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Element Assembly11

Systematic Assembly of the System Stiffness Matrix Repeat previous problem with a different node numbering system:

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Zaid Hadi
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27 views21 pages

Element Assembly11

Systematic Assembly of the System Stiffness Matrix Repeat previous problem with a different node numbering system:

Uploaded by

Zaid Hadi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Finite Element Method

Element assembly

The Finite Element Method


Computational Mechanics, AAU, Esbjerg

Element assembly

Structure Stiffness matrix


Number of Degrees of Freedom per node NDOF=2
Number of FE nodes NNODE=4
Number of elements NELE=3
Total Number of Degrees of Freedom NDOF=4x2=8
K1

N1

L1
E1

N3

E2

K2

N4

N2

j
i

j
i

The Finite Element Method


Computational Mechanics, AAU, Esbjerg

E3

Element assembly

The Finite Element Method


Computational Mechanics, AAU, Esbjerg

Element assembly

The Finite Element Method


Computational Mechanics, AAU, Esbjerg

Element assembly

The Finite Element Method


Computational Mechanics, AAU, Esbjerg

Element assembly

The Finite Element Method


Computational Mechanics, AAU, Esbjerg

Element assembly

5000 N
1

y
2

5000 N

Two Element Model with Equivalent Nodal Loads


The Finite Element Method
Computational Mechanics, AAU, Esbjerg

Element assembly

Element 1
m=2

j=3
1

i=1

The Finite Element Method


Computational Mechanics, AAU, Esbjerg

Element assembly

[k ]
(1)

70 140
0
0
70
140
0

400
60
0
60
400

60
100
100
0
60
75000 0
=

35
0
0
35
70
0.91 70
140
100 70
60
240 130

400
35 130 435
60
70

The Finite Element Method


Computational Mechanics, AAU, Esbjerg

Element assembly

Element 2

m=3

i=1

The Finite Element Method


Computational Mechanics, AAU, Esbjerg

j=4

Element assembly

[k ]
( 2)

100
60
0
60
0
100
0

35
70
35
70
0

240 130 140


60
75000 100 70
=

35 130 435
400
70
0.91 60
0
70 140
70
140
0

400
0
60
0
400
60

The Finite Element Method


Computational Mechanics, AAU, Esbjerg

Element assembly

Assembly
(1)
( 2)
k 11
+ k 11

(1)
k 31
[K ] = (1) ( 2)
k 21 + k 31

k ( 2)
21

The Finite Element Method


Computational Mechanics, AAU, Esbjerg

(1)
k 13

(1)
( 2)
+ k 13
k 12

(1)
k 33

(1)
k 32

(1)
23

(1)
22

Element assembly

+k

k (232 )

( 2)
33

( 2)

k 12

( 2)
k 32

k (222 )

(1)
( 2)
k 11
+ k 11

(1)
k
[K ] = (1) 31 ( 2 )
k 21 + k 31

( 2)
k 21

u1

(1)
k 13

(1)
( 2)
+ k 13
k 12

k (331)
k (231)

k (321)
k (221) + k (332 )

k (232 )

v1

u2

( 2)

k 12

0
=
( 2)
k 32
( 2)
k 22

v2

u3

v3

u4

v4

140
130 100
0
70
0
60
240
0

435
60
400
130
0
70
35

140
60
240 130 100
71
0
0

60
0
0
400 130 435
35
75000 70
60
240
0
70
130 100
140
0.91 0

0
70
0
435
60
35
400
130
100
70
0
0
60
240 130
140

0
0
70
35
400 130 435
60
The Finite Element Method
Computational Mechanics, AAU, Esbjerg

Element assembly

Systematic Assembly of the System


Stiffness Matrix
Assembly of the stiffness matrix, [K] follows a pattern
based on element-node number connectivity shown
in the table.
1

Element (e)

Nodes 1e, 2e

1, 2

2, 3

3, 4

3
P

k 2

[K ] =

4
1

k1

-k1

-k1

k1+ k2
-k2

The Finite Element Method


Computational Mechanics, AAU, Esbjerg

4
1

-k2

k2+ k3

-k3

-k3

k3

Element assembly

Systematic Assembly of the


System Stiffness Matrix
Repeat previous problem with a different
node numbering system:
1

3
P

k1 1 k2 4

The Finite Element Method


Computational Mechanics, AAU, Esbjerg

k3

Element assembly

Systematic Assembly of the


System Stiffness Matrix
Repeat previous problem with different node
numbering system:
1

Element(e)

3
P

3 k1 1 k2 4

k3

k1+ k2

[K ] =

-k1

-k2

3, 1

1, 4

4, 2

-k2

k3

-k3

-k1

k1
-k3

The Finite Element Method


Computational Mechanics, AAU, Esbjerg

k2+ k3

Nodes 1e, 2e

Element assembly

Example
1

X1 , u1

X3 , u3

k1

X2 , u2

k2

Force equilibrium w/ load-displacement relationship:


X1 = k 1 (u1 u 2 )

X 3 = k 2 (u 2 u 3 )

X 2 = k 1 (u1 u 2 ) + k 2 (u 2 u 3 )
or
k1
X1 k 1

X2 = k1 k1 + k 2
X 0
k2
3

0 u1

k 2 u 2
k 2 u 3

Symmetric
+ diagonal elements
Simple way to assemble
stiffness matrix

The stiffness matrix of a system without constraints is singular.


The Finite Element Method
Computational Mechanics, AAU, Esbjerg

Element assembly

Example: Assembly of the Stiffness Matrix


1

X1 , u1

X3 , u3

k1

k2

X2 , u2

Step 1: Define the element stiffness matrices.

[K ]= k 11
1

1
,
1

[K ]= k
2

1 1
2

1 1

(Step 2: Align the element coordinates with the global coord.)


Step 3: Expand into the global DOF.
0 k1
k1
1 1 0
0 0
[K ] = k 1 1 1 0 + k 2 0 1 1 = k 1 k 1 + k 2
0
0 1 1 0
0 0
k2

0
k 2 Banded:
Bandwidth
k 2
of 3

Force equilibrium and displacement compatibility is maintained.


The Finite Element Method
Computational Mechanics, AAU, Esbjerg

Element assembly

Example: Assembly of the Stiffness Matrix


Ordering of the nodes and its impact

X1 , u1

X2 , u2

k1

k2

X3 , u3

Step 1: Define the element stiffness matrices.

[K ] = k 11
1

1
,

[K ]= k
2

1 1
2

1 1

(Step 2: Align the element coordinates with the global coord.)


Step 3: Expand into the global DOF.
0 k1
1 0 1
0 0
[K ] = k 1 0 0 0 + k 2 0 1 1 = 0
1 0 1
0 1 1 k 1

0
k2
k2

k1
Full:
k 2
Bandwidth
k 1 + k 2
of 5

The node ordering influences the stiffness matrix characteristics.


The Finite Element Method
Computational Mechanics, AAU, Esbjerg

Element assembly

Example: Spring force calculation


1

k1

k2

k1
k1
k k + k
1
2
Either displacement or load
1
(not both) is known at each DOF 0
k2

The stiffness equation:

0 u1 X1 R

k 2 u 2 = X 2 = 0
k 2 u 3 X 3 P

Apply the prescribed displacement or the boundary condition


u1 = 0

The stiffness equation becomes


k 1 + k 2
k
2

k 2 u 2 0
=
k 2 u 3 P

Solve the system of equations to get (the fundamental solution)


u2 =

P
P
P
, u3 =
+
k1
k1 k 2

The Finite Element Method


Computational Mechanics, AAU, Esbjerg

Element assembly

Example: Spring force calculation (cont.)


1

k1

k2
k1
k1
k k + k
1
2
1
0
k2

0 u1 X1 R

k 2 u 2 = X 2 = 0
k 2 u 3 X 3 P
P
R = k 1u 1 + ( k 1 )u 2 = ( k 1 )
= P
k1

The stiffness equation:

The reaction:

Internal spring forces:

X1
P

Spring 1:
1

X1
k
=

k

X 2

X2 = P

k u 1
k1
=

k
k u 2
1

k 1 u 1 k 1
=

k 1 u 2 k 1

k 1 0
P

k 1 P k 1 P

Spring 2:
2

X1
k
=

k
X

k u 1
k2
=

k
k u 2
2

The Finite Element Method


Computational Mechanics, AAU, Esbjerg

k 2 u 2 k 2
=
k 2 u 3 k 2

Element assembly

P k 1

k 2
P
P
P

=
+
k 2
P

k1 k 2

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