P&ID

PROCESS ENGINEERING DESIGN

FOR OIL & GAS (HYSYS)
TRAINING

Program Objectives
Understand how to read Piping & Instrumentation Diagram
Understand how to generate Piping & Instrumentation Diagram

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Introduction
What is a P&ID

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A Piping and Instrument Diagram (P&ID) is a detailed, pictorial

representation of a process showing

All equipment including spares

All piping and valving
All instrumentation

Necessary to design, construct, and operate the facility.

Normally shown as side elevation
Other names

Engineering Flow Diagrams (EFDs)

Mechanical Flow Diagrams (MFDs)
Utility Flow Diagrams (UFDs)

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Process Industry
Practices
P&ID

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Responsibility for the technical integrity of the process design

resides with Process Technology up through the Issue for Design
revision
Input also from I&C, Mechanical, Civil, Electrical, Piping
Process engineer sizes equipment and piping
Drawing done electronically by CAD Group
AUTOCAD
Intelligent P&IDs
Zyqad

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1. Introduction
1.1Purpose
This Practice provides criteria for the development of Piping and
Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs).
1.2Scope
This Practice addresses the format and content shown on a P&ID.
The Practice is independent of time in a facility life cycle and
encompasses design, construction, operations, and maintenance.
This Practice covers the generation of new P&IDs and does not
apply to the revision of existing P&IDs. This Practice also applies to
P&IDs provided by packaged equipment vendors.

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2. References
Applicable parts of the following Practices, industry codes and standards,
and references shall be considered an integral part of this Practice.
2.1Process Industry Practices (PIP)

PIP INEG1000 Insulation Design and Type Codes

PIP PCCIP001 Instrument Piping and Tubing Systems Criteria
PIP PCSIP001 Instrument Piping and Tubing Systems Specifications
PIP PNE00001 Design of ASME B31.3 Metallic Piping Systems
PIP PNSM0001 Piping Line Class Designator System

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Flange Rating From ASME B16.5

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Industry Codes and Standards
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
ANSI/FCI 70-2-2003 Control Valve Seat Leakage
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
Section VIII Pressure Vessels
The Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society (ISA)
ISA S5.1 Instrumentation Symbols and Identification (R1992)
ISA S5.2 Binary Logic Diagrams for Process Operations (R1981)
ISA S5.3 Graphic Symbols for Distributed Control / Shared Display
Instrumentation, Logic and Computer Systems
ISA S84.01 Application of Safety Instrumented Systems for the Process
Industries
Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association (TEMA)
TEMA Standards

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Government Regulations
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.119 Occupational Safety and Health
Standards, Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous
Chemicals

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Definitions - Examples
auxiliary P&ID: Used to show details to un-clutter other P&IDs (e.g.,
lube oil system, sample systems, instrument details)

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4. Requirements (expanded index)
4.1 General
4.2 Format
4.2.1
Layout
4.2.2
Symbology
4.2.3
Lines
4.2.4
Text

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4.1 General
Provide a balance between the desire to show all data on P&IDs
with the need to make P&IDs legible and easy to read.
Most details that are available from other types of documentation
(e.g., instrument loop diagrams, vessel data sheets) are not
recommended for inclusion on P&IDs.

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4.2

Format
4.2.1

Layout

Layout each P&ID to avoid clutter and allow future modifications.

Show no more that three pieces of major equipment.
Show primary flow on each P&ID from left to right. Show flow
through equipment relative to actual arrangement
Show equipment arrangement relative to its elevation to grade
(e.g., pumps at bottom of P&ID).

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4.2.2

Symbology
Show format, equipment, piping and instrument symbols in accordance with
Appendixes A-1, A-2, A-3, and A-4.
Show equipment internals using a short dash/space line.
Show normally closed manual valves using a darkened solid symbol.
If darkened in valves cannot be used because of symbol type (e.g.,
butterfly valve), use the abbreviation for Normally Closed (NC) directly
below the valve in a horizontal line or to the right of the valve in a vertical
line.
Show on/off valves in normal operating position.
Do not show control valves or relief valves normally closed.

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4.2.3

Lines

Show flow arrows at corners and intersecting lines, where there is a

change in direction.
Break vertical primary process lines if crossing horizontal primary
process lines.
Break instrument lines for all process and utility lines.
Avoid routing lines across equipment or text.
Avoid doglegs

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4.2.4

Text
Show equipment numbers, titles, and data for equipment directly above the
equipment, and on the same horizontal plane as other equipment identification.
Show equipment numbers, titles, and data for rotating equipment, i. e., pumps,
blowers, and compressors directly below the equipment and on the same
horizontal plane as other equipment identification.
Show equipment number, title, and data once for identical equipment with the
same number, title, and service (e.g., P-601A/B).
Show line numbering with the orientation of the line.

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4.3 Equipment (expanded index)
4.3.1
Equipment General Information
4.3.2
Agitators
4.3.3
Blowers
4.3.4
Compressors
4.3.5
Drivers
4.3.6
Heat Exchangers
4.3.7
Furnaces
4.3.8
Pumps
4.3.9
Packaged Equipment
4.3.10
Vessels
4.3.11
Tanks
4.3.12
Classification of Equipment
4.3.13
Equipment Data

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4.3.1

Equipment General Information

Show equipment with simple outline representation. Equipment
symbols shall not dominate the drawing, but shall be shown as a
size sufficient for clear understanding. Do not draw equipment to
scale.
Show nozzles, including spares, on equipment as single lines. Show
manways as double lines. Do not label process and utility nozzles.
Show nozzle sizes, unless the size is implied by piping connections.
Identify equipment shown on the P&ID by a classification letter and
sequence number.
Do not show equipment elevations unless they are necessary to
specify process requirements for associated equipment location or
orientation relative to one another
Show auxiliary system requirements (e.g., lube oil systems, seal
flush systems, turbine gland leak-off piping, sample systems) on
auxiliary P&IDs.
Show the type of insulation (e.g., personnel protection, heat
conservation) for equipment.

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4.3.2
4.3.3

Agitators
Blowers

Show blower symbols as centrifugal or positive displacement as required.

4.3.4

Compressors

Show the compressor symbol for each stage of multistage compressors.

Multistage compressors may be shown on multiple P&IDs.

4.3.5

Drivers

Show drivers with driven equipment using the symbols for motors, diesel
engines, and turbines. Equipment numbers for drivers are normally not
required. Show equipment number for driver if driving more than one piece of
equipment or if the driver number is different from the equipment being driven.

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4.3.6

Heat Exchangers
The term heat exchanger includes unfired heat exchangers, coolers,
condensers, reboilers, vaporizers and heating coils. Show shell and tube
exchangers following the TEMA convention (e.g., AEL, BEM) for the type
utilized in the process.
Orient exchanger nozzles to indicate the flow path through the exchanger
Show the total duties for multiple exchangers utilized in series or parallel
configurations for common service.
Air-cooled exchangers are generally of two basic types, forced draft or induced
draft. Each type may have recirculation, multiple bundles, multiple fans,
variable (automatic or manual) fan pitch, variable louvers or steam coils.
Symbols may be modified to represent the type of air-cooled exchanger used.

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TEMA Types

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4.3.7

Furnaces
Show the radiant coils and convection coils for the furnace to distinguish
between the respective sections.

4.3.8

Pumps

Do not show base plates unless panned and drained.

Show drains and lines to oil and/or water sumps.
Show vendor supplied instrumentation or controls (e.g., relief for a positive
displacement pump, high temperature shutoff switch).
Show external piping and instrumentation for pump seals.

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4.3.9

Packaged Equipment

The term packaged equipment includes units such as air driers,

refrigeration systems, etc. Packaged equipment can be shown
generically as a black box until vendor drawing/information
becomes available.
Identify as vendor package by enclosing in broken lie.
Show packaged equipment in its entirety.
Assign Equipment/Item Numbers (reference Section 4.3.12) to
individual equipment in the package.

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4.3.10

Vessels

Show vessels as representative of actual vessel shape and

orientation.
Show manways, hand holes and nozzles. Show other equipment
(e.g., spheres) supports only if needed.
Show trays at process connection points. Number trays in
accordance with the project convention. Show the top and bottom
trays.

4.3.11

Tanks

Show tanks as representative of actual tank type

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4.4Piping (expanded index)
4.4.1
Line Data Identification
4.4.2
Line Service Codes
4.4.3
Piping Line Symbols
4.4.4
Valve Symbols
4.4.5
Piping Specialty Items
4.4.6
Piping Fittings
4.4.7
Connectors and Tie-in Symbols
4.4.8
Drain Connectors
4.4.9
Notes

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4.4Piping
4.4.1

Line Data Identification

Sequence numbers typically originate and terminate at equipment. Assign

different sequence numbers to line branches that terminate at different
equipment numbers or lines.
Do not change the sequence number if the line flows through a piping specialty
item or a control valve.
Do change the sequence number if there is a line class break.
Assign different sequence numbers to the inlet and outlet of pressure relief
valves.
Show insulation code changes.
Show special layout requirements (e.g., No Pockets) with a note

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4.4.2

Line Service Codes

Line service codes are listed in Appendix A-3, page 2. Additional line service
codes can be added as required.

4.4.3

Piping Line Symbols

Show piping for primary, secondary, utility, jacketed or double containment,

and future lines in accordance with Appendix A-3, page 3. In addition to using
the dashed symbol for future lines, label the line as future.
Show piping for above ground (AG) and underground (UG) lines using an
AG/UG line break.

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4.4.4

Valve Symbols
Show valve symbols in accordance with Appendix A-3, page 4. Additional valve
symbols may be added as required.
Show all valve symbols as full size. Do not show reduced size valve symbols
for drain and vent valving.
Do not show valve size unless the size can not be clearly identified from the
P&ID.
Use the listed valve symbols for defining control valve body types. If the
control valve body type is unknown, use a gate valve or rotary valve symbol as
the generic symbol.
Do not indicate valve end connections. The exceptions are a blinded, capped or
plugged valve and any design where this requirement is critical.

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4.4.5

Piping Specialty Items

Piping specialty items are items typically not specified in piping material
specifications.
Show piping specialty items in accordance with Appendix A-3,
page 5. Additional piping specialty symbols may be added as required.
Assign a tag number to each piping specialty item if it is not included in the
piping material specifications. Designate the tag number as SP-XXXX where
SP indicates a special piping item and XXXX is an identifier up to four
characters.
Piping specialty items may be tagged as equipment or instrument items.

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4.4.6

Piping Fittings

Show typical piping fittings in accordance with Appendix A-3

page 6. Additional piping fitting symbols may be added as required.
Show all reducers on the P&ID.
Show weld connections if appropriate (e.g., at vessel nozzles).

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4.4.7

Connectors and Tie-in Symbols

The off-page connector is used for lines that continue to/from another sheet of
the same unit or system.
Use the utility connector for lines which enter/exit a P&ID from a utility
distribution type P&ID. A service description and equipment number reference
are not required for utilities.
Use the off-page connector for utility lines if these lines are the primary system
represented on the P&ID. Utility primary systems include utility headers and
non-distribution type utility lines
(e.g., raw water treatment lines).
Use the off-plot connector for lines that cross unit or battery limits.
Designate Tie-Ins as T-XXXX where T indicates a Tie-In and XXXX is an
identifier

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4.4.8

Drain Connectors

Show the closed and open drain connectors in accordance with

Appendix A-3, page 8

4.4.9

Notes

The notes listed in Appendix A-3, page 9 represent typical design

notes. These are shown on the cover sheets (Appendix B).
Show specific design notes on the applicable P&ID

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4.5

Instrumentation & Controls (expanded index)

4.5.1 Symbology
4.5.2 Measurements
4.5.3 Valves
4.5.4 Safety/Relief Devices
4.5.5 Equipment Start/Stops
4.5.6 Interlocks & Alarms
4.5.7 DCS Points
4.5.8 Miscellaneous

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4.5.1

Symbology
Show instrument and control symbols in accordance with Appendix
A-4, page 1 through page 8. Reference ISA S5.1 for additional detail.

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4.5.2

Measurements
Show all transmitters to avoid misinterpretations of physical and wiring
connections between the transmitter and other devices or systems.
Show root valves where an instrument is mounted on a vessel or other piece of
equipment. Do not show root valves at other locations where these installation
details can be adequately defined on a P&ID cover sheet. Use typical details,
contained in the cover sheets (Appendix B, page 4), to identify the valve type,
size, rating and materials of construction, in accordance with the applicable
piping line class.

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4.5.3

Valves
Show valves in accordance with Appendix A-3, page 4. The symbols for
automated valve bodies and for manual valves are identical.
Use the appropriate actuator symbols (e.g., diaphragm and piston) to
distinguish automated valves from manual valves. Reference Appendix A-4,
page 6.
Comment: Typically, a throttling control valve is shown with a diaphragm
actuator and an on-off valve is shown with a cylinder/piston actuator,
regardless of actual type.
Use the symbols shown in Appendix A-4, page 7 for pressure and temperature
regulators.
Show automated valve fail actions with text (FC/FO/FL/FI).
For automated valves, identify tight shut-off requirements by using the
abbreviation TSO.

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4.5.4

Safety/Relief Devices
Show and tag relief devices and conservation vents in accordance with
Appendix A-4, page 7 (e.g., PSE and PSV). Use optional explanatory text for
clarification of the type and function of the device (e.g., Emergency Relief,
Conservation Vent, Explosion Panel) located next to the tag. Reference
Sections 4.2.1.15 and 4.2.1.16.
Show relief device set pressures.
Show the orifice size letter designation for relief valves between the inlet and
outlet sizes (e.g., 3K4).

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4.5.5

Equipment Start/Stops
Do not show the local start/stop hand switch for motors without
automated controls.
Show all control room (DCS or panel board) hand switches with the
appropriate bubble symbol and tag.

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4.5.6
4.5.7
4.5.8

Interlocks & Alarms

DCS Points
Miscellaneous

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Review Appendices From PIP PIC001

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Appendix A Tables & Symbols

A-1

Format Tables & Symbols

Abbreviations
Miscellaneous Symbols

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Appendix A Tables & Symbols

A-2

Equipment Tables & Symbols

Pumps
Compressors & Blowers
Drivers & Agitator/Mixer
TEMA Type Exchangers
Miscellaneous Exchangers
Storage Tanks
Storage Tanks
Storage Sphere and Furnace
Miscellaneous Vessel Details

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A-3

Piping Tables & Symbols

Line Data Identification
Line Service Codes
Piping Line Symbols
Valve Symbols
Piping Specialty Items
Piping Fittings
Connectors and Tie-In Symbol
Drain Connectors
Notes

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A-3

Piping Tables & Symbols

Line Data Identification

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A-4

Instruments & Controls Tables & Symbols

Instrument Identification Letters
General Instrument Symbols
Instrument Function Symbols
Instrument Line Symbols
Primary Element Symbols (Flow)
Control Valve Actuator Symbols
Self-Actuated Devices
Miscellaneous Instrument Symbols.

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Examples of Legend or Cover sheets

Appendix B Cover Sheets

Symbols & Nomenclature Typical Piping
Symbols & Nomenclature Typical Instrumentation
Symbols & Nomenclature Typical Equipment
Typical Details with Implied Components

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Symbols & Nomenclature Typical Piping

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Symbols & Nomenclature Typical Instrumentation

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Symbols & Nomenclature Typical Equipment

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Typical Details with Implied Components

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Appendix C Example P&IDs

Example P&ID 1
Example P&ID 2
Example Utility P&ID

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Example P&ID 1

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Example P&ID 2

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Example Utility P&ID