EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

University of California
Berkeley
College of Engineering
Department of Electrical Engineering
and Computer Science

Robert W. Brodersen
EECS140
Analog Circuit Design

Lectures
on
SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 5

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN INTRODUCTION

Two Port Analysis S-1

im i out
+ +
R out Small Signal
ν in +- Analysis
RIN a ν ⋅ ν in
- - ν out

R IN , ROUT , a υ Set independent sources to zero

ν
R i n = -----i n
im ν out
i OUT = 0
a υ = -------
ν in
ν out -
io u t = 0
ν in at input
R out = -------------
( – i out ) υ in = 0

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 1

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN INTRODUCTION

S-2
Common Source (Inverter, Gain Stage)
(High Gain, Moderate Rout)
VDD

ID
VT = 1V VDD = 5V
RD
k’ = 60µA/V2 RD = 1kΩ
νo,VO
λ = 0.01 γ = 0.1
Vin
W/L = 5 Vout
νi Cutoff Saturation Linear
VDD
VB +
Edge of
- Saturation
VB-VT
VT
ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 1
EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN INTRODUCTION

Common Source (Cont.) S-3

DC Analysis :
V O = V DD – ID R D

V O = V D D – k'
--- ⋅ W
----- ⋅ ( V GS –VT ) 2 ⋅ R D
2 L



VB

V O ≥ V DSAT = V GS – V T = V B – V T
VB(A) VB(B)
V O, EOS = V DD – k'
--- ⋅ W
----- ⋅ ( V B – V T ) 2 ⋅ R D
2 L 3.00 4.47
V B = V T + V DD – k'
--- ⋅ W
----- ⋅ ( V B – V T ) 2 ⋅ R D
4.47 3.19
2 L 3.19 4.33
1--
( B) 2

V (A )
B = V DD – V B + V T
--------------------------------- + VT : :
k'
--- ⋅ W ----- ⋅ R D 4.12
2 L

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 1

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN INTRODUCTION

Common Source (Cont.) S-4

Small Signal Analysis :

RD = 1kΩ RD || ro
νin D νo νo
G νin
gmνgs gmb νbs ro gmνin

S
Lets say V OUT = 2.5V ,then I = 2.5mAD
1--

ν o = – g m ⋅ ( R D || r o ) ⋅ ν in = –  2k' ⋅ W ----- ⋅ I DS ⋅ ( R D || r o )

2
⋅ ν in
 L 






1 1
r o = ----------- = -----------------------------------–-3 = 40kΩ 1kΩ
λ ⋅ ID 0.01 ⋅ 2.5 ⋅ 10
νo
----- = – g m ⋅ ( 1kΩ || 40kΩ ) ≈ – g m ⋅ ( 1kΩ ) = 1.2
ν in
ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 1
EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

Common Source (Cont.) S-5

If we bias the output at VDD/2 , then the equation for gain is,
V DD
I DS = -------------
2 ⋅ RD
ν
1--

 
1--
W V 2
a ν = ----- = – g m ⋅ R D = –  2k' ⋅ ----- ⋅ ------- ⋅ R D2
o DD

ν in L 2
R IN = ∞ R OUT = R D || r o

ROUT
νin RIN 4 +- νoνi
aννin

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 6

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

S-6
Rout Calculation :

Rout

g m ⋅ ν in = 0 it

ν t
R out = ----
it υi n = 0

ν t = ( R D || r o ) ⋅ it
ν
R out = ----t = R D || r o
it

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 6

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

Circuit Transconductance GM : S-7

V DD

R D || r o
i out i-----
out
GM =
ν in RL = 0

ν in RL

+ +
R out ν out
ν in ν out = GM ⋅ ν in ⋅ R out
R IN
- GM ⋅ νi n -

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 6

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

S-8

+ + ν out = a ν ⋅ ν in
Rout ν out ν out = GM ⋅ ν in ⋅ R out
νi n +-
RIN ν
- a ν ⋅ ν in - -- = a ν = GM ⋅ R out
-----out
ν in

+
for RL = 0 ,
Rout iout = GM ⋅ ν i n
ν in i out
RIN i out
- GM ⋅ ν in GM = -----
ν in

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 6

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

S-9

R D || r o
iout = – g m ⋅ ν in
iout
GM = ----- = – g m
ν in
i out
g m ⋅ ν in = 0

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 6

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

S-10
1
a ν = GM ⋅ R out a ν = – g m ⋅ ( R D || r o ) r 0 = -------------
λ ⋅ I DS
1 1
-- --
gm ∝ I GM ∝ I
2 2
DS DS RD » r o

1--
2
I 1
a ν, max = – g m ⋅ r 0 ∝ ----- ∼ -----
DS

I DS 1-2-
I DS

For Bipolar
IC
g m = -----------------
V THERMAL
V EARLY
( g m ⋅ r o )MAX = -----------------
V THERMAL
V EARLY
r o = ------------
IC

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 6

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

Common Source with Source Degeneration S-11

iout
RD
νo gmνgs gmbνbs
ro
νin νm +
-
RD
RS is RS

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 6

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

Common Source with Source Degeneration (Cont.) S-12

Calculate circuit transconductance GM :
i out i
G m = ----- = – -----s
ν in R L = 0Ω ν in

ν
is = g m ⋅ ( νin – ν s ) + g mb ⋅ ( – νs ) – ----s
ro

is = ν in ⋅ g m – ν s  g m + g mb + --- 
1
 ro 
{

small compared to g m
νs = is ⋅ R S
is –gm –gm
GM = ----- = ------------------------------------------------- = ----------------------------------------------
υ in 1 + R S ⋅ ( g m + g mb ) 1 + RS ⋅ g m ⋅ ( 1 + χ )






 χ = g------
mb

 gm 

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 6

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

Common Source with Source Degeneration (Cont.) S-13

Rout Calculation :

‘ROUT‘ ROUT
( Ground νm) νout

gmνg gmbνbs ro RD
s

it

is RS Test Current

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 6

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

Common Source with Source Degeneration (Cont.) S-14

R OUT = R'OUT || R D

is = it ν s = i t ⋅ RS ν g = νb = 0
ν t = iro ⋅ r o + ν s
= ( it – g m ⋅ ν gs – g mb ⋅ ν bs ) ⋅ r o + i t ⋅ R S
= ( it – ( g m + g mb ) ⋅ νs ) ⋅ r o + it ⋅ R S
{

it ⋅ R S
νt = i t ⋅ [ R S + r o ⋅ { 1 + ( g m + g mb ) ⋅ R S } ]

νt
R OUT = ---- = { R S + r o ⋅ [ 1 + ( g m + g mb ) ⋅ R S ] } || R D
it
gm ⋅ RS if R D → x
A ν = – GM ⋅ R OUT = ------------------------------------------ + gm ⋅ ro
1 + R S ⋅ ( g m + g mb )



≈ unchanged

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 6

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

S-15
V DD
iout
RD GM = ----- = – g m
ν in
R OUT = R D || r o

ν in ro R out R IN = ∞

A ν = GM ⋅ R OUT

g m ⋅ ν gs g mb ⋅ ν bs R' out = r o

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 7

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

S-16

V DD

RD
g mb
χ = ------
R OUT' gm

ν in R out R OUT' = R S + r o ⋅ { 1 + ( 1 + χ ) ⋅ g m ⋅ R S }

R out = R D || R OUT'
RS
gm ⋅ Rs » 1 R OUT' ≈ r o ⋅ ( 1 + χ ) ⋅ g m ⋅ R S

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 7

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

νt S-17
ν t
it R out ' = ----
it
V R = R S ⋅ it
+
VR V GS = V G – V S = – R S ⋅ i t
RS
- V BS = V B – V S = – R S ⋅ i t

it
More current gets shoved
into ro because of polarity of
ro VGS and VBS due to RS

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 7

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

S-18

– gm
GM = ----------------------------------------------
1 + RS ⋅ g m ⋅ ( 1 + χ )

a ν = GM ⋅ R OUT
–g m
= ---------------------------------------------- ⋅ { r o ⋅ [ 1 + ( g m + g mb ) ⋅ R S ] } || R D
1 + RS ⋅ gm ⋅ ( 1 + χ )

RD → ∞

aν → – gm ⋅ ro

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 7

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

Common Gate (High Gain, Non-Inverting) S-19

γ
χ = -----------------------------
VDD 2 ( 2φ f + V BS )
1-- 1--

V T = V TO + γ ⋅ [ ( 2 ⋅ φ f + V BS ) – ( 2 ⋅ φ f ) ]
2 2

VS
For Saturation :
νout
νin V OUT > V G – V S – V T

+ VG g m = k' ⋅ W
----- ⋅ ( V GS – V T )
νS + - L
-
k' W
I DS = --- ⋅ ----- ⋅ ( V GS – V T ) 2
2 L

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 7

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

Common Gate (Cont.) S-20

ro

νm ν gs = 0 – ν m
νout ν bs = 0 – ν m
-gmbνin
RD
-gmνin
ν in – ν OUT
ν o = ( g m + g mb ) ⋅ R D ⋅ ν in + -------------------- ⋅ RD
ro
ν [ 1 + ( g m + g mb ) ⋅ r o ] ⋅ R D
A ν = -----o = --------------------------------------------------------
ν in r o + RD
1
G m = --- + g m ⋅ ( 1 + χ ) R OUT = r o || R D A ν = G m ⋅ R OUT
ro

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 7

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

S-21
Common Gate (Cont.)
Rin for common gate :
νtT νout
ro
it RD

Test 1+χ mνt

(HX)g
Current
ν t – ν OUT
i t = – ------------------- –g m ⋅ ( 1 + χ ) ⋅ ν t = 0
ro
ν r o + RD
ν OUT = i t ⋅ R D ----t = R in = --------------------------------------------
-
it 1 + ( 1 + χ ) ⋅ gm ⋅ ro
1
RD < ro ro → ∞ R in → --------------------------
( 1 + x ) ⋅ gm
RD
RD > ro RD → ∞ R in → ----------------------------------
-
( 1 + x ) ⋅ gm ⋅ ro

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 7

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

S-22
Common Gate with RS

RS
νin +- V RD
G

VDD

R OUT = ( R S + r o ⋅ [ 1 + ( g m + g mb ) ⋅ R S ] ) || R D

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 7

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

S-23
Common Gate with R S (Cont.)

νs
iout
RS ro
+ νs -

( 1 + χ) ⋅ g m ⋅ νs






 1
R EQ = ---------------------------
(1 + χ ) ⋅ g m

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 7

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

Common Gate with RS (Cont.) S-24

ν in
iOUT = ---------------------------------------
1
R S + ---------------------------
( 1 + χ ) ⋅ gm

i------- 1
Gm = OUT
= ---------------------------------------
ν in 1
R S + ---------------------------
(1 + χ ) ⋅ g m
( 1 + χ) ⋅ gm
= ----------------------------------------------
1 + (1 + χ ) ⋅ g m ⋅ R S

A ν = GAIN = G M ⋅ R OUT for R D LARGE » ro

Aν = g m ⋅ ( 1 + χ ) ⋅ ro RS typical « r o

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 7

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

S-25
Source Follower
DC Analysis :

VDD
Good for Buffering &
Vin Impedance Transformation
IDS
Voltage GAIN ∼ 1
νsS
V VOUT
High R in = ∞
RS Low R OUT ∼ 10 – 1kΩ

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 7

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

S-26
Source Follower (Cont.)

k' W
I DS = --- ⋅ ----- ⋅ ( V IN – V OUT – V T ) 2
2 L

V OUT = I DS ⋅ R S

V OUT =  R S ⋅ k' ----- ⋅ ( V IN – V OUT – V T ) 2

--- ⋅ W
 2 L
  1-2-
V OUT ⋅ 2  = V
V OUT + V T +  -----------------------
 W  IN

 R S ⋅ k' ⋅ -----
L

Solve iteratively !

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 7

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

Source Follower (Cont.) S-27

Small Signal :
VDD νm
Vνinin gmνgs -gmbνs ro
IDS
νs VνOUT
out νs
RS RS

ν gs = ν in – ν s ν OUT = ν s
νs = ( g m ⋅ νgs – g mb ⋅ ν s ) ⋅ ( r o || R S )
= g m ⋅ R S ⋅ ν in – ( 1 + χ ) ⋅ g m ⋅ R S ro » RS
g m ⋅ R S ⋅ ν in
νs = ---------------------------------------------- = ν OUT
1 + ( 1 + χ ) ⋅ gm ⋅ RS

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 7

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

Source Follower (Cont.) S-28

ROUT : νgs= - νs
νin=0
ro
1/gm 1/gmb

ROUT
RS

1 1
R OUT = ----- || ------ || r o || R S
g m g mb
gmνgs gmνs 1/gm
νs νs νs

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 7

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

Single Transistor Circuits Summary S-29

Common Source : Common Source

with Source Degeneration :
RD
RD
ν out ν out
ν in ν in

A ν = GM ⋅ R out RS

GM = – g m
–g m
R OUT = r o || R D GM = ----------------------------------------------
1 + gm ⋅ ( 1 + χ ) ⋅ R S
2
A ν, max = – ---------- ⋅ 1-- ;( R D » r o )
V DSAT λ R OUT ≈ r o ⋅ [ 1 + g m ⋅ ( 1 + χ ) ⋅ R S ] || R D

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 8

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

Single Transistor Circuits Summary S-30

Common Drain Common Gate :
(Source Follower) :
ν out
ν in ν in
RD
ν out
V DD
RS

gm ⋅ RS
A ν = ---------------------------------------------- A ν = g m ⋅ ( 1 + χ ) ⋅ R OUT
( 1 + χ ) ⋅ gm ⋅ RS + 1
R OUT = R D || r o
1 || R S
R OUT = --------------------------- ro + RD
( 1 + χ) ⋅ gm R in = ---------------------------------------------
1 + (1 + χ ) ⋅ g m ⋅ r o
1 ; R » ----
1
-
A ν, max = ------------
1+χ  g m
S

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 8

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

Common Source Av,max Calculation S-31

A ν, MAX = – g m ⋅ R OUT R D » ro = –gm ⋅ ro

k' ⋅ W ----- ⋅ ( V GS – V T )
L
= k' ⋅ W 1 = ---------------------------------------------------
----- ⋅ ( V GS – V T ) ⋅ ------------- -
L λ ⋅ I DS λ ⋅ k'
--- ⋅ W ----- ⋅ ( V GS – V T ) 2
2 L

2 2
= – ----------------------- ⋅ 1-- = – ------------------
( V GS – V T ) λ λ ⋅ V DSAT

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 8

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

Differential Pair S-32

DC Analysis :

ISS VDD I----

SS
----- -
2 2
RD RD
VoO1 VoO2
1
2   1-2-
= V T +  -------------
I SS 
V GS
Vii11  W 
Vii22  k' ⋅ ----- 
+ + L
VGS1 - - VGS2

Tail Current Source

ISS

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 8

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

Differential Pair (Cont.) S-33

RD « r o V od
ISSR D
V od = V o1 – V o2
slope = -g mR D

V id = V i1 – V i2
-∆Vid ∆V id V id

-I SSR D

Solve eqns : V i1 – V GS1 + V GS2 – V i2 = 0

I DS1 + IDS2 = I SS I SS
= -----
  1-2- 21--
⋅ I DS1
V GS1 = V T +  2--------------  
W

}
2
g m = 2 ⋅ k' ⋅ ----- ⋅ I DS
 W   L 
 k' ⋅ ----- 
L
  1-2-
I SS ⋅ R D I SS ⋅ R D
∆V GS ≈ ------------------- = --------------- =  -------------
I SS 
also
SLOPE g m ⋅ R D W 
 k' ⋅ ----
- 
L
ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 8
EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

Differential Pair (Cont.) S-34

If we have a lot of gain, low current and a large R D, then

Vod

This can quickly become unbiased

Vid

To make sure your output voltage is at zero when your input voltage is zero,
do a DC sweep in spice.

Vod

-34mV Vid

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 8

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

Differential Pair (Cont.) S-35

Define New Variables for Differential 2-Port :

νin1 νout1

νin2 νout2

Differential Mode : Common Mode :

νod = ν OUT1 – ν OUT2 ν OUT1 + ν OUT2

ν oc = ---------------------------
2
ν in1 + ν in2
νid = ν in1 – ν in2 ν ic = --------------------
2
ν od
Then the differential mode gain is A = ------
DM
ν id
ν
and the common mode gain is A CM = -----oc-
ν ic

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 8

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

Differential Pair (Cont.) S-36

ν ν
νo1 = ν oc + -----od- νi2 = ν ic – -----id
2 2
ν ν
νo2 = ν oc – -----od- νi1 = ν ic + -----id
2 2

νin νo1 νid = ν in – 0 = ν in

ν in + 0 ν
νo2 ν ic = --------------
- = -----in
2 2

ν
ν o1 = ν oc + -----od- = A CM ⋅ ν in + A
--------
DM
⋅ ν in
2 2
ν
⋅ ν in = ν in ⋅  -------
A CM- A DM
So for our example, ν o1 = A CM ⋅ -----in + A
--------
DM
+ --------
2 2  2 2 

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 8

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

Differential Pair (Cont.) S-37

Differential Mode 2-Port :

iid Rod iod

νid + +
- Rid - ADMA DM νid RL
iid iod

ν ν ν
A DM = -----od- R id = -----id R od = -----od-
νid i id i od

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 8

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

Differential Pair (Cont.) S-38

Common Mode 2-Port :

iic Roc

+- Ric
νic +- A ocνic
IDC
iic
Ric Roc
+- +-
Aocνic
νic

ν ν ν
A CM = -----oc- R ic = -----in R oc = -----in
ν ic iic i ic

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 8

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

Differential Pair - Half Circuits S-39

Differential Mode Operation :

I----SS- VDD I----SS-

+ ∆iss – ∆iss
2 2
RD RD
νod /2 -νod /2

νid/2 -νid/2
+- +-

virtual ground

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 8

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

Differential Pair - Half Circuits (Cont.) S-40

Half Circuit : ν
-----od-
2 ν
A υ = ------ = -----od- = – g m ( R D || r o )
ν id νid
RD -----
2
νod/2 ν
-----od-
2
------ = R D || r o R id = ∞
iod i od
νid/2
it νt

+-
νο1 νο2
ν R D || r o
R od = -----od- = 2 ⋅ ( R D || r o ) R D || r o
iid

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 8

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

Differential Pair - Half Circuits (Cont.) S-41

Common Mode Operation :

VDD VDD

RD RD RD RD
νoc νoc νoc νoc

νid/2 νic
νic νic
+-
2RS 2RS
RS

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 8

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

Differential Pair - Half Circuits (Cont.) S-42

Half circuit :

VDD
ν gm
A CM = -----oc- = - ⋅ [ R OUT ]
-----------------------------------------------------
RD νic 1 + 2 ⋅ RS ⋅ ( 1 + χ ) ⋅ gm










ioc
GM
νoc

νic

2RS R OUT ≈ r o ⋅ [ 1 + g m ⋅ ( 1 + χ ) ⋅ R S ] || R D ≈ R OC

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 8

EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

CMRR and Single vs Double Ended Diff. Pairs S-43

A CM
CMRR ≡ Common Mode Rejection Ratio (dB) = 20 ⋅ log --------
A DM

garbage gets
νin coupled in noise gets amplified
along with signal

νin

since the noise is common, and the common mode gain

is much smaller than the differential mode gain, the
noise doesn’t get amplified as much as the signal
ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 9
EECS140 ANALOG CIRCUIT DESIGN LECTURES ON SINGLE TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS

Single Ended Differential Pair S-44

VDD
VDD
RD
RD νOUT
νOUT -νid/2 iOUT

+νid/2 -νid/2
ν
= – g m ⋅ ( R D || r o )
OUT
still approximately ---------
ν
RS a virtual ground – -----id
2
ν m ⋅ (R D
|| r o )
g-----------------------------
---------
OUT
=
ν id 2
ν OUT
R OUT = -------- - = R D || r o
iOUT
ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 9