33attachment B Technical Report

NORTH AUCKLAND AND NORTHLAND GRID
UPGRADE PROJECT
ATTACHMENT B
TECHNICAL REPORT
Revision 1 May 2008
Attachment B: Technical Report May 2008 Revision
Executive Summary
A number of transmission development options were considered for providing a secure
power supply to North Auckland and Northland. This report presents analysis of four
options from the preliminary long list of options. These are the options which remained as
viable options after a high level analysis of the long list.
With some minor upgrades, the existing transmission system reaches its capacity by 2016
and a major new investment is required to be in place before then. The long list of
options included building new transmission assets, upgrading the existing lines, providing
generation north of the constriction, distributed generation or load control in the North
Auckland-Northland region.
The four options analysed in detail in this report include:
Installing a single new 220 kV cable circuit across Auckland from Penrose to Albany,
with a second circuit installed if and when required;
Upgrading the existing 220 & 110 kV networks by replacing existing conductor with
high temperature conductor of equal dimensions;
Installing a new 220 kV cable circuit from Penrose to Mount Roskill and a 220/110 kV
interconnection at Mount Roskill;
New generation in the area north of Auckland.
Option 1: Single 220 kV cable circuit from Penrose to Albany
This option involves a single 220 kV cable circuit from Penrose to Hobson Street via an
existing tunnel, then from Hobson Street to Wairau Road using cable buried along the
roading system and attached to the Harbour Bridge, and a section from Wairau Road to
Albany mostly buried in a new busway currently under construction.
The new 220 kV cable circuit is assumed to have a capacity of 630 MVA in winter. The
cable circuit will include a series reactor to balance power flow north between this circuit
and existing overhead lines. A new 220kV cable connection is also installed between
Pakuranga and Penrose substation.
The augmented transmission system into Northland is expected to reach its n-1 capacity
by 2036,1 requiring an additional 220 kV cable circuit to be installed.
Option 2: High Temperature Conductor
This option includes replacing the conductor on the 220 kV HEN-OTA line and on the 110
kV OTA-MNG-ROS-HEP-HEN lines as n-1 capacity is exceeded. The type of conductor
used is assumed to be of similar dimension to the existing conductor to avoid any change
in the physical appearance of the lines.
Eventually a new circuit from Penrose to Mount Roskill will be required as the n-1 capacity
of the upgraded circuits is exceeded.
Option 3: Single 220 kV cable circuit from Penrose to Mount Roskill
This option involves installing a 220 kV cable from Penrose substation to Mount Roskill
substation and initially a single 220/110 kV transformer at Mount Roskill.
The new circuit has a rating of 630 MVA and is approximately 10 km in length. This will be
installed before the Henderson-Otahuhu overhead circuit exceeds n-1 capacity, and will
increase supply capacity to the Northland region by increasing power flow north on the
110 kV circuits across Auckland. A new 220kV cable connection is also installed between
Pakuranga and Penrose substation.
1
Note that the n-1 analysis in this attachment was carried out on the basis of the security criteria set out at
section 2.7 of this attachment.
Grid Upgrade Plan 2007 Instalment 1, Part III North Auckland and Northland Investment Proposal May 2008
Revision Transpower New Zealand Limited 2008. All rights reserved.
A second interconnecting transformer is installed at Mount Roskill when required to

increase power flow north on the 110 kV system. The second transformer increases the
220-110 kV total n-1 transfer capacity and delays further major investment by four more
years. Ultimately a cross-harbour cable as in Option 1 will be installed.
Option 4: Installing new generation north of the Auckland
A technical analysis of this option is provided for information only. A discussion on the
status of this option is provided in the proposal document.
This option includes installing new generation north of Henderson substation. For the
purposes of this work, it is assumed that the new generation is connected into the 220 kV
Huapai-Marsden circuit. The maximum amount of reliable generation assumed to be
available is 240 MW.
The new generation delays the requirement to reinforce the supply into Northland. The
110 kV system is reinforced as its n-1 capacity is exceeded, by installing a 220 kV
Penrose-Mount Roskill circuit and an interconnection at Mount Roskill. Eventually under
this option a cross-harbour cable will be installed including new GXPs at Hobson Street
and Wairau Road
Reactive support is planned to meet reactive power losses and ensure voltage stability of
the power system. Dynamic reactive power support is planned such that there are
sufficient reserves to cover the worst transmission contingency, whether the Ngawha
power station new generation (15 MW) is in service or not
Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.......................................................................................2
1
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................6
EXISTING SYSTEM........................................................................................9
2.1
Transmission .....................................................................................................................................9
2.2
Voltage Support ..............................................................................................................................12
ASSUMPTIONS AND METHODOLOGY......................................................13
3.1
General Assumptions......................................................................................................................13
3.2
Demand Forecast ............................................................................................................................13
3.3
Generation .......................................................................................................................................14
3.4
Component Ratings ........................................................................................................................15
3.5
Description of Modelled New Circuits ..........................................................................................15
3.6
Distribution System ........................................................................................................................15
3.7
Security Criteria..............................................................................................................................17
3.8
Planning Horizon ............................................................................................................................17
3.9
Methodology for Analysis...............................................................................................................17
COMMON AUGMENTATIONS.....................................................................19
4.1
North Island Grid Upgrade Project ..............................................................................................19
4.2
Other Projects .................................................................................................................................20
4.3
Voltage Support Plan......................................................................................................................21
4.4
Penrose 110 kV Reinforcement......................................................................................................22
PROJECT ALTERNATIVES.........................................................................24
5.1
Option 1 Cross Harbour Cables .................................................................................................25
5.2
Option 2 High Temperature Conductor ....................................................................................28
5.3
Option 3 New interconnection at Roskill ...................................................................................31
5.4
Option 4 New generation north of Auckland.............................................................................34
DISCUSSION ON REACTIVE PLANS .........................................................37
6.1
Static Reactive Requirements ........................................................................................................37
6.2
Dynamic Reactive Requirements...................................................................................................37
SUMMARY ...................................................................................................41
APPENDIX A EXISTING CIRCUIT RATINGS .................................................42

APPENDIX B - INTERCONNECTION TRANSFORMER RATINGS...................43
APPENDIX C - PARAMETERS OF NEW COMPONENTS USED......................44
APPENDIX D - SUBSTATION CODES...............................................................46
APPENDIX E - FORECAST LOAD DATA ..........................................................48
APPENDIX F - CHARACTERISTIC OF NAAN LOAD........................................49
APPENDIX G - CHARACTERISTIC OF PENROSE LOAD ................................50
Introduction
For the purposes of this report, the North Auckland and Northland (NAaN) region includes
the loads at Hepburn and Henderson, and everything north of that. The peak load of this
region was about 839 MVA in 2006 and is expected to be in excess of 850 MVA in 2007.
The historical average annual increase over the past five years is approximately 3%.
This report describes the technical assessment of alternatives for augmenting the
transmission capacity across Auckland and into the NAaN area, to ensure adequate
security of supply out to 2039. The results of the analysis are summarised in the form of a
timed development plan for each transmission alternative. The timings of the planned
transmission developments are based on Electricity Commissions prudent demand
forecast as of August 2007, adjusted by Transpower and as used for the 2008 Annual
Planning Report.
The scope of this report is limited to:
steady state analysis of the Auckland and Northland power system to ensure that it
would remain in a satisfactory state following any single credible contingency event
occurring on the core grid. This assumes that Ngawha generation is 10 MW, which
allows for an outage of 15 MW of Ngawha generation (due to be commissioned).
analysis of the power transmission system across Auckland and into the NAaN area.
It does not address security issues into the Auckland area from the south. For security
of supply into Auckland (specifically into Otahuhu and Pakuranga), the analysis
assumes the development plans as described in the North Island Grid Upgrade
Project (NI GUP) Amended Proposal, Option 2.
The reactive power support plan is developed to ensure stable operation of the power
system. The plan for each development option ensures the set voltage (1.02 pu for this
study) can be maintained at each controlled bus, under n-1 conditions, to a demand level
of the forecast peak demand in each year. Sufficient dynamic support is planned so that
no capacitor switching is required post-contingency.
The reactive plan from Otahuhu south is as developed for the NI GUP, and it is assumed
that the voltage at Otahuhu is maintained at 1.02 pu under all contingencies.
Four transmission options were analysed in detail for enhancing the security of supply into
the NAaN area as follows:
1.
Installing a 220 kV cross-harbour cable, from Penrose to Albany, connecting into

new grid exit points (GXPs) along the route at Hobson Street and Wairau Road.
2.
Upgrading existing transmission circuits using high temperature conductor,

avoiding as far as possible constructing any new lines
3.
Installing a new 220 kV cable circuit from Penrose to Mount Roskill with a
220/110 kV interconnection at Mount Roskill. This would be followed by a cross
harbour cable as per option 1 but deferred by 10 years.
4.
New generation in the Northland region modelled as being connected into the
220 kV Huapai-Marsden circuit.
Table 1-1 below summarises the development plans for the four options considered in
detail.
Table 1-1 Summary of Development Plans for the Four Preferred Options
Year*
2009
Option 1
Option 2
Option 3
Option 4
Cross harbour cable
HTC
Reinforce Mt Roskill
Northern generation
nd
nd
nd
nd
2 220/110 kV
transformer at PEN in
parallel with PEN T10
2 220/110 kV
2 220/110 kV
2 220/110 kV
1st PEN-HOB-WRUALB cable
High Temp conductor

on 220 kV HEN-OTA
circuits
One 220 kV PAK-PEN

circuit
New HOB and WRU

GXP's
One 220 kV PAK-PEN
circuit
One 220 kV PAK-PEN

circuit
New 220 kV transformer

feeder at ROS (one
220 kV PEN-ROS
cable) and a ROS
220/110 kV
interconnecting
transformer (ICT)
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
120 MW new generation

at Rodney connected to
220 kV MDN-HPI 1
circuit
One 220 kV PAK-PEN

circuit
2017
2018
Upgrade HEN
220/110 kV
transformers with 2 x
250 MVA 7% units
Replace existing HEN

220/110 kV
transformers with 2 x
250 MVA 7% units
2019
Install a second ICT at

ALB
2020
Second 220/110 kV
transformer at ALB
2021
High Temp conductor

on 110 kV MNG-ROS
circuits

ALB

feeder at ROS (one
220 kV PEN-ROS cable
& one ROS 220/110 kV
transformer)
Upgrade 200m of ALBHEN 3 to duplex zebra

conductor
2022

ROS
2023
Second 220/110 kV
transformer at HOB
2024
2 supply transformer
at WRU
nd
One series reactor in

the PAK-PEN 1 circuit
Third 220/110 kV
transformer at OTA in
parallel with T3 & T5
Upgrade HEP-ROS 1 &

2 circuits
High temp conductor on

Year*
Option 1
Option 2
Option 3
Option 4
Cross harbour cable
HTC
Northern generation
110 kV OTA-ROS 1 & 2
2025
2026
Series reactor in OTAPEN 2 circuit

2nd 220 kV PAK-PEN
circuit
Install first crossharbour cable PENHOB-WRU-ALB plus

GXPs at HOB and WRU
2nd 220 kV PAK-PEN

circuit
Install a second supply

transformer at WRU
Install a second PAKPEN cable and a series
reactor
2027
2028
Series reactors In
220 kV PAK-PEN
circuits

110 kV MNG-OTA 1 & 2
120 MW additional
generation at Rodney

feeder at ROS
(one 220 kV PEN-ROS
cable & one ROS
220/110 kV transformer)
2029

ALB-HEN-HPI circuits
2030
Series reactor on OTAPEN 2 circuit
Third 220/110 kV
transformer MDN
Third 220/110 kV
transformer MDN
2031
Third 220/110 kV
transformer MDN
Third 220/110 kV
transformer MDN
2032
Install a series reactor

on OTA-PEN 2 circuit

ROS
Install series reactors in
PAK-PEN 1 & 2 circuits
2033
2034
2035
2036
2nd 220 kV ALB-PEN

cable, this one not
connected into HOB or
WRU GXP's

feeder at ROS
(one 220 kV PEN-ROS
cable & one ROS
220/110 kV transformer)
Series reactors in
110 kV ALB-HEN 1&2
circuits
Second 220/110 kV
transformer at HOB
1st PEN-HOB-WRUALB cable

New HOB and WRU
GXP's, two ICTs at
HOB
Install second HOB ICT
Instal second WRU
supply transformer

HEP-ROS 1&2 circuits
2nd 220 kV PAK-PEN

circuit
Year*
Option 1
Option 2
Option 3
Option 4
Cross harbour cable
HTC
Northern generation
High temperature
conductor on HEN-WEL
1 & 2 circuits
Upgrade PAK-PEN
circuits from 667 MVA to
1100 MVA
2037
2038
Upgrade PAK-PEN
circuits from 667 MVA to
985 MVA
2039
2040
2nd 220 kV ALB-PEN

cable, this one not
connected into HOB or
WRU GXP's
* Year in which development is required, e.g. 2013 = development required to be commissioned by winter (May)
of 2013
These four options were short-listed for further detailed analysis because they:
represent different strategic approaches which could potentially improve the supply
security to the NAaN area
are considered to provide similar benefits
Other transmission options that were studied during the preliminary phase, but not short
listed are discussed in the document Assessment of Options. These options are listed in
Table 1-2.
Table 1-2: Options Not Considered
Description
Type
Deep tunnel Hobson Street Albany
Transmission
Deep tunnel Penrose - Henderson
Transmission
Central corridor 110 kV to 220 kV line replacement
Transmission
Distributed generation
Supply side
Ripple Control
Demand side
Huntly Huapai cables via harbour
Transmission
Deep tunnel Hobson Street Henderson
Transmission
HVDC light from Penrose to Albany

(two terminal)
Transmission
HVDC light Pakuranga Penrose Albany (three terminal)
Transmission
Huntly Henderson overhead / underground
Transmission
Huntly to Huapai 220 kV double circuit overhead line
Transmission
Existing System
2.1
Transmission
The transmission system across Auckland supplying the North Auckland and Northland
(NAaN) area is composed of two branches:
1. A double circuit 220 kV line from Otahuhu to Henderson, with Southdown power
station connected into one of these circuits just north of Otahuhu.
2. Two 110 kV lines from Otahuhu to Mount Roskill (with one double-circuit line going
via Mangere) then to Hepburn Road and on to Henderson. This system is presently
split for operational reasons between Mount Roskill and Hepburn Road. The split is
due to be closed in 2008 following the installation of new secondary equipment.
Figure 2-1: Existing transmission System in the Auckland and Northland Region
10
Table 2-1 below gives the ratings of the existing circuits supplying the NAaN area,
including conductor ratings and limiting components. Refer to Appendix A for a full list of
circuit ratings in the NAaN area.
Table 2-1: Existing circuits supplying NAaN area
Circuit
HEN-HEP
Line
Conductor
V
(kV)
Conductor
Rating
(MVA)
Branch
Rating
(MVA)
Notes on limiting
component
HEN-ROS A
Simplex Wolf
o
75 C
110
92/101
92/101
HEN-OTA 1
HEN-OTA A
Duplex Zebra
o
120 C
220
938/985
915/915
Disconnector
HEN-SWN 1
HEN-OTA A
Duplex Zebra
o
120 C
220
938/985
915/915
Disconnector
HEP-ROS
1&2
HEN-ROS A
2 bonded Wolf
o
75 C
110
184/202
114/114
Disconnector at 114
MVA then single span
at 174/191 MVA
MNG-OTA
1&2
MNG-OTA A
Duplex Zebra
o
75 C
110
355/390
305/305
Disconnector
MNG-ROS
1&2
MNG-ROS A
Simplex Wolf
o
75 C
110
92/101
92/101
OTA-ROS
1&2
OTA-PEN B &
PEN-ROS A
Simplex Wolf
o
75 C
110
92/101
92/101
OTA-SWN 1
HEN-OTA A
Duplex Zebra
o
120 C
220
938/985
912/912
1 to 4
Transducer
The capacity of the transmission system into Northland is presently equal to the n-1
capacity of the 220 kV HEN-OTA line. This is a double-circuit line, each circuit being
duplex zebra conductor with a temperature rating of 120oC. The resulting n-1 rating is
938/985 MVA summer/winter.
11
Figure 2-2: Reduced network between Otahuhu and Henderson
Figure 2-2: shows the transmission system supplying the NAaN area.
Consent to operate the 220 kV HEN-OTA line at 120C during forced outages has been
attained, however this is subject to an appeal. The appeal is expected to be heard some
time in mid to late 2008, but until then Transpower are permitted to make use of the
consent that has been granted.
The split shown in the 110 kV system at Mount Roskill is to be normally closed by late
2008. Closing this split will increase the transfer limit to Northland. While there is very little
power flow from Mount Roskill to Hepburn when the system is operating normally, an
outage of one 220 kV Henderson-Otahuhu circuit does result in power flow north via the
110 kV system, reducing load on the remaining 220 kV circuit.
The balance of load flow between the 110 kV and 220 kV systems has a significant effect
on the transfer limit to the NAaN area. This is determined mainly by the impedance of the
circuits and interconnecting transformers at Otahuhu and Henderson, as well as loads on
the 110 kV system and in particular at Mount Roskill.
Under this configuration, n-1 transmission capacity into Northland is more difficult to
quantify, and is dependant on various factors including the load at Mount Roskill
substation. With the present load distribution, closing the 110 kV split adds the equivalent
of about four years average load growth capacity to the Northland transmission system, or
about 100 MVA. The Penrose 110 kV bus must be reinforced due to the recent load shift.
From Henderson, the region is supplied by parallel 220 and 110 kV systems as far north
as Marsden, and a 110 kV system north to Kaitaia. There are 220/110 kV
interconnections at Henderson, Albany and Marsden.
2.2
Voltage Support
Table 2-2 lists the existing and planned voltage support in the NAaN region. Dynamic
support at Marsden is contracted as an ancillary service by the System Operator to
maintain a specified voltage during outages and other times it may be required.
12
Table 2-2: Planned and Existing Voltage Support in the NAaN Region
Location
Size
Dynamic/St
atic
Notes
Kaikohe
20 Mvar
Existing
Albany
110 Mvar
Existing
Henderson
135 Mvar
Existing
Marsden
+60/-20 Mvar
Existing
Hepburn
2 x 50 Mvar
Existing
Albany
100 Mvar
Existing
Albany
+/- 100 Mvar
Due to be commissioned 2008
Kaitaia
24 Mvar
Committed Project
Henderson
+/- 100 Mvar
Seeking approval may not be at HEN
Assumptions and Methodology

The following assumptions are made in the technical analysis.
3.1
General Assumptions
Pakuranga substation will be entirely converted to 220 kV by 2011 and there will be two
220 kV OTA-PAK circuits (on the existing OTA-PAK A line). In addition, as part of this
conversion;
The 110 kV ARI-PAK 1 circuit will be decommissioned;
The 110 kV PAK-PEN 1 circuit will be decommissioned; and
110 kV OTA-PAK 1 & 7 circuits will be converted to 220 kV.
The BOB-GLN interconnection is built by 2015.
All system upgrades south of Otahuhu as defined in the North Island Grid Upgrade
Project (NI GUP) are common to all of the alternatives and will be modelled as occurring
in the year proposed by the NI GUP Amended Proposal, Option 2. A complete list of
common projects is provided in section 4.
All Upper North Island voltage support projects from Otahuhu south are assumed to be as
in the Amended NI GUP. For simplicity the analysis assumes the Otahuhu bus voltage
remains at 1.02 pu throughout the studies.
Voltage support in the NAaN area will include dynamic support at Henderson, Albany and
Marsden, and the 220 kV buses at these substations will be maintained at 1.02 pu
voltage.
3.2
Demand Forecast
The load forecast used is based on the EC prudent forecast August 2007, as adjusted by
Transpower for use in the 2008 Annual Planning Report.
The graph below shows the load forecast for the NAaN area as used for the technical
assessment. It has been assumed that this forecast takes distributed generation into
account. See the Appendix for a summary of Northland and Auckland forecast regional
load peaks.
13
Figure 3-1: EC Prudent Demand Forecast for Northland and North Auckland 2010-2040
2000
1750
MW
1500
1250
1000
750
500
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
Year
As the distribution of loads in the EC forecast does not exactly match the distribution of
loads that Transpower use in modelling the system, some rearrangement of loads was
required. This is detailed below.
The EC loads LST_110A and LST_110B were combined then split as follows:
52% to LST_110/ROS
24% to ROS_KING/1
24% to ROS_KING/2
The EC loads PEN_110A and PEN _110B were combined then split as follows:
56% to LST_110/PEN
22% to PEN_QUAY/1
22% to PEN_QUAY/2
PEN_33A
and
PEN_33B
are
regarded
as
PEN22
and
PEN33
respectively.
Total PEN110 load for this study is based on a diversity factor of 81% for loads supplied
from this GXP. This is the peak region diversity for these loads as in the draft peak
demand forecast used. The Penrose 110 kV load includes: Hobson St (LST/PEN),
Liverpool St (LST/ROS), Quay St (PEN/QUAY 1 + 2) and Freemans Bay (25% of
diversified ROS_KING total).
3.3
Generation
Ngawha is assumed to be generating at 10 MW out of a total capacity of 25 MW, and 8.7
Mvar voltage support controlling the Ngawha 33 kV bus voltage.
14
Southdown generating 170 MW with 4 machines, controlling the SWN 220 kV bus voltage
at 1.02 pu.
3.4
Component Ratings
a)
Percentage loading on transformers refers to the percentage of post-contingency

winter rating of the transformer, unless otherwise specified.
b)
Loading on circuits is a percentage of the winter conductor rating, unless

otherwise specified.
c)
For cables, all ratings are assumed to be winter peak capacity, based on typical
load profiles. No additional capacity has been assumed for short-term
contingencies.
d)
For high temperature conductors, the ratings were assumed to be equal to the
existing conductor operating at a temperature of 220oC. This approximates the
rating of a high temperature conductor that has physical dimensions similar to the
existing conductor.
N.B. See Table A-0-1 and Table B-0-1 for a list of line ratings and transformer ratings in
the Auckland area. See Table C-0-1 for a list of electrical parameters of the new
components used in these studies.
3.5
Description of Modelled New Circuits

PEN-HOB cable
10.21 km of 1600mm2 trefoil in air (tunnel)
HOB-WRU cable
1.39 km of 1600mm2 trefoil in air (bridge)
8.46 km of 2000mm2 trefoil in ducts
WRU-ALB cable
8.45 km of 2000mm2 trefoil in ducts (busway)
PEN-ROS cable
10.2 km of 2000mm2 trefoil in ducts
PAK-PEN cable
8.6 km of 2500mm2 direct buried (forced cooled for upgraded options)
Notes:
3.6
1.
The 220 kV cross-harbour cables are installed such that the winter cyclical rating
for the entire length is 630 MVA.
2.
See Table C-0-1 for electrical parameters of new components.
3.
The cross sectional areas and ratings provided above are minimums. Installed
cross sectional areas (and ratings) may differ from those provided following the
detailed design phase of the works.
Distribution System
15
Vectors distribution system in the Greater Auckland area is assumed to be configured as

follows:
Freemans Bay load is approximately 25% of the total Kingsland load, and as of 2007
is permanently transferred from Mount Roskill to Hobson Street.
Quay Street load will be transferred from Penrose to Hobson Street if and when a
new grid exit point (GXP) is built there
If no GXP is built at Hobson Street, Quay Street will be supplied via new 110 kV
cables out of Penrose.
The Mount Roskill-Liverpool Street cable will normally be in standby mode and not
supplying load. All Liverpool St load is transferred to PEN110 via the PEN-LST
cables.
Hobson Street will be supplied from Penrose until a new GXP is built at Hobson
Street.
If no GXP is built at Hobson Street, the Hobson Street load will continue to be
supplied via existing (and if necessary additional) 110 kV Penrose-Liverpool StreetHobson Street cables
Paralleling of the local lines companys network with Transpowers network will be
allowed until it causes overloading, at which time Vectors network will be split
If no new GXP is built at Wairau Road, Vector will reinforce the 110 kV supply from
Albany as necessary
Two new grid exit points (GXPs) are proposed as part of upgrade options 1, 3 & 4. These
are at Vectors existing zone substation sites of Hobson Street and Wairau Road. The
studies have assumed the following:
The first 220 kV cross-harbour cable will be diverted into each new GXP, giving n-1
security.
The Hobson Street GXP will include a single 250 MVA 220/110 kV transformer
initially, with a second added when required to maintain n-1 security of supply. This
generally occurs when the Lines Companys and Transpowers systems can no
longer be operated in parallel.
The Wairau Road GXP will include a single 250 MVA 220/33 kV transformer initially,
paralleled with existing supply transformers on the 33 kV side. When the load
exceeds the combined post-contingency rating of the three existing 110/33 kV supply
transformers, a second 220/33 kV transformer will be added, and 110/33 kV
transformers taken out of service.
Note: Specifications of the actual supply transformers installed will be decided in
discussion with the customer.
3.6.1
Configuration of 110 kV system into CBD

Vector presently supply their Liverpool Street 110kV CBD substation from both Penrose
(via two 110kV cables) and Mt Roskill (via a single 110kV cable). Due to Vector concerns
over security of sub transmission into the CBD, they have decided to reconfigure their
110kV sub transmission network so that Liverpool Street substation is supplied solely
from Penrose, i.e. the ROS 110kV cable will be out of service and all of the CBD 110kV
load will be supplied out of PEN.
The consequence of this is an overall increase of load on the Transpower 110kV bus at
Penrose (equating to about 90MW in 2007).
Penrose 110kV bus is supplied from:
T10 (220/110kV transformer)
110kV PAK PEN circuit
110kV OTA PEN circuit
16
Prior to Vectors shifting of load from ROS, PEN will be in need of reinforcement by 2013,
this is independent of the installation of the first cross harbour cable, which coincidentally
would also occur in 2013. Following the shifting of Vectors load from ROS, PEN would
require reinforcement in 2009 in order to meet increased demand. This reinforcement
would include a new 220/110kV transformer at Penrose.
This work can be deferred by switching the ROS cable back into service in 2009, thereby
reducing the 110kV load at PEN. Transpower however assume that the Liverpool Street
load is now permanently shifted to the PEN 110kV bus, and will not be shifted back in
order to manage load peaks at the Penrose 110 GXP.
3.7
Security Criteria
The analysis was carried out on the basis that committed generation from Ngawha is
unavailable. It should be noted that the amount of generation at Ngawha is relatively small
compared to the NAaN load, and that therefore this assumption does not have a material
impact on the results.
3.7.1
Contingencies
In addition to an outage of the Ngawha generation, the following contingencies were
considered to determine the development plans for all the options:
Loss of any single 220 kV or 110 kV transmission circuit from Otahuhu to Marsden;
Loss of one of Vectors 110 kV cable connections between Penrose and Liverpool
Street and Hobson Street
Loss of a 220/110 kV interconnecting transformer (from Otahuhu to Marsden).
3.7.2
Steady State Planning Criteria

The planning criteria used in the studies are as follows:
Transmission lines are limited to 100% of their respective winter or summer rating
with no short term overload capability
Cables are limited to 100% of their cyclic rating with no additional short term overload
capability
Existing transformers are limited to their winter or summer 24hr rating, assuming that
the transformers are cyclically loaded
New 220/110 kV 250 MVA interconnecting transformers are equivalent to the existing
Otahuhu T5 transformer, with the same overload ratio (1.27/1.33 summer/winter)
Loading was rounded to the nearest percentage point and anything loaded to 100%
or more was considered to be overloaded
3.8
Planning Horizon
The analysis extends out 32 years to 2040 as follows:
Every second year from 2008 to 2040
Other years where necessary to determine the accurate timing of the critical
investments
3.9
Methodology for Analysis

This is a steady-state analysis based on load flow calculations. All the plans developed
have assumed winter demand and winter component ratings. This is justified by the
significantly winter peaking nature of the NAaN area load (see Figure F-0-1), as well as
that of all the GXPs in the Auckland area, including Mangere, Pakuranga and Mount
Roskill. Penrose loads are less strongly winter peaking and are described in Appendix G
- Characteristic of Penrose Load.
17
Deterministic grid reliability criteria were assumed for planning the transmission grid. The
grid is planned to provide the supply reliability to the loads for an outage of one
transmission element together with an outage of a single generating unit in the NAaN
area (i.e. n-g-1). The transmission plans developed for all the options satisfy the
assumed grid reliability criteria.
Transmission development plans ensure that the system remains stable and the
transmission assets remain within their rated capacity for all credible contingencies.
Appropriate winter demand and circuit ratings were assumed in determining the loading of
the transmission circuits.
Note that summer loadings and ratings were also analysed in order to confirm whether the
binding constraints would occur in summer or winter. The analysis shows that even
though the ratings of circuits drop in the summer, the nature of the load (refer to
appendices F and G) is such that the winter situation remains the most onerous and
hence winter ratings and winter peak loads are those that are used in the subsequent
analysis.
3.9.1
Reactive Power Support

In planning the reactive power support requirements, outages of the critical transmission
components were modelled. Adequate reactive power support ensures that:
acceptable voltages (0.90 pu 1.1 pu) are maintained at all the 220 kV and 110 kV
buses, and
sufficient reactive reserves are maintained, pre-contingency, in the dynamic reactive
devices (generators, synchronous condensers and SVCs) so that post-contingency
switching of capacitors is not required
This analysis has not attempted to optimise the location or the quantity of reactive power
support. For the purpose of comparing the transmission options, all the dynamic reactive
support is assumed to be located at Henderson, Albany and Marsden. The voltage was
maintained at 1.02 pu at all buses that had dynamic support. Switched capacitors at
Kaitaia were modelled as an SVC with a 24 Mvar limit. Otahuhu voltage is assumed to
remain constant under all contingencies.
3.9.2
Dynamic Analysis
The proposed development plans provide adequate transmission capacity into the NAaN
area and maintain steady state voltages within the Electricity Governance Rule limits
following a contingency. The plans were developed using steady state analysis (power
flow and voltage stability) of the power system.
Transient performance of the connected generators and the loads (especially the motor
loads) could affect the stability of the power system following a transmission disturbance
and will require more detailed power system simulation.
Past studies2 indicate that additional investment in the form of dynamic reactive power
support (e.g. synchronous condensers or SVCs) may be required to ensure power system
stability. As the extra dynamic reactive support is mainly dependent on the characteristics
of the connected rotating plant, it is assumed that additional reactive power requirements
will be similar for all transmission alternatives.
NP306 Auckland Reactive Power Requirements by 2010, Transpower NZ Ltd, October 2005
18
Common Augmentations
A number of augmentations common to all of the development alternatives have been
drawn from the following sources:
North Island Grid Upgrade Project Amended Proposal October 2006
Annual Planning Report
4.1
North Island Grid Upgrade Project

The table below lists the common augmentations that are part of the North Island Grid
Upgrade project.
Table 4-1: Common Augmentations that are part of the North Island Grid Upgrade project
Year
Augmentation
2009
Decommission the 110 kV ARI-PAK line
2011
Build new 400 kV double circuit line (Triplex AAAC Sulphur conductor) from WKM to BHL, operated at
220 kV
Install two new 220 kV cables from BHL-PAK
Build a new cable transition station at BHL
Build a new 220 kV substation at PAK
Increase operating voltage of the OTA-PAK 1 & 2 circuits (OTA-PAK A transmission line) to 220 kV
2013
Re-conductor 110 kV ARI-HAM 1 & 2 circuits (ARI-HAM B double circuit line) with Nitrogen 75C
conductors.
2021
Install 55% compensation on WKM-BHL 1 and 2 circuits

Install 110 kV OTA-WIR cable
Build new switching station at BHL
st
Install 1 220 kV BHL-OTA cable

nd
2023
Install 2 220 kV BHL-OTA cable
2026
Re-conductor HAM-BOB 110 kV circuits to Nitrogen Conductors.
2027
Thermally upgrade the 220 kV HAM-HLY-1, HLE-WKM and HAM-WKM-1 circuits ( HLE-HAM-WKM
section of the OTA-WKM C double circuit line) to 2xGoat 80C
2028
Install 20 Ohm reactors on the OTA-WKM 1 & 2 circuits (OTA-WKM A&B lines)
2031
Install forced cooling on the 220 kV BHL-PAK cables
2033
Install forced cooling on the 220 kV BHL-OTA cables

Build new 400 kV substation at Whakamaru
Build new 400 kV substation at Ormiston Road
Increase operating voltage of the WKM-BHL circuits to 400 kV
Install six 400/220 kV, 600 MVA interconnecting transformers at BHL
Install six 400/220 kV, 600 MVA interconnecting transformers at WKM
Reduce series compensation on the 400 kV BHL-WKM circuits to 45%
2037
Install a 75 MVA Phase Shifting Transformer on the 110 kV ARI-BOB circuit
19
4.2
Other Projects
The table below lists the other common augmentations that are not part of the North
Island Grid Upgrade project.
Table 3-2: Common Augmentations that are not part of the North Island Grid Upgrade project
Year
Common Augmentation
2008
Upgrade the bus protection at Mount Roskill and close the 110kV split between Hepburn Road and
Mount Roskill substation.
By 2010
Thermal upgrade of 220 kV HLY-OTA-1 circuit (HLY-OTA section of OTA -WKM C double circuit line)
from 493/404 MVA to 670/614 MVA.
Thermal upgrade of 220 kV WRK-PPI-WKM-1 circuit (WRK- WKM B single circuit line) from 292/239
MVA to 448/421 MVA
Shift half of HAM 33 kV load to new substation at TWH on HLY-TMN 220 kV circuit.
Thermal upgrade of 220 kV BPE-HAY-1 circuit (BPE-HAY A single circuit line) from 247/202MVA to
335/307 MVA
Thermal upgrade of 220 kV BPE-HAY-2 circuit (BPE-HAY B single circuit line) from 247/202MVA to
335/307 MVA
Thermal upgrade of 220 kV TKU-WKM-1 circuit (TKU-WKM section of single circuit BPE- WKM A line)
from 281/244 MVA to 335/307 MVA
Thermal upgrade of 220 kV TKU-WKM-2 circuit (TKU-WKM section of single circuit BPE- WKM B line)
from 281/244 MVA to 335/307 MVA
Thermal upgrade of 220 kV RPO- WRK-1 circuit (RPO- WRK section of BPE-WRK A single circuit line)
from 292/239 MVA to 370/333 MVA
Thermal upgrade of 220 kV BPE-TKU-1 circuit (BPE-TKU section of BPE- WKM A single circuit line)
from 246/202 MVA to 335/307 MVA
Thermal upgrade of 220 kV BPE-TKU-2 circuit (BPE-TKU section of BPE- WKM B single circuit line)
from 246/202 MVA to 335/307 MVA
Thermal upgrade of 220 kV OTA-WKM-1 circuit (OTA-WKM A single circuit line) from 246/202 MVA to
323/293 MVA
Thermal upgrade of 220 kV OTA-WKM-2 circuit (OTA-WKM B single circuit line) from 246/202 MVA to
323/293 MVA
Bus the 220 kV HAM-HLY-1, HLY-OTA-1 and OTA-WKM-3 circuits (OTA -WKM C double circuit line) at
HLE in a breaker-and-a-half configuration
Install second Wilton 100 MVA, 220/110 kV Interconnecting transformer
Shift 40% of Load from HIN to ARI (to compensate for new GXP at Putaruru)
Install new +/- 100 Mvar SVC at ALB
Install new 24 Mvar Capacitors at KTAInstall new +/- 100 Mvar SVC at ALB
Install new 25 Mvar Capacitors at TGA
Reconductor the 220 kV BPE-TKU-1 circuit (BPE-TKU section of BPE- WKM A single circuit line)Install
new 24 Mvar Capacitors at KTA
Reconductor the 220 kV BPE-TKU-2 circuit (BPE-TKU section of BPE- WKM B single circuit line)Install
new 25 Mvar Capacitors at TGA
20
Year
Common Augmentation
Reconductor the 220 kV TKU-WKM-1 circuit (TKU-WKM section of single circuit BPE- WKM A
line)Reconductor the 220 kV BPE-TKU-1 circuit (BPE-TKU section of BPE- WKM A single circuit line)
Reconductor the 220 kV TKU-WKM-2 circuit (TKU-WKM section of single circuit BPE- WKM B
line)Reconductor the 220 kV BPE-TKU-2 circuit (BPE-TKU section of BPE- WKM B single circuit line)
2011
Thermal upgrade of 220 kV BPE-TNG-1 and RPO-TNG-1 circuits (BPE-TNG-RPO section of the BPEWRK A single circuit line)Reconductor the 220 kV TKU-WKM-1 circuit (TKU-WKM section of single
circuit BPE- WKM A line)
Reconductor the 220 kV OHK-WRK-1, ATI-OHK-1 and ATI-WKM-1 circuits (WRK-WKM A single circuit
line)Reconductor the 220 kV TKU-WKM-2 circuit (TKU-WKM section of single circuit BPE- WKM B line)
Install two new 220/110kV interconnecting transformers at HHI and operate the HHI-TGA-1 circuit at
220kV.Thermal upgrade of 220 kV BPE-TNG-1 and RPO-TNG-1 circuits (BPE-TNG-RPO section of
the BPE-WRK A single circuit line)
Build a third 110kV HAM-WHU CircuitReconductor the 220 kV OHK-WRK-1, ATI-OHK-1 and ATIWKM-1 circuits (WRK-WKM A single circuit line)
Bus the 220 kV HLY-SFD-1 circuit at TMNInstall two new 220/110kV interconnecting transformers at
HHI and operate the HHI-TGA-1 circuit at 220kV.
Add BOB Tee (59% from HLY) to 220 kV GLN-HLY circuit and feed BOB via a new 200 MVA, 220/110
2
kV interconnecting transformer Build a third 110kV HAM-WHU Circuit
Install a third 200 MVA, 220/110 kV interconnecting transformer ,at TRKBus the 220 kV HLY-SFD-1
circuit at TMN
2014
Reconductor the WRK-PPI-WKM-1 circuit (WRK- WKM B single circuit line)Add BOB Tee (59% from
HLY) to 220 kV GLN-HLY circuit and feed BOB via a new 200 MVA, 220/110 kV interconnecting
2
transformer
2015
Install a third 200 MVA, 220/110 kV interconnecting transformer ,at TRK

Reconductor the WRK-PPI-WKM-1 circuit (WRK- WKM B single circuit line)
The development plan for the common reactive support requirements is shown in Table
4-3. Reactive support specific to each alternative project is provided in section 5.
4.3
Voltage Support Plan

Table 4-3: Voltage Support Common to all Options
YEAR
Location
Quantity
(Mvar)
Static(S) /
Dynamic(D)
2008
ALB
100
2008
ALB
100
2008
KTA
24
2009
HEN
100
2009
MDN
60
2024
KTA
24
2024
MPE
30
2025
WKO
30
2030
MPE
30
2033
WKO
30
21
2036
MPE
30
2039
HAM
50
2039
HAIRINI
100
For the purposes of these studies, reactive support at

Otahuhu was modelled as a single large SVC of a magnitude
no greater than that modelled in the NIGU project.
4.4
Penrose 110 kV Reinforcement

The Liverpool Street load has a forecast 2008 peak of approximately 100 MW. In mid2007, Vector shifted this load from the Mount Roskill GXP to the Penrose GXP, supplied
via the 110 kV PEN-LST cables. Vector now maintain the Mount Roskill-Liverpool Street
cable on standby, and will not use this cable to supply load under normal circumstances.
This load shift has an effect on the load flows into the NAaN area, as it removes load from
the Mount Roskill GXP, allowing greater capacity for supplying Northland via the 110 kV
system. At the same time, the increased load on Penrose and in particular the PEN 110
kV bus, means that the need for reinforcement of this bus is brought forward.
The Penrose and Pakuranga 110 kV loads are supplied from three points;
The Penrose interconnection (PEN T10)
The Otahuhu interconnection (OTA T2 & T4)
The 110 kV ARI-PAK 1 circuit
There is also a 110 kV connection to Bombay but there is virtually no load flow north on
this circuit.
In 2009, the ARI-PAK 1 circuit is scheduled to be decommissioned as part of the North
Island Grid Upgrade project, leaving the Otahuhu and Penrose interconnecting
transformers to supply the Pakuranga and Penrose 110 kV load. By 2009 these
interconnecting transformers will not be able to provide sufficient n-1 capacity.
In 2011, the Pakuranga substation will be converted to 220 kV as part of the North Island
Grid Upgrade project. This will reduce the 110 kV load in the area (because the PAK
110 kV load is transferred to 220 kV system), but it will also reduce the security of supply
into the Penrose 110 kV bus with the removal of the 110 kV PAK-PEN circuit.
Therefore the two issues are:
Not enough n-1 capacity supplying PAK and PEN 110 kV loads from 2009 to 2011
A loss of n-1 security into PEN110 from 2011
A number of options were investigated to resolve these issues, including
Install another interconnecting transformer at Penrose or Otahuhu
Parallel Vectors 110 kV network with Transpowers between Penrose and Mount
Roskill (this will move some of the 110 kV load back to Mt Roskill)
Retain one 110 kV PAK-PEN circuit and either install an interconnecting transformer
at Pakuranga or retain one 110 kV OTA-PAK circuit
The Penrose interconnection option works well if the impedance is chosen to balance flow
between the 220 kV and 110 kV OTA-PEN circuits. This will mean that no additional
reinforcement will be required prior to the installation of the cross harbour cable until
2016.
22
The option to parallel the Vector network would require two reactors on the 110 kV cables
(approximately 20 Ohm each), which would be redundant once the cross-harbour cable
was installed. It would also mean that the Vector assets become part of the transmission
network and would require monitoring and control capability for the System Operator.
The option to retain the 110 kV PAK-PEN circuit would require additional interconnecting
capacity at Otahuhu initially. Then when Pakuranga is converted to 220 kV, either this
interconnector is transferred to Pakuranga or alternatively, one of the existing overhead
OTA-PAK circuits can be operated at 220 kV with the other retained at 110 kV. The
110 kV PAK-PEN 1 circuit would be retained, and Penrose 110 kV bus would effectively
have another circuit connection to Otahuhu via Pakuranga.
The preferred option is to install a second interconnecting transformer at Penrose, parallel
to the existing PEN T10. This is a low cost option that allows the PAK-PEN 1 circuit to be
removed and means that two OTA-PAK circuits are available for the 220 kV connection. A
suitable Penrose interconnecting transformer would be a 15% impedance, 250 MVA unit.
23
Project Alternatives
Four alternatives have been studied to provide comparisons on cost, effectiveness, build
ability and operability.
Alternatives considered are as follows:
1.
Installing a single 220 kV cross-harbour cable from Penrose to Albany, followed

by a second parallel cable as load growth makes this necessary. 220 kV
Pakuranga-Penrose circuits are also installed one at a time as necessary to
reinforce Penrose.
2.
Upgrading the existing 220 kV overhead double-circuit line from Otahuhu to

Henderson, including replacing existing conductor with high-temperature
conductor (HTC), and upgrading the existing 110 kV transmission system with
HTC as required. Assume no new lines are built until all HTC upgrade options
have been exhausted.
3.
Reinforcing the 110 kV system across Auckland prior to installing the crossharbour cable. This involves adding an interconnection at Mount Roskill, supplied
at 220 kV from Penrose.
4.
New generation in the North Isthmus area, connected into the 220 kV HPI-MDN
circuit.
The tables below show the system limitations and recommended augmentations based
on forecast load growth. The Year column gives the year at which the limitation will first
occur. Therefore to avoid the limitation the recommended augmentation would need to be
complete before the winter peak of that year
24
5.1
Option 1 Cross Harbour Cables

This involves Installing a single 220 kV cross-harbour cable from Penrose to Albany,
followed by a second parallel cable as load growth makes this necessary. 220 kV
Pakuranga-Penrose circuits are also installed one at a time as necessary to reinforce
Penrose.
5.1.1
Development Plan
Table 5-1: Option 1 - Cross-harbour cable development plan
Year
NAaN load
Limitation
Augmentation
2009
910 MW
OTA T2 & T4 and PEN T10 do

not provide n-1 security to 110
kV loads they supply
Install a 2 250 MVA 15%

interconnecting
transformer at PEN
2013
1025 MW
OTA-PEN 5 102% with OTAPEN 6 out of service
Special protection scheme;

take PEN T10 out of service
when either 220 kV OTAPEN cct trips
2016
1097 MW
OTA-PEN 5 101% with OTAPEN 6 out of service, with PEN

T10 switched out
Install one 220 kV

PAK-PEN cct
HEN-SWN 1 101% with HENOTA 1 out of service
Install one 220 kV cable

PEN-HOB-WRU-ALB plus
HOB and WRU GXPs
LST-HOB 1(2) o/l with LSTHOB 2(1) out of service
Special protection scheme; if

one cable trips, its parallel
circuit is taken out of service.
nd
LST-PEN 1(2) o/l with LST-PEN

2(1) out of service
2020
1191 MW
OTA-PEN 2 102% with PEN

T10 out of service

Intertrip OTA-PEN 2 with
PEN T10, leaving PEN T12
to take the load
2023
1256 MW
LST-PEN 1 & 2 100% with

HOB-PEN 1 out of service
Split Vector network between

HOB and LST.
HOB has no n-1 security with

the HOB-LST split
Install a second
interconnecting
transformer at HOB.
nd
Assume 2 WRU 220/33 kV
supply Tx is installed and
110 kV supply taken out of
service
2024
1279 MW
Notes
WRU load approximately equal

to total 110 kV supply capacity
Leaving the new PEN

interconnecting
transformer in service
delays the need to
split Vectors
HOB-LST connection
and therefore delays
the second
interconnecting
transformer at HOB
from 2021to 2023
Due to new
interconnecting
transformer at HOB
being operated in
parallel with the LSTPEN 110 kV cables:
One PEN
interconnecting
transformer may be
removed (or the
OTA-PEN 2 cct may
be removed)
Later than in original

GUP due to the new
assumption that
James St Load
(about 33 MW)
remains shifted to
ALB 33.
25
2026
1323 MW

OTA-PEN 6 100% with PAKPEN 1 out of service
2028
1366 MW
HEN-HEP 1-4 100% with OTA

T3 or T5 out of service
Reduce impedance of PENHOB cable reactor to 12.4

Ohms
Install second PAK-PEN
cable
Brought forward by
reduction in PENHOB reactor and
consequent increase
in power flow north
out of PEN
Install one PEN-ROS 220 kV

feeder and 220/110 250 MVA
15% interconnecting
transformer at ROS
HEN T1 102% with HEN T5 out

of service
Two of HEN-SWN 1,
HEN-OTA 1 & HOB-PEN 1
95% loaded with any one out of
service
PAK-PEN 1 100% with PAKPEN 2 out of service
Install reactors in
PAK-PEN cables to balance
load flow between these and
OTA-PEN 5 & 6 o/h circuits
1.2 Ohm reactance is

about right
May change as the

existing MDN
transformers may be
replaced in the near
future
2031
1435 MW
MDN T1 101% with T2 out of

service
Install a 3rd
interconnecting
transformer at Marsden
equivalent to the existing
T1 & T2
2036
1554 MW
Install 2 cross-harbour
cable direct from Penrose
to Albany
nd
HOB-PEN 1 99% with HENSWN out of service
2038
1605 MW

2040
1656 MW
HEN-HEP 1-4 highly loaded

with PEN-ROS 1 out of service
Increase rating of these

circuits by adding forced
cooling
Bypass PAK-PEN circuit
reactors to reduce load on
OTA-PEN 5 & 6
An upgrade of these
circuits (presently 75
wolf) or a second
PEN-ROS circuit will
be required within 2
3 years
*Note: Upgrading PAK-PEN 1 & 2 in 2038 will involve cooling stations for the cable cooling system.
5.1.2
Reactive Plan
The reactive plan includes the common support shown in Table 4-3 as well as that listed
in the table below:
Table 5-2: Option 1 Voltage Support Plan
YEAR
Location
Quantity
(Mvar)
Static(S) /
Dynamic(D)
26
5.1.3
2022
HEN
50
2028
ALB
100
2034
HEN
50
Single Line Diagram

Figure 5-1: Option 1 - Development Plan Single Line Diagram
27
5.2
Option 2 High Temperature Conductor

This option involves upgrading the existing 220 kV overhead double-circuit line from
Otahuhu to Henderson, including replacing existing conductor with high-temperature
conductor (HTC), and upgrading the existing 110 kV transmission system with HTC as
required. Assume no new lines are built until all HTC upgrade options have been
exhausted.
5.2.1
Development Plan
Table 5-3: High Temperature conductor development plan
Year
NAaN load
Limitation
2009
910 MW
OTA T2 & T4 & PEN T10 do


interconnecting
transformer at PEN
2013
1025 MW

when either 220 kV OTAPEN circuit trips
2016
1097 MW
OTA-PEN 5 101% with OTAPEN 6 out of service, after

PEN T10 is switched out
Install one 220 kV

PAK-PEN circuit
2018
1144 MW
HEN T1 100% with HEN T5

out of service
2020
1191 MW
ALB-HEN 1 & 2 102% with

ALB T4 out of service
2021
1213 MW
MNG-ROS 1&2 101% with

HEN-SWN 1 out of service
ALB-HEN 3 100% with HENHPI 1 out of service
2024
1279 MW
OTA T5 101% with T3 out of

service
HEN-WEL 1 & 2 101% with

HPI-MDN 1 out of service
Augmentation
Notes
nd
High temperature
conductor on HEN-OTA
circuits
Replace HEN transformers
with two 250 MVA 7%
interconnecting
transformers
Install a second
interconnecting
transformer at ALB equal
to existing
Upgrade MNG-ROS circuits
to high temperature
conductor
Upgrade terminal spans to
duplex zebra conductor
Install a third
interconnecting transformer
at OTA in parallel with and
equivalent to T5
Thermal upgrade of HEN-WEL
o
1 & 2 from 50 C Coyote to
o
75 C coyote
OTA-ROS 1 & 2 108% with

HEN-OTA 1 out of service
High temperature
conductor on OTA-ROS
circuits
2025
1301 MW

T10 out of service
Special protection scheme:

Trip OTA-PEN 2 with PEN
T10
2028
1366 MW
MNG-OTA 1 100% with MNGOTA 2 out of service
High temperature
conductor on the
MNG-OTA 1 & 2 circuits
2029
1388 MW
HEN-HPI 1 100% with ALB-
Upgrade HEN-HPI 1 to
Brought forward by
the lower impedance
rd
at OTA due to 3
interconnecting
transformer
28
2030
1411 MW
HEN 3 out of service
high temperature
conductor

service
Install a 3rd
interconnecting
transformer at Marsden
equivalent to the existing
Assume by now PEN T10 has
been replaced due to condition
with 15% 250 MVA
interconnecting transformer.
Install reactor on OTA-PEN 2
to balance load flow into
PEN110
Pen T10 is 1972,

nearly 60 yrs old by
this time. If this is not
the case, increase
T10 impedance with
a reactor
ALB-HEN 3 100% with HENHPI 1 out of service
High temperature
conductor on ALB-HEN 3
Likely do this at same

time as HEN-HPI 1
OTA T4 101% with T2 out of

service
Special protection scheme

trip T2 & T4 together. PEN
interconnecting transformers
take the load
PEN T12 100% with PEN T10

& OTA-PEN 2 out of service
(Special protection scheme)
2032
2036
1458 MW
1554 MW
ALB-HEN 1&2 100% with HENHPI 1 out of service

PAK-PEN 1 overloads for
various outages due to
installation of new PEN-ROS
circuit
2039
1631 MW
2040
Install 10 Ohm reactors in

ALB-HEN 1&2 circuits
nd
Install 2
circuit
220 kV PAK-PEN
HEP-ROS 1&2 overload with

HEN-SWN 1 out of service
due to new PEN-ROS circuit
Upgrade HEP-ROS circuits

to high temperature
conductor
HEN-WEL 1&2 100% with

HPI-MDN 1 out of service
High temperature
conductors on HEN-WEL 1
&2
ALB-HPI 1 101% with ALBHEN 3 out of service
Upgrade ALB-HPI 1 to high

temperature conductor
HEN-OTA 1 96% with HENSWN 1 out of service
5.2.2
Install PEN-ROS cable and

250 MVA interconnecting
transformer at ROS
Likely done at same

time as HEN-HPI 1
First ALB-PEN cable

will be required within
about 2 years
Reactive Plan
The reactive plan includes the common reactive plant shown in table 4-3 well as the
reactive plant support listed in the table below.
YEAR
Location
Quantity
(Mvar)
Static(S) /
Dynamic(D)
2016
ALB
50
2016
HEN
100
2024
ALB
50
2026
HEN
100
2030
ALB
50
2038
ALB
50
29
5.2.3
Single Line diagram

Figure 5-2: Option 2 Development Plan Single Line Diagram
30
5.3
Option 3 New interconnection at Roskill

This option involves reinforcing the 110 kV system across Auckland prior to installing the
cross-harbour cable. This involves adding an interconnection at Mount Roskill, supplied at
220 kV from Penrose.
5.3.1
Development Plan
Table 5-5: New Interconnection at Roskill
Year
NAaN load
2009
910 MW
Limitation
OTA-PEN 5 (6) exceeds
branch capacity when cct 6 (5)
is out of service
Augmentation
Remove branch restriction
nd

interconnecting
transformer at PEN
2013
1025 MW

2016
1097 MW
OTA-PEN 5 101% with OTAPEN 6 out of service, with

PEN T10 switched out
Install one 220 kV PAKPEN cable
Notes
Install PEN-ROS cable and

250 MVA interconnecting
transformer at ROS
nd
2020
1191 MW

ALB T4 out of service
Install 2 interconnecting
transformer at ALB,
equivalent to ALB T4
2022
1234 MW

HEP-ROS 2 101% with HENOTA 1 out of service
transformer at ROS
Upgrade a single span to
get the full capacity of the
existing HEP-ROS 1&2
circuits (184/202 MVA)
2023
1256 MW
PAK-PEN 1 101% with OTAPEN 6 out of service
Install a series reactor (1.2

Ohm) in this circuit to
balance flow between this
and OTA-PEN 5&6
2024
1279 MW
HEP-ROS 2 102% with HENSWN 1 out of service
Upgrade HEP-ROS 1 & 2

o
o
from 75 C wolf to 90 C wolf
2026
1323 MW
Install first PEN-HOBWRU-ALB cable and HOB

and WRU GXPs
Vectors WRU load exceeds

the capacity of their 110 kV
supply system
Install 2 supply
transformer at WRU
OTA-PEN 5 & 6 overload with

PAK-PEN 1 out of service
Install a second 220 kV

PAK-PEN cable (including
a series reactor)
nd
nd
Balancing the power

flow delays the cable
installation work for
~3 yrs, until the cross
harbour cable is
installed
This delays need for
cross-harbour by
about 2 years
Assuming that the

reinforcement that
Vector do in 2010 is
removed to allow for
installation of the
220 kV ALB-WRU
cable
31
OTA-PEN 2 o/l with PEN T10

out of service

to take OTA-PEN 2 out of
service when PEN T10 trips
2028
1366 MW
OTA T4 102% with OTA T1

out of service

inter-trip OTA T4 with OTA T2
2031
1435 MW

service
Install a third
interconnecting
transformer at MDN
equivalent to existing
2032
1458 MW

T12 out of service
Install a series reactor (10

Ohms) on OTA-PEN 2 to
balance flow between this
circuit and the two
interconnecting
transformers.
2036
1554 MW
Vector lose n-1 security on

their PEN-LST cables about
this time
Assume 2 HOB
interconnecting
transformer is installed at
this time, and LST-HOB
cables and PEN-QUAY
cable are normally open
2040
1656 MW
Upgrade these cables to

force-cooled, increasing
capacity from 660 MVA to
1100 MVA
HEN-OTA 1 100% with HENSWN 1 out of service
Install the second cross

harbour cable, ALB-PEN
HEN-WEL 1 & 2 100% with

HPI-MDN out of service
Reconductor these circuits
PEN interconnecting
transformers take the
load
If T10 hasnt been

replaced by this time,
increase its
impedance using a
series reactor (5
Ohms). PEN T10 is
circa 1972
nd
Bypass series
reactors to reduce
load on OTA-PEN 5
& 6 circuits
*Note: Upgrading PAK-PEN 1 & 2 will involve cooling stations for the cable cooling system.
5.3.2
Reactive Plan
The reactive plan includes the common reactive plant shown table 4-3 as well as the
reactive plant listed in the table below
YEAR
Location
Quantity
(Mvar)
Static(S) /
Dynamic(D)
2016
ALB
50
2018
HEN
50
2028
HEN
50
32
5.3.3
Single Line Diagram

Figure 5-3: Option 3 Development Plan
33
5.4
Option 4 New generation north of Auckland

This option involves installation of new generation in the North Isthmus area, connected
into the 220 kV HPI-MDN circuit.
This development plan is provided for information only.
5.4.1
Development Plan
Table 5-7: New generation north of Auckland
Year
NAaN load
2009
910 MW
Limitation
OTA-PEN 5 (6) exceeds
branch capacity when cct 6
(5) is out of service
Augmentation
Remove branch restriction
nd

interconnecting
transformer at PEN
2013
1025 MW

2016
1097 MW
OTA-PEN 5 101% with OTAPEN 6 out of service, with

PEN T10 switched out
Install one 220 kV PAKPEN cable
Install 120 MW generation

at Rodney connected to
the HPI-MDN 1 circuit
2018
1144 MW
HEN T1 102% with T5 out of

service
Replace HEN T1 & T5 with

two 250 MVA 7%
interconnecting
transformers
2019
1167 MW

ALB T4 OOS
Install a second ICT at ALB

equivalent to ALB T4
2020
1191 MW
Install one ROS

interconnecting
transformer with a single
220 kV cable feeder from
PEN
2025
1301 MW

T10 out of service
Install a 9 Ohm series

reactor in OTA-PEN 2 cct to
balance power flow with PEN
interconnecting transformers
2026
1323 MW
Install a second 220 kV

PAK-PEN cable
2028
1366 MW
HEN-OTA 101% with HENSWN out of service
Increase ROD generation

from 120 MW to 240 MW
2030
1411 MW

service
Install a third
interconnecting
transformer at MDN
equivalent to existing
2032
1458 MW
Install a second
interconnecting
transformer at ROS
Upgrade HEP-ROS 1 & 2 to
HEP-ROS 1 o/l with HEN-
Notes
Not required in other

options where the
new WRU GXP takes
load from ALB 110
nd
A 2 interconnecting
transformer at ROS
would overload
HEP-ROS
Brought forward by
34
SWN 1 out of service
2036
1554 MW
HEN-OTA 1 101% with HENSWN 1 out of service and vice

versa
Vector lose n-1 security on
their PEN-LST cables about
this time
90 C wolf
Install series reactors on

PAK-PEN 1 & 2
Install the first cross
harbour cable PEN-HOBWRU-ALBN, and HOB and
WRU GXPs
nd
Assume 2 HOB
interconnecting
transformer is installed at
this time, and LST-HOB
cables and PEN-QUAY cable
are normally open
nd
Vectors WRU load exceeds

the capacity of their 110 kV
supply system
2040
5.4.2
1656 MW
the installation of a
second
interconnecting
transformer at ROS
transformer at WRU
Assuming that three

200 MVA cables
supply the CBD from
PEN (a new PENQUAY is installed by
Vector around 2013)
Assuming that the
reinforcement that
Vector do in 2010 is
removed to allow for
installation of the
220 kV ALB-WRU
cable
OK
Reactive Plan
The reactive plan includes the common reactive plant shown table 4-3 as well as the
reactive plant listed in the table below.
5.4.3
YEAR
Location
Quantity
(Mvar)
Static(S) /
Dynamic(D)
2016
ALB
50
2022
HEN
50
2024
ALB
50
2038
HEN
50
Single Line Diagram
35
Figure 5-4: Option 4 - Single Line Diagram
36
Discussion on Reactive Plans

The reactive power losses in the power system increase quadratically as the loading in
the transmission circuits are increased. The reactive power losses in the transmission
circuits are supplied from the two ends of each transmission circuit. Generally a higher
amount of reactive power needs to be supplied from the receiving end compared to the
sending end.
For the cross-Auckland transmission, the sending end reactive power requirements are
supplied from the reactive support at Otahuhu. The reactive power available from
Otahuhu based on the NI GUP reactive plan Option 2 is sufficient to provide this reactive
requirement. Additionally, planned and committed reactive power support in the NAaN
area will be sufficient to meet the reactive power losses in the transmission system until
at least 2010.
6.1
Static Reactive Requirements

For each modelled option, sufficient reactive power was supplied at the Henderson,
Albany and Marsden 220 kV buses to maintain 1.02 pu voltage at these buses at peak
load times and with normal operating configuration. The additional static reactive support
required in the NAaN area for the four transmission options is shown in Figure 6-1.
Figure 6-1: Reactive Support Requirement in NAaN Area
900
800
700
600
Option 1
Option 2
MVAR
500
Option 3
Option 4
400
300
200
100
0
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
Year
6.2
Dynamic Reactive Requirements

The reactive power loss in the transmission system north of Otahuhu may undergo a
significant step change following an outage of a transmission circuit. In a voltage stability
constrained system such as the power system supplying the NAaN region, it is not
prudent to rely on post-contingency switching of the capacitor banks for ensuring system
stability. It is considered good industry practice to carry sufficient dynamic reserves in the
system, pre-contingency, to cater for such events. The dynamic reactive power reserves
37
can be maintained in the form of reactive power from synchronous generators,

synchronous condensers, SVCs and thyristor switched capacitors.
In analysing the dynamic reactive power reserves required in NAaN region for power
transmission north from Otahuhu, the total reactive power supplied to the transmission
system from Henderson, Albany and Marsden under the worst contingency is assessed
both pre and post-contingency. The reactive power difference between the pre and postcontingency situation represents the minimum level of dynamic reactive reserves required
at these substations.
By 2010, it is likely that the dynamic reactive support in the Northland area will be
supplied from three sources; synchronous condensers at Marsden and Henderson (1 x 60
Mvar and 2 x 50 Mvar respectively) and an SVC at Albany (100 Mvar). The dynamic
reactive power requirements for Option 1, 2, 3 and 4 are shown in Figure 6-2, Figure 6-3,
Figure 6-4 and Figure 6-5.
Figure 6-2: Dynamic reactive requirement for Northland for Option 1
120
100
MVAr
80
MDN dynamic
ALB dynamic
HEN dynamic
60
40
20
0
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
Year
38

120
100
MVAr
80
MDN dynamic
ALB dynamic
HEN dynamic
60
40
20
0
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
Year

120
100
80
MVAr
MDN dynamic
ALB dynamic
60
HEN dynamic
40
20
0
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
Year
39

120
100
MVAr
80
MDN dynamic
ALB dynamic
60
HEN dynamic
40
20
0
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
Year
The graphs for each option indicate that the existing dynamic support (at Marsden) plus
that already committed (Albany SVC) and under consideration (Henderson condensers) in
the NAaN region will be sufficient to maintain a stable power system following the worst
likely single transmission contingency.
40
Summary
The existing transfer limit into the NAaN area is limited by the capacity of the 220 kV HEN
OTA circuits. This limit will be reached by winter 2011. One interim measure planned to
increase this transfer limit is closing the 110 kV HEP-ROS split.
Under present load growth forecasts and with existing interconnecting transformers in
service, the power flow will be well balanced between the 220 and 110 kV systems when
the HEP ROS split is closed. This allows the best possible load transfer given the circuit
ratings. Where interconnecting transformers are added in the reinforcement plans, 15%
impedance is preferred as the standard value except where a variation is required to
achieve a higher n-1 transfer limit, or where the new transformer has to match an existing
transformer.
To increase the transfer limit into the NAaN area further, four transmission options have
been developed and analysed. Each option takes a different approach to supplying the
increasing NAaN area load for the next thirty years. The four options are:
1.
A new 220 kV cable circuit across Auckland from Penrose to Albany
2.
Replacing existing 220 & 110 kV conductors with High Temperature Conductors
3.
Additional 220/110 kV interconnection to increase transmission across the

existing 110 kV transmission system
4.
New generation in the NAaN area used to delay new transmission options
A new 220 kV cable circuit is required to be built by winter 2016 in option 1. The new
transmission system reaches its capacity by 2028 when the 110 kV system needs to be
reinforced, and then in 2036 the transmission capacity needs to be further augmented by
adding a second 220 kV cable.
Option 2 minimises the number of new lines required to be built. Existing circuits are
upgraded using high temperature conductor; the first upgrade being required by 2016.
The entire 110 and 220 kV systems from Otahuhu to Henderson must be upgraded as the
load increases, beginning with the 110 kV MNG-ROS and 220 kV HEN-OTA circuits.
Eventually in 2036 an interconnection is required at Mount Roskill to prevent the
upgraded lines from overloading.
This option has the highest reactive support requirement of all those studied, being about
double that of the other options. By the end of the study period this option has about
800 Mvar of support in the NAaN region, compared to about 400 Mvar for the other
options.
Option 4 assumes that new generation is installed north of Auckland, reducing the load on
the cross-Auckland transmission system. This generation does not remove the
overloading on the 110 kV system, which is relieved by an interconnector at Mount Roskill
in 2017. Assuming a maximum of 240 MW of new generation in the Rodney area, the first
220 kV cable is required in 2033.
Reinforcement of the 110 kV system in preference to the 220 kV system is examined in
Option 3, where the Mount Roskill interconnection is installed in 2016 when the system
reaches its limit. This delays the reinforcement of the 220 kV system until 2025, when the
first
cross-harbour
cable
is
installed
between
Penrose
and
Albany.
41
Appendix A Existing Circuit Ratings

Table A-0-1: Existing Circuits in Upper North Island south of Albany
Circuit
Asset
Conductor
Conductor
Rating
(MVA)
Branch
Rating
(MVA)
ALB-HEN 1
ALB-HEN A
Simplex Wolf 80 C
ALB-HEN 2
ALB-HEN A
Simplex Wolf 80 C
ALB-HEN 3
ALB-HPI A &
HEN-MDN A
Duplex Zebra 71 C
HEN-HEP 1
HEN-ROS A
Simplex Wolf 75 C
96/105
96/105
96/105
96/105
680/756
561/617
92/101
92/101
92/101
92/101
92/101
92/101
92/101
92/101
938/985
915/915
Disconnector
938/985
915/915
Disconnector
184/202
114/114
Disconnector at 114
at 174/191 MVA
184/202
114/114
Disconnector at 114
at 174/191 MVA
355/390
305/305
Disconnector
355/390
305/305
Disconnector
92/101
92/101
HEN-HEP 2
HEN-ROS A
Simplex Wolf 75 C
HEN-HEP 3
HEN-HEP A
Simplex Wolf 75 C
HEN-HEP 4
HEN-HEP A
Simplex Wolf 75 C
HEN-OTA 1
HEN-OTA A
Duplex Zebra 120 C
HEN-SWN 1
HEN-OTA A
Duplex Zebra 120 C
HEP-ROS 1
HEN-ROS A
2 bonded Wolf 75 C
HEP-ROS 2
HEP-ROS A
2 bonded Wolf 75 C
MNG-OTA 1
MNG-OTA A
Duplex Zebra 75 C
MNG-OTA 2
MNG-OTA A
Duplex Zebra 75 C
MNG-ROS 1
MNG-ROS A
Simplex Wolf 75 C
MNG-ROS 2
MNG-ROS A
Simplex Wolf 75 C
Notes
200m simplex chukar
92/101
92/101
561/617
235/235
Earth fault relay
OTA-PAK 1
OTA-PAK A
Duplex Chukar 75 C
OTA-PEN 2
OTA-PEN A &
OTA-PEN B
2 bonded Wolf 75 C
184/202
174/191
Connecting spans of
simplex zebra
OTA-PEN 5&6
OTA-PEN C
Simplex Zebra 120 C
469/492
455/455
Transducer limit
OTA-PEN 7
OTA-PAK A
Duplex Chukar 75 C
561/617
Inactive
92/101
92/101
92/101
92/101
938/985
912/912
114/140
114/140
OTA-ROS 1
OTA-PEN B &
PEN-ROS A
Simplex Wolf 75 C
OTA-ROS 2
OTA-PEN B &
PEN-ROS A
Simplex Wolf 75 C
OTA-SWN 1
HEN-OTA A
Duplex Zebra 120 C
PAK-PEN 1
PAK-PEN A
2 Bonded 19/2.57 Cu 50 C
transducer
42
APPENDIX B - Interconnection Transformer Ratings

Table B-0-1: Ratings of Auckland Area 220/110 kV Interconnecting Transformers
IC
Transformer
Continuous
Summer
Winter
Notes
200
274
290
Limited to 267 MVA by MV &

HV protection settings
200
274
290
200
254
270
200
254
270
Limited to 229 MVA by MV

circuit breaker rating
200
274
290
Limited to 267 MVA by MV

circuit breaker rating
200
274
290
141
190
201
141
190
201
141
190
201
141
190
201
117
158
170
100
135
145
250
324
338
260
337
351
200
254
270
200
254
270
OTA T5
2-winding
250
318
332
PEN T10
206
309
313
200
296
300
ALB T4
HEN T1
HEN T5
MDN T1
MDN T2
OTA T2
OTA T3
OTA T4
Winding
(for 3 winding
transformers )
Limited to 183 MVA by tap

changer rating
Limited to 183 MVA by tap

changer rating
Limited to 291 MVA by HV

protection settings
43
Appendix C - Parameters of New Components Used

Table C-0-1: Parameters of New Components used in Studies
Component
Length (km)
R (Ohms)
X
(Ohms)
Winter
Rating
(MVA)
Summer
Rating
(MVA)
notes
ALB-WRU
8.45
0.127
1.463
543
630
cyclic
rating
HOB-WRU
9.85
0.152
1.618
543
630
cyclic
rating
HOB-PEN
10.21
0.183
1.133
543
630
cyclic
rating
Total (ALB-PEN)
28.51
0.462
4.214
543
630
cyclic
rating
220 kV PAK-PEN ccts - cable

section
8.6
0.085
1.424
667
667
Direct
buried
220 kV PAK-PEN ccts - cable

section
8.6
0.085
1.424
1115
1115
Forcecooled
220 kV PEN-ROS cable
10.2
0.153
1.766
543
630
cyclic
rating
4th ALB-WRU 110 kV cct (cable)
8.5
0.252
1.038
120
120
Vector's
LST-PEN 1&2
0.238
0.982
205
205
Vector's
LST-ROS 1
10.2
0.304
2.228
150
150
Vector's
HOB-LST 1&2
1.5
0.070
0.202
150
150
Vector's
HEN ICT1 & 2
0.2%
7%
318
338
Continuous
250 MVA
HOB ICT1 & 2
0.2%
15%
318
338
Continuous
250 MVA
ROS ICT1 & 2
0.2%
15%
318
338
Continuous
250 MVA
WRU T1 & 2
0.2%
15%
250
250
Continuous
250 MVA
ALB-HPI / ALB-HEN / HEN-HPI
1350
1300
R & X as
per
existing
HEN-OTA
1350
1300
R & X as
per
existing
x-harbour cables (ALB-PEN):
Vector CBD 110 kV cables:
Transformers:
High Temperature Conductor
44
HEP-ROS
350
340
R & X as
per
existing
MNG-OTA
670
660
R & X as
per
existing
MNG-ROS
180
170
R & X as
per
existing
OTA-ROS
180
170
R & X as
per
existing
45
Appendix D - Substation Codes

Table D-1: Substation 3-letter Codes
Short
Code
Site
Short
Code
Site
Short
Code
Site
Short
Code
Site
ABY
Albury
HEN
Henderson
MTR
Mataroa
TAK
Takanini
ADD
Addington
HEP
Hepburn Road
NMA
North Makarewa
TAP
Te Apiti
ALB
Albany
HIN
Hinuera
NPK
National Park
TCC
Taranaki
Combined
Cycle
ALD
Arnold
HKK
Hokitika
NPL
New Plymouth
TGA
Tauranga
ANC
Anchor Products (Te

Awamutu)
HLE
Huntly East
(Ohinewai)
NSY
Naseby
TIM
Timaru
ANI
Aniwhenua
HLY
Huntly
OAM
Oamaru
TKA
Tekapo A
APS
Arthurs Pass
HOR
Hororata
OHA
Ohau A
TKB
Tekapo B
ARA
Aratiatia
HPI
Huapai
OHB
Ohau B
TKH
Te Kaha
ARG
Argyle
HTI
Hangatiki
OHC
Ohau C
TKR
Takapu Road
ARI
Arapuni
HUI
Huirangi
OHK
Ohakuri
TKU
Tokaanu
ASB
Ashburton
HWA
Hawera
OKE
Okere
TMH
Three Mile Hill
ASY
Ashley
HWB
Halfway Bush
OKI
Ohaaki
TMI
Te Matai
ATI
Atiamuri
IGH
Inangahua
OKN
Ohakune
TMK
Temuka
AVI
Aviemore
INV
Invercargill
ONG
Ongarue
TMN
Taumarunui
BAL
Balclutha
ISL
Islington
OPI
Opihi
TMU
Te Awamutu
BDE
Brydone
KAI
Kaiapoi
OPK
Opunake
TNG
Tangiwai
BEN
Benmore
KAW
Kawerau
OPU
Opuha
TOB
Tokomaru Bay
BLN
Blenheim
KEN
Kensington
BHL
Brownhill (400 kV
Cable-Line
interface)
TRK
Tarukenga
BOB
Bombay
KIK
Kikiwa
ORO
Orowaiti Tee
TUI
Tuai
BPE
Bunnythorpe
KIN
Kinleith
OTA
Otahuhu
TVT
Teviot
BRB
Bream Bay
KKA
Kaikoura
OTB
Oteranga Bay
TWH
Te Kowhai
BRK
Brunswick
KOE
Kaikohe
OTC
Otahuhu CC
TWI
Tiwai
BRR
Branch River
KPI
Kapuni
OTG
Otahuhu Power
Station
TWZ
Twizel
BRY
Bromley
KPO
Karapiro
OTI
Otira
UHT
Upper Hutt
BWK
Berwick
KPU
Kopu
OWH
Owhata
UTK
Upper Takaka
CBG
Cambridge
KTA
Kaitaia
PAK
Pakuranga
WAA
Whareroa
CLH
Castle Hill
KUM
Kumara
PAL
Palmerston
WAH
Wahapo
CML
Cromwell
KWA
Kaiwharawhara
PAP
Papanui
WAI
Waiotahi
COB
Cobb
LFD
Lichfield
PEN
Penrose
WDV
Woodville
46
COL
Coleridge
LIV
Livingstone
PKE
Poike
WEL
Wellsford
CPK
Central Park
LTN
Linton
PNI
Pauatahanui
WES
Western Road
CST
Carrington Street
MAN
Manapouri
PPI
Poihipi
WGN
Wanganui
CUL
Culverden
MAT
Matahina
PRM
Paraparaumu
WHE
Wheao
CYD
Clyde
MCH
Murchison
PTA
Patea
WHI
Whirinaki
DAR
Dargaville
MDN
Marsden
RDF
Redclyffe
WHU
Waihou
DOB
Dobson
MGM
Mangamaire
RFT
Reefton
WIL
Wilton
DVK
Dannevirke
MHO
Mangahao
ROB
Robertson Street
WIR
Wiri
EDG
Edgecumbe
MLG
Melling
ROS
Mount Roskill
WKM
Whakamaru
EDN
Edendale
MNG
Mangere
ROT
Rotorua
WKO
Waikino
FHL
Fernhill
MNI
Motunui
ROX
Roxburgh
WMG
Waimangaroa
FKN
Frankton
MOK
Mokai
RPO
Rangipo
WPA
Waipapa
GFD
Gracefield
MOT
Motueka
RTR
Retaruke
WPI
Waipori
GIS
Gisborne
MPE
Maungatapere
SBK
Southbrook
WPR
Waipara
GLN
Glenbrook
MPI
Motupipi
SDN
South Dunedin
WPT
Westport
GOR
Gore
MRA
Moturoa
SFD
Stratford
WPW
Waipawa
GYM
Greymouth
MST
Masterton
SPN
Springston
WRA
Wairoa
GYT
Greytown
MTI
Maraetai
STK
Stoke
WRK
Wairakei
HAM
Hamilton
MTM
Mt Maunganui
STU
Studholme
WTK
Waitaki
HAY
Haywards
MTN
Marton
SVL
Silverdale
WTU
Whakatu
HBK
Highbank
MTO
Maungaturoto
SWN
Southdown
WVY
Waverley
47
Appendix E - Forecast Load Data

Table E-1: MW Load Forecast for Northland and Auckland as per EC Website April 2007
Year
Northland MW
Auckland MW
2007
839
1365
2008
870
1424
2009
910
1481
2010
1538
2011
978
1594
2012
1001
1638
2013
1025
1683
2014
1049
1730
2015
1073
1776
2016
1097
1822
2017
1121
1867
2018
1144
1912
2019
1167
1958
2020
1191
2004
2021
1213
2047
2022
1234
2090
2023
1256
2133
2024
1279
2179
2025
1301
2223
2026
1323
2266
2027
1345
2309
2028
1366
2351
2029
1388
2394
2030
1411
2439
2031
1435
2486
2032
1458
2531
2033
1482
2580
2034
1505
2626
2035
1529
2673
2036
1554
2724
2037
1579
2775
2038
1605
2826
2039
1631
2878
2040
1656
2930
48
Appendix F - Characteristic of NAaN Load

The graph below gives the 2006 load profile of the NAaN area based on half-hourly
SCADA logs of the HEN-OTA 1 and HEN-SWN 1 MW circuit loading.
Figure F-0-1: NAaN Area 2006 MW Load Profile
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
49
26/12/2006
26/11/2006
27/10/2006
27/09/2006
28/08/2006
29/07/2006
29/06/2006
30/05/2006
30/04/2006
31/03/2006
1/03/2006
30/01/2006
Appendix G - Characteristic of Penrose Load

The graphs below indicate the nature of the total load on the Penrose GXP. Data for
these graphs comes from half-hourly SCADA data for the 2006 calendar year.
There is occasional load shifting to Penrose from the Mount Roskill GXP. This makes the
summer/winter nature of the usual load unclear.
Figure G-0-1: Total 2006 Penrose GXP Load including 22 kV, 33 kV, Liverpool St Feeders and
Quay St Feeders
600
500
MW
400
300
200
100
31/12/06
1/12/06
1/11/06
1/10/06
1/09/06
1/08/06
2/07/06
1/06/06
2/05/06
2/04/06
2/03/06
31/01/06
Date
Figure G-2 below shows the load on the Liverpool St feeders from Penrose. The
occasional high peaks indicate periods when the lines company has shifted the Liverpool
St load from Mount Roskill to Penrose. Apart from those periods and an apparent step
change around August, the load on the Penrose-Liverpool St feeders is seen to be flat
across the year.
50
Figure G-0-2: 2006 Liverpool St Feeder Load
160
140
120
MW
100
80
60
40
20
31/12/06
1/12/06
1/11/06
1/10/06
1/09/06
1/08/06
2/07/06
1/06/06
2/05/06
2/04/06
2/03/06
31/01/06
Date
Figure G-3 shows the Penrose GXP load without the Liverpool St feeder load. This graph
indicates clearly that the Penrose loads as a whole are winter peaking, if load shifting from
Mount Roskill is avoided.
Figure G-3: 2006 Penrose Load without Liverpool St Feeder Load
400
350
300
MW
250
200
150
100
50
1/12/06
1/11/06
1/10/06
1/09/06
1/08/06
2/07/06
1/06/06
2/05/06
2/04/06
2/03/06
31/01/06
Date
51
Figure G-4 shows the annual load profile at Liverpool St supplied from Mount Roskill. This
may be added to the Penrose load under certain upgrade scenarios. The profile indicates
that Penrose will remain winter peaking overall if this load transfer occurs.
Figure G-4: 2006 Mount Roskill Liverpool St Feeder Load
120
100
MW
80
60
40
20
1/12/06
1/11/06
1/10/06
1/09/06
1/08/06
2/07/06
1/06/06
2/05/06
2/04/06
2/03/06
31/01/06
Date
52

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NORTH AUCKLAND AND NORTHLAND GRID

Revision 1 May 2008

Attachment B: Technical Report May 2008 Revision

Attachment B: Technical Report May 2008 Revision

A second interconnecting transformer is installed at Mount Roskill when required to

Attachment B: Technical Report May 2008 Revision

Voltage Support ..............................................................................................................................12

ASSUMPTIONS AND METHODOLOGY......................................................13

Demand Forecast ............................................................................................................................13

Component Ratings ........................................................................................................................15

Description of Modelled New Circuits ..........................................................................................15

Distribution System ........................................................................................................................15

Planning Horizon ............................................................................................................................17

Methodology for Analysis...............................................................................................................17

North Island Grid Upgrade Project ..............................................................................................19

Other Projects .................................................................................................................................20

Voltage Support Plan......................................................................................................................21

Penrose 110 kV Reinforcement......................................................................................................22

Option 1 Cross Harbour Cables .................................................................................................25

Option 2 High Temperature Conductor ....................................................................................28

Option 3 New interconnection at Roskill ...................................................................................31

Option 4 New generation north of Auckland.............................................................................34

Attachment B: Technical Report May 2008 Revision

DISCUSSION ON REACTIVE PLANS .........................................................37

Static Reactive Requirements ........................................................................................................37

Dynamic Reactive Requirements...................................................................................................37

APPENDIX A EXISTING CIRCUIT RATINGS .................................................42

Attachment B: Technical Report May 2008 Revision

Installing a 220 kV cross-harbour cable, from Penrose to Albany, connecting into

Upgrading existing transmission circuits using high temperature conductor,

Attachment B: Technical Report May 2008 Revision

Cross harbour cable

1st PEN-HOB-WRUALB cable

High Temp conductor

One 220 kV PAK-PEN

New HOB and WRU

One 220 kV PAK-PEN

New 220 kV transformer

120 MW new generation

One 220 kV PAK-PEN

Replace existing HEN

Install a second ICT at

High Temp conductor

Install a second ICT at

New 220 kV transformer

Upgrade 200m of ALBHEN 3 to duplex zebra

Install a second ICT at

One series reactor in

Upgrade HEP-ROS 1 &

High temp conductor on

Attachment B: Technical Report May 2008 Revision

Cross harbour cable

110 kV OTA-ROS 1 & 2

Series reactor in OTAPEN 2 circuit

Install first crossharbour cable PENHOB-WRU-ALB plus

2nd 220 kV PAK-PEN

Install a second supply

High temp conductor on