIDE COUNTER CABINET.
PLEXIGLAS
ABINET I
3"H,6%1N,51/2"D
CABINET II
displays
Black, White or
Clear Cover
$6.50
234FFH,5 "W,4 "D
ea
3 set switches
"x6 "xt /8"
95
ea
3 45 06
Plug transformer
all parts included
V "W 3 "D
2/'45.
*2350
PRIME
Complete Kit $495
00
$42.95
qxS 3
JUMBO DIGIT
$1)095 ea.
77
CONVERSTION KIT
Convert small digit LED crock to larg':
5-. displays. Kit includes 6 - LED's
Multiplex PC Board & Hook up into
Kit #JD -1CC For Common Cathode
Kit #JD -1CA For Common Anode
KITS ARE COMPLETE (LESS CABINET)

7001 x DISPLAY
7001 B DISPi AY
ALL 7001 KITS FIT CABINET AND ACCEPT QUARTZ CRYSTAL TIME BASE KIT O TB
I
AUTO BURGLAR
ALARM KIT
AN EASY TO ASSEMBLE AND EASY TO INSTALL
ALARM PROVIDING MANY FEATURES NOT
B,
Cor
llll_l;ll_;=
X- s7.95
,,[2.44'A
1
-' is
-C11:11
MODEL
AMP
#2001
POWER SUPPLY KIT
KIT #ALR -1
$9.95
#ALR-1WT
WIRED &
TESTED
$19.95
42
ON
FREE
201351"
MOUNTING BRACKET INCLUDED
$2795
$2995
maSin CRil9t
IAN1AE8IWB
HOLLYWOOD, FLA. 33022. 1305) 921 -2056
NO.
KIT N2001
3 OR
COMPLETE KIT
MORE
]Less 9V. Battery]
ASSEMBLED UNITS WIRED & TESTED
ORDER 42001 WT LESS 9V. BATTERY]
Wired for 12 -Hr Op. if not otherwise specified
CIRCLE
01174IN
VOLT AC or
DC POWERED
12
STORE. 823 S. 21 AVE.

WE PAY ALL SHIPPING IN CONTINENTAL USA
AUGUST 1977
N N
JUMBO .4" RED LED'S BEHIND RED FILTER LENS WITH CHROME RIM
12/24 -Hr. TIME r UHr.1AI
SET TIME FROM FRONT VIA HIDDEN SWITCHES
STYLISH CHARCOAL GRAY CASE OF MOLDED HIGH TEMP PLASTIC
TWO WIRE NO POLARITY HOOK-..
BRIDGE POWER INPUT CIRCUITRY
OPTIONAL CONNECTION TO BLANK DISPLAY [Use When Key Ott in Car, FRC.
TOP
QUALITY PC BOARDS & COMPONENTS - INSTRUCTIONS.
OPTOELECTRONICS, INC.
BOX 219
'
4 to 14V
SHORT CIRCUIT PROOF
723 IC REGULATOR
2N3055 PASS TRANSISTOR
CURRENT LIMITING AT 1 Amp
KIT IS COMPLETE INCLUDING
DRILLED 8 SOLDER PLATED
FIBERGLASS PC BOARD AND
ALL PARTS (Less TRANSFORMER)
KIT NOS-01 $8.95
TRANSFORMER 24V CT Will
provide 300MA al 12V and
Amp al 5V.
53.50
VARIABLE FROM
CAN BE MOUNTED WHERE DESIRED CMOS

RESISTS FALSE ALARMS L
RELIABILITY
PROVIDES FOR ULTRA DEPENDABLE ALARM
DO NOT BE FOOLED BY LOW PRICES THIS IS
TOP QUALITY COMPLETE KIT WITH ALL PARTS
INCLUDING DETAILED DRAWINGS AND IN
STRUCTIONS OR AVAILABLE WIRED AND
TESTED
Specify for 7001
VARIABLE REGULATED
NORMALLY FOUND KEYLESS ALARM HAS

GROUNDING
FOR POS
PROVISION
SWITCHES OR SENSORS WILL PULSE HORN
RELAY AT IN2 RATE OR DRIVE SIREN KIT
TIME DELAYS
LE
PROVIDES PROD
FOR EXIT ENTRY L ALARM PERIOD UNIT
REMOTE SWITCH
MOUNTS UNDER DASH
I / WA!.
PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS for CT-7001 Kits

sold separately with assembly info. PC Boards are
drilled Fiberglass. solder plated and screened
with component layout.
ea.
2/$38.
$1995
Kit #5314 -5
70010
0122
1.39
JUMBO DIGIT CLOCK
Dis PLAY
..$45.95
complete Kit (less Cabinet) featuring

six .5" digits. MM5314 IC 12/24 Hr
time. PC Boards, Transformer, Line
Cord. Switches and all Parts. Ideal Fit
in Cabinet II
Es
.....
1.45 ea
200 -499
Will alternate time (8 seconds) and date (2 seconds) or may be wired for time or date display only,
with other functions on demand. Has built -in oscillator for battery back -up. A loud 24 hour alarm
with a repeatable 10 minute snooze alarm, alarm set Et timer set indicators. Includes 110
VAC /60Hz power pack with cord and top quality components through -out.
..$39.95
eksIS
FACTORY FRESH
100 -199 $1.60 ea
Wir & Cal $9.95
'
BUILDER THAT WANTS THE BEST. FEATURING 12OR 24 HOUR TIME

29 -30.31 DAY CALENDAR. ALARM. SNOOZE AND AUX. TIMER CIRCUITS
KIT -7001B WITH 6 - 5 "DIGITS

KIT 7001C WITH 4 - 6" DIGITS
2- .3- DIGITS FOR SECONDS
KIT. 7001X WITH 6 -.6 "DIGITS
OVER 500 PCS.
fi1_K 1_ffisnrm KIT

6-I_11l_irr /_F17
ORTE- 11M -5111H"1rE RL;;;11"1 $ mow... KIT ioi
-
FOR THE
HIGH SPEED RAM
LOW POWER
1 -24
$1.95 ea
25 -99
1.75 ea
#TB -1 (Adjustable)
21L02-3
Plexiglas is
Pre -cut & drilled
Kit 850 -4 C P
Size 6 "H
SPECIAL PRICING!
Will enable
Digital Clock Kits
Or Clock- Calendar
Kits to operate
from 12V DC.
"x2 "PC Board
Power Rea 5-15V
(2.5MA TYP.)
Easy 3 wire hookup
Accuracy.
2PPM
6Big 4" digits

12 or 24 hr. time
RED OR GREY PLEXIGLAS FOR DIGITAL BEZELS

3
XTAL TIME BASE
Clear Plexiglas Stand
Great for Clocks or any LED

Digital project. Clear -Red
Chassis serves as Bezel to
increase contrast of digital
60 HZ.
SEE THE WORKS Clock Kit
CABINETS
DISPLAY: 8 RED LED DIGITS .4" CHARACTER HEIGHT

GATE TIMES- 1 SECOND AND 1/10 SECOND
[AUTO DEC. PT. PLACEMENT]
RESOLUTION: 1 HZ AT 1 SECOND, 10 HZ AT 1/10 SECOND.
FREQUENCY RANGE: 10 HZ TO 60 MHZ. [65 MHZ TYPICAL].
SENSITIVITY: 10 MV RMS TO 50 MHZ. 20 MV RMS TO 60 MHZ TYP
INPUT IMPEDANCE: 1 MEGOHM AND 20 PF.
[DIODE PROTECTED INPUT FOR OVER VOLTAGE PROTECTION.]
]-AFTER CALIBRATION TYPICAL.
1
PPM - .0001
ACCURACY:
STABILITY: WITHIN 1 PPM PER HOUR AFTER WARM UP ].001' XTAL,
8
[ALL
SOCKETED]
IC PACKAGE COUNT:
INTERNAL POWER SUPPLY: 5.2 V DC AT 800 MA REGULATED
INPUT POWER REQUIRED: 8 -12 VDC OR 115 VAC AT 50/60 HZ.
POWER CONSUMPTION: 4 WATTS
INPUT CONNECTOR' BNC TYPE
OTHERS ADD 5% 100
INFORMATION
CARD
EA
15 VAC
PowerPack$20
voc
$399
.7 EA. MORE 37 95
x.5
OR
EA
ORDER BY PHONE OR MAIL

COD ORDERS WELCOME
Orders Under 615 Add 61.00 Handling

Fla. Res. Please Add 4% Sales Tax
FOR AIRMAIL[
109
INSTRUCTION
LEARN ELECTRONIC ORGAN SERVICING at home all
makes including transistor. Experimental kit- troubleshooting. Accredited NHSC, Free Booklet. NILES BRYANT
SCHOOL, 3631 Stockton, Dept. A, Sacramento, Calif.
95820.
Masters,
Counseling,
92680.
BY
MAIL! Bachelors,
Free revealing details.
317 -PE8, Tustin, California
Box
LEARN WHILE ASLEEP! HYPNOTIZE! Astonishing details,

strange catalog free! Autosuggestion, Box 24 -ZD, Olympia,
Washington 98507.
TAPE AND RECORDERS
GRANTHAM'S FCC LICENSE STUDY GUIDE 377 pages,

1465 questions with answers/discussions
covering third,
second, first radtiotelephone examinations. $13.45 postpaid. GSE, P.O. Box 25992, Los Angeles, California 90025.
INTENSIVE 5 week course for Broadcast Engineers. FCC
First Class acense. Student rooms at the school. Radio
Engineering Inc., 61 N. Pineapple Ave., Sarasota, FL 33577
and 2402 Tidewater Trail, Fredericksburg, VA 22401.
LEARN BASIC Digital Troubleshooting by correspondence. Course includes text and demonstration modules. Educational Technologies, Box 224, Reynoldsburg,
Ohio 43068.
DEGREES
Ph.D's.
TESTS -ANSWERS for FCC First Class

License. Plus "Self -Study Ability Test." Proven!
$9.95. Moneyback Guarantee. "FREE" BROCHURE. Command, Box 26348 -P, San Francisco
94126.
1977
--
SCORE high on F.C.C. Exams...Over 300 questions and

answers. Covers 3rd, 2nd, 1st and even Radar. Third and
Second Test, $14.50; First Class Test, $15.00. All tests,
$26.50. R.E.I., Inc., Box 806, Sarasota, Fla. 33577.
UNIVERSITY
SELF-STUDY CB RADIO REPAIR COJRSE. THERE'S

MONEY TO BE MADE REPAIRING CB RADIOS. This easy to -learn course can prepare you for a career in electronics
enabling you to earn as much as $16.00 an hour in your
spare time. For more information write: CB RADIO REPAIR
COURSE, Dept. PE08, 531 N. Ann Arbor, Oklahoma City,
Okla. 73127.
GET your Commercial FCC License. New Exams by author

of successful published workbooks of FCC Practice Tests.
500 Questions Second Class, $11.95; 200 First Class 57 95'
100 Radar, $4.95; Postpaid. Save, all three $19.95. Complete mathematical solutions. Free counselling service.
Victor Veley, P.O. Box 14, La Verne, Calif. 91750.
RENT 4 -Track open reel tapes -free brochure. StereoParti, P.O. Box 7, Fulton, CA 95401.
and CASSETTE BELTS

money back
guarantee. Long wearing. Free Catalog
$3 minimum
order. PRB Corp.., Box 176, Whitewater, Wisconsin 53190.
REVOX A77 tape transport
new, factory boxed. Only
1399.00! Complete transport with servo capstan motor
power supply, transport relay board and capstan servo
electronics. Needs only heads and audio circuitry to
complete a processional quality tape recorder. Full
schematics suppled with each unit. Send certified check
or money order tc assure immediate delivery, write or call
for more details. (316) 921 -2620. ESSI, P.O. Box 854, Hocksville, N.Y. 11802.
HIGHLY EFFECTIVE Degree Program it Electronics Engineering. Advance rapidly! Our 31st Year. Free literature.
Cook's Institute, Box 20345, Jackson, Miss. 39209.
INTERNTION =AI. EI.1I,CTRONICS L'NI.IMITEU_,
SUMMER CLEARANCE SALE
ÌEMORIES
DIGITAL
$.69
.69
5.95
1702A
2708
24.95
5262
.99
745200 3.25
7489
1.75
82S23
2.75
7400
7416
7427
7437
7454
7493
7495
74145
9602
74('154
1101
103
1
)3410
1.39
LINEAR
$.09
.29
376 mDIP
.24
.19
.12
.39
.69
.89
.59
2.49
OFF WITH $25 ORDER

15% OFF WITH $100 ORDER
74;1
.11
.16
'401
-402
'403
'604
'405
7431
7454
0460
7464
.15
.15
.16
'606
740'
'430
.19
.20
.28
746;
'470
.26
'471
.16
.25
.43
.65
'411
'414
'416
741;3
.89
74154
7415;
1.20
-
74156
74157
.99
.10
'4140
-4'2
47
1.79
1.23
.97
"Chi
.19
-410
'411
.17
.17
.17
.17
.15
.15
74158
.35
.28
-4161
A9
74164
74165
74166
1.39
1.09
.99
.99
1.25
ea
-4170
2.10
'41'4
.30
-476
'481
-485
'486
'4161
'WI
2510
2511
2522
5016
MVIOB
MV50
MINI RED
51.95
1.49
1.95
1.19
LED DISPLAYS
RID CA .27" LHO
RED CA .30" RHD
RFD CA .50" RHD
RFD CC .375" RHO
REO CC .30" lHD
RED CC .30" RHO
RED CC .50" RHO
GREEN CA .27" lHD
u se 74R
DL 500
MANS
MANS
01747
(LIAR DOME
.170"
.25
1.49
14V50
CLEAR
.09"
1.23
1111050
.12
.12
-620
.16
7490
.43
'412
'411
'425
.30
7491
.75
74176
.29
7492
.48
'4171
.27
7491
7494
.48
'4180
.89
.84
.90
.78
74181
2.45
7495
.79
7496
74100
74105
.79
1.90
.M
'4182
'4184
'4185
.44
7418-
2.20
5.75
RLC201
RED DIFE. CURRENT REG.
74107
17
'4190
1.15
.38
'4191
'4152
GREEN
'4111
SPOT
.59
.65
-414(
1.25
.95
.85
PL-4403
.89
7412)
74122
CONS!. BRIGHTNESS-4.5- .,g0.RED DIFE. FULL 11000 .190"
73
04115
74126
74111
54
-4194
.58
.89
'4145
-4416
74141
1.04
7414-
44-
74,45
'4150
'4151
1.04
.97
'4146
'441
450
.25
.25
'418
'440
.15
;1
444
.73
445
.71
.81
446
1.25
.74
1.25
.73
1.73
1.69
5.45
E'pin
II
24
.20
,22
18
Spin
8pn
WIRE WRAP
.42
.59
.69
pin
Pm
40 pIn
gold plebe
49
LINEAR CIRCUITS
1100
.71
171
242
723
101
-29
176
101
.;1
480
.6B
1.10
733
739
1.07
04
80
180-8
1.25
)41
.32
181
L'S
747
'1
382
J5
748
.15
ws
109k
.26
.89
1.15
110
1.07
107
108
45
,14
1.11
LNI
INK
1.39
1.39
Sn
1458
540
LAS5
1800
550
.79
55A
45
1.19
3900
7524
560
3.39
561
3.39
1.18
1.95
1.70
124
1.52
119
1.58
1406
169
567
709
1401
1.49
710
1.95
.26
.15
1.91
711
.26
RED DIFF. SUBMINIATURE .12'
7529
8038
8864
75150
75451
75452
75453
75491
75492
.89
.12
WHITE DIFF. SUBMINIATURE
NO HANG)
.114"
RED DBE. CURRENT REG..190"
.15
CONS! BRIGHTNESS 4.5 -02.55
.25
RLC -200
CLEAR
POINT
.25
.15
N SN
33
8-
PIN
1024 %1 STATIC RAM 16 PIN
I!
II
IA
SO( KIT
.99
DUlO
.99
EXCEPT
59
SHIFT REGISTERS
2502 1024 bit MULI DYN 16 pin

$2.95
2504 1024 bit MULT DYN 8 pin
2.95
2511 Tri Stale Dual 50- 100.200 bit
STATIC 14 pin
2.95
2518 Hex 32-bil STATIC 16 pin
2.95
2519 Hex 404bil STATIC 16 pin
2.95
2527 Dual 256 bit STATIC 8 pin
2.95
2532 Quad 80 bil STATIC 16 pin
3.95
5013 1024 bil accu. Dynamic 8 pin 1.75
5016 500/ 512 bit Dynamic 8 pin
1.9
$6.95
41-11 Strip Detector DIP
AM Radio Receiver Subsystem DIP

FM Stereo Demodulator DIP
2.93
.75
2.90
.99
Balanced Modulalo,- Demodulator

Stereo multipleler DIP
248
ULN2230 FM Gain Block 34db Ilyp) mDIP
1.11
ULN2209 FM Gain Mock 41db del,/ m131F
1.35
2513
Character Generator 64,895 DIP -24 10.30
3046
Transistor Arra, DIP -14
.73
5330
4.. DIGIT DVM LOGIC
LH 0070
BCD BUFFERED REF.
LF 13300D
12
DC Relay S.P.S.T.,
Cassette, Pkg. of 3, TA -819
2.1. RED
I.E.D., Pkg. of 5,14-233
CB
1/2-1
watt, Pkg. 100,
35
CIRCLE
NO
MM
5616
VILLAGE SQJARIE, P.O. BOX 449

CARMEL VALLEY, CA 93924 USA
PHONE (408) 639 -1171
25
ON
HIE
INFORMATION
CARO
49
.81
99
.59
.69
.39
5.00
1.70
14.99
9.99
1.19
.19
Empire 999 Nag. Phono Cart. PC -188
2.00
.59
Solder Temlinal Strips, 40 Asstd. XM -501
1.30
.50
Double Face Foam Tape 3/4"152", TA -903
1.00
.80
79
.39
.80
'
3 -6V DC Hobby N
otors,
1.00
.49
.. 9.99
6.99
Asstd. M0 -333
Tape Mailers. 3" Pkg. 5, TA -936
Ceramic Disc Cao., 100 Asstd. CC -210.
29
Knob Kit, 25 Pcs. Asstd., KN-030
00
.69
2 00
1.00
.. 3 19
1.19
....
Seg. I.E.D. Display Corn. K., XM-414.
258414 T0'66 Detput Trans.,
TR -141
S12.95
DUAL SLOPE Ai D
ANALOG BUILDING BLOCK
S1.25
INTERNATIONAL ELECTRONICS UNLIMITED
1.20
1.20
$6.95
Add 50.00 to 11,Xer Shipping and handling it order is le than

$10.00.
aliturnia resident, add lab's lay. In, ludo shipping expense for Orders
shipped out of
5. and Canad4 2)811111X. 10
I
10 inlet.
.80
69
I.
S6.95
.71
RR -011
1.00
Volume Controls 12 Asstd. VC-214
.3s
....
Converter for Car, CB-417
.59
149
149
1
...
1.00
89
1,
lien guaranteed Shipment ill he made po,tage prepaid within

3 days Iron
n 11opl of order. Payment mss he made with personal (het
L. charge card lint lode
number and ' p. daH1. DI Illurles under. Phone Orders
BoA and MSC card or C.O.D
35
SW -854
E Min.
electronics
FORGE
SmU.1.1i
10
4.25
2.25
1.75
1.49
Timing Motor, 117 PAC., M0-407
QUAD BI- LATERAL SWITCH

FREECATALOG AVAILABLE ON REQUEST
.62
2.48
.44
631...
12 YDC Relay D.P.S.T., SW-856

6 RP Day
39
1496
1830
MM
EACH
Resistors
AY51013A
372
546
1310
For radios, calculators,'

etc. 1.2 Volt.
Reg.
Sal
Ea
40 Min. 8 -Track Tape, TA -901
UART
SPECIAL DEVICES
'
BA -341
Elect. Cap. Kit, 50 Asst., CD-407
DUAL OP AMP
Cells
Sperry 9 Digit Readout, XM-399
256 BIT RAM TRI -STATE
1458
YOUR
Rechargeable
Photo Elect. Camera Shutter, XM-
2102
74S200 53.25
18
DIGIT RFD 17* CC

MAG. LENS FITS 14 PIN SOCKFI
$16.95
$19.95
$1.49
.15
SAME AS
8008
8080A
.190"
DIGIT RED
HIS
D4.33 B
'
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
.190"
MULTIPLE DISPLAYS
Dale sheets on request. Add 300 each

if item is priced below $1.00 each.
110
.12
I DIGITS
11
pin
RL209
P IT-79 -03
.09"
.19"
RED
low profile
p1n
851100
DL 33
SOCKETS
Solder Tell
14
.79
.79
4194
-4200
EACH
MV1OB
2.25
'407
3.95
29
7489
26
2.39
INFRARED CLEAR L,UME
- AXIAL
- AXIAL
ea.
(EXCEPT AS NOTED)
1.39
1.49
1.49
1.39
1.39
1.89
2.19
DISCRETE LED's
RED
X8.646
PROTECT
Z
REG.
NICKEL'
CADMIUM
"AAf1 Pen -Lite g
IN U.S. AND CANADA
89
18E4
.35
.35
.25
.20
.11
1.49
1.49
Red 547 dnl Psalm .3
SN_
LIMIT
EA.
91.89
YELLOW CA .27" LHD

YELLOW CA .3" IND
RED CA .6" HID
RID CA .6" lUD
MN82
MNB0
lass
$ .57
GAi LmAoRMI
NO SHIPPING CHARGES
'41'
'426
'117
'410
'411
DIGIT RED .11 CC RHD

DIGIT RED .11" CC RHD
BSR
HP 8082-SERIES
MAG LIENS FITS 14 PIN SOCKET
12/51.00
DL1OA
$1.49
.99
.59
.99
DLIO.A
NSN 74R
FND 359
MAN 5
SALE
5
RI. 2(19
PARTS AND
ACCESSORIES
LED DISPLAYS
SPECIAL
6/$1.00
16/$1.00
DL 707
DL 507
FRO 359
DL 702
TTL
'630
S.49
739 DIP
.89
1414 DIP
1.39
75453 mDIP .29
75491 DIP
.59
DISCRETE LEDs
10 %D
IHISE IIIS( 0)1 \IS APPL1 I() 1()141

Of ()RUTH
SPI( IALS IN( IL UFO
SHIFT REGISTERS
ELECTRONIC,
AUGUST)
ICQODTHRU
--
8 -TRACK
DEPT.
260 S.
12
ST,
AKRON, OHIO 44327
NAME
I ADDRESS
a CITY
a ZIP
STATE
I
4
Send Olson Cat
ENCLOSE 0OSTAGE AND SALES TAX
raarees4inAmillirtetllalis
CIRCLE
NO.
41
ON
FREE
INFORMATION
CARD
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
FLUKE MODEL 8030A
TO -220 VOLTAGE
REGULATOR FROM
FAIRCHILD
PREMIUM QUALITY
COMPONENTS SETS
ANCRONA APART
15,
7815C
7818C
7824C
5V
6V
8V
12V
7805C
7806C
7808C
7812C
DIGITAL MULTIMETER
18v
24v
CAPACITORS
Z1L01=91L01
1% MICA 500V
.29
390 PF
62PF.29
75PF.29
.41
.41
470 PF
620 PF .52
820 PF .53
1000 PF .60
1500 PF .60
2000 PF .90
2200 PF .94
4700 PF 1.80
.46
.50
10000 PF 3.60
82 PF .29
100 PF .30
120 PF .32
150PF.35
180
220
240
300
PF
PF
PF
PF
digit, six -function multimeter. Measurement

functions include ac volts (true rms), dc volts, ac
current (true rms), dc current, resistance, and
diode test. Each function, except the diode test,
is supplemented by 5 selectable ranges for a total
of 26 ranges (one range for diode test).
$250.00
$20.00
OPTIONAL CASE
.50
.50
51 PF
3 -` /:
5100PF1.80
50V CE RAMIC DISC

CAP ACITORS
$1.00 Per Package
ALUMINUM
ELECTROLYTIC
Ice ire
N44*
(RADIAL LEAD(
MFD 10V 16V 25V 35V
.12
.13
.14
.15
.16
.17
.18
10
22
33
47
100
.13
.14
.14
.17
.15
.20
.15
.16
.17
.18
.18
.21
.22
.22
.20
220 .23 .25
330 .30 .33
470 .35 .40
1000
2200
--- ---
.24
.26
.35
.40
.45
.65
1.30
.23
.24
.25
30
.40
.45
.60 .80
.80 1.20
1.60 2.50
MF
.001
TANTALUM
CAPACITORS
.15
.22
.33
.47
.68
1.0
1.5
2.2
2.2
3.3
4.7
V
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
35
20
35
35
35
MF
.33
.33
.33
.33
.33
.33
.33
.40
.33
.40
.42
.45
6.8
6.8
10.0
10.0
10.0
15.0
15.0
16
.40
35
16
25
35
.45
22.0
33.0
47.0
68.0
20
35
16
20
7/Pkg
6/Pkg
680pf
.001 m fd
.0015mfd
.0022mfd
.003mfd
.0047mfd
.005mfd
.01mfd
.015mfd
.02mfd
.022mfd
.03mfd
.039mfd
.047mfd
.1mfd
MINI
BOX
POLYESTER
(CAPACITOR)
DIPPED
.1
9/pkg
9/pkg
9/pkg
9/pkg
9/Pkg
9/Pkg
8/pkg
8/pkg
8/pkg
8/pkg
7/pk8
PLESSEY
51T80
MF
7/Pkg
9/Pkg
5pf
15pf
25pf
27pf
47pf
B/Pkg
68pf
8/pkg
100pf
50V 8/pkg
150pf
8/Pkg
.16
.24 8/pkg 220pf
.26 7/Pkg 2709f
.28 7/Pkg 3009f
.30 7/Pkg 330pf
.32 7/Pkg 390pf
.35 7/pkg 4709f
.50
.55 7/pkg 560pf
9/pkg
9/Pkg
9/Pkg
9/Pkg
.42
.45
.90
.45
1.32
.45
1.32
.0012
.0015
.0018
.0022
.0027
.0033
,0039
.0047
.0056
.0068
.0082
20 1.53
16 1.62
.01
.012
.015
.018
.022
.027
.033
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
630
630
630
630
630
630
630
400
.14
.14
.14
.14
.14
.14
.14
.14
.14
MF
.1
.12
.15
.18
.14 .22
.14 .27
.33
.14
.14 .39
.47
.14
.15
.56
400 .15
.68
400 .15
.82
400 .15 1,0
.17
.18
.20
,21
,23
.26
.30
.33
.36
.44
.47
.54
.60
250 .15
500/ls
400//s
400/Ls
300/Js
500s
400/1s
300Us
500/
400/Ja
300//s
11
12
13
15
16
18
20
22
24
27
30
33
36
39
43
47
51
56
62
68
75
82
91
110
120
130
150
160
180
200
220
240
270
300
330
360
390
430
470
510
560
620
680
750
820
910
1.1K
1.2K
1.3K
1.5K
1.616
1,86
2.0K
110K
120K
130K
150K
160K
18K 180K
20K 200K
11K
12K
13K
15K
16K
RESISTOR KITS
5%CARBON FILM
RESISTORS
33K
4.3K
4,7K
5.1K
5.6K
6.2K
6.8K
7.5K
83K
9.1K
24K
27K
30K
33K
36K
39K
43K
47K
51K
56K
62K
68K
75K
82K
91K
240K
270K
300K
330K
360K
390K
430K
470K
510K
560K
620K
680K
750K
820K
910K
1.5h1
1.6M
1.8M
2.0M
COMPLETE WITH
STORAGE BIN
1/4 WATT KIT
42 Different Values
1682 to 4.7 MS2)
20 Each Value
2.4M
2.7M
30M
3.3M
3.6M
33M
4.3M
5.1M
5,651
6.2M
63M
1/4W
1/2W
7,5M
8.2M
9.1M
- $24.90 PER
- $25.90 PER
KIT
KIT
RESISTOR ASSORTMENTS
each of 10 different values.

Values included ar shown in (Ohms)
% W,5% (50 pcs total).. .$1.75 / %W,5% (50 pm tatall...$1.85
47, 56 ohm
15, 18,
22, 27,
33, 39,
Asst.1: 10, 12,
s
82, 100, 120, 150, 180, 220, 270, 330, 390 ohm
470, 560, 680, 820 ohm, 1K, 1.2K, 1.5K, t3K, 2.2K,2.7K
Asst: 3.3K, 3.9K, 4.7K, 53K, 6.8K, 82K, 10K, 12K, 15K, 18K
Asst.S:
22K, 27K, 33K. 39K. 47K, 56K, 68K, 82K, 100K, 120K
Asst.6:
150K, 180K, 220K, 270K, 330K, 390K,470K,560K,680K,
820K
1M,1.2M,1.5M,1.8M,2.2M,2 7M,3.3M,3.9M,4.7M 5.M,
Asst.7:
(' /,W Assortment No.7 doesn't include 5.6M)
Asst.8R:(AU seven assortments above)
SW.5%750 ecs total:$10.95 -1,w 5 %.350 pcs total:$11.55
BREADBOARD JUMPER WIRE KIT
Each kit contains 350 wires cut to 14
different lengths from 0.1" to 5.0'.
Each wire
stripped and leads are
bent 90 for easy insertion. Wire
length iis classified by color coding.
All wire is solid tinned 22 gauge with
:7,:
come
ome
PVC i sultn. The
convenient plastic box.
packed n in
B K -1
$9.95
Asst.2)
Asst.3)
68,
PIECE
-$
250 page
INFORMATION
BOOKLET
Only $4.95
AUGUST 1977
19.50
9.50
8.25
6.75
635
LINEAR
FET INPUT OP AMP

1.60
LF355H
1.10
6.65 LF355N
22.50
.49 LF355AH
1.10
.95 LF356H
22.50
2.70 LF356AH
1.60
1.55 LF357H
1.10
1,40 LF357N
25.50
1.90 LF357AH
D53604N
5N74123N
SN74LS123N
SN74221N
S57520N
SN7525N
1.30
3.00
3.10
3.40
1.00 55751075
1.10 SN751088N
1.25 SN75109N
2.75 SN75110N
5N75234N
1.70
8 -BIT D TO A
2.40
2.40
CONVERTER
1.55 DAC -08CN
CALIFORNIA
ANCRONA
11080 Jefferson Blvd.
Culver City, CA 90230
(213) 390-3595
5.15
P2111 -2
P2111A
P2112
C2112
P2112 -2
2112A
MOS
SHIFT REGISTER
P2401
24.00
P2405
9.90
3.70
2505K
4.30
2512K
2.65
2521V
2.40
2524V
3.65
2525V
4.90
2533V
4,40
AM2802PC
4.40
AM2803PC
AM2804PC
4.40
3.70
AM2805HC
7,00
AM2806HC
AM2807PC
2,90
5,00AM2808PC
3.50
AM2809PC
AM2810PC
9.00
MICROPROCESSOR
AND SUPPORT
CIRCUITS
P80806
17.50
19.50
C8060A
4.10
P8212
8.95
P8214
P8216
3.90
6.20
AM8224PC
390 3347PC
P8226
8.20
AM8228PC
6.40
POWER
SI -1050G
WITH SPLIT SUPPLY
LEFT
SANKEN Series 0I -10000 amplifiers
are self- contained power hybrid amplifiers designed for Hi -Fi, stereo,
musical instruments, public address
systems and other audio applications.
The amplifiers have quasi- complementary class B output. The circuit
RIGHT
employs flip-chip transistors with
high reliability and passivated chip
power transistors with excellent secondary breakdown strength. Built -in
current limiting is provided for SI1050G and all devices can be operated from a single or split power
supply.
$ 6.90
SI -1010G (10W output)
$13.95
SI -1020G (20W output)
$19.00
SI -1030G (30W output) .
$26.80
SI -1050G (50W output) .
$0.50
Data Sheet with Application Notes
.
.
.
$3.90
AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIERS

5.5 WATT AN3 5
Designed for mobile radios, tape players, etc. Easy
to use, High Gain - 53 dB (Closed Circuit).
LOW PROFILE, SOLDER,
$3.90 ea.
TIN
25 -49 50 UP
1 -24
PLESSEY SL1600
.15
.16
.14
8 Pin
APPLICATIONS MANUAL
.17
,19
.18
14 Pin
Contains 114 pages circuit data, system design 16 Pin
31
.20
.19
Radio
Comand technical data for SL1600 Series
.26
.28
.27
18 Pin
munications Integrated Circuits.
$1.95
20 Pin
34
.36
.33
.35
24 Pin
.37
28 Pin
.44
.59
.62
.36
.43
22 Pin
PLESSEY SAMPLER
300 METALIZED CAPACITORS 36 Pin
18 DIFFERENT STD. VALUES 40 Pin
$26.00
.32
8 Pin
14 Pin
16 Pin
18 Pin
22 Pin
24 Pin
28 Pin
36 Pin
40 Pin
TTL Cookbook /21035/336 pgs
$8.95
512.95
IC OP -AMP Cookbook /20969/592 pst
Second Class Radiotelephone License Handbook,
$7.50
5th Ed./211 1 /448P9s
Transistor Substitution Handbook, 16th Ed
$4.95
21333/384 pgs
Reference Data for Radio Engineers, 6th Ed
$30.00
21218/1344 pgs
Basic Electricity /Electronics Series, Vol. 1: Basic
Principles and Applications /20167/320 pgs. $5.50
Transistor Specifications Manual, 815 Ed.
$6.95
21335/224 pgs
First Class Radio Telephone License Handbook,
$7.50
4th Ed./21144/416 pgs.
Semiconductor Replacement Guide
$3.95
21092/256 pgs
Building & Installing Electronic Intrusion Alarms
$4.50
20929/136 Pos
Understanding IC Operational Amplifiers
$3.95
20855/128 Pos
How To Use IC Logic Elements, 2nd Ed.
$4.50
21081/160 pgs
Understanding CMOS Integrated Circuits
$4.95
211929/144 P95
59.95
TV Typewriter Cookbook /21313/256 pgs
$9.95
CMOS Cookbook /21398 /414 pgs
1
.25
.27
.30
.35
.70
.49
.99
1.39
1.59
30
1.26
1.45
22
.24
.25
.30
.60
42
.81
1.15
1.30
.24
8 Pin
.30
.27
Pin
Pin
Pin
Pin
24 Pin
28 Pin
.35
.38
.52
.70
.32
.35
.47
.63
.29
.32
.43
,57
,70
.63
.57
36 Pin
40 Pin
1.10
1.75
1.00
1.40
.90
1.26
1.75
1.59
1.45
WIREWRAP GOLD
(Level No. 3)
.45
.39
.43
,75
1.05
1.40
1.59
40 Pin 1.75
Pin
Pin
Pin
Pin
Pin
Pin
36 Pin
10
14
16
18
24
28
35
49
a0
40
40
219929
28
251132
251613
34
36
40
50
126
.26
19
.60 25222N2218
2N2219
STANDARD, SOLDER,
GOLD
14
16
18
22
80
26
2N697
25699
25706
25711
25718
2N718A
25918
.57
.58
.61
.23
.25
.27
.32
.65
,45
2N TRANSISTORS
219 508A
.34 251893
.35 252102
252160
.42 2522118
STANDARD, SOLDER,
TIN
SAM'S BOOKS
(714) 547 -8424
4.75
5.25
82S25PC
93403PC
TYPICAL CONNECTIONS
INTERSIL 8038
PRECISION WAVEFORM
GENERATOR & VCO
1300 E. Edinger Ave.

Santa Ana, CA 92705
13.50
AMPLIFIERS
5.90
Power Amplifier IC's

TBA800
$1.95
5 watt
2.10
TBA810S 7 watt
2.10
TBA810AS 7 watt
1.35
TBA820
2 watt
TBA830$ 4.2 watt
1.95
3.30
TCA940
10 watt
4.20
TDA2002 8 watt
TDA2010 12W Hi -Fi 5.25
TDA2020 20W Hi -Fi 6.00
Our Ancrona Information Book
101 contains 92 pgs of data &
CALIFORNIA
ANCRONA
8.20
14.30
HYBRID
AUDIO
- $38.00
SGS -ATES - Audio
ANCRONA
No. 101
C2111
1130 P2111 -1
2.60 2813DC
5.85 2841DC
4.10 2841PC
1.90 3341PC
1,90 3341APC
1.95
4.35
3.90
3,90
C8251
C8255
3.70
5.65
3.70
3.70
4.20
2.90
5,65
3.70
4.20
P2111
- MEMORY
8 PIECES
1/2 WATT KIT

42 Different Values
(68E2 to 4.7 ma)
20 Each Value
43M
Each assortment contains 5 p
P3212
P3216
P3226
FIFO
28120C
DIP SOCKETS
13M
23K 22K 220K 22M

2,4K
2.7K
3.0K
3.3K
3.6K
COMPUTER
INTERFACE
MH0026CN
DS0056CN
DS3603N
MC1488L
MC1489L
MC1489AL
1.5 MSEC GUARANTEED
P/N 8038CCPD
1.1M
1,2M
2.20
3.60
4.00
4.20
4.20
4.25
5.05
4.25
4.45
5.05
AM8238PC
RAM
Multi -purpose linear amplifiers for comercial and industrial appl icacations.
Less than 0.5% harmonic distortion at full power level.
20 to 100,000 Hz.
1 /2 dB response from
Single or split (dual) power supply.
Rugged, compact and lightweight packages.
Built -in current limiting for SI -1050G and efficient heat
radiating construction.
CARBON FILM RESISTORS (5%)

Only in Multiples of
700 pcs per value (ohms)
%W ... $1.69 per 100
'41A1... $1.79 per 100
10 100 1.0K 10K 100K 1.0M
5.05
500/ls
application notes on using

SGS -ATES Audio Amps. Get
$4.95
your copy now. Only
RESISTORS
4 45
250/1$
650,Us
AM 1702A -6
ORIGINAL AMD
.15
.17
AM91L02PC
AM91L02APC
AM91L028PC
AM91L02CPC
AM91L11APC
AM91L118PC
AM91L11CPC
AM91L12APC
AM91L12BPC
AM91L12CPC
MN6040 C-MOS PLL -a single chip plase-locked loop intended

for use as a frequency synthesizer in CB transceivers and other
communications equipment.
$7.90
250
250
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
AM91L01CPC
JAPANESE TRANSISTORS
2SC1973
.85
258405
2$C1974
2/1.20
25C536
2SC1975
2/1.50
2SC828
2/1.50
2SC2034
2SC829
2$D72
2/1.40
2SC929
20D313
2/1.30
2SC930
1.00
2SD325
2SC933
3SK49
1.25
25C12266
2SC1359
.90
.039 250 .15

.047 250 .15
.056 250 .15
.068
.082
AM91L01APC
AM91L018PC
MOS
(C= CERAMIC DIP)
14,30
AM9551 DC
2.60
(P= PLASTIC DIP)
13.50
3.30 P2101
2.90 AM9555DC
3.30 C2101
5.60
BIPOLAR RAM
4.20 P3101
2.00 P2101 -1
4.40
2.95 P2101 -2
4.20 P3101A
4.75
2.10 P21016
4.75 SN]489N
3.20
7.50 P2102
1.70 $617461895
3.60
7.50 C2102
3.90 5N745289N
3.60
2.95 P2102 -1
3.45 IM5501CPE
3.20
3.10 P2102 -2
3.25 MM6560N
3.20
1.65 P21026
3.70 MM6561N
3.20
2.90 P21026-2
4.00 DM8599N
3,30
55752075
SN75208N
DM8820N
DM8820AN
DM8830N
2048 BIT E -PROM
DM8831N
13.40 DM8832N
C17026
4.00
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06883861
5872613
1024x8 BIT E -PROM 9601PC
3.90 C2708
33.50 9602PC
fo $1.20
1.10
1.95
1.50
SN75235N
SN75238N
SN75239N
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FOR MAIL ORDERS USE ONLY THIS ADDRESS: P. O. Box 2208P, Culver City, CA
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TAPE -SLIDE SYNCHRONIZER,
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Same day shipment. First line parts only. Factory

tested. Guaranteed money back. Quality IC's and
other components at factory prices.
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
004W8
28
150 7400
74009
74024
74044
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17
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21L5_1
General purpose or medical
.90
4]5
32--230f.
Not
a Cheap Clock Kit $17.45

Includes everything except case. 2 -PC
boards. 6 -.50" LED Displays. 5314 clock
chip, transformer, all components and
full instructions. Same clock kit with .80"
displays.
$22.75
Digital Temperature Meter Kit
Indoor and outdoor. Automatically

switches back and fdrth. Beautiful. 50"
LED readouts. Nothing like it
Needs no additional parts for
full operation. Will measure
+200 F, air or liquid. Very
Complete instructions.
575
0134566
2.25
004583
1.50
1.35 004595
2.10
25 0040192 3.00
Disposable probe cover .2 accuracy.

Completely assembled w /compact case.
available.
MM53750.470
1.1M53754113
3.90
05002605
3.75
050056CN
375
5.85
6'g
25 38
bllet
not
A
18
22
43
10
61
WCROPROCE3seR
8050 rnm daM
16.00
25
4.50
8.50
8.50
2150
7.9U
LOP15020
30.00
moo
UARTIeW
IB 50
2
MM5309
MM5311
MM5312
M05313
50
300
350
4.50
360
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BMNZ
20
32
Hz
Cl
950
]02A
3.95
3.25
BB
485
98z5129
N825131
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500
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4.50
.50
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2.50
Print Name
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MIIU0031Ur module
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2.95
23500
13.50
RAM p20rd
OnM
M1
hex
49500
4ey
50
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Address
preen
2130
G .20
MA471
0L7 10170711
30
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01727
CA
5L128
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F9D359
04400225
CC
357
70
040550410
.50500
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F00300
CC
.500 1.90
1
90
800 2.20
W 800 2.20
M0807
State
Zip
Residents of Calif., Col., Fla., Ill., Mich., Mo.,
N.Y. State, D.C. and Tex. add applicable sales tax.
City
2.90
I.W
.3ao
088 Fluorescent
O G10 fluoresces.
a1p4y
m up
Signature
SFM 3 Eip
x5N699 Sod M1May
1.75
1
75
'13
60
MIND -ABSORBING PROJECTS FOR

ELECTRONIC EXPERIMENTERS
AND HOBBYISTS
]SZOpHee+photoceKS
9.SB
12hrd0ccdbtl,
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15 W
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3000
EXPIDINIENTERS
MPS
1A74532104 01004 Orner

1611889 114E31557
Gl AY38500.1
As low as 10 Hz .6 -.50" digits with PC

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$40.00
13.]5
300
18.50
Designed for use with electronic siren

module. AC power, battery backup, entry/
exit delay. Instant alarm for night use.
NO /NC circuits. Test and arm indicators.
2 amp switching capability. All parts with
complete instructions minus power supply. Electronic siren module kit. $2.75
Function Module Card Kit

Converts any frequency counter into 3'/z
digit DVM, digital thermometer, pulse
& square generator from 10 Hz to 100 kHz.
Complete kit minus power supply. $25.00
Clock Calendar Kit $29.95
Volt/ohm Probe
CT7015 direct drive chip displays date

and time on .6" LEDS with AM -PM indicator. Alarm /doze feature includes buzzer. Complete with all parts, power supply
and instructions, less case.
Batt. oper. AC/DC to 125 V. 2 pos. volt.

and 2 neg. volt. plus continuity. Stainless
steel, pocket size. comp. assem. $34.95
Hobbiest Electronics Course

Beginning course in practical electronics,
no theory. Lab experiment format. 12 lessons, can be purchased one at a time.
$10.00 per lesson
Stopwatch Kit $26.95
1977 IC Update Master
instructions. White or black plexiglass

case.
$5.00
Cosmac 'ELF' Kit
60 Hz Crystal Time Base
Kit $4.75
Converts digital clocks

from AC line frequency to crystal time
base. Outstanding accuracy. Kit includes:
PC board, MM5369, crystal, resistors,
capacitors and trimmer.
Auto Clock Kit $15.95
RCA CMOS Ex-
pandable Microcomputer. New PC board

with monitor on PROM included. No hard
wiring required. All on board including
power supply. Complete kit of parts with
assembly users manual.
$109.00
Board only $14.95. Special case $15.00
CIRCLE
NO
45
ON
FREE
INFORMATION
clock with 4 -.50" displays. Uses National MA1012 module with alarm option.
Crystal time base PC boards and full instructions. Add $3.95 for a beautiful
DC
dark gray case ready to install. This is

the best value available anywhere!
for your copy of our 1977

QUEST CATALOG. Include 132 stamp.
FREE: Send
1977
ELECTRONIC
EXPERIMENTER'S HANDBOOK
Helps you get it together

with a score of
build -it- yourself projects.
2.5 MHz Frequency Counter Kit
TERMS: $5.00 min. order U.S. Funds. Calif residents add 6% tax.
BankAmericard and Master Charge accepted.
Shipping charges will be added.
112
4.50
5.7143 M117
6.5536 MHz
18.112 MNi
power
88BW
8.95
2 25
11.95
2.25
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22.1181MHZ 450
50
All parts
Full six digit battery operated. 2 -5 volts.

3.2768 MHz crystal accuracy. Times to
59 minutes, 59 seconds, 99 1/100 sec.
Times standard, split and Taylor. 7205
chip, all components minus case. Full
Complete integrated circuit

data selector from all manufacturers.
1,234 page master reference guide to
the latest IC's including microprocessors
and consumer circuits. 17,000 cross
references for easier sourcing of hard to
get parts. Special pricing: $24.95, with
free update service thru 1977. Domestic
postage $2.00. Foreign $6.00.
5.105YXe
6e'oBwrd 0/eonrwwor 12.50

Ndea Inlnaa 0ard 4X
EPROM ba5 wit
'11;.a
regulation. Remote pense capability. Constant voltage /circuit limit can be modified
for other V/I ranges. Complete with board
and transformers.
$24.00
Manual
.50
50
5.0688 ACC
Motorola 143800 Mt II
8223
F.
3.2]68MHe
COMPUTER 8030 10 K
BK WM Ba5 q1
ENaOM Kit
fiK
2<.5500
0M5577
3.50
2.097152 MIS 775
2A576 7411Z
7.50
1.B433MNa]_50
Crystal time base. Covers audio, amateur

and CB band. 6.5" digits, prescalabte with
PC board and full instructions.
$55.00
Fully wired and tested.
$75.00
0-12 VDC @V2A, less than .1% line, load
11.z5
planyebw.tlri
ti
22 aMa
N92513
31825126
23
NZ
30 MHz Frequency Counter Kit
Variable Power Supply Kit
02P2 Trenslwma
RYE
12 aon 100 ma lanemrmw 1.25
2 6v
600 mx
3.75
PROM
MAOIW.00rE.IA'
20100 M97
3.90
3.90
1.90
4.00
14144
M50750
-100 to
$39.95
20
425
425
125
Mt
complete,
accurate.
10
3....5793.141171.62
II55
KI1.1nAr
a. veo..
164N1
10 MH7
800
8211
CO%502e0
CLOCKS
Nam, pod
4.50
4.50
11.50
a.
PA. elms
144100'21.CorE.SO102173 7ranstamer
Joropo Rtl
Jumen Wean 25
Jumbo
.25
Jum Orono 25
10
20
Mkt
WS
to 5 MNa
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.43
COO* rid. anos.

2
[X
Corselets alarm rloUn

to
up wNh transformer arA
Very tompatl Wtlr
spec
730l stow
9RON. Leo
804604
7.50
CLOCK 1400111E1
1450
7019
Catow
Operates 5-18 1'0Y OL

25' LEO O.sp4y
SP
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11.95
.00
corvine .ml
7-o
pAYM
9.00
3141Mw Mom PushSMOn

3 0113 0404441
took
new 8N3
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p10,
p77-0yp
9.50
9.55
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00808 0016
8228
1.00
TM
4210
%
2B
4,13,45
d
P',74.
041
18
012
10
1.w Pee31e
03 1300 per rya

.025 350 piece 80450
915
5 per type
BFYBOAM6
ffyy459205514.%
x5000165 enm0er 6.95
Roder Mad
MM50104
250
Is 60[T!
All Black
Maroon Back, Black Sides
ENCLOSED IS $
CHARGE:
BankAmericard
Master Charge
American Express
Diners Club
PE -87
Account #
Exp. Date
Master Charge Interbank #
CHECK:
705865 Woewztch Timer

PC
IC
1650
9.075
13d110-3
P2011C1
CHARGE YOUR ORDER TO YOUR AMERICAN

EXPRESS, BANKAMERICARD, MASTER
CHARGE OR DINERS CLUB ACCOUNT.
81765445 PRODUCTS
Hex
725
8251
8255
595
25
Digital Thermometer $65.00
900
1.50
400
505
5.50
I.DD
2_W
0M63
1080
4. 50
2107
210
3:I
5.50
L' 10 per lype

25 per rya
100 per 2pe
MM5865
017001
077002
077010
017015
1.75 YOMEIIDRr RAM 8224

10
84337035
M115841
Bttfi
1.50
04M53710
3.90
W
5.00
350
C04515
1.3
75
zs
save your valuable copies, keep
ELECTRONICS
MM5314
MM5315
MM5316
MM5318
MM5369
50
.10
.45
W550
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37
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Please sent th Magazine Cases indicated below:

TITLE
QUANTITY
1050
740021
62
CM`+552108}
70
50
LM370
275
740221
25 740905
3.55 710906
55 740914
7
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C04075
175 020076
39 054018
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90 520072
75108
300
120 74CI54
10
255
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]80405
50
1743408.15
1M3408.24
1313107.5
LM310r-8
LM3e0T12
74174340]31
52AN
9505
.75
W 5097
8095
1.43094
LM311HM
0004028
1.93935
135
74190N
7405303
L533N
25 740192
U5
LM301MV6H
11550541
.75
741]50
7415020
7115040
7415054
7415099
7415109
7415133
7415115
7415205
7413225
1.80
.90
LM3.2502900N
CAxM2
.95
I.b 740160
1.15 c01010
0A3081
1. 0
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95
905
0030 9/4/
010P0
275
0A71149
1.40
1.15
1.40
2.10
35
004023
604024
LM18W
1M1812
1.91889
LM2111
28
2.95
Cd022
C04017
.95
]50046
2.28
74030
.10
Cd01
2.05
LINEAR
.25 74020
125 71048
125 74024
fi2
35
LM741
1.50
1.50
7,13557
74131624
74151639
230
33
28
.53
.50 740 76
1.00 74090
275 74063
100 740106
135 740107
50
71151519
719017
004012
1.50
1.50 Ld011
DAN
101381
111382
3B
74829
74954
74959
74010
0 74004
way
Ziff -Davis Serv. Div., Dept.11, 595 B'way, N.Y.10012
303804
65
.23
41f4
004009
4.50 004010
ideal
them well protected and make it easy for you to

refer to any issue at any time. Both decorative and
attractive enough`to enhance the decor of any room,
each case holds a full year's copies. Constructed of
reinforced fiberboard, these durable cases are
covered in a rich -textured leatherette. The gold
embossed back adds to its elegance and makes
each case a welcome addition to your bookshelf
or cabinet.
Cases are available for your favorite magazines.
Only $5.95 each, 3 for $15.50 in any combination
of titles, including all postage and handling charges.
Outside U.S.A. add $1 per case.
SLEEP learning. Hypnotic method. 92% effective. Details

freq. ASR Foundation, Box 23429EG, Fort Lauderdale,
Florida 33307.
TREASURE FINDERS
7400m
and theory. Chris Trewhella, 58 Wendy Lane, Burnt Hills,

NY 12027.
This latest edit on includes a host of exciting construction projec-s for audio buffs -Audio -Controlled
Detailed Power Shut Off; 9- Channel Stereo Equalizer
For fun and games -FLIP, a CMOS Logic Game;
Sound Effects with the 555 IC Timer
.
. for experimenter's-ESP Testing Machine; How to Make
Double -Sided PC Boards; IC Digital Logic Memory
Probe
. for computer/calculator enthusiasts-An
Under -$30
Scientific Calculator; Microcomputer
Primer; Bits -to -Jots Computer Video. There's a host
of other projects including The Executive Digital
Temper Countdowner
Versatile Nickel- Cadmium Battery Charger
Shirt- Pocket Metronome
Hall Effect
Magnetometer e Low -Cost Metal Locater
3 -Way
Photo Flash Tr pper
The 99 -cent Wonder IC
High -Value Electrolytic Capacitor Meter
Guitar
Sound Intensifier
IC Photo Tachometer
R -F Transistor Tester
And more! PLUS: Microcomputer product buying guide and a basic digital logic course.
All with complete construction plans, parts lists and
printed- circuit Doe rd patterns. Many projects are
unique designs not available elsewhere. Only $1.85!
PE-87
Ziff-Davis Publishing Co.

Consumer Service Division
595 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10012
Please send the 1977 ELECTRONIC EXPERIMENTER'S

HANDBOOK. I'm enclosing $1.85 ($1.50 plus 35c
for postage and handling). Outside U.S.A. $3.00,
postpaid.
Residents of Calif., Col., Fla., Ill., Mich., Mo.,
N.Y. State, D.C. and Tex. add applicable sales tax
(postage and handling charges non -taxable).
print name
address
city
state
zip
CARD
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
COUPLER
ACOUSTIC
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Popular Electronics
..----110
AUGUST 197)
ADVERTISERS INDEX
READER
SERVICE NO.
INVENTORS: Manufacturers Need New Products. Free

"Recommended Procedure," by a creative fee -based
invention service company. Washington Inventors Service,
422 -T Washington Building, Washington, D. C. 20005.
34
113
103
104
111
26
Products, Inc
Ace Electronics
A P
3
4
6
7
Active Electronic Sales Corp

Advanced Microcomputer Products
Ancrona Corp
Audio -Technica U.S. Inc
Avanti Research & Development, Inc
B &F
11
C B
RECOGNITION... FINANCIAL
REWARD...OR CREDIT
90
CREI Capitol Radio Engineering
Institute
Cleveland Institute of
Electronics, Inc
12
13
Cobra, Product of Dynascan
60, 61, 62, 63
22, 23, 24, 25

SECOND COVER
63
Continental Specialties Corporation

Control & Information Systems, Inc.
14
15
Digi -Key Corporation

Digital Group, The
105
38
16
18
EICO
86
114
64
19
20
76
Edmund Scientific Co
Electra Company
Empire Scientific Corp
Extron LIFESCREEN Projection System
21
Fluke
22
23
Godbout Elecs., Bill

Grantham College of Engineering
94
106
Radio Repair Course, Inc
I
I
idea
15
6
83
37
Heath Company
108
86
MOLEX I.C. PINS 10011.98

1000/16.95
WRAP WIRE
Solid Silver Plated 30 AWG
Available in Blue, Yellow,
Black, White, Red, and
Green. 100' spool $2.50,
500' spool $5,95, 1000' spool
$9.95
26 AWG Red or Black 500'
Tool $7.95 1000' spool
12.50.
KYNAR WIRE
Name
78, 79, 80, 81
90
110
24
25
Illinois Audio
International Electronics Unlimited
26
33
James Electronics
Johnson Co., E.F.
67
Kendon Manufacturing
92
34
35
36
66
37
38
McIntosh Laboratory Inc

M & R Enterprises
83
MITS
27
91
39
100, 101
FOURTH COVER
12
Mallory & Co., P.R.

Motorola
Motorola Semiconductors
NRI Schools
New -Tone Electronics
21
73
16,17,
107
OK Machine & Tool Corporation

OK Machine & Tool Corporation
43
44
PAIA Electronics
Poly Paks
77
45
Quest Electronics
112
46
47
Radio Hut
95
87
108
48
49
50
65
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
Optoelectronics
Radio Shack
Ramsey Electronics
S.A.E.
S.D.Sales Co
93
110
109
99
10
96
28
74
70
106
Sabtronics
Sencore
Shure Brothers Inc
Solid State Sales
13
Southwest Technical Products Corporation ..
THIRD COVER
Stanton Magnetics, Inc
Techni -Tool Inc
Tri -Tek, Inc
59
U.S. Pioneer Electronics

Ungar
60
61
Weller -Xcelite Inc

Winthrop -Rogers Ltd
58
11
12
75
2
1
70
7
zip
Write: United States Inventors Service Company, Dept.

1435 G Street NW, Washington DC 20005.
AUGUST 1977
4x12"
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
ELECTRONICS /AVIONICS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES. Report on jobs now open. Details FREE. Aviation
Employment Information Service, Box 240E, Northport,
New York 11768.
--
FANTASTIC PAY! All Occupations.

OVERSEAS JOBS
$2.00. TRANSWORLD, InternaComputerized Reports
tional Airport, Box 90802 -N Los Angeles, Calif. 90009
OVERSEAS JOBS! All Occupations! Complete details.
Where and how to apply. Latest company lists. Resume
tips. $2.00. Information Services, P.O. Box 3345P, Cocoa,
FL 32922.
REAL ESTATE
2,500 top
values coast to coast! UNITED FARM AGENCY, 612 -EP,
West 47th, Kansas City, MO 64112.
.50
.75
1.00
.1, r r
6'2"
W
iF .A
rrr
.*
RIIvTEFFOR 1';3e
CAT.il.( G
Jr IP b.
F
POWER CO DS BLACK OR
KIT
u,I2.95
eITE
, AN AR
An assortment of Precision
components for calibration
of leaf equipment.
Kit includes (10) assorted
1%
capacitors, (10) assorted 0.01%

resistors, and (1) temperature
compensated aerie, reference
ONLY $6.95
diode.
DYNAMIC RA
4096 -BI7 low power 400MW.

removed from sockets tested
and guaranteed. .49.95/ea.
with 22 pin socket and data.
8 FOR $64.95
COMPUTER GRADE CAPS

32D COMPULYTIC
5900MFD -6000C 10/112.50
36D COMPULYTIC
5000MFD -60VDC 10/19.00
gytm
6310
1392 turns
50mh
OSma
10 for $2.95
ELECTRONIC
PARTS
ITCHELLDALE B -B
5400
NOI15T0 N-. TEXAS 77092
ilk
CIRCLE
NO.
ON
FREE
shaft
%s"
-, /ea.
10
I"
dia.
base
for $4.95
TRIAC
19.95
29.95
39.95
SAME PRICE
LINEAR POT
10E
1
100
2.50
4.00
5.00
SINGLE SIDED
HOME ENTERTAINMENT FILMS

is ready!
"500"
"WHEELS KEEP ROLLING"
Super 8 Vivid Eastman Color, 200' reel + script, $19.95 ea.
Open
golf
a
US
Johnny Miller's "Miracle at Oakmont," 200'
film, $7.95 ea Super 8 B& W; $18.95 ea Super 8 Color (save
a buck). For 400' Super 8 Color Mag Sound, $44.95 ea
limited offer! Guinness World Records now
(save $5.00)
all the sports stars (like Hank Aaron, Mark Spitz)
on film
choice of 3 different volumes, 200' Super 8 Color Sound,
order No.
$29.95 ea; 200' Super 8 Color Silent, $19.95 ea
to start. Add 75 cents postage & handling for each film
8
Universal
catalog,
$0.85;
ordered. Send for Columbia
catalog, $0.75; Sportlite forms, $0.35. SPORTLITE, Elect-B,
20 N. Wacker Dr., Chicago, IL 60606.
10
57/7"
- -
TEFLON TUBING ASSORTMENT

25/6" LENGTHS VARIOUS SIZES
AND COLORS
81.95
PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS

c'lo 1/16" UNETCHED
COPPER CLAD los. 2
SIDED.
3x6"
PC BOARDS from your art. Send SASE for info. Assembly

Systems, Box 221, Wadsworth, OH 44281.
BIG...NEW...FREE...FALL CATALOG! Over

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING
94, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 113
60HZ. CRYSTAL TIME BASE

SPECIAL OFFER ON MINI
KIT INCLUDES MM5369 and
3579.545KHZ. CRYSTAL with
$3.95
SCHEMATIC.
SIZE
ITEN
il
11.1.
Ili, 119.95
II II /TIP
SERVICES
1976 Indy
it
,e
TMS4030JL
MINI KIT
Area Code
FREE PAMPHLET: "Tips on Marketing Your Invention ",

from an experienced fee -based invention service company.
18, 19
62
40
41
42
Olson Electronics
State
Phone No
i,,.
HEAT SHRINK TUBING ASST

25/6" LENGTHS VARIOUS SIZES
AND COLORS
12.9
At no cost or obligation. please rush

my FREE "Inventor's Kit No. A- 112 ".
ICity
/SOC NEON BULB

1000 /$39.95
NE -2N
100/14.95
If.1.U1
TH
TH
of $3.25
FI S l'iI Pl.
1115111
1fxl, rs
rommin anode .31.50

4 for $5.95
230 Park Avenue North. New York,NY 10017
people
MOTOR $s95
PITTMAN 12
as low
as 2 vola,
esse on
The Pittman
rated 12 volts 250 ma., 2.8 Inch oz.
et 5000RPM. 1 1/8 "DIA X 2"
torque
815.00
Iona with 0.118" shaft. New, Guaranteed.
HEWLETT l'1f.A MP
'73i1 .:J rear. BED
YI
RAYMOND LEE ORGANIZATION
the
for
10
FOR "INVENTING IT FIRST' MAY BE YOURS!

IIf you have an idea -for a new product, or a way
to make an old product better, contact us, "the
idea people" We'll develop your idea, introduce it to
industry. negotiate for cash sale or royalty licensing.
Write now without cost or obligation for free
information. Fees are charged only for contracted
services. So send for your FREE "Inventor's Kit" It
has important Marketing Information. a special
"Invention Record Form" and a Directory of 1001
Corporations Seeking New Products.
Address
(1E10
Enterprises
Bullet Electronics
8
10
an
This coupler was manufactured by Novation,Inc, Tarzana,

California for use in Texas Instruments model 725 Electronic Terminal. It is compatible with Bell 103 and 113
data sut or the equivalent. The coupler operates asynchronously to e maximum speed of 300 baud in the full
or halt -duplex ;lode. All Signal outputs are compatible
with TTL. Transmit freq. is 1270hz for mark and 1070hz
for space. Receive freq. is 2225hz for mark and 2025hz
for space. Unit requires 12 volts and +5 volti for operation. Complue with schematic and all pertinent information
fully reconditioned, calibrated and guaranteed.
44.50
*RS232 to TTL and TTL to RS232 converter kit
(includes P.C. board and schematic)
TMS 5000
ASCII KEYBOARD
2480 t0C
ENCODE!? CHIP
'ASR 33 Teletype Code
with data)
'Data -Ready Pulsed Output
'Interne/ Oscillator
'Compatible With Reed And Mechanical Switches
'ETC Compatible Inputs And Outputs
INVENTIONS WANTED
PAGE NO.
ADVERTISER
,._
instruments catalog.
Freeport Music, 114 G. Mahan St., W. Babylon, N.Y. 11704.
UP TO 60% DISCOUNT. Name brand
G.E.
SCSIB
in press
fit
I5A 200V
case.
Ideal
VAT
for color organe.

10
FOR $12.50
SPECIAL OFFER
100/54.95
$1.50 /ea.
ON fN914B
1000/539.95
EAGLE -PICHER
CF6V5 6voll 5A.H.
spill- proof, recharge
ble battery.
1I2.50 /ea.
10/899.95
EN -1 YEAR WARRANTY
TERMS: Include check or money
order. NO COD. Texa.+ residents add
5% sales lax. Canada and Mexico
add 12.50. Overseas countries add
85.00 for audace ralee. We pat,
INFORMATION
CARD
RUBBER STAMPS
RUBBER STAMPS, BUSINESS CARDS. Many new products. Catalog. Jackson's, Dept. K, Brownsville Rd., Mt.
Vernon, III. 62864.
BOOKS AND MAGAZINES

FREE book prophet Elijah coming before Christ. Wonderful
bible evidence. Megiddo Mission, Dept. 64, 481 Thurston
Rd., Rochester, N.Y. 14619.
Ameco, Arrl, Cowan, Gilfer,

TECHNICAL MANUALS
Rider, RCA Radio Callbook, Sams, Tab, T.I. Postage 35
cents bk, ppd. Five. Madison Electronics, 1508 McKinney,
Houston, Texas 77002.
MISCELLANEOUS
WINEMAKERS: Free illustrated catalog yeasts, equipment.
Samples, Box 12276P, Minneapolis, Minn. 55412.
113
NEW WIDE FIELD

TELESCOPE
Enjoy clearest,
brightest,
most spectacular wiceangle views of stars,

moon, comets with our
unique, easy -to -use, portable 41/4 "; f14 Newtonian
SAVE
50%
20 MONOC JLAR
Top -quality Spy Scope, a
8 o
reflector. Top quality op

tics provide fine resolu
tion. Only I7 ", 10 lbs.!
$149.95
-po
No. 2001
$30 value, now $14.95!

Special purchase saves
50%. 100% coated
optics; 393 ft. field of
view. Only 2 oz.
stores
in pocket, purse, glove
you
box.
No. 156
Pod8
$14.95
SAVE 50
Parabolic mike w:
183/4" transparent
reflecting shield & 2 I.C.'s in amplifier
magnifies signals 100X over omnidirect on mikes. Catch sounds never
before heard; highest signal to noise
No. 72,275 (READY

TO PLAY!) ..
51/2 lb.
No. 1649 (REQ.

29V BATT.)
$299.00
MUSIC
IN PULSATING COLOR
3- Channel
Color
Free Catalog
Organ
EA.
MEASURE WIYD SPEED

ANYWHERE
Hold handy 116 oz.!) low cost
lamps w
intensity of
your music "Audio light
KNOW YOUR. ALPHA FROM THETA!

For greater relaxation & concentra-
show" flashes, responds

to rhythym, pitch!
tion, monitor your Alpha; Theta

brainwaves with audio or visual
signals on Biosone II. Features
of $200 -up units. Incl. 3
$1 0O .50
No. 42,30S
(ASSEMBLED
feedback
_ASSEMBLED)Ur
$15.95
modes)
"
(91/zx55az41, ")
Pod
4 -Ib.
SUPER POWER FOR

ANY AM RADIO
Antenna assist has pulled
in station 1,000 miles off!
No wires clips, grounding.
Solid state -no batteries,

tubes, plugs.
$19.95
No.
ULTRA SELECT -A -TENNA

No. 72,147..
Ppd
$24.95
'pd.
Anemometer into the wind,

quickly read wind speed on its big
dial
from 5 to 70 mph. Acc. to
3 of fu'l scale (2.1 mph); no
batts., adjus ments. 'ecalibration
req.!
No. 42,428
17" HIGH)
$149.95
No. 71,809
FOR BEGINNERS)
$19.95
Ppd.
If
Our fully transistorized

BFO unit can locate a
Quarter at 18 ". Powerful
oscillator -amplifier circuit. Comp. to

others priced 50% more!
Aluminum, just 2 lb.
6 trans-
QUALITY
Send for your FREE

164 page Edmund
Scientific Catalog
with over 4500 bargains
DETECTOR
UNDER $40
No.
80,222..
Pod
$39.95
toowrwo
EDMUND SCIENTIFIC CO.
noilL
Dept. AV -15, Edscorp Bldg.
Barrington, N.J. 08007
114
EDMUND SCIENTIFIC CO.
Please send me the following items

indicated below:
Dept. AV -16, Edscorp Bldg.

Barrington, New Jersey 08007
Stock No.
Send GIANT 164 Page Catalog

packed with over 4,000
Charge My
Amer. Exp.
nterbank a
unusual bargains.
Card
BAC
Address
have
Price
Qty.
MC
Exp. Date
Handling
30 DAY GU ARANTE
Ms: be co mpletely salis
tied with arty Edmund item or
return it w thin 30 days for
a toll retool.
You
City
Acct 0
Sig
Name
Z p
p
$5995
FREE CATALOG
114
$19.95
Pod.
lets you modulate 3 independ. strings of colored
State
@$17.95
SAVE! buy 3 or more
...
SEE
AM/ FM WALL RADIO
will
PRO ELECTROMC SOUND CATCHER
ratio poss.
%- DELUXE
Great surplus buy saves you 50% on brand new

AM FM Deluxe Wall Radio w' handsome silver
black control panel. Mount anywhere den, kitchen.
bedroom, off ce, workshop. Self -cont. Philco.Ford
radio chassis (141 x 313R x 31/2 ")
transistors, vol. cortrol, AM.. FM hi- sensitivity tuner, A ;C
23/4" dia. speaker, 71i2" 110V AC cord. Orig. cost
$30 ea. in 3')00 quant. for natl. motel chain Pc
tail value over $40! Buy several now
$1.00
Name
Address
State
City
Zip
1
CIRCLE
NO
1s
ON
FREE
INFORMATION
CARD
POPULAR ELECTRONICS
The importance of precision in quality control

and accurate playback for analysis
of sound, are the reasons MCA states...
"Stanton
is
totally reliable,we depend on it"

Inspecting
MCA (Music Corporation of America) is one of the truly

big ones in record production. Quality control in every
aspect of their manufacturing, plating and printing is of
crucial importance. That is why they use Stanton's Callibrated 681 Series, both in their quality control operation
and in their playback for analysis of audio quality.
They even go so far as to use the needle to test the
Mother (Nickel)
and it stands the wear"
Throughout the recording industry, both the large and
...
For further information write to: Stanton Magnetics, Terminal Drive, Plainview, N.
NO.
55
CN
metal mother in the Plating Department.
the small depend on Stanton for every aspect of the record producing operation. Each of the 681 Calibration Series is
guaranteed to meet its specifications within exacting limits
and the most meaningful warranty possible
individual
calibration test results comes packed with each unit.
Whether your usage involves recording,
broadcast, or home entertainment, your
choice should be the choice of the professionals ... the Stanton 681.
...
CIRCLE
FREE
INFORMATION
CARD
Y.
11803
A 66% lead over the next brand.
That's how independlent truckers rate Johnson CB.

Independent truckers. The guys who own their
own rigs and equip them the way they like because that's
"home" as they roll more than 100,000 miles every year.
Performance and reliability mean a lot to these
professionals.
What kind of CBs do they buy? Johnson ... 66%
more of them ride with a Johnson CB than the next
leading brand, according to a recent survey:*
And for 1977, we ve got a whole new line of
4 D-channel CBs for truckers, for you and for everybody
who's serious about quality. CBs with more features and
more value per dollar than ever before.
Exclusive features like our
X300D single chip PLL frequency
synthesis circuitry for greater
accuracy and reliability. And our exclusive Tapered

Automatic Noise Limiter that adjusts itself to changing
noise conditions. Or the brightest idea in S/RF meters
yet-Johnson's PowerBar LED meter that can be read
accurately at a glance from any angle.
Johnson's electronic speech compression gives
maximum transmit range and Johnson's voice-tailored
audio circuitry delivers quieter, better reception.
Of course, you still get Johnson's solid, made-inAmerica quality and reliability. Plus the best
warranty/service protection in CB-one year
on parts and labor with more than 1,000 Authorized
Johnson CB Service Centers nationwid
Johnson CB. Clearly the professional's choice.
2.:
Independent Trucker Survey results available upon request
JOHNSON
PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS DIVISION
E E. JOHNSON COMPANY, CLEAR LAKE. IOWA 50428
In Canada' A. C. &almonds K Sons, Ltd.
CIRCLE
NO.
33
ON
FREE
INFORMATION
CARD

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What are some of the features of the Cobra 138XLR Single Sideband CB radio?

What are some of the features of the Cobra 138XLR Single Sideband CB radio?

What are some advantages of sidebanding over AM according to the passage?

What are some advantages of sidebanding over AM according to the passage?

WORLDS LARGEST- SELLING ELECTRONICS MAGAZINE

HOW TO AVOID STATIC DAMAGE TO M

Introducing the mobile that can move

And like all Cobras it comes equipped

Punches through loud and clear.

AM USB LS8 VOICE LOCK

Ungar's new "S,"

WHEN YOU'RE NOT IN A RUSH

less susceptible to voltage variations. And less

WE BRING IT BACK ALIVE.

Pioneer Electronics, 85 Oxford Drive, Moonachie, New Jersey 07074

AUGUST 1977 VOLUME 12, NUMBER 2

CHOOSING PORTABLE AND MOBILE TAPE RECORDERS

Tape enthusiasts need not be tied to a wall socket.

NEW BAND FOR "KIDDIE- TALKIES"

TTL LOGIC QUIZ

An electronic percussion synthesizer.

SHUT -OFF TIMER FOR BATTERY- POWERED APPLIANCES

MORE ON USING CALCULATORS AS STOPCLOCKS

HOBBY SCENE Q & A

CB Development News and Views.

JULIAN HIRSCH AUDIO REPORTS

ELECTRONIC PRODUCT TEST REPORTS

Elitism Finely Drawn.

POPULAR ELECTRONICS, August 1977, Volume 12, Number 2, Published

Editorial correspondence: POPULAR ELECTRONICS, 1 Park Ave., New

ELITISM FINELY DRAWN

William Ziff, Chairman

The Pattis Group, 4761 West Touhy Ave.,

Member Audh Bureau

With QT solderless breadboarding sockets and bus strips,

tie -points feature snap /lock design to expand or

and budget requirement.

Versatility- Use with virtually

connections or circuit changes is

sockets with abrasion- resistant,

are 33" thick

See your CSC dealer or call

44 Kw-KIWI Street. Box 1942. New Haven, CT 06509

system sounds better.

was unable to obtain the recommended

"The Morse -A- Letter" in the January 1977

Do not connect pins 4, 6, 9, 10, and 11 of the

TESTING SEQUENTIAL IC'S

The "Photoelectric Sensor's" (January

The "Digital IC Tester" (June 1977) may

VIDEO GAMES AND PIX TUBE ETCHING

UPPING THE COUNT RANGE

GETTING PIN NUMBERS STRAIGHT

FILTERING CUT THE NOISE

am very happy with the performance of

LCD Watch Breakthrou h...

constant readout (no buttons to push) precision quartz electronic watch

Never again missing an appointment beof time.

be coming or going or doing all that your