ITSH BASIC ENGLISH II GUIDE FOR GLOBAL TEST

A GUIDE TO PREPARE THE STUDENT WHO IS GOING TO APPLY FOR A

GLOBAL TEST.
BASIC ENGLISH
SECOND LEVEL
Composed by Tec. Luis Alberto Jimnez Vasquez
TABLE OF CONTENTS:

UNIT 1 FOOD
UNIT 2 HABILITIES AND TALENTS
UNIT 3 FUTURE PLANS
UNIT 4 HEALTH PROBLEMS
UNIT 5 DIRECTIONS
UNIT 6 PAST EVENTS
UNIT 7 PAST EVENTS
UNIT 8 PHONE CALLS

ALL UNITS CONTAIN GRAMMAR EXAMPLES AND EXERCISE DRILLS

UNIT 1 FOOD

VOCABULARY ABOUT FOOD

SELECTED FOODS FROM THE DIVERSE ALIMENTARY GROUPS ACCORDING TO THE FOOD
PYRAMID.
USE OF SOME & ANY.
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY.
COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS.
EATING HABITS.
LIKES AND DISLIKES.
EXAMPLES OF SOME AND ANY:
1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.-

IM BUYING SOME BROCCOLI.

HES BUYING SOME VEGETABLES.
SHE LIKES TO EAT SOME BANANAS FOR LUNCH.
I DONT WANT ANY ONIONS IN THE SALAD.
WE DONT NEED ANY HAMBURGER MEAT.
DO WE NEED ANY SODA?
WOULD YOU LIKE ANY FRUIT FOR BREAKFAST?
WE DONT HAVE ANY PASTA. LETS GET SOME.

SENTENCES ABOUT LIKES AND DISLIKES:

1.- I LOVE ORANGES, ORANGES ARE DELICIOUS.
2.- I LIKE CARROTS VERY MUCH.
3.- I DISLIKE ONIONS. I JUST DONT LIKE THEM.
4.- I HATE CHICKEN. I NEVER EAT MEAT.

USE OF FREQUENCY ADVERBS.

ALWAYS

- I ALWAYS eat breakfast.

USUALLY

- She USUALLY eats breakfast.

OFTEN
SOMETIMES
have lemonade.
SELDOM / HARDLY EVER
lunch.
NEVER

- I OFTEN have dinner.

- We SOMETIMES have lemonade./ - SOMETIMES we
- He SELDOM eats lunch. / He HARDLY EVER eats
- They NEVER go to picnics.

EVER
havent.

- Have you EVER eaten snails? Yes, I have. No, I

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE FOODS

COUNTABLE:
IM BUYING AN ORANGE. I LOVE ORANGES.
I LOVE CARROTS. CARROTS ARE GOOD FOR YOUR HEALTH.
ONIONS, MANGOES AND POTATOES ARE VERY DELICIOUS.

UNCOUNTABLE:
I ENJOY COFFEE VERY MUCH.
MY FAVORITE MEAL IS RICE.
WE DONT LIKE CREAM, ITS AWFUL.
BREAD IS NOT MY FAVORITE DISH.
EATING HABITS
I ALWAYS EAT BREAKFAST IN BED.
I NEVER HAVE LUNCH AT HOME.
I SOMETIMES DRINK MILK FOR DINNER.

EXERCISE DRILL:
WRITE 5 FOODS FOR EACH ONE OF THE FOOD PYRAMID GROUPS:
FAT, OIL, AND SUGAR: ________________
___________ ______.

________________ __________________

MEAT AND OTHER PROTEIN: _________ ____________ ______________ ______________

______________.
DAIRY: ______________ _____________ _____________________ _______________
__________________.
FRUITS: ______________ ______________________ ________________________ ______________
_______.
VEGETABLES: ______________ _______________ __________________ ______________
_______________.

GRAINS: _____________________ ___________________ _____________________ _________

_________

COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES WITH SOME OR ANY:

I NEED ____________ POTATOES FOR THE BARBECUE.

I LOVE TO EAT ___________________ LETTUCE FOR LUNCH.
HE REALLY DISLIKES TO EAT ______________ CARROTS AT NOON.
DO WE HAVE ___________ PASTA FOR DINNER?
DO YOU HAVE __________ CHICKEN IN THE FRIDGE?
THERE ISNT ______________ BUTTER ON THE TABLE.
THERE ARENT __________________ APPLES IN THE BASKET.
UNSCRAMBLE THESE SENTENCES:
1.2.3.4.5.-

sometimes/for/We/spicy food/dinner/some/have.
breakfast/lemonade/drink/always/They/for.
diary/never/your/include/any/in/You/diet.
often/meat/I/eat.
They/usually/lunch/for/eat/fish.

UNIT 2 HABILITIES AND TALENTS

CAN & CANT FOR HABILITY.

WH-QUESTION WORDS.
VOCABULARY ON ARTISTIC, MECHANICAL, ATHLETIC AND OTHER TALENTS.

CAN AND CANT :

I CAN PLAY THE GUITAR BUT I CANT PLAY THE PIANO.

I CAN SING REALLY WELL, BUT I CANT WRITE POETRY.
MY BROTHER CAN JUMP THE ROPE, BUT MY SISTER CANT.
WE CAN FIX CARS, WE CANT DO THE SAME WITH COMPUTERS.
CAN YOU SING?
- YES, I CAN.
CAN SHE RIDE A BIKE?
- NO, SHE CANT.
CAN YOU HELP ME?
- SURE I CANT.
NO, I CANT. SORRY.

Wh-QUESTION WORDS
WHERE
BEACH.

- WHERE DO YOU PLAY SPORTS?

- I PLAY AT THE

WHO
FAMILY.

- WHO DO YOU PLAY WTH?

- I PLAY WITH MY

WHEN
- WHEN DO YOU PLAY?
EVERY MONDAY AND TUESDAY

- WE PLAY

WHY
WORK ON WEEKENDS.

- WHY DO YOU PLAY ON WEEKDAYS?

- BECAUSE WE

WHAT
SOCCER AND TENNIS.

- WHAT SPORTS DO YOU PLAY?

- WE PLAY

HOW
TWICE A WEEK.

- HOW OFTEN DO YOU PLAY?

WHICH
I PREFER SOCCER.

- WHICH SPORT DO YOU PREFER, BASEBALL OR SOCCER?

- WE PLAY

EXERCISE DRILL
LABEL THESE ACTIVITIES INTO ARTISTIC, ATHLETIC, MECHANIC or OTHER
CATEGORIES:
*RIDE A BIKE

* TAKE PHOTOS

*RIDE A HORSE

* COOK

*FIX A CAR

* RUN 120 MILES IN 2 HOURS

*SPEAK A FOREING LANGUAGE

*WASH YOUR CLOTHES
*PAINT

* TRAIN A DOG
* USE A COMPUTER
* DANCE

MECHANIC:
ARTISTIC:

*WRITE POETRY

* PLAY SOCCER

*JUMP THE ROPE

* DRIVE

*SING

* IRON YOUR
CLOTHES

ATHLETIC:

OTHERS:

MATCH THE QUESTIONS TO THEIR CORRESPONDINGS ANSWERS:

a) Where do you live?
vegetables.
b) How often do you study English?
Tennis.
c) When is your birthday?
d) Who is your best friend?
e) What sports do you watch on TV?
f) Which food do you eat daily?
9th.
g) Why do you play baseball so oftenly?

____ Fruits and

____ Basketball and
____ On King Street.
____ Because I love it.
____ Twice a week.
____ Its on October
____ My mom.

ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS USING YOUR OWN INFORMATION:

1.- Can you speak Japanese?
2.- Can you fix a laundry machine?
3.- Can you ride a horse?
4.- Can your father cook noodles?

5.- Can your dog sing songs?

UNIT 3 FUTURE PLANS

-

VERB TO BE + GOING TO
ORDINAL NUMBERS FOR DATES

SENTENCE STRUCTURE FOR FUTURE TENSE: SUBJECT (Name or Noune) + BE + GOING

TO + INFINITIVE.
EXAMPLES:
1.- I AM GOING TO BUY SOME BROCOLLI.
TO WATCH A MOVIE.
3.- HE IS GOING TO EAT A SANDWICH.
TAKE A BATH.
5.- IT IS GOING TO RAIN.
GOING TO HAVE A PARTY.
7.- YOU ARE GOING TO TRAVEL TO THE U.S.A.
TO SERVE DINNER.

2.- YOU ARE GOING

4.- SHE IS GOING TO
6.- WE ARE
8.- THEY ARE GOING

NEGATIVE SENTENCES:
1.- I AM NOT GOING TO OPEN MY UMBRELLA.
GOING TO TIE YOUR DOG.

2.- YOU ARE NOT

3.- HE IS NOT GOING TO DRINK LEMONADE.

GOING TO TAKE ANY PHOTOS

4.- SHE IS NOT

5.- IT IS NOT GOING TO START RIGHT NOW.

GOING TO PLAY NOW.

6.- WE ARE NOT

7.- YOU ARE NOT GOING TO WATCH TV.

GOING TO PAY THE RENT.

8.- THEY ARE NOT

INTERROGATIVE QUESTIONS WITH POSSIBLE ANSWERS:

1.- Are you going to go to Angelas party tonight?

A: Yes, I am.

2.- Is he going to drink tea right now?

A: Yes, he is.

3.- Is Rebeca going to dance tonight?

A: No, she isnt.

4.- Is your class going to start now?

A: No, it isnt.

5.- Are we going to have a test now?

A: Yes, you are.

6.- Are you going to travel to the U.S.A.?

A: No, we arent

7.- Are they going to visit their relatives?

A: Yes, they are.

ORDINAL NUMBERS MONTHS AND DATES

1st First

11th eleventh

2nd Second

12th Twelfth

22nd Twenty-second

3rd Third

13th Thirteenth

23rd Twenty-third

4th Fourth

14th Fourteenth

24th Twenty-fourth

5th Fifth

15th Fifteenth

25th Twenty-fifth

6th Sixth

21st Twenty-first

16th Sixteenth

26 Twenty-sixth

7th Seventh

17th Seventeenth

27th Twenty-seventh

8th Eight

18th Eighteenth

28th Twenty-eighth

9th Ninth

19th Nineteenth

29th Twenty-ninth

10th Tenth

20th Twentieth

30th Thirtieth
31st Thirty-first

MONTHS
-

January
May
September

- February
- June
- October

- March
- July
- November

EXAMPLES OF DATES:
TODAY IS MONDAY, AUGUST 19TH, 2013.
MY BIRTHDAY IS ON SEPTEMBER 11TH.
HOW TO USE GOING TO + A DATE ON A SENTENCE:
I AM GOING TO FINISH THIS COURSE ON NOVEMBER 9TH.
WE ARE GOING TO GET MARRIED ON DECEMBER 21ST.
TODAY IS JANUARY 1ST, WE ARE GOING TO CELEBRATE NEW YEAR.

- April
- August
- December

EXERCISE DRILL
READ THE TEXT, THEN ANSWER THE QUESTIONS:
Mary is going to have a party next Saturday. She is going to wear a red dress and her very nice
black high-heels. She is going to invite lots of friends but unfortunately not all of them are going
to come. Her friend Lucy is going to travel to Holland next weekend so she is not going to attend
the party. Her cousin Lucas is going to have an art exhibition so he is going to miss the party.
However some other friends are going to accept her invitation, for an example Tina and Robert,
both her coworkers are going to come from Italy to her party; her uncle Arthur as well as her
fianc Tomas are going to be present too even when Tomas is going to arrive a little late. All in
all it is going to have a nice party where Mary is going to serve cool drinks, nice sweets, and lots
of snacks!
1.- Is Marys party goig to be on Sunday?
2.- Is she going to wear black high-heels?
3.- Is Lucy going to travel to Canada?
4.- Is Lucas goig to attend the party?
5.- Is her uncle going to serve lots of snacks?
6.- Are Tina and Robert going to work?
7.- Is Tomas going to arrive late?
8.- Is Mary going to wear a blue dress?
9.- Is she going to serve any pasta?
10.- Are Marys drinks going to be cool?

WRITE THE FOLLOWING DATES AS IN THE EXAMPLE: (MONTH / DATE)

9/11: September 11th
a)
b)
c)
d)

7/7
1/10
3/5
3/31

e) 10/25
f) 11/2
g) 2/27
h) 9/6

UNIT 4 HEALTH PROBLEMS

-

VOCABULARY ABOUT PARTS OF THE BODY.

VOCABULARY ON ILLNESSES
VOCABULARY ON REMEDIES.
EXPRESSIONS ABOUT HEALTH AND CONDITIONS.

GRAMMAR STRUCTURES:

A)
B)
-

HAVE + NOUN
I HAVE A COLD
I HAVE THE FEVER
SHE HAS A BACKACHE
WE HAVE THE FLU
FEEL + ADJECTIVE
I FEEL WELL.
I FEEL AWFUL.
I DONT FEEL WELL
MY MOM FEELS TERRIBLE

POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IMPERATIVES GIVING ADVICE ABOUT HEALTH PROBLEMS

DONT GO TO BED LATE

TEA
DONT LIFT HEAVY THINGS
BATH
DONT EAT ANY HEAVY FOOD TODAY
FOUR HOURS
DONT EAT ANY COLD FOOD
YOUR ELBOW

- DRINK A HOT
- TAKE A HOT
- TAKE A PILL EVERY
- RUB CREAM ON

EXERCISE DRILL

I MATCH THE ILLNESS TO THEIR REMEDIES OR MEDICATIONS:

a) I have a sore throat.

twice a day.
b) I cant sleep at night.
c) I have a stomachache.
d) I think I have a cold.
e) I have sore eyes.
f) I dont feel well.
some minutes.
g) I have a headache.
pills.

II MATCH THE FEELINGS TO THE ADVICES OR RESPONSES:

_____ Use these eye-drops

_____ Take some aspirin.
_____ Drink a cough syrup.
_____ Have some antacid.
_____ Go home early
_____ Close your eyes for
_____ Take some cold

a) I feel awful
the phone.
b) I feel sick
doctor.
c) I feel terrible
that.
d) I dont feel well.
e) I feel better.
medicine.
f) I feel bad
today.
g) I feel a little homesick
better soon.

_____ Call your family on

_____ You should see a
_____ Im glad to hear
_____ Sit down and relax.
_____ Take some
_____ Dont go to work
_____ I hope you feel

UNIT 5 GIVING DIRECTIONS

-

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE
DIRECTIONS ON HOW TO FIND A PLACE IN A CITY
VOCABULARY OF PLACES IN A CITY

USUAL PLACES IN A CITY:

Beauty parlor
Shop

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE

Shoe store
Bank
CORNER OF - BEHIND

ACROSS FROM BETWEEN NEXT TO ON THE

Park
Town hall

DIALOGUE ABOUT HOW TO GET TO A GIVEN

ADDRESS:

Supermarket
Bus station

A: Excuse me, is there a public restroom around here?

Hospital

B: Yes, there is one on Main Avenue.

Hotel

A: Where is it exactly?

Movie Theater
streets.

B: Its on Main Avenue between First and Second

School

A: How can I get there?

Houses
and walk up one block, it

B: Just go straight ahead for two blocks, then turn left

Apartments

is on the right.

Bakery
Butchery
Department store

GIVING DIRECTIONS

Gas station
RIGHT
TURN LEFT

WALK UP/WALK DOWN

GO STRAIGHT AHEAD

GO UP/GO DOWN

WALK FOR ONE BLOCK

DOWN FOR TWO BLOCKS

DIRECTIONS:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

The town hall is between the drugstore and the library.

My house is on the corner of First Avenue and Third Street.
The park is in front of the church.
The gas station is behind the mall, its next to the market.
The library is across from the bookstore.
EXERCISE DRILL

COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT PREPOSITION OF PLACE:

1.- The park is just ________________ the town hall and the church.
2.- My house is _________________ to yours.
3.- The stadium is _____________ the bus station.
4.- The supermarket is ______________________________ 4th Street and 2nd Avenue.
5.- The school is _____ Main Street.

UNSCRAMBLE THESE SENTENCES:

1.- my/apartment/on/avenue/is/third.
2.- the/behind/are/the/gas station/apartments.
3.- next to/library/is/bank/the/the.
4.- across from/shoe store/the/is/the/post office.
5.- house/my/between/beauty parlor/and/the/is/grocery store/the.
6.- First Avenue/cyber caf/on/and/the/the/corner/41st Street/is/of.
7.- school/is/behind/the/supermarket/the.

TURN
WALK

8.- boutique/between/is/the/and/the/shoe store/the/beauty parlor.

9.- the/English school/next to/is/French Institute/the.
10.- are/behind/the/grocery store/the/restrooms.

LOOK TO THE MAP BELOW, IMAGINE YOU ARE AT THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL, GIVE
DIRECTIONS TO GET TO THE POST OFFICE:

UNIT 6 PAST EVENTS (TO BE)

-

SIMPLE PAST OF THE VERB TO BE

WH-QUESTIONS
THERE WAS THERE WERE
TIME EXPRESSIONS

VERB TO BE IN PAST TENSE:

I WAS
WERE

YOU WERE
THEY WERE

HE WAS

SHE WAS

IT WAS

WE WERE

YOU

NEGATIVE FORM:
I WAS NOT/I WASNT

YOU WERE NOT/YOU WERENT

SHE WAS NOT/SHE WASNT

WERENT

IT WAS NOT/IT WASNT

HE WAS NOT/HE WASNT

WE WERE NOT/WE

YOU WERE NOT/YOU WERENT

THEY WERE NOT/THEY WERENT

INTERROGATIVE FORM WITH POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ANSWERS:

WAS I? (+) YES, YOU WERE.
WERE YOU?
WAS HE?

(+) YES, I WAS.

(-) NO, YOU WERENT.

(-) NO, I WASNT

(+) YES, HE WAS.

(-) NO, HE WASNT.

WAS SHE? (+) YES, SHE WAS. (-) NO, SHE WASNT
WAS IT?

(+) YES, IT WAS.

WERE WE?

(-) NO, IT WASNT

(+) YES, YOU WERE.

(-) NO, YOU WERENT.

WERE YOU? (+) YES, WE WERE

WERE THEY?

(-) NO, WE WERENT.

(+) YES, THEY WERE

(-) NO, THEY WERENT.

WH-QUESTIONS WITH WAS & WERE:

WHERE WERE YOU BORN?

I WAS BORN IN KOREA.
WHEN WERE YOU BORN?
I WAS BORN IN 1994.
WHO WAS WITH YOU LAST NIGHT?
MY PARENTS WERE WITH ME LAST NIGHT.
WHAT WAS YOUR FIRST JOB?
MY FIRST JOB WAS AS A RECEPTIONIST.
WHAT WAS YOUR MAJOR IN COLLEGE? MY MAJOR WAS DRAMA.
WHICH WAS YOUR FAVORITE SPORT BACK THEN? MY FAVORITE SPORT WAS
TENNIS.
WHERE WAS YOUR FATHER BORN?
HE WAS BORN IN CHINA.
HOW OLD WERE YOU WHEN YOU CAME TO AUSTRALIA?
I WAS SEVENTEEN.

SENTENCES USING THERE WAS & THERE WERE:

-

THERE
THERE
THERE
THERE
THERE
THERE

WAS A TREE ON THIS PLACE A LONG AGO.

WERE MANY TREES ON THIS PARK ONE YEAR AGO.
WAS A SCHOOL IN THIS BUILDING ONE MONTH AGO.
WERE MANY TEACHERS AT SCHOOL LAST SATURDAY.
WAS A TV IN MY ROOM BUT THERE WASNT A RADIO.
WERE MANY BOOKS IN YOUR HOUSE BUT THERE WERENT ANY PICTURES.

THERE WAS THERE WAS NOT (THERE WASNT)

THERE WERE THERE WERE NOT (THERE WERENT)
TIME EXPRESSIONS:
EARLY
LAST SEMESTER

LAST YEAR

IN 2012

LATE
LAST VACATION

A YEAR AGO

YESTERDAY
NEXT SATURDAY

LAST WEEK

LAST FRIDAY
NEXT YEAR

LAST SUMMER

LAST MONTH
ON MONDAYS

IN 1995

LAST NIGHT
A FEW DAYS AGO
TWO HOURS AGO
A LONG AGO

EXERCISE DRILL
ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS USING YOUR OWN INFORMATION:
1.- HOW OLD WERE YOU WHEN YOU ENTERED SECONDARY SCHOOL?
2.- WHAT WAS YOUR FAVORITE SUBJECT?
3.- WHO WAS YOUR FAVORITE TEACHER?
4.- WHEN WERE YOU BORN?
5.- WHERE WERE YOU BORN?
6.- WHAT DAY OF THE WEEK WAS YOUR LAST BIRTHDAY?
7.- WHAT DAY WAS YESTERDAY?
8.- WAS YOUR TEACHER A NICE PERSON?
9.- WAS YOUR SCHOOL LARGE?
10.- WERE YOUR CLASSMATES POLITE?

FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THERE WAS, THERE WASNT, THERE WERE, OR
THERE WERENT:
A long time ago ____________________ a park on this place, __________________ many trees
and ___________ a beautiful fountain. ___________________ many birds around the fountain
but __________________ any benches around. _____________ a kiosk, but we had an
enormous hall where to hide from the rain until now. In the Summer __________________
lots of clowns and food stands around the park, however _______________________ any
restaurants around.

COMPLETE THE CONVERSATION WITH WAS OR WERE:

A: HOW OLD ______ YOU IN 1999?

B: I ______ 13 YEARS OLD.

A: WHERE ____________ YOU LIVING BACK THEN?
B: I ______________LIVING IN SOUTH AFRICA, WITH MY PARENTS.
A: WHAT CITY __________ YOU LIVING IN?
B: WE ___________ LIVING IN CAPE TOWN, THE CAPITAL CITY.
A: _______________ YOUR FAMILY HAPPY ENOUGH THERE?
B: YES, MY FAMILY ___________ VERY HAPPY THERE.

UNIT 7 PAST EVENTS

- SIMPLE PAST REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS
- TIME EXPRESSIONS
- YES/NO QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS IN SIMPLE PAST TENSE
GRAMMAR RULES FOR SIMPLE PAST TENSE AFFIRMATIVE FORM (REGULAR
VERBS):
ALL VERBS ADD ED TO THEIR INFINITE FORM.
VERBS ENDING IN VOWEL E ONLY ADD ED TO THE INFINITIVE.
VERBS ENDING IN Y PRECEDED BY A CONSONANT DROP THE Y AND ADD
IED.
VERBS ENDING IN ONE SINGLE CONSONANT PRECEDED BY A VOWEL WITH
ACCENT ON IT, DOUBLE THEIR LAST CONSONANT AND ADD ED.
EXAMPLES:
PRESENT
I WALK TO SCHOOL.
SCHOOL.

PAST
I WALKED TO

WE WORK TOO HARD.

TOO HARD.

WE WORKED

SHE PAINTS PICTURES.

PICTURES.

SHE PAINTED

YOU TYPE THE EXAM.

EXAM.

YOU TYPED THE

I BELIEVE IN LOVE.
LOVE.

I BELIEVED IN

THEY DELETE THE FILES.

THE FILES.

THEY DELETED

WE CRY LOUD.
LOUD.

WE CRIED

YOU TRY SO HARD.

HARD.

YOU TRIED SO

THEY STUDY ALL NIGHT.

ALL NIGHT.

THEY STUDIED

WE ALL DUB MUSIC.

DUBBED MUSIC.

WE ALL

THE BUSES STOP AT MIDNIGHT.

STOPPED AT MIDNIGHT.
YOU SLAM THE DOOR.
THE DOOR.

THE BUSES
YOU SLAMMED

STRUCTURE FOR NEGATIVE SENTENCES

SUBJECT + AUXILIARY VERB DID + NOT + UNALTERED VERB.
Examples:
- I DID NOT ATTEND THE PARTY.
- YOU DID NOT DRINK SODA.
IS ABREVIATTED AS
- THEY DID NOT TRY SO HARD.
DIDNT - WE DID NOT DUB MUSIC.
OF THE TIMES.

DID NOT

MOST

STRUCTURE FOR INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES AND THEIR POSSIBLE

SHORT ANSWERS:
AUXILIARY VER DID + NOUN + UNALTERED VERB + COMPLEMENT.

Examples:
- DID YOU ATTEND THE PARTY?
(+) Yes, I did.
(-) No, I didnt.
- DID YOUR PARENTS GO TO CHURCH?
(+) Yes, they did.
(-) No,
they didnt.
- DID MICHELLE WEAR BOOTS LAST NIGHT?
(+) Yes, she did. (-) No,
she didnt.
IRREGULAR VERBS COULD NOT CHANGE, CHANGE A LITTLE OR CHANGE
COMPLETELY WHEN PASSED FROM INFINITIVE TO SIMPLE PAST. THE
STUDENT MUST LEARN BY HEART MOST OF THE MOST COMMONLY USED
IRREGULAR VERBS.
PRESENT

PAST

BRING

BRANG

BUY

BOUGHT

CATCH

CAUGHT

DO

DID

DRINK

DRANK

GET

GOT

GO

WENT

LEARN

LEARNT

READ

READ

WRITE

WROTE

THESE CHANGES ARE NOT OBSERVED WHEN THE VERB IS USED IN PAST
TENSE NEGATIVE SENTENCES NOR IN INTERROGATIVE ONES:
EXAMPLES:
AFFIRMATIVE
INTERROGATIVE

NEGATIVE

I BOUGHT A BOOK.
YOU BUY A BOOK?

I DIDNT BUY A BOOK.

I DRANK A BEER.
YOU DRINK A BEER?

I DIDNT DRINK A BEER.

DID
DID

SHE LEARNT ENGLISH.

SHE LEARN ENGLISH?

SHE DIDNT LEARN ENGLISH.

YOU WROTE A LETTER.

YOU WRITE A LETTER?

YOU DIDNT WRITE A LETTER.

DID
DID

TIME EXPRESSIONS
TWO DAYS AGO
WEEKS AGO

YESTERDAY NOON

TWO

LAST SUMMER
HOUR AGO

LAST VACATION

ONE

A MINUTE AGO
LAST HOLIDAYS

LAST SEMESTER

BACK IN THE DAYS

LONG TIME AGO

TWO MONTHS AGO

A VERY LONG AGO

YEAR BACK

LAST FALL

A
A

EXERCISE DRILL
READ THE FOLLOWING PARAGRAPH, THEN CHANGE IT TO THE PAST TENSE:
Mary and I take many photos on Sunday. She and I walk around the park and eat lots of
ice-cream. We go to the cinema and buy pop-corn and soda. We return home around 11
and see each other again on the next day.
She studies Biology and I work for a Computer Company. In our free time we always
read, play, see people, and work out at the gym. We are a very busy couple.

CHANGE THESE STATEMENTS TO THE SIMPLE PAST, POSITIVE, NEGATIVE

AND INTERROGATIVE:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

I cross the street every day.

You cook sausages for tonight.
He reads lots of books.
She prefers to stay home.
It rains all the time.
We read lots of books.
You buy at the grocery store.
They carry their bags carefully.
I study this guide.

10.

You take some of my belongings.

ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS USING YOUR OWN INFORMATION:

1.- Did you study English last night?
2.- Did your brother work for a transnational company?
3.- Did your teacher help you with your homework?
4.- Did your classmates download the information for the exam?
5.- Did you sleep well last night?

UNIT 8 PHONE CALLS

- OBJECT PRONOUNS
- PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE
- ACCEPTING AND DECLINING INVITATIONS
A TABLE OF PRONOUNS:
SUBJECT PRONOUNS
PRONOUNS
I

OBJECT
ME

YOU

YOU

HE

HIM

SHE

HER

IT

IT

WE

US

YOU

YOU

THEY

THEM

FUNCTION OF OBJECT PRONOUNS IS TO MAKE THE NOUN TO BE THE

RECEIVER OF AN ACTION. EXAMPLES:
I PLAY WITH THE DOGS (I PLAY WITH THEM)

YOU COOK THE MEAL (YOU COOK IT)

ANNA LENDS MICHAEL THE RECORDER. (ANNA LENDS IT TO HIM)
I STUDY THE LESSON (I STUDY IT)
WE FAIL THE EXAM (WE FAIL IT)
YOU BORROW THE BALL FROM THE SMITHS (YOU BORROW THE BALL FROM
THEM)
EXAMPLE OF A PHONE CONVERSATION USING SOME OBJECT PRONOUNS:
A: Hello, good afternoon, would you like to go to the movies with me?
B: Sure, what movie should we go to watch?
A: What about Terminator IV?, Im sure youll like it.
B: Oh, no, I dont like old movies, perhaps a newer one?
A: Let me check the program, oh yeah, theres plenty of recent movies at
play.
B: Ok, let me check them too and we will decide which movie to watch.
A: Thats great for me.
EXAMPLE OF A PHONE CONVERSATION DECLINING AN INVITATION:
A: Hi, would you like to come to have dinner with me tonight?
B: sorry but I cant, I have to take care of my nephew.
A: Thats too bad, well maybe tomorrow
B: Ill leave you a message if I can, touch you soon.
SENTENCES TO ACCEPT AN INVITATION:
Id love to
Yes, I want to go
tell me the time and place
Id like to come to your party
shall we meet.
SENTENCES TO DECLINE AN INVITATION:

Sure, just

Yes, I do. Let me know when

Sorry but I cant.

Im busy tonight.
I have to work tonight.
today, maybe tomorrow.

Im so sorry, I have to baby-sit.

My cell phone was out of order.

I cant

PLACE PREPOSITIONS (AT, IN, ON)

- Tony is at the library.
on vacation.
- She is at school
you on Saturday.
- We are at work.
on tour.

Mary is in bed.

We are

Fishes are in the sea.

My mom is in the kitchen.

See
We are

CONVERSATION LOOKING FOR SOMEONE AND GIVING HIM/HER A MESSAGE:

A: Hell is Bob there, please?
B: Im sorry, he isnt at home right now, he is at the park.
A: Ok, look, this is his friend Brian speaking, could I give him a message,
please?
B: Sure.
A: Just tell him to bring me my books home, I really need all of them.
B: All right Brian, I will let him know when he returns home.
A: Thank you so much, bye.
B: You are welcome, good-bye.
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS FOR TELEPHONING:
Hi, this is (your name) speaking.
please?

Hello, is (someone) there,

Good morning, what can I do for you?

Hello, could I speak to (someone) please?
bye.

Who is this, please?

Thanks for calling,

EXERCISE DRILL
CHANGE THE UNDERLINED NOUN INTO AN OBJECT PRONOUN AS IN THE
EXAMPLE, CHOOSE FROM ME, YOU, HIM, HER, IT, US, YOU or THEM.
Ex: I need the books I need them.
1. Please give Michael the peaches.
2. Dont forgive to clean the armchairs.
3. Turn the TV on.
4. Where are my papers?, I need my papers.
5. Where is Donna? Im looking for Donna.
6. English is very easy. I am going to approve English.
7. Would you like going to the movies with me and my brother?
8. I cant solve this puzzle.
9. I cant stand that kind of music.
10.
Laurie is very beautiful, I like Laurie.
PHONE CONVERSATION: THE STUDENT WILL HAVE A PHONE
CONVERSATION WITH THE TEACHER EITHER ACCEPTING OR DECLINING
AN INVITATION AS IN PREVIOUS EXAMPLES (ORAL PRACTICE)

Adhesive bonding technology :Manufacturing technology

Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (FhG)Research partner for industry
The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft is the leading organization for institutes of applied research in
Europe. It currently operates 58 research institutes and employs about 12,700
people at various locations throughout Germany. Most of the annual research budget of about 1
billion euros is directed at contract research for both private industry and public sector. The
results of this research make a key contribution of safe guarding the position of industry in
Germany
IFAM
Expertise and know-how Adhesive Bonding Technology and Surfaces The Fraunhofer Institute for
Manufacturing Technology and Applied Materials Research Adhesive Bonding Technology and
Surfaces (IFAM) is the
largest independent research organization in Europe in the area of industrial bonding technology.
More than 100
employees are actively engaged in research and development work, with their goal being to
develop application orientated bonding system solutions for industry. Multifunctional products,
lightweight construction and miniaturization realized by intelligent combination of materials
offer new opportunities and IFAM has the knowhow
to bring these to fruition. The work of the institute extends from fundamental research through to
manufacturing
and on to the market introduction of new products. Industrial fields of application are in plant
engineering, vehicle manufacture and micro-assembly and in the packaging, textile and
electronics industries.

The business field Adhesive Bonding Technology is principally concerned with the development
and characterization
of adhesives, with the constructional design of adhesive bonds and with their realization and
qualification.
Another key area of work is the provision of certified training courses and follow-up courses in
the area of bonding technology. This is so because appropriate, timely and competent staff
training is becoming ever more important for technology transfer.
The business field Surfaces is divided into plasma technology and coatings technology. These
areas are concerned
with the pretreatment of the surfaces of the materials which are used. As a result, additional
properties
are conferred on the materials which enables them to be used in other areas of application. A
field being worked in by both areas is Surface and Interfacial Analysis. The fundamental
knowledge being obtained here guarantees the reliability of adhesive bonds and coatings.
From the first idea right through to realization The key technology of bonding can now be
counted amongst other
established joining techniques such as riveting, welding and soldering. In almost all sectors of
industry, the
intelligent use of bonding technology allows new products to be made and considerable costs to
be saved. IFAM
is Europes largest independent research institute in this field and possesses the expertise that is
required
for implementing bonding technology in a broad range of industrial processes. In the
manufacturing technology
business field, optimized solutions tailored to customers individual requirements are being
developed for troublefree integration of this joining technique into production processes.
With regard to the implementation of bonding technology in a manufacturing environment, the
manufacturing technology business field at IFAM supports customers from the conception of the
first idea right through to final implementation in series production. In contrast to conventional
joining techniques, the use of bonding requires considerations to be made at an early stage
about the sequence and design of the manufacturing process. By carefully considering the
relevant boundary
conditions, optimum use can be made of the diverse expertise and knowledge at IFAM.
This leads to an optimized rather than a standard solution, namely a solution that meets the
specific requirements of the customer. Close integration of simulation and planning results in
ideal integration of bonding into the manufacturing process. Constant input from the individual
workgroups at IFAM perhaps regarding the processing properties of an adhesive or the surface
modification of the components being joined guarantees a technologically sound solution. IFAM
naturally has extensive experience of combining bonding technology with mechanical joining
techniques.
The key for successful application of bonding technology in an industrial process is timely,
detailed planning of
the manufacturing process. In order to realize a solution that is tailored to the needs of the
customer, the operations
of the company and all requirements and boundary conditions are investigated.
As all disciplines relating to bonding technology are concentrated at IFAM, the manufacturing
technology
business field can call on the expert know-how of the individual specialized areas throughout the
realization
and integration phases. All detailed matters are evaluated in close contact with the respective
specialized

work groups at IFAM. The manufacturing technology business field plays a central mediating role
in this
process. This interdisciplinary approach ultimately guarantees optimum integration of bonding
technology into a
production process a service that only a research and development institute of IFAMs standing
and
scope can provide.
Production planning Production planning involves detailed investigation of how the adhesive can
best be applied to components. The aim is an optimum production process with very low
rejection rates. The thorough planning of the work evaluates a number of alternatives and
pinpoints the most practical solution, with constant consideration being made to both technical
and economic aspects. This approach considerably reduces the phase leading to a final decision
on investment.
Once the production boundary conditions are known, then the optimum combination of
application techniques,
machinery, dosing equipment, robots and other parameters must subsequently.
Proposals that are technically and economically viable
be determined. For designing the workplace, IFAM uses amongst other things computer-aided 3D
simulation tools, for which additional modules with user-specific functions have been developed.
Here, detailed bonding specific parameters have been taken into account for the robot simulation
in order to obtain even more realistic results. Instead of costly experimental
rigs this allows different lower cost scenarios to be tested. The use of robots, the movement of
components,
cycle-time changes, accessibility and collision risks are thoroughly investigated and assessed.
Potential fault
sources can hence be recognized at a very early stage, so avoiding later start-up costs and cost
for modifications.
Once the planning process is complete, the proposed solution is discussed with the customer. All
proposals
assess the economic aspects of the various alternatives in addition to technical considerations.
For economic
evaluation of the application of bonding technology, IFAM has developed a computer-based
system of performance
figures that visualizes the effects of various decisions in production planning. During the ultimate
integration of the
solution chosen by the customer, the first control code for the real application can be obtained
from the simulation
model. Here, parameters such as the speed of the TCP, product quantity, cycle-time, spatial
aspects and the
mode of operation of the dosing equipment can already be taken in to account.
1. who is and what does the fraunhofer-gesellschaft do?
2. what does IFAM mean?
3. what are the industrial fields of application?
4. which is another area of work from IFAM?
5. how are the business field surfaces divided?
6. what can the key technology of bonding do?
7. How is the The key for successful application of bonding technology?
8. What The manufacturing technology business field can do?
9. What the Production planning involves?
10.What kind of tools IFAM have for it best development ?