TR Landscape Rev
TR Landscape Rev
TR Landscape Rev
(SOFTSCAPE) NC II
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AGRICULTURE AND FISHERY SECTOR
SECTION 1
SECTION 2
COMPETENCY STANDARDS
Basic Competencies
Common Competencies
Core Competencies
SECTION 3
TRAINING STANDARDS
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
SECTION 4
Annex A:
2-13
14-23
24-75
Curriculum Design
Basic Competencies
Common Competencies
Core Competencies
Training Delivery
Trainee Entry Requirements
List of Tools, Equipment and Materials
Training Facilities
Trainers' Qualifications
Institutional Assessment
76
77
78-80
81
82
82
82
83
83
84
COMPETENCY MAP
85
DEFINITION OF TERMS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
86-89
90
TRAINING REGULATIONS
LANDSCAPING NC II
SECTION 1 LANDSCAPING NC II QUALIFICATION
Landscape Installation and Maintenance NC II consists of competencies that a person
must achieve in installing and maintaining landscape designs for all types of development
projects including residential, commercial, industrial, institutional and open space areas. It also
includes competency in growing plants and trees with a goal of creating beautiful and
environmentally healthy landscapes. Workers at this level will be working under the supervision
of a landscape supervisor / manager.
This Qualification is packaged from the competency map of the Agriculture and Fishery
Sector as shown in Annex A.
The Units of Competency comprising this Qualification include the following:
CODE
500311105
500311106
500311107
500311108
CODE
AGR321201
AGR321202
AGR321203
CODE
AGR611371
AGR611372
AGR611373
AGR611374
AGR611375
AGR611376
AGR611377
AGR611378
AGR611379
AGR611380
AGR611381
AGR611382
AGR611383
AGR611384
BASIC COMPETENCIES
Participate in Workplace Communication
Work in Team Environment
Practice Career Professionalism
Practice Occupational Health and Safety Procedures
COMMON COMPETENCIES
Apply safety measures in farm and nursery operations
Use farm and nursery tools and equipment
Perform estimation and calculations
CORE COMPETENCIES
Installation / Construction
Provide site clearing and grubbing activities
Perform rough-grading operations
Perform site preparation activities
Install plants at designated locations as designed
Install plant supports
Maintenance
Trim and prune landscape plants
Perform weeding and cultivation
Apply fertilizer (Nutrition)
Water/Irrigate plants
Control and prevent plant pest and diseases
Provide plant support
Perform lawn grass maintenance
Perform re-planting activities
Collect, dispose and utilize organic waste
BASIC COMPETENCIES
UNIT OF COMPETENCY :
UNIT CODE
500311105
UNIT DESCRIPTOR
ELEMENT
1. Obtain and convey
workplace
information
2. Participate in
workplace meetings
and discussions
3. Complete relevant
work related
documents
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
Italicized terms are elaborated in the Range of Variables
RANGE OF VARIABLES
VARIABLE
1. Appropriate sources
2. Medium
3. Storage
4. Forms
5. Workplace
interactions
RANGE
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
3.1
3.2
4.1
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
6. Protocols
6.1
6.2
6.3
Team members
Suppliers
Trade personnel
Local government
Industry bodies
Memorandum
Circular
Notice
Information discussion
Follow-up or verbal instructions
Face-to-face communication
Manual filing system
Computer-based filing system
Personnel forms, telephone message forms, safety reports
Face-to-face interactions
Telephone conversation
Electronic and two-way radio communication
Written communication including electronic mail, memos,
instruction and forms
Non-verbal communication including gestures, signals, signs
and diagrams
Observing meeting
Compliance with meeting decisions
Obeying meeting instructions
EVIDENCE GUIDE
1. Critical aspects of
competency
2. Underpinning
knowledge
3. Underpinning skills
4. Resource
implications
5. Method of
assessment
6. Context of
assessment
1.2
1.3
1.4
2.1
Effective communication
2.2
2.3
Written communication
2.4
Organizational policies
2.5
2.6
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
Fax machine
4.2
Telephone
4.3
Writing materials
4.4
Internet
Direct Observation
5.2
6.1
UNIT OF COMPETENCY :
UNIT CODE
:
UNIT DESCRIPTOR
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
ELEMENT
1. Describe team role
and scope
3. Work as a team
member
1.1.
1.2.
2.1.
2.2.
2.3.
3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.
RANGE OF VARIABLES
VARIABLE
1. Role and objective of
team
2. Sources of
information
3. Workplace context
RANGE
1.1
1.2
2.1
2.2
Job procedures
2.3
2.4
2.5
Client/supplier instructions
2.6
Quality standards
2.7
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
EVIDENCE GUIDE
1. Critical aspects of
competency
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
Reported outcomes
2.1
Communication process
2.2
Team structure
2.3
Team roles
2.4
3. Underpinning skills
3.1
4. Resource
implications
2. Underpinning
knowledge
4.1
4.2.
5. Method of
assessment
6. Context of
assessment
5.2
5.3.
6.1
6.2
UNIT OF COMPETENCY :
UNIT CODE
500311107
UNIT DESCRIPTOR
ELEMENT
1. Integrate personal
objectives with
organizational goals
1.1
1.2
1.3
2. Set and meet work
priorities
2.1
2.2
2.3
3. Maintain professional
growth and
development
3.1
3.2
3.3
RANGE OF VARIABLES
VARIABLE
1. Evaluation
RANGE
1.1
Performance Appraisal
1.2
Psychological Profile
2.1
Human
2.2
Financial
2.3
Technology
2.3.1 Hardware
2.3.2 Software
3.1
4. Recognitions
3.2
4.1
Recommendations
4.2
Citations
4.3
Certificate of Appreciations
4.4
Commendations
4.5
Awards
5.1
National Certificates
5.2
Certificate of Competency
Professional Licenses
EVIDENCE GUIDE
1. Critical aspects of
competency
2. Underpinning
knowledge and
attitudes
3. Underpinning skills
4. Resource
implications
2.1
2.2
Company policies
2.3
2.4
2.5
3.1
3.2
3.3
Communication skills
5. Method of
assessment
Case studies/scenarios
6. Context of
assessment
6.1
10
UNIT OF COMPETENCY :
UNIT CODE
500311108
UNIT DESCRIPTOR
ELEMENT
1. Identify hazards and
risks
1.1
1.2
1.3
4. Maintain OHS
awareness
2.2
2.3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.1
4.2
11
RANGE OF VARIABLES
VARIABLE
1. Safety regulations
2. Hazards/Risks
3. Contingency
measures
4. PPE
5. Emergency-related
drills and training
6. OHS personal
records
RANGE
May include but are not limited to:
1.1 Clean Air Act
1.2 Building code
1.3 National Electrical and Fire Safety Codes
1.4 Waste management statutes and rules
1.5 Philippine Occupational Safety and Health Standards
1.6 DOLE regulations on safety legal requirements
1.7 ECC regulations
May include but are not limited to:
2.1
Physical hazards impact, illumination, pressure, noise,
vibration, temperature, radiation, landslide, structure
collapse, tree collapse, drowning, fire
2.2
Biological hazards- bacteria, viruses, plants, parasites, mites,
molds, fungi, insects
2.3
Chemical hazards dusts, fibers, mists, fumes, smoke,
gasses, vapors
2.4
Ergonomics
2.4.1. Psychological factors over exertion/ excessive force,
awkward/static positions, fatigue, direct pressure,
varying metabolic cycles
2.4.2. Physiological factors monotony, personal
relationship, work out cycle
May include but are not limited to:
3.1 Evacuation
3.2 Isolation
3.3 Decontamination
3.4 Calling designated emergency personnel
May include but are not limited to:
4.1
Mask
4.2
Gloves
4.3
Goggles
4.4
Hair Net/cap/bonnet
4.5
Face mask/shield
4.6
Ear muffs
4.7
Apron/Gown/coverall/jump suit
4.8
Anti-static suits
5.1
Fire drill
5.2
Earthquake drill
5.3
Basic life support/CPR
5.4
First aid
5.5
Spillage control
5.6
Decontamination of chemical and toxic
5.7
Disaster preparedness/management
6.1
Medical/Health records
6.2
Incident reports
6.3
Accident reports
6.4
OHS-related training completed
12
EVIDENCE GUIDE
1. Critical aspects of
competency
2. Underpinning
knowledge and
attitudes
3. Underpinning skills
4. Resource
implications
3. Method of
assessment
4. Context of
assessment
13
COMMON COMPETENCIES
UNIT TITLE
UNIT CODE
AGR321201
UNIT DESCRIPTOR:
ELEMENT
1.
2.
3.
Determine areas of
concern for safety
measures
Safekeep/dispose tools,
materials and outfit
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
3.1
Used tools and outfit are cleaned after use and stored in
designated areas
3.2
3.3
14
RANGE OF VARIABLES
VARIABLE
1.
Work tasks
2.
Place
3.
Time
4. Emergency procedures
RANGE
Work task may be selected from any of the following sectors:
1.1 Aquaculture
1.2 Animal Production
1.3 Crop Production
1.4 Post-harvest
1.5 Handling and delivery
1.6 Agri-marketing
1.7 Farm Equipment
2.1 Animal pens, cages, barns
2.2 Fish ponds, cages
2.3 Stock room/storage areas/warehouse
2.4 Field/farm/orchard
2.5 Greenhouses
3.1 Vaccination and medication period
3.2 seeding, sodding, planting, transplanting, tree-root
cutting
3.3 Irrigation
3.4 Fertilizer and pesticides application
3.5 Feed mixing and feeding
3.6 Harvesting and hauling
3.7 Cleaning, sanitizing and disinfecting
3.8 Dressing, butchering and castration
4.1 Location of first aid kit
4.2 Evacuation
4.3 Agencies contact.
4.4 Farm emergency procedures
15
5.
Equipment /Tools,
materials and outfits
6. Waste materials
7. Hazards
5.1
Equipment / Tools
5.1.1 Wrenches
5.1.2 Screw driver
5.1.3 Pliers
5.1.4 Shovels
5.1.5 Picks
5.1.6 Pruning shears
5.1.7 Bolos
5.1.8 Buggies
5.1.9 Wheelbarrows
5.1.10 Chainsaws
5.1.11 Tree Spader
5.1.12 Forklift
5.1.13 Crane
5.1.14 Payloader
5.1.15 Flatbed Truck
5.1.16 Tree Root cutters
5.2
Materials
5.2.1 Bottles
5.2.2 Plastic
5.2.3 Bags
5.2.4 Syringe
5.2.5 Ropes
5.2.6 Rubber hoses and nozzles
5.3
Outfit
5.3.1 Masks
5.3.2 Safety harness
5.3.3 Gloves
5.3.4 Boots
5.3.5 Overall coats
5.3.6 Hard hat / helmet
5.3.7 Eye goggles
Animal manure
Waste water
Syringes
Unused farm chemicals e.g. pesticides, chemicals,
fertilizers
Expired reagents
Dead animals
Dead plants
Fallen trees
Yard litter
Landscape debris
Chemical
Electrical
Falls
Floods
Gas Explosions
Fire
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.10
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
16
EVIDENCE GUIDE
1. Critical Aspects of
Competency
2. Underpinning
Knowledge and
Attitudes
3. Underpinning
Skills
4. Method of
Assessment
5. Resource
Implications
6. Context of
Assessment
6.1
17
UNIT OF COMPETENCY :
UNIT CODE
AGR321202
UNIT DESCRIPTOR
ELEMENT
1.
2.
3.
Perform preventive
maintenance
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
Italicized terms are elaborated in the Range of Variables
1.1
1.2
1.3
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
3.1
3.2
3.3
18
RANGE OF VARIABLES
VARIABLE
1. Farm and nursery
equipment
RANGE
1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.
1.5.
1.6.
1.7.
1.8.
1.9.
1.10.
1.11.
3. Pre-operation check-up
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
Engine
Pumps
Generators
Sprayers
Tree Spader
Forklift
Crane
Payloader
Flatbed Truck
Tree Root cutters
Irrigation System
Sickle
Cutters
Weighing scales
Hand tools
Measuring tools
Garden tools
Shovels
Picks
Pruning shears
Wheelbarrows
Buggies
Rubber hoses and nozzles
Chainsaws
Bolos
Tires
Brake fluid
Fuel
Water
Oil
Lubricants
Battery
19
EVIDENCE GUIDE
1.
Critical Aspects
of Competency
2.
Underpinning
Knowledge and
Attitudes
3.
Underpinning
Skills
Method of
Assessment
4.
5.
Resource
Implications
6.
Context of
Assessment
UNIT OF COMPETENCY :
20
UNIT CODE
AGR321203
UNIT DESCRIPTOR
ELEMENT
1.
Perform estimation
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
Italicized terms are elaborated in the Range of Variables
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
2.
Perform basic
workplace calculation
1.5
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
21
RANGE OF VARIABLES
VARIABLE
RANGE
1.
Calculation
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
2.
Method of calculation
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
3.1
3.2
Quantity of feeds
Amount of fertilizer
Amount of medicines
Amount of soil-mix media
Amount of Irrigation water-both storage and
consumption.
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication
Division
Ratio and proportion
English
Metric
4.1
4.2
4.3
Area
Volume
Weight
3.
4.
System of
measurement
Units of measurement
22
EVIDENCE GUIDE
1. Critical Aspects of
Competency
2. Underpinning
Knowledge and
Attitudes
3. Underpinning
Skills
4. Method of
Assessment
5. Resource
Implications
5.1
5.2
6. Context of
Assessment
6.1
23
CORE COMPETENCIES
UNIT OF COMPETENCY:
UNIT CODE
UNIT DESCRIPTOR
ELEMENT
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
Italicized terms are elaborated in the Range of Variables
1. Clear site
2. Dispose waste
3. Perform post-clearing
site and grubbing
activities
24
RANGE OF VARIABLES
VARIABLE
1. Unwanted
vegetation and
debris
RANGE
May include but are not limited to:
1.1 Grasses
1.2 Shrubs trees and tree stumps
1.3 Stones
1.4 Construction debris
2. Safety protective
devices
25
EVIDENCE GUIDE
1. Critical Aspects of
Competency
2. Underpinning
Knowledge
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3. Underpinning skills
4. Resource
Implications
5. Method of
Assessment
6. Context of
Assessment
26
UNIIT OF COMPETENCY:
UNIT CODE
:
UNIT DESCRIPTOR
:
ELEMENT
1. Rough-grade site
2. Provide surface
drainage and shape or
form the land
3. Perform post-rough
grading operations
27
RANGE OF VARIABLES
VARIABLE
1. Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
2 Site-Grading tools
RANGE
May include but are not limited to:
1.1. Goggles
1.2. Gloves
1.3. Safety belts, shoes, etc.
1.4. Reflectorized vest
2.1 Picks
2.2 Shovels
2.3 Leveling tools
2.4 Compass
2.5 Distance Measuring tools, nylon wires, stakes
2.6 Wheelbarrows, buggies, rubber hoses, etc
2.7 Ground labeling tools
28
EVIDENCE GUIDE
1. Critical Aspects of
Competency
2. Underpinning
Knowledge and
Attitude
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3. Underpinning Skills
4. Resource
Implications
5. Method of
Assessment
6. Context of
Assessment
29
ELEMENT
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
Italicized terms are elaborated in the Range of Variables
1. Cultivate land
2. Remove construction
debris and other
materials
5. Perform post-land
preparation activities
30
RANGE OF VARIABLES
VARIABLE
1. Personal Protective
Equipment
RANGE
May include but are not limited to:
1.1 Goggles
1.2 Gloves
1.3 Hard hat
1.4 Safety shoes
1.5 Reflectorized vest
2. Construction debris
3. Compacted
31
EVIDENCE GUIDE
1. Critical Aspects of
Competency
2. Underpinning
Knowledge and
Attitude
3. Underpinning Skills
4. Resource
Implications
5. Method of
Assessment
6. Context of
Assessment
6.1.
32
UNIT OF COMPETENCY:
UNIT CODE
UNIT DESCRIPTOR
:
:
ELEMENT
1. Inspect plants
3. Excavate hole/pit
(Excluding lawn
grass/turf, aquatic
plants, orchids, etc.)
4. Install plants (Excluding
large trees with 15cm or
more trunk height, lawn
grass/turf, aquatic
plants, orchids, etc.)
33
ELEMENT
5. Apply fertilizer
6. Water plants
8. Perform post-landscape
installation activities
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
Italicized terms are elaborated in the Range of Variables
5.1 Fertilizers are selected in conformity with the
manufacturers guaranteed analysis, labels or as
specified
5.2 Fertilizers and/or rooting hormones are applied to newly
installed plants in accordance with the standard
landscaping specifications or instructions
5.3 Fertilizers are applied to large trees and palms, when
the planting hole/pit is half-filled with amended soil in
accordance with the instructions
5.4 Tasks are performed using prescribed tools, equipment
and appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)
6.1 Watering basin / bern is made around each plant and in
accordance with instructions or specifications
6.2 Watering is performed after planting to thoroughly wet
the root ball and surrounding ground in accordance with
standard watering techniques
6.3 Tasks are performed using prescribed tools, equipment
and appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)
7.1 Materials for mulching is selected and prepared in
accordance with the standard landscape specifications,
instructions or detailed drawing
7.2. Area / ground where mulch will be applied is prepared
in accordance with the specifications, instructions or
detailed drawing
7.3. Mulch is applied in accordance with the specifications,
instructions or detailed drawing
7.4. Tasks are performed using prescribed materials and
tools and equipment
7.5. Tasks are performed using appropriate safety protective
safety protective devices
7.6. Area is restored and cleaned as per standard operating
procedures
8.1 Tools and equipment are cleaned, maintained and
stored according to established standard practices
8.2 Maintenance of clean and safe area is undertaken
throughout and on completion of work
8.3 Work output is reported to concerned person or
authority according to industry practices
34
RANGE OF VARIABLES
VARIABLE
1. Plants
2. Inspected
3. Mark
4. Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
5. Fertilizers
6. Watering
7. Mulch
RANGE
Commonly classified plants in landscaping may include but are
not limited to:
1.1 Lawn grass and turf (excluding specialized golf course
grass)
1.2 Groundcover and vines
1.3 Shrubs, herbs, small palms, annuals, etc.
1.4 Trees, large palms, large bamboo, etc.
1.5 Aquatic plants, orchids, ferns, etc.
1.6 Succulents
Plant inspected may include but are not limited to:
2.1 Species
2.2 Variety
2.3 Number
2.4 Size
2.5 Plant condition
3.1 Spray paint (red or orange color preferred)
3.2 Bamboo/wood sticks/stakes
3.3 Lime dust
3.4 Specified plants directly as marker
May include but are not limited to:
4.1 Gloves
4.2 Gas mask
4.3 Hard hat
4.4 Safety belts/harness
4.5 Safety shoes
4.6 Safety apron
4.7 Rain boots
4.8 Reflectorized vest
5.1 Fertilizers forms
5.1.1 Soluble crystals
5.1.2 Dray granules
5.1.3 Organic fish meal
5.1.4 Controlled (slow) release pellets
5.2 Fertilizers types
5.2.1 Organic
5.2.2 Chemical
6.1 By hand (manually) using rubber/plastic hose attached to a
hose bib or faucet or quick coupling valve as spice of water
from the main supply
6.2 By irrigation system operated manually or automatically by
controller
6.3 Water tank truck as source of water supply provided with
dispenser connected to a hose directly or water is collected
in containers (sprinkler, pail, etc.) to water the plants
7.1. Shredded bark / branch
7.2. Straw or equal
7.3 Gravel /stone / brick chips
7.4. Coconut husk chips
7.5. Plastic sheet or Jute mesh
35
EVIDENCE GUIDE
1. Critical Aspects of
Competency
2. Underpinning
Knowledge and
Attitude
3. Underpinning Skills
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4. Resource
Implications
5. Method of
Assessment
6. Context of
Assessment
36
UNIT OF COMPETENCY:
UNIT CODE
:
UNIT DESCRIPTOR
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
ELEMENT
1. Install stakes or staking
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
37
EVIDENCE GUIDE
1. Critical Aspects
of Competency
2. Underpinning
Knowledge and
Attitude
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
3. Underpinning
Skills
4. Resource
Implications
5. Method of
Assessment
6. Context of
Assessment
38
UNIT OF COMPETENCY:
UNIT CODE
:
UNIT DESCRIPTOR
ELEMENT
1. Identify trimming and
pruning requirements
4.
Perform post-trimming
and pruning activities
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
Italicized terms are elaborated in the Range of Variables
39
RANGE OF VARIABLES
VARIABLE
1. Landscape plants
RANGE
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
2. Purpose
May include:
2.1 Create and maintain form and shape of landscape plant
2.2 Promote health
2.3 Direct or control growth
2.4 Encourage flowering and fruiting
2.5 Remove/minimize risk/hazard
3. Utility services
4. Concerned persons
or authority
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
5. Hazards
6. Risks
Supervisor
Property management officer
Home owner
Inspector
40
VARIABLE
7. Tools, supplies and
equipment
9. Early warning
devices
10. Sterilizing agent/
compound
12. Maintenance of
clean and safe area
RANGE
May include but are not limited to:
7.1 Hedge trimmers (HT): Power and manual
7.2 Shears: Pruning, loping
7.3 Saws: Pruning saws, chain saws, bow saws
7.4 Pole/Tree pruner
7.5 Telescopic shaft/high branch pruning chain saws
7.6 Ladder/adjustable ladder
7.7 Basket type boom/cherry picker
7.8 Sterilizing agent/pruning compound
8.1 Early warning devices
8.2 Overall
8.3 Gloves
8.4 Goggles
8.5 Ear muff/plugs
8.6 Gas mask
8.7 Safety belt/harness
8.8 Climbing ropes/gadgets
8.9 Hard hat
8.10 Shoes/safety shoes
8.11 Reflectorized vest (depends on location of work)
May include but are not limited to:
9.1 Traffic cones
9.2 Warning tapes
9.3 Warning signage
10.1 Coal tar
10.2 Bituminous pruning compound
10.3 Latex Paint with fungicide
10.4 Fungicide
11.1 Tops or shoots
11.2 Branches
11.3 Twigs
11.4 Leaves
11.5 Flowers and fruits
Tasks may include:
12.1 Keeping public access paths and roads clear of debris,
waste, tools and equipment
12.2 Disabling tools and equipment after use
12.3 Using signage and barriers where necessary
12.4 Removing debris and waste from the work area
41
EVIDENCE GUIDE
1. Critical Aspects of
Competency
2. Underpinning
Knowledge and
Attitude
3. Underpinning Skills
4. Resource
Implications
5. Method of
Assessment
6. Context of
Assessment
42
ELEMENT
1.
Determine
requirements for
weeding and
cultivation activity
43
ELEMENT
5. Cultivate compacted
soil
6. Perform post-weeding
and soil cultivation
activities
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
Italicized terms are elaborated in the Range of Variables
5.1 Compacted soil is cultivated simultaneous with weeding
operations in accordance with landscape maintenance
standards or as per instructions
5.2 Soil cultivation is done using appropriate tools and
equipment
5.3 Task is performed using prescribed safety/protective
devices
6.1 Tools and equipment are cleaned, maintained and stored as
per instruction of in accordance with LMS
6.2 Maintenance of clean and safe area is undertaken
throughout and on completion of work
6.3 Work outputs are recorded or reported to concerned
persons or authority according to industry practices
44
RANGE OF VARIABLES
VARIABLE
1. Weed species and
volunteer plants
(invaders)
2. Landscape areas
RANGE
1.1 Weeds
1.1.1 Grass
1.1.2 Sedges
1.1.3 Shrubs
1.1.4 Vines
1.2 Out-of-place volunteer plant species are those that grow
naturally in the site and are competing with desirable
plants, making the site ugly and/or are eye-sore in the
landscape. Volunteer species can be landscape plants
but is not included in the landscape design
May include but are not limited to:
2.1 Lawn
2.2 Flower beds
2.3 Hedges and shrubs landscape area
2.4. Tree lawn or tree planting verges
5. Methods of soil
cultivation
6. Purpose of soil
cultivation
45
VARIABLE
8. Tools and equipment for
soil cultivator
9. Protective/safety
devices used in
weeding and cultivation
10. Maintenance of clean
and safe area
RANGE
8.1 Small bolo (dulos)
8.2 Small round/flat bar
8.3 Spade
8.4 Soil cultivating machine
9.1 Goggles
9.2 Overalls, gloves
9.3 Reflectorized vest (depends on location of work)
Tasks may include:
10.1 Keeping public access paths and roads clear of
debris, waste, tools and equipment
10.2 Disabling tools and equipment after use
10.3 Using signage and barriers where necessary
10.4 Removing debris and waste from the work area
46
EVIDENCE GUIDE
1. Critical Aspects of
Competency
2. Underpinning
Knowledge and
Attitude
3. Underpinning
Skills
4. Resource
Implications
5. Method of
Assessment
6. Context of
Assessment
47
ELEMENT
1. Identify fertilizer
application
requirements
1.1 Soil and plant samples (leaves) are collected for analysis in
accordance with standard operating procedures (SOPs)
1.2 Landscape plants in need of nutrition are identified based
on the results of soil and plant analyses
3. Perform fertilizer
application activities
48
RANGE OF VARIABLES
VARIABLE
1. Soil sample
RANGE
1.1 Depth of soil sampling applicable to landscape plant
1.2 Amount of soil sample
1.3 Method soil analysis
1.3.1 soil test kit
1.3.2 soil analysis laboratory
2. Landscape plants
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
3.1 Soils
3.1.1 Slightly, moderately to highly acidic
3.1.2 Slightly, moderately to highly saline/alkaline
3.1.3 Adequate, medium, low OM
3.1.4 Adequate, medium, low N or P or K
3.2 Plants
3.2.1 Visual symptoms: Chlorotic, etc
3.2.2 Tissue analysis: Deficient, moderately deficient, highly
deficient in N, P or K
Types of fertilizers vary. These may include the following
4.1 Organic:
4.1.1 Compost, humus, vermi-compost and some
commercially-brands
4.1.2 Bio-fertilizers: Bio-N, Bio-tab, Mycovam, Mycogroe,
Rhizo-N, etc
4.2 Inorganic
4.2.1 Easily dissolved fertilizer: Ammonium sulfate,
Ammonium phosphate, Ammonium, Sulfate,
Phosphate, Potassium, Urea, Complete
4.2.2 Slow-release fertilizers: Multi-cote, Osmocote,
Nutricote, Fertifile, etc.
4.2.3 Liquid fertilizer
5.1 Liquid Fertilizer
5.1.1 Foliar spraying
5.1.2 Soil drenching
5.1.3 Fertigation (incorporated in irrigation water)
5.1.4 Root feeding
5.1.5 Trunk injection
5.2 Powder/granules
5.2.1Top dressing or broadcasting
5.2.2 Drilling
4. Types of fertilizers
5. Methods of
application
49
VARIABLE
6. Protective/safety
devices
7. Maintenance of clean
and safe area
RANGE
6.1 Overalls
6.2 Rubberized gloves
6.3 Goggles
6.4 Reflectorized vest (depends on location of work)
6.5 Hard hat
6.6 Field shoes
Tasks may include:
7.1 Keeping public access paths and roads clear of debris,
waste, tools and equipment
7.2 Disabling tools and equipment after use
7.3 Using signage and barriers where necessary
7.4 Removing debris and waste from the work area
50
EVIDENCE GUIDE
1. Critical Aspects of
Competency
2.
Underpinning
Knowledge and
Attitude
3. Underpinning Skills
4. Resource
Implications
5. Method of
Assessment
6. Context of
Assessment
51
UNIIT OF COMPETENCY:
UNIT CODE
:
UNIT DESCRIPTOR
ELEMENT
1.
Determine
requirements of
watering/irrigating
landscape plants
2.
Prepare for
watering/irrigation
activity
3.
Conduct
watering/irrigation of
plant
4.
Perform postwatering/irrigation
activities
WATER PLANTS
AGR611379
52
RANGE OF VARIABLES
VARIABLE
1. Importance of water to
plants
RANGE
Roles of water includes but not limited to the following:
1.1 Maintains of vital physiological processes in plants
1.2 Primary raw material for photosynthesis or food
manufacture
1.3 Maintains of turgidity of the cells
1.4 Helps in the translocation of nutrients, food and other
assimilates
1.5 Maintains the health conditions of the plant
2. Plant conditions
3. Soil conditions
5. Methods of
watering/irrigation
53
VARIABLE
7. Protective/safety
devices
8. Maintenance of clean
and safe area
RANGE
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
Overalls
Gloves
Hat/hard hat
Rain boots
Reflectorized vest (depends on the location of work)
54
EVIDENCE GUIDE
1.
Critical Aspects
of Competency
2.
Underpinning
Knowledge and
Attitude
3.
Underpinning
Skills
4.
Resource
Implications
5.
Method of
Assessment
6.
Context of
Assessment
55
ELEMENT
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
Italicized terms are elaborated in the Range of Variables
1. Determine
requirements of
preventing and
controlling plant pests
and diseases
56
RANGE OF VARIABLES
VARIABLE
1. Landscape plants
RANGE
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
2. Plant conditions
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
Age/Stage of growth
Healthy and vigorous
Diseased/infected:
Infested
57
VARIABLE
6. Tools, supplies and
equipment
RANGE
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
Backpack sprayer
Boom sprayer
Soil drencher
Pruning shears,
Pruning saws
7. Protective/safety
gadgets
8. Maintenance of clean
and safe area
58
EVIDENCE GUIDE
1. Critical Aspects
of Competency
2. Underpinning
Knowledge and
Attitude
3. Underpinning
Skills
4. Resource
Implications
5. Method of
Assessment
6. Context of
Assessment
59
ELEMENT
1. Identify requirements
for installing plant
support
2. Prepare for
installation of plant
support
4. Maintain plant
support
5. Perform post-plant
support activities
60
RANGE OF VARIABLES
VARIABLE
1. Landscape plants
3. Plant support
materials
4. Protective safety
devices
5. Maintenance of clean
and safe area
RANGE
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
61
EVIDENCE GUIDE
1. Critical Aspects
of Competency
2. Underpinning
Knowledge and
Attitude
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.3
3. Underpinning
Skills
4. Resource
Implications
5. Method of
Assessment
6. Context of
Assessment
62
ELEMENT
2. Irrigate lawn
3. fertilize lawn
4. Control pests
5. Control weeds
63
RANGE OF VARIABLES
VARIABLE
1. Lawn grass
RANGE
1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
1.4.
2. Personal Protective
Equipment
2.1.
2.2.
2.3.
2.4.
2.5.
2.6.
2.7.
2.8.
4.1.
4.2.
4.3.
4.4.
Granular
Liquid
Slow release (tablets or granules)
Organic
5. Pests
6. Weed-control
procedures
6.1. Manual
6.2. Chemical
64
EVIDENCE GUIDE
1. Critical Aspects
of Competency
2. Underpinning
Knowledge and
Attitude
2.1.
2.2.
2.3.
2.4.
2.5.
3. Underpinning
Skills
4. Resource
Implications
5. Method of
Assessment
6. Context of
Assessment
65
ELEMENT
1.
Determine
requirements for
removal and replanting of landscape
plants
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
Italicized terms are elaborated in the Range of Variables
1.1 Landscape plants that need to be removed/replaced are
recognized in accordance with the instructions or with LMS
1.2 Landscape plants needing removal and replacement are
marked and counted based on the size, plant conditions
and purpose are done using appropriate measuring tools
and equipment
2.1 List of landscape plants needing removal and replacement
is secured and made ready for the job
2.2 Tools, supplies and equipment needed are made ready
and available for use according to the types and sizes of
landscape plants
2.3 Appropriate safety protective devices are made ready
and available for use
3.1 Subject landscape plants are removed and disposed from
site in accordance with LMS or based on instructions
3.2 Removal and disposal are done using appropriate tools
and equipment.
3.3 Tasks are performed using prescribed protective/safety
devices
4.1 Land/soil is prepared for replanting following the landscape
installation/maintenance standard or based on instructions
4.2 Preparation of land/soil is done using appropriate tools and
equipment.
4.3 Task is performed using prescribed protective/safety
devices
5.1 Right species, size and quality of landscape plants to be
used for re-planting are selected based on instructions or
in accordance with LMS
5.2 Species and size of the landscape plants removed from
site are considered but other species and sizes are given
equal consideration depending on the purpose of replanting or as per instructions
66
ELEMENT
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
Italicized terms are elaborated in the Range of Variables
6. Conduct re-planting
activity
7. Perform post-removal
and re-planting
activities
67
RANGE OF VARIABLES
VARIABLE
1. Landscape plants
RANGE
May include but are not limited to:
1.1 Hedges
1.2 Shrubs
1.3 Vines
1.4 Trees
1.5 Palms
1.6 Bamboos
2. Landscape plant
conditions needing
removal and
replacement
3. Size of landscape
plants
4. Quality of the
landscape plants
5. Purpose of removal
and replacement
68
VARIABLE
6. Tools and equipment
including supplies
7.
Protective/safety
devices
8.
Re-planting activity
9. Maintenance of clean
and safe area
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
RANGE
Measurement instruments like diameter tape and meter
tape
Spade
Shovel
Flat bar
Mallet
Hammer
Supplies: Soil mix, fertilizer, stakes, tree ties, nails
Hat/hard hat
Overalls
Goggles
Safety shoes
Safety belt/Harness
Reflectorized vest (depends on location of work)
69
EVIDENCE GUIDE
1. Critical Aspects
of Competency
2. Underpinning
Knowledge and
Attitude
3. Underpinning
Skills
4. Resource
Implications
70
5. Method of
Assessment
6. Context of
Assessment
71
Determine the
requirements for
collection, disposal
and utilization of
organic waste
2.
Prepare for
collection,
segregation,
disposal and
utilization of organic
wastes
3. Gather and dispose
organic wastes
4.
ELEMENT
1.
Segregate and
process collected
organic wastes
72
ELEMENT
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
Italicized terms are elaborated in the Range of Variables
6. Perform post
disposal and
utilization of organic
waste
73
RANGE OF VARIABLES
VARIABLE
1. Types of plantderived organic
wastes
2. Locations
3. Protective/safety
gadgets
4. Purpose of utilization
5. Organic wastes
6. Maintenance of clean
and safe area
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
RANGE
Grass clippings/mowed grass
Weeded-out plants
Hedge and shrub trimmings
Pruned palm fronds and leaf sheaths
Leaf litter
Pruned dying, dead, diseased/infested and live branches
Removed/cut dead plants
74
EVIDENCE GUIDE
1. Critical Aspects of
Competency
2. Underpinning
Knowledge and
Attitude
3. Underpinning
Skills
4. Resource
Implications
5. Method of
Assessment
6. Context of
Assessment
75
NC Level NC II
212 Hours
Course Description:
This course is designed to enhance the knowledge, skills and attitudes of an individual in
the field of landscaping in accordance with industry standards. It covers core competencies
such as: perform site clearing and grubbing activities, perform rough grading operations,
perform site preparation activities, install plants at designated locations as designed, install
plant support, Trim and prune landscape plants, perform weeding and cultivation, apply
fertilizer(nutrition), water plants, control and prevent plant pest and diseases, provide plant
support, perform lawn-grass maintenance, perform re-planting activities and collect, dispose
and utilize organic wastes.
BASIC COMPETENCIES
(18 Hours)
Unit of
Competency
1. Participate in
workplace
communication
2. Work in a team
environment
3. Practice career
professionalism
4. Practice
occupational
health and
safety
Learning Outcomes
1.1 Obtain and convey
workplace information
1.2 Complete relevant work
related documents
1.3 Participate in workplace
meeting and discussion
2.1 Describe and identify team
role and responsibility in a
team.
2.2 Describe work as a team
member.
3.1 Integrate personal
objectives with
organizational goals
3.2 Set and meet work problems
3.3 Maintain professional growth
and development
4.1 Evaluate hazards and risks
4.2 Control hazards and risks
4.3 Maintain occupational health
and safety awareness
Group
discussion
Interaction
Assessment
Approach
Written test
Practical/
performance
test
Interview
Group
discussion
Interaction
Observation
Simulation
Role playing
Group
discussion
Interaction
Demonstration
Observation
Interviews/
questioning
Group
Discussion
Plant tour
Symposium
Observation
Interviews
Methodology
76
COMMON COMPETENCIES
(14 Hours)
Unit of
Competency
1. Apply safety
measures in
farm
operations
2. Use farm
tools and
equipment
3. Perform
estimation
and basic
calculation
Learning Outcomes
Methodology
Selfpaced/modular
Lecture/Discussion
Interaction
Practical
Demonstration
Visit/tour
Selfpaced/modular
Lecture/Discussion
Interaction
Practical
Demonstration
Visit/tour
Selfpaced/modular
Lecture/Discussion
Interaction
Practical Exercise
Assessment
Approach
Oral/Written
Interviews
Direct
Observation
Practical
Demonstration
Oral/Written
Interviews
Direct
Observation
Practical
Demonstration
Oral/Written
examination
Practical exercise
77
CORE COMPETENCIES
( 180 Hours)
Unit of
Competency
1. Provide site
clearing and
grubbing
activities
Learning Outcomes
Methodology
Discussion
Demonstration
Practical
application
Field trip
2. Perform rough
grading
operations
Discussion
Demonstration
Practical
application
Field trip
3. Perform land
preparation
Discussion
Demonstration
Practical
application
Field trip
Discussion
Demonstration
Practical
application
4. Install plants at
designated
locations as
designed
5. Install plant
support
Assessment
Approach
Demonstration
of practical
skills
Written
examination
Interview
Demonstration
of practical
skills
Written
examination
Interview
Demonstration
of practical
skills
Written
examination
Interview
Discussion
Demonstration
Practical
application
Demonstration
of practical
skills
Written
examination
Interview
Discussion
Demonstration
Practical
application
Demonstration
of practical
skills
Written
examination
Interview
Demonstration
of practical
skills
Written
examination
Interview
78
7. Perform weeding
and cultivation
8. Apply fertilizer
9. Water plants
Discussion
Demonstration
Practical
application
Demonstration
of practical
skills
Written
examination
Interview
Discussion
Demonstration
Practical
application
Demonstration
of practical
skills
Written
examination
Interview
Discussion
Demonstration
Practical
application
Demonstration
of practical
skills
Written
examination
Interview
Discussion
Demonstration
Practical
application
Demonstration
of practical
skills
Written
examination
Interview
Discussion
Demonstration
Practical
application
Demonstration
of practical
skills
Written
examination
Interview
79
Discussion
Demonstration
Practical
application
Field trip
12. Perform
lawn grass
maintenance
12.1.
12.2.
12.3.
12.4.
12.5.
Discussion
Demonstration
Practical
application
Discussion
Demonstration
Practical
application
Field trip
Demonstration
of practical
skills
Written
examination
Interview
Demonstration
of practical
skills
Written
examination
Interview
Demonstration
of practical
skills
Written
examination
Interview
80
Training materials are directly related to the competency standards and the
curriculum modules;
Peer teaching/mentoring is a training modality wherein fast learners are given the
opportunity to assist the slow learners.
81
This list does not include specific institutional requirements such as educational
attainment, appropriate work experience, and others that may be required of the trainees
by the school or training center delivering the TVET program.
3.4 LIST OF TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS
LANDSCAPE INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE (SOFTSCAPE) NC II
Recommended list of tools, equipment and materials for the training of 25 trainees for
Landscape Installation and Maintenance NC II
TOOLS
QTY
25 pcs
EQUIPMENT
MATERIALS
QTY
2 pcs Chain saw
QTY
1 bag for Fertilizers
each
type
1
sample
for each
25 pcs
Pesticides
5 pcs
Pruning shear or
secateur
Loping shear
25 pcs
Pruning saw
5 pcs
Bow saw
5 pcs
Tree or pole
pruner
25 pcs
Ear masks/
Muff/plug
25 pcs
Hedge trimmer
1 pc
25 pcs
Goggles
13 pcs
Spade
1 pc
5 pcs @
10
meters
long
13 pcs
13 pcs
Shovel
5 pcs
Hole digger
5 pcs
Wheel barrow
.25 pcs
Gloves
82
5 pcs
sprayer
25 pcs
Mallet
25 pcs
Hammer
25 pcs
Stone rake
25 pcs
5 pcs
25 pcs
Gas mask
Grass cutter
25 pcs
Raincoat
Leaf rake
Gun tacker
25 pcs
Boots
13 pcs
5 pcs
Rake
Roller
5 pcs
5 pcs
Safety shoes
Safety belt
25 pcs
Hand trowel
5 pcs
Climbing ropes
5 pcs
Soil drencher
(accessory to the
garden hose)
Fork
25 pcs
Hard hat
25 pcs
2 units
25 pcs
Meter tape (5 m)
5 pcs
Meter tape
(50 m)
5 pcs
Ladder /
Adjustable
ladder (24 ft)
13 pcs
Mattock pick
1 unit Blower
1 bag
Soil mix
(25 kg)
Sample, Stakes (wooden5 each. square/ round;
steel, bamboo;
plastic
13 units Tree support
units (G hose,
wood stake, GI
wire, GI nails,
burlap pads, etc
13 units Guy materials (GI
wire, GI or
wooden pegs, G
hose, etc.)
1 bag
Mulch
each
(decorative
stone, crushed
bricks, bark
chips, etc)
25 pcs Safety apron
83
AREA IN SQ.
METERS
TOTAL AREA IN
SQ. METERS
100.00
5.00 x 5.00
3.00 X 3.00
25.00
9.00
25.00
9.00
2.00 x 5.00
10.00
10.00
SIZE IN METERS
2.00 X 5.00
10.00
10.00
Total (Workshop Component)
154.00
40.00
Circulation Area (30% of Workshop Component Space)
Grand Total (Building Space)
194.00
Note: The entries in the size in meters column are recommendations only. The grand total
(building space) is the minimum space requirement for registration.
3.6 TRAINERS QUALIFICATION
AGRICULTURE AND FISHERY SECTOR
LANDSCAPE INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE (SOFTSCAPE) NC II
TRAINER QUALIFICATION (TQ II)
84
SECTION 4
4.1
4.2
4.3.
Upon accumulation and submission of all COCs acquired for the relevant units of
competency comprising a qualification, an individual shall be issued the
corresponding National Certificate.
4.4.
Assessment shall focus on the core units of competency. The basic and common
units shall be integrated or assessed concurrently with the core units.
4.5.
4.6
85
86
Supermarket of Competencies
AGRI-FISHERY (Landscaping) Sector
Provide site
clearing and
grubbing
activities
Apply mulch
materials
Perform weeding
and cultivation
Manage landscape
projects
Prepare specialized
interpretive content
Support turf
establishment
Implement a
landscape
maintenance
program
Establish and
maintain railway
Landscape
garden
Perform rough
grading
operations
Install plant
support
Perform re-planting
activities
Prepare a
Landscape project
design
Supervise landscape
project works
Transplant small
trees
Implement a
paving project
Guide bushwalks
in unmodified
landscapes
Perform site
preparation
activities
Water plants
Collect, dispose
and utilize
organic waste
Prepare a garden
design
Support landscape
work
Apply
fertilizer
(Nutrition)
Provide plant
support
Provide general
ground care
Prepare detailed
designed of
landscaping
Supevise landscape
planting works
Assist in landscape
construction work
Install plants at
designated locations as
designed
Apply Safely
Measures
Receive and
respond to
workplace
communication
Work
with others
Perform
Estimation and
Basic Calculation
Demonstrate
work values
Solve problems
related to work
activities
Use
mathematical
concepts and
techniques
C
O
R
E
C
O
M
PE
TE
N
CI
ES
C
O C
MO
PEM
TEM
N O
CI N
ES
CO
MP
ET BA
EN SI
CI C
ES
Develop and
implement a
grounds
maintenance prog.
Construct stone
structures and
feautures
Construct an
outdoor
recreation area
access audit
LANDSCAPING NC II
Practice
housekeeping
procedures
(5S)
Participate
in workplace
communication
Use
relevant
technologies
Utilize
specialized
communication
skills
Work
in team
environment
Practice
career
professionalism
Practice
occupational
health and
safety
Lead
workplace
communication
Lead
small teams
Collect,
analyze and
organize
information
Promote
environmental
protection
procedures
environment
Develop and
practice
negotiation
skills
Design landscape
structures and
features
Develop
teams and
individuals
Apply
problemsolving
techniques in
the workplace
85
Plan
and organize
work
DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. Acidic soils - are commonly referred to as "sour." Acidity is the characteristic of soils that
have a pH level of less than 7. Such a low pH is suited to plants that thrive in acidic soil (as
opposed to alkaline or "sweet" soil), including the delightful 'Minuet' laurel shrubs.
2. Aesthetic - pertaining to the appreciation of beauty or good taste, "aesthetic" means visually
pleasing. The noun that corresponds to "aesthetic" is "aesthetics," which means the study of
the appreciation of beauty. Landscape design is concerned both with aesthetic and
functional elements of landscaping.
3. Alkalinity - is the characteristic of soils with a pH level that is greater than 7, which is
suitable for plants that thrive in a "sweet" (alkaline) soil, as opposed to a "sour" or acid soil. If
soil pH needs to be raised (i.e., the soil isn't alkaline enough), apply lime.
4. Arboriculture - is the art, science, technology and business of tree care. Arboriculture is
practiced by arborists. Arborists are trained to promote tree health, discern tree problems
and take measures to correct them
5. Balance - refers to the consistency of visual attraction, or lack thereof. Consistent visual
attraction is achieved through symmetry; if the designers intention is to avoid the monotony
of this kind of balance, asymmetrical plans will be implemented, instead. Note that, while it
may seem a contradiction in terms to novices, landscape designers do speak of
"asymmetrical balance," as well as of "symmetrical balance."
6. Bedding plants - are plants (usually annuals) massed with others to produce the maximum
in visual appeal. With an eye to the five basic elements of landscape design (color, scale,
line, form and texture), a landscape designer skillfully arranges each bedding plant in
relation to the accompanying annuals, perennials, shrubs and trees. By browsing the
pictures in the following resource, you can learn more about how to use the five basic
elements of landscape design:
7. Biodegradable - means capable of being decomposed back into the soil by biological
agents, especially bacteria. "Biodegradable" is often used to refer to items that are to be
disposed of. Environmentally sound landscaping and gardening often takes into account
whether materials are biodegradable. For instance, plastic might be rejected as a material
for mulching because it is not biodegradable.
8. Color theory - is a complex study, and I present only a sampling here, to show how it is used
in landscape design. For instance, according to color theory, the spectrum is often divided
into 4 categories: Primary: reds, yellows and blues ,Secondary: greens, violets (purples) and
oranges, Tertiary: Mixtures of the primary and secondary categories and Neutral: White,
grays and silvers.
9. The spectrum is often represented as a wheel, divided into slices that stand for the various
hues (colors). Using color theory, landscapers may refer to this wheel to choose adjacent
colors in the spectrum, in order to provide unity; or they may deliberately juxtapose items
directly across from each other on the wheel to make a contrast.
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10. Complete fertilizers - are so called because they contain nitrogen, phosphorus and
potassium, the Big 3 in fertilizer ingredients. A fertilizer listed as "10-10-10," for instance,
would be a complete fertilizer. But a fertilizer listed as "10-0-10" would not be a complete
fertilizer, the middle zero indicating the absence of phosphorus in the fertilizer.
11. Cotyledon leaves - are the leaves of the embryo of a seed plant, which, upon germination,
either remain in the seed or emerge, enlarge, and become green. Cotyledon leaves are also
called "false leaves" or "seed leaves," in contradistinction to the first "true leaves" which
develop later.
12. Cover crops - are plants that are primarily planted not to be harvested for food but for soil
erosion control, weed control and improving soil quality while the garden is otherwise
dormant. A cover crop is usually ploughed or tilled under before the next food crop is
planted, in which cases the "cover crop" is used as a soil amendment and is synonymous
with "green manure crop." In its capacity to control weeds it is designated a "living mulch."
From the landscape designers perspective, the choice between various cover crops could
be influenced by aesthetics, since the cover crop is, after all, taking the place of garden
plants in between growing seasons.
13. Dethatching - is the mechanical removal from a lawn of the layer of dead turfgrass tissue
known as "thatch." Raking deeply when you rake leaves in the fall is an easy step you can
take towards dethatching.
14. Dry wall - is a wall of stones that is not held together by mortar. Dry-wall construction
requires greater precision in the way stones are stacked than does mortared-wall
construction, since proper placement alone keeps the wall intact.
15. Edging - is a line of demarcation that creates visual interest in a landscape by separating
one segment from another.
16. Evergreen - means having foliage that persists and retains its color throughout the year,
rather than changing color according to the seasons. The term, "evergreen" is something of
a misnomer, as the color in question needn't be green.
17. Finials - are the small, ornamental, terminal features at the top of a gable, fence post,
lamp, lamppost, stone wall, etc. Finials are optional, being non-structural elements: their job
is aesthetic, giving a "finished" touch to a hardscape feature
18. Forcing - is the process of causing a plant to flower before its natural season. For instance,
many people eager for Old Man Winter's exit force forsythia flowers in February or March.
Forcing pussy willows is another common pastime in late winter.
19. Gazebo - is a small roofed outbuilding erected for outdoor dining and entertaining. This
hardscape feature is often octagonal, with open, screened, or latticework sides. The plural
form of the term, gazebo is given either as "gazebos" or "gazeboes."
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20. Grafting - is the uniting of a shoot or bud (the scion) with a plant (the rootstock) that is
already established, either by insertion or by placing them in close contact. One danger of
grafting is girdling. Grafting is a common procedure in the development of fruit tree stock.
21. Hardening off plants - is the process, undertaken in spring in the temperate zone, of
preparing plants started indoors for the change in environmental conditions they will
encounter when permanently moved outdoors. Without allowing plants to harden off, they
will be negatively impacted by the sudden shock of exposure to daytime's sunrays and
nighttime's coolness. The process of hardening off plants involves a transitional period in
which plants are left outside during daylight hours only and in an area where they can be
shaded and protected from wind. Having a cold frame facilitates hardening off, but it is not
essential that you have a cold frame. Watering is reduced as well during the hardening off
period. Gradually, the plant is allowed exposure to an increasing amount of sunlight and
allowed to stay out later and later.
22. Herbaceous plants- are plants with non-woody stems. Their above-ground growth usually
dies back in winter in the temperate zone, even in cases where the herbaceous plants in
question are perennials. All "annual" plants are "herbaceous," but not all herbaceous plants
are annuals. An "annual" is a plant that dies altogether at the end of the growing season,
both above the ground and below it. "Perennials," by contrast, survive the winter, even if
their above-ground growth dies back.
23. Hybrid plants - are plants produced by impregnating the pistil of one species with the pollen
of another.
24. Integrated pest management, or IPM - is the management of pest problems that involves
use of the full spectrum of control measures in a coordinated, integrated and foresighted
manner. A cornerstone of IPM is the idea that taking preventive steps to preclude a pest
problem is preferable to waiting for pests to arrive and then having to eradicate them.
25. Landscape architecture - is the profession that practices the art of arranging or modifying
the features of a landscape, an urban area, etc., for aesthetic or practical purposes.
Landscape architecture must be distinguished from landscape design. The American
Society of Landscape Architects asserts that someone who makes a career of "landscape
architecture," properly speaking, possesses a higher level of skill, usually reinforced by a
degree, than is possessed by a "landscape designer." Degrees and professional status
notwithstanding, it is still accurate to say that members of the landscape architecture
profession do practice landscape design.
26. Landscaping - can be used grammatically either as a noun or as the present participle of a
verb. In the latter case, "landscaping" either can take an object (transitive) or go without one
(intransitive). For example, I can say either "I am landscaping to increase the value of my
property" (intransitive) or "I am landscaping my property to increase its value (transitive).
Either way, the noun, "landscaping" derives from the participial use and designates the
process or result of such an action.
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27. Mulch - is a covering placed around plants (or covering the ground in lieu of plants), to
prevent the growth of weeds. If placed around plants, a mulch provides additional benefits,
including the diminution of erosion and water loss, and the regulation of soil temperature. In
addition, upon decomposition (for organic mulches), mulches serve as soil amendments.
Mulch selection is usually based on appearance, as well as on all the practical
considerations mentioned above.
28. Naturalized plants - are plants established as a part of the flora of a locale other than their
place of origin. When a plant naturalizes in an area, this can be either a "good" or a "bad"
thing, depending on your opinion of the particular naturalized plant.
29. Soil pH - is the measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a soil, numerically equal to 7 for soils
with a neutral pH, increasing with rising alkalinity and falling with increasing acidity. The soil
pH scale commonly in use ranges from 0 to 14. Soil pH is not fixed; you can take measures
to alter soil pH. If soil pH needs to be lowered (i.e., the soil isn't acidic enough), apply sulfur
or commercial fertilizers containing ammonium-N. If soil pH needs to be raised (i.e., the soil
isn't alkaline enough), apply lime
30. Shrubs - are low woody plants, usually with multiple shoots or stems from the base (height
of 15 feet or less). A planting of shrubs is called "shrubbery."
31. Softscape - comprises the animate, horticultural elements of landscape design, i.e., plants.
Softscape elements are complemented by hardscape design elements, such as stone walls,
tile pations and brick walkways.
32. Tendrils - are twisting, threadlike structures by which true climbers, such as grape vines or
cucumber vines, grasp an object for support. Vines with tendrils will climb on their own,
without being trained. In some cases, however, you will still want to tie vines to arbors,
pergolas, latticework or other structures even if they do have tendrils, in order to cause the
plant to climb precisely where you wish it to grow.
33. Lawn thatch - is the layer of dead turfgrass tissue between the green vegetation and the
soil surface that must be removed (a process known as "dethatching") to maintain lawn
health. Lawn thatch is derived from stems, leaves, stolons, rhizomes and roots.
34. Xeriscape landscaping - is landscaping designed specifically for areas that are susceptible
to drought, or for properties where water conservation is practiced. Derived from the Greek
xeros meaning "dry," the term, xeriscape means literally "dry landscape."
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) wishes to extend
thanks and appreciation to the many representatives of business, industry, academe and
government agencies who donated their time and expertise in the development and validation
of these Training Regulations.
THE TECHNICAL AND INDUSTRY EXPERT PANEL
Dr. RODOLFO P. ESTIGOY
Chief
Bureau of Post-Harvest Research and Extension
Central Luzon State University (CLSU)
Muoz, Nueva Ecija
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