Design with Operational Amplifiers and

Analog Integrated Circuits 4th Edition

Sergio Franco
San Francisco State University
McGraw-Hill Education, 2015 - ISBN 0-07-232084-2

Detailed Table of Contents

PREFACE: The Book, New to the Fourth Edition, The Contents at a Glance, Website, CourseSmart, Acknowlegments
1 OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER FUNDAMENTALS: Chapter Highlights
1.1
Amplifier Fundamentals
1.2
The Operational Amplifier: The Ideal Op Amp, SPICE Simulation
1.3
Basic Op Amp Configurations: The Noninverting Amplifier, Ideal Noninverting Amplifier Characteristics,
The Voltage Follower, The Inverting Amplifier, Ideal Inverting Amplifier Characteristics
1.4
Ideal Op Amp Circuit Analysis: The Basic Amplifiers Revisited, The Summing Amplifier, The Difference
Amplifier, The Differentiator, The Integrator, The Negative-Resistance Converter (NIC)
1.5
Negative Feedback: Gain Desensitivity, Nonlinear Distortion Reduction, Effect of Feedback on
Disturbances and Noise
1.6
Feedback in Op Amp Circuits: The Series-Shunt and Shunt-Shunt Topologies, The Series-Series and the
Shunt-Series Topologies, Closed-Loop Input/Output Resistances, Concluding Remarks
1.7
The Return Ratio and Blackmans Formula: The Return Ratio of an Op Amp, Blackmans Impedance
Formula, Comparing T and L
1.8
Op Amp Powering: Current Flow and Power Dissipation, Output Saturation, SPICE Simulation
Problems
References
Appendix 1A: Standard Resistance Values
2 CIRCUITS WITH RESISTIVE FEEDBACK: Chapter Highlights
2.1
Current-to-Voltage Converters: Closed-Loop Parameters, High-Sensitivity I-V Converters, Photodetector
Amplifiers
2.2
Voltage-to-Current Converters: Floating-Load Converters, Practical Op Amp Limitations, Grounded-Load
Converters, Effect of Resistance Mismatches, Effect of Finite Open-Loop Gain, Improved Howland Current
Pump
2.3
Current Amplifiers
2.4
Difference Amplifiers: Effect of Resistance Mismatches, Variable Gain, Ground-Loop Interference
Elimination
2.5
Instrumentation Amplifiers: Triple-Op-Amp IAs, Dual-Op-Amp IAs, Monolithic IAs, Flying-Capacitor
Techniques
2.6
Instrumentation Applications: Active Guard Drive, Digitally Programmable Gain, Output Offsetting,
Current-Output IAs, Current-Input IAs
2.7
Transducer Bridge Amplifiers: Transducer Resistance Deviation, The Transducer Bridge, Bridge
Calibration, Strain Gauge Bridges, Single-Op-Amp Amplifier, Bridge Linearization
Problems
References

3 ACTIVE FILTERS: PART 1: Common Frequency Responses, Active Filters, Chapter Highlights
3.1
The Transfer Function: H(s) and Stability, H(s) and the Frequency Response, Bode Plots
3.2
First-Order Active Filters: The Differentiator, Integrators, Low-Pass Filter with Gain, High-Pass Filter with
Gain, Wideband Band-Pass Filter, Phase Shifters
3.3
Audio Filter Applications: Phono Preamplifier, Tape Preamplifier, Active Tone Control, Graphic Equalizers
3.4
Standard Second-Order Responses: The Low-Pass Response HLP, The High-Pass Response HHP, The
Band-Pass Response HBP, The Notch Response HN, The All-Pass Response HAP, Filter Measurements
3.5
KRC Filters: Low-Pass KRC Filters, Equal-Component KRC Circuit, Unity-Gain KRC Circuit, High-Pass
KRC Filters, Band-Pass KRC Filters, Band-Reject KRC Filters
3.6
Multiple-Feedback Filters: Band-Pass Filters, Low-Pass Filters, Notch Filters
3.7
State-Variable and Biquad Filters: State-Variable (SV) Filters, The Biquad Filter, The Notch Response
3.8
Sensitivity: KRC Filter Sensitivities, Multiple-Feedback Filter Sensitivities, Multiple-Op-Amp Filter
Sensitivities
Problems
References
4 ACTIVE FILTERS: PART II: Chapter Highlights
4.1
Filter Approximations: Plotting H(j) Using PSpice, Butterworh Approximation, Chebyshev
Approximation, Cauer Approximation, Bessel Approximation
4.2
Cascade Design: Low-Pass Filter Design, High-Pass Filter Design, Band-Pass Filter Design, Band-Reject
Filter Design
4.3
Generalized Impedance Converters: Synthesis Using Grounded Inductances, Synthesis Using FDNRs
4.4
Direct Design: Low-Pass Filter Design, High-Pass Filter Design
4.5
The Switched Capacitor: SC Integrators, Practical Limitations of SC Filters,
4.6
Switched-Capacitor Filters: Dual-Integrator-Loop Filters, Ladder Simulation, Direct Synthesis of Low-Pass
Filters, Direct Synthesis of Band-Pass Filters
4.7
Universal SC filters: The MF10 Universal SC Filter, Modes of Operation, Cascade Design
Problems
References
5 STATIC OP AMP LIMITATIONS: Chapter Highlights
5.1
Simplified Op Amp Circuit Diagram: The Input Stage, The Second Stage, The Output Stage, JFET-Input
Op Amps, CMOS Op Amps, SPICE Models
5.2
Input Bias and Offset Currents: Errors Caused by IB and IOS
5.3
Low-Input-Bias-Current Op Amps: Superbeta-Input Op Amps, Input-Bias-Current Cancellation, FETInput Op Amps, Input Bias-Current Drift, Input Guarding
5.4 Input Offset Voltage: Errors Caused by VOS, Thermal Drift, Common-Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR), PowerSupply Rejection Ratio (PSRR), Change of VOS with the Output Swing, Complete Expression for the Input
Offset Voltage VOS
5.5 Low-Input-Offset-Voltage Op Amps: Bipolar Input Offset Voltage, CMOS Offset Voltage, Matching
Considerations, Offset Voltage Trimming, Autozero and Chopper-Stabilized Op Amps
5.6 Input Offset-Error Compensation Techniques: Internal Offset Nulling, External Offset Nulling
5.7 Input Voltage Range/Output Voltage Swing: Input Voltage Range (IVR), Output Voltage Swing (OVS), Railto-Rail Op Amps
5.8 Maximum Ratings: Absolute Maximum Ratings, Overload Protection
Problems
References
Appendix 5A: Data Sheets of the A741 Op Amp
6 DYNAMIC OP AMP LIMITATIONS: Chapter Highlights
6.1 Open-Loop Response: Single-pole Open-Loop Gain, Graphical Visualization of the Loop Gain T
6.2 Closed-Loop Frequency Response: Plotting the Closed-Loop response A(jf), The Noninverting and
Inverting Amplifiers, The I-V and V-I Converters,
6.3 Input and Output Impedances: Practical Considerations
6.4 Transient Response: The Rise Time tR, Slew-Rate Limiting, Full-Power Bandwidth, The Settling Time tS, SlewRate Limiting: Causes and Cures
6.5 Effect of Finite GBP on Integrator Circuits: Magnitude and Phase Errors, Passive Compensation of
Integrators, Active Compensation of Integrators, Q-enhancement Compensation
6.6 Effect of Finite GBP on Filters: First-Order Filters, Second-Order Filters, Concluding Remarks

6.7 Current-Feedback Amplifiers: Closed-Loop Gain, CFA Dynamics, Higher-Order Effects, Applying CFAs,
PSpice Models, High-Speed Voltage-Feedback Amplifiers
Problems
References
7 NOISE IN OP AMP CIRCUITS: Interference Noise, Inherent Noise, Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Chapter Highlights
7.1
Noise Properties: Rms Value and Crest Factor, Noise Observation and Measurement, Noise Summation,
Noise Spectra, White noise and 1/f noise, Integrated-Circuit Noise
7.2 Noise Dynamics: Noise Equivalent Bandwidth (NEB), Upper-Brick-Wall frequency for 1/f Noise, Piecewise
Graphical Integration, The Pink-Noise Tangent Principle
7.3 Sources of Noise: Thermal Noise, Shot Noise, Flicker Noise, Avalanche Noise, Noise Models of Semiconductor
Devices, in BJTs, Noise Modeling in PSpice
7.4 Op Amp Noise: Overall Input Spectral Density, Rms Output Noise, Signal-to Noise Ratio, Noise in CFAs,
Noise Filtering
7.5 Noise in Photodiode Amplifiers: Noise Filtering, T-Feedback Photodiode Amplifiers
7.6 Low-Noise Amplifiers: Differential Input-Pair Noise, Input-Pair Load Noise, Second-Stage Noise, UltralowNoise Op Amps
Problems
References
8 STABILITY: Chapter Highlights
8.1
The Stability Problem: Gain Margin, Phase Margin, An Illustrative Example, Peaking and Ringing as
Functions of the Phase Margin m, The Rate of Closure (ROC)
8.2
Phase and Gain Margin Measurements: Return-Ratio Analysis, Double-Injection techniques, SingleInjection Approximations, Feedthrough Considerations
8.3
Frequency Compensation of Op Amps: Dominant-Pole Compensation, Pole-Zero Compensation, Miller
Compensation, RHP Zero Control, Feedforward Compensation, Three Representative Examples
8.4
Op Amp Circuits with a Feedback Pole: The Differentiator, Stray Input-Capacitance Compensation,
Capacitive-Load Compensation, Other Sources of Instability
8.5
Input-Lag and Feedback-Lead Compensation: Input-Lag Compensation, Feedback-Lead Compensation
8.6
Stability of CFA Circuits: Effect of Feedback Capacitance, Stray Input-Capacitance Compensation
8.7
Composite Amplifiers: Increasing the Loop Gain, Optimizing dc and ac Characteristics, Improving Phase
Accuracy
Problems
References
9 NONLINEAR CIRCUITS: Chapter Highlights
9.1
Voltage Comparators: The Response Time, The Op Amp as a Voltage Comparator, General-Purpose IC
Comparators, High-Speed Comparators, SPICE Simulation of Comparators
9.2
Comparator Applications: Level Detectors, On-Off Control, Window Detectors, Bar Graph Meters, PulseWidth Modulation
9.3
Schmitt Triggers: Inverting Schmitt Trigger, Noninverting Schmitt Trigger, VTC Offsetting, Eliminating
Comparator Chatter, Hysteresis in On-Off Controllers
9.4
Precision Rectifiers: Half-Wave Rectifiers, Full-Wave Rectifiers, Ac-dc Converters
9.5
Analog Switches: JFET Switches, MOSFET Switches
9.6
Peak Detectors: Voltage Droop and Sagback, Speed Limitations
9.7
Sample-and-Hold Circuits: THA Performance Parameters
Problems
References
10 SIGNAL GENERATORS: Sinusoidal Oscillators, Relaxation Oscillators, Chapter Highlights
10.1
Sine Wave Generators: Basic Wien-Bridge Oscillator, Automatic Amplitude Control, Practical
Considerations, Quadrature Oscillators
10.2
Multivibrators: Basic Free-Running Multivibrator, Free-Running Multivibrator Using CMOS Gates, CMOS
Crystal Oscillator, Monostable Multivibrator
10.3
Monolithic Timers: The 555 Timer, The 555 as an Astable Multivibrator, The 555 as a Monostable
Multivibrator, Voltage Control, Time/Counter Circuits
10.4
Triangular Wave Generators: Slope Control, Voltage-Controlled Oscillator, Triangular-to-Sine Wave
Conversion

10.5
10.6
10.7

Sawtooth Wave Generators: Practical Considerations

Monolithic Waveform Generators: Grounded-Capacitor VCOs, The ICL8038 Waveform Generator, Basic
8038 Applications, Emitter-Coupled VCOs, The XR-2206 Function Generator
V-F and F-V Converters: Wide-Sweep Multivibrator VFCs, Charge-Balancing VFCs, Frequency-toVoltage Conversion.
Problems
References

11 VOLTAGE REFERENCES AND REGULATORS: Chapter Highlights

11.1
Performance Specifications: Line and Load Regulation, Thermal Coefficient, Illustrative Examples,
Dropout Voltage, Start-up Circuitry
11.2
Voltage References: Thermally-Compensated Zener Diode References, Bandgap Voltage References,
Monolithic Temperature Sensors
11.3
Voltage-Reference Applications: Current Sources, Temperature-Sensor Applications
11.4
Linear Regulators: Protections, Efficiency, Monolithic Voltage Regulators, Low-Dropout (LDO) Regulators
11.5
Linear-Regulator Applications: Power Sources, Thermal Considerations, Power-Supply Supervisory
Circuits, OV/UV Sensing and Line-Loss Detection
11.6
Switching Regulators: Basic Topologies, Coil Selection, Capacitor Selection, Efficiency
11.7
The Error Amplifier
11.8
Voltage Mode Control: Error Amplifier design
11.9
Peak Current Mode Control: PCMC for the Buck Converter, Slope Compensation, The Control-to-Output
Transfer Function, Simplified AC Equivalent, Error Amplifier Design
11.10 PCMC of Boost Converters: The Right-Half-Plane Zero (RHPZ), The Control-to-Output Transfer Function
Problems
References
12 D-A AND A-D CONVERTERS: Chapter Highlights
12.1
Performance Specifications: D-A Converters (DACs), DAC Specifications, A-D Converters (ADCs), ADC
Specifications
12.2
D-A Conversion Techniques: Weighted-Resistor DACs, Weighted-Capacitor DACs, Potentiometric DACs,
R-2R Ladders, Current-Mode R-2R Ladder, Voltage-Mode R-2R Ladder, Bipolar DACs, Master-Slave DACs,
Current-Driven R-2R Ladder, Segmentation, Voltage-Mode Segmentation, Current-Mode Segmentation
12.3
Multiplying DAC Applications: MDAC Applications
12.4
A-D Conversion Techniques: DAC-Based A-D Conversion, Successive-Approximation Converters (SA
ADCs), Charge-Redistribution Converters (CR ADCs), Flash Converters, Subranging Converters, Pipelined
Converters, Integrating-Type Converters
12.5
Oversampling Converters: Nyquist-Rate Sampling, Oversampling, Noise Shaping and - Converters
Problems
References
13 NONLINEAR AMPLIFIERS AND PHASE-LOCKED LOOPS: Chapter Highlights
13.1
Log/Antilog Amplifiers: The Transdiode Configuration, Stability Considerations, Practical Log/Antilog
Circuits, True rms-to-dc Converters
13.2
Analog Multipliers: Variable-Transconductance Multipliers, Multiplier Applications
13.3
Operational Transconductance Amplifiers: gm-C Filters, Off-the-Shelf OTAs, Applications with Off-theShelf OTAs
13.4
Phase-Locked Loops: Lock and Capture, The PLL in the Locked Condition, First-Order Loop, SecondOrder Loops, Damping Characteristics, Filter Design Criteria
13.5
Monolithic PLLs: The 74HC(T)4046A CMOS PLL, The VCO, The Type I Phase Comparator, The Type III
Phase Comparator, The Type II Phase Comparator, Designing with PLLs
Problems
References
Index

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