Hydrology (Assignment)

HYDROLOGY (BFC 32002)
ASSIGMENT (GROUP)
To determine the design peak for flow generated from a minor drainage of medium density
residential area of 10 hectares in Kuala Lumpur. Assume 80 m of overland flow followed by 400
m of flow in an open drain. Catchment area average slope = 0.5%. The catchment is shown in
Figure 0.B1.
Catchment Area 10
ha
Main
Drain
Rive
r
Figure 0.B1
Catchment Area
Table 0.0
Design Storm ARIs for Urban Stormwater Systems
Type of Development
Average Recurrence Interval (ARI) of Design

Storm (year)
Quantity
(See Note 1)
Minor
System
Major System
(see Note 2 and
3)
up to 100
Low density
up to 100
Medium density
up to 100
10
up to 100
Commercial, Business and Industrial

Other than CBD
up to 100
Commercial, Business, Industrial in

Central Business District (CBD) areas of
Large Cities
10
up to 100
Open Space, Parks and Agricultural

Land in urban areas
Quality
3 month ARI
(for all types
of
development)
Residential:
High density
Notes:
(1) If a development falls under two categories then the higher of the applicable storm
ARIs from the Table shall be adopted.
(2) The required size of trunk drains within the major drainage system, varies.
According to current practices the trunk drains are provided for the areas larger
than 40 ha. Proceeding downstream in the drainage system, a point may be
reached where it becomes necessary to increase the size of the trunk drain in order
to limit the magnitude of gap flows as described in Section 0.0.0.
(3) Ideally, the selection of design storm ARI should also be on the basis of economic
efficiency. In practice, however, economic efficiency is typically replaced by the
concept of the level of protection. In the case where the design storm for higher ARI
would be impractical, then the selection of appropriate ARI should be adjusted to
optimise the ratio cost to benefit or social factors. Consequently lower ARI should
be adopted for the major system, with consultation and approval from Local
Authority. However, the consequences of the higher ARI shall be investigated and
made known. Even though the stormwater system for the existing developed
condition shall be designed for a lower ARI storm, the land should be reserved for
higher ARI, so that the system can be upgraded when the area is built up in the
future.
(4) Habitable floor levels of buildings shall be above the 100 year ARI flood level.
(4) In calculating the discharge from the design storm, allowance shall be made for any
reduction in discharge due to quantity control (detention or retention) measures
installed as described in Section 0.0.
Design Chart 0.0
Nomograph for Estimating Overland Sheet Flow Times (Source: AR&R, 1977)
(Overland Sheet Flow Times - Shallow Sheet Flow Only)
1.0
0.9
2
0.8
0.7
4
Runof Coefficient,
C
0.6
0.5
0.4
7
0.3
8
0.2
0.1
Impervious Roofs, Concrete

City Areas Full and Solidly Built Up
Surface Clay, Poor Paving, Sandstone Rock

Commercial & Cit y Areas Closely Built Up
Semi Detached Houses on Bare Earth
Bare Earth, Earth with Sandstone Outcrops

Urban Residential Fully Built Up with Limited Gardens
Bare Loam, Suburban Residential with Gardens
Widely Detached Houses on Ordinary Loam

Suburban Fully Built Upon Sand Strata
Park Lawns and Meadows
Cultivated Fields with Good Growth

Sand Strata
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Rainfall Intensity,
Design Chart 0.0
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
I (mm/hr)
Runof Coefficients for Urban Catchments

Source: AR&R, 1977
Note: For I > 200 mm/hr, interpolate linearly to C = 0.9 at I = 400 mm/hr
Table 0.0
Values of Areal Reduction Factors (FA)
Catchment
Area
(km2)
0
10
50
100
150
200
Storm Duration (hours)

0.5
1.00
1.00
0.82
0.73
0.67
0.63
1
1.00
1.00
0.88
0.82
0.78
0.75
3
1.00
1.00
0.94
0.91
0.89
0.87
6
1.00
1.00
0.96
0.94
0.92
0.90
24
1.00
1.00
0.97
0.96
0.95
0.93
FORMULA:
a) The design rainfall is calculated with Equation:
I c FA I p
where FA is the areal reduction factor, Ic is the average rainfall over the catchment, and Ip
is the point rainfall intensity.
b) The design rainfall depth Pd for a short duration d (minutes) is given by,
Pd P30 FD (P60 P30)

where P30, P60 are the 30-minute and 60-minute duration rainfall depths respectively,
obtained from the published design curves. FD is the adjustment factor for storm
duration.
Note:
1 meter = 3.2808 feets

ANSWER:
Minor system design ARI = 5 years.
Major system design ARI = 100 years.
For paved structure, to = 8 minutes
Assume V = 1.0 m/s
Td = L/V
Td = 400/1.0
Td = 400 sec (6.7 minutes)
Total tc = 8+6.7
Total tc = 14.7 minutes
For ARI of 5 years, t= 30 minutes
ln (I) = 5.1086 + 0.5037ln(30) 0.2155[ln(30)]2+0.0112[ln(30)]3
ln (I) = 4.7698
5
I30 = 117.9mm/hr
I60 = 75.7mm/hr
P30 = 117.9/2 = 58.95mm
P60 = 75.7/1 = 75.7mm
P15 = 58.95-0.8(75.7-58.95)
P15 = 45.6mm
I15 =182.2mm/hr
Hence, C=0.84
Q = (0.84x182x10)/360
Q = 4.25 m3/s
UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA

86400, PARIT RAJA, BATU PAHAT,
JOHOR DARUL TAKZIM
HYDROLOGY
BFC32002
EN.ZULKIFLI BIN AHMAD
SECTION 2
NAME
MOHD.KHAIRIL AMRI BIN KAMARUZAMAN
MUHAMMAD FIRDAUS BIN MD YASIN
MUHAMAD AIMAN BIN ABD RASHID
ASMAHANI BINTI BARJOK
NOORATIQAH BINTI MOHD ZIN
NORFATIHIN BINTI NOORLISAM
MATRIC NUMBER
AF120162
AF120036
AF120101
AF120086
AF120119
AF120145

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HYDROLOGY (BFC 32002)

Design Storm ARIs for Urban Stormwater Systems

Average Recurrence Interval (ARI) of Design

Commercial, Business and Industrial

Commercial, Business, Industrial in

Open Space, Parks and Agricultural

Design Chart 0.0

Impervious Roofs, Concrete

Surface Clay, Poor Paving, Sandstone Rock

Semi Detached Houses on Bare Earth

Bare Earth, Earth with Sandstone Outcrops

Bare Loam, Suburban Residential with Gardens

Widely Detached Houses on Ordinary Loam

Park Lawns and Meadows

Cultivated Fields with Good Growth

Design Chart 0.0

Runof Coefficients for Urban Catchments

Values of Areal Reduction Factors (FA)

Storm Duration (hours)

a) The design rainfall is calculated with Equation:

Pd P30 FD (P60 P30)

1 meter = 3.2808 feets

P30 = 117.9/2 = 58.95mm

P60 = 75.7/1 = 75.7mm

UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA

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