Chapter 2

S i m p l i f i c a t i o n
Rule 1
2.
Simplify: i 0 - | < 5 - ( 7 - ( 6 - 8 - 5 )
a)8
of Simplification:
(T) In simplifying an expression, first of all vinculum or
bar must be removed. For example: we know that -8-
b)6
a) 5
4.
c
Simplify: -> of
5 ' 25
1
5
29
b)
' 9
b)2
8
14
28
c)
'9
d)
Simplify: 2-[2-{2-2^2}|
c)0
b)2
d)l
(9.0-4.5 + x)\\= 0 , the

c)4.5
d) none
10. The value of 4 - [s - ^6 - (5 - 4^3)}] is

1
7-12
7~
42
5
~ ~42
a) 4
c)0
b)l
b)l-
c)
8l+J5-(7-6-4|
c)l
d)3
d)5
11. I f x = 4, y = 3, then the value o f x+(y + x-l)
12. Simplify:
a) I
7 3 4
I " + x
8 4 6
a)
1
Simplify: 10
2
d)
d)8
c)6
value of x is
a) 9
b)0
Exercise
1.
b)4
9. The value o f 4.5 - [4.5 +

1
= l * ~ of 14 +
= 1+6+
Y4
a) 3
25
d) 16
C)
29
a) T
8
8.
14
53
53
a)5
14
_7__14
1-=-- of (6 + 8 x l ) +
= 1*- of (6 + 8)+
17
5 .2
+of
3 6
5
c)14
Solve: 4 - [ 6 - { l 2 - ( 5 - 4 - 3 ) } J
1^_7__I3 _8_
5 ' 25
24
a)
Solve:
f (6 + 8x3-2)+
24
b) 15
d)7
Simplify: 240 -s-10(2 + {7 x 3 + 2(75 - 4 x 13+12+6
Simplify:
0
45
a) 13
Illnstrative Example
I*-
c)8
b)9
1
Ec
d) 10
Simplify: 18 + 1 0 - 4 + 32+(4 + 1 0 + 2 - l )
10 = -18but, - 8 - 1 0 = - ( - 2 ) = 2
( i ) After removing the bar, the brackets must be removed,
- ." ; in the order ( ) , { } and [].
i f After removing the brackets, we must use the following operations strictly in the order given below, (a) of
(b) division (c) multiplication (d) addition and (e) subtraction
Note: The rule is also known as the rule o f
\"BODMAS' where V, B, O, D, M , A and S stand for
Vinculum, Bracket, Of, Division, Multiplication, Addition and Subtraction respectively.
c)7
1 2
I J5_( _4-2|
+
d)
is
PRACTICE BOOK ON QUICKER MATHS
16
a) 3
b)4
c)6
d)8
Exercise
13. 2 + J2 + 2J2-(2-3^2)+ 3-(2-3)}-{3(2-3^2)}]=?

a) 3
b)-3
c)8
b)l
2.
a) 1014049 b) 1104409 c) 1014409 d) 110409

0.75 x 0.75 + 025 x 0.75 " 2 + 0.25 x 0.25 = ?
d)5
a)l
b)2
C )
6-[6-{6-(6-6^3)}]=?
a) 3
Find the value of (l007f
d)-4
14. l - [ 8 + {l5-(6-2-20)})=?
a)0
b)4
c)2
15.
1.
c)6
3.
d) 10
d)
Find the value of

0.2809 + 0.2209 + 0.94x0.53
16.
20
+ 6 3 2
a)0
17.
0.23 x 0.23 + 0.23 x 1.54 + 0.77 x 0.77
1 1
4.
c)
-<-
d)
10
5.
20
Answers
= 9
a)l
b)0.5
c)0.75
d)0.25
1.5 x 1.5 + 0.25 +1.5 + 0.0625 + 0.75 x 0.75 +1.5 x 0.25 = ?
a)4
b)2
c)5
d) 1
Find the value of3.75 x 3.75 + 0.0625 + 0.5 x 3.75.
a) 4
b) 16
c)l
d)9
la;
4~4
Hint: (l007) =(l000 + 7 ) = ( l 0 0 0 ) + ( 7 ) +2x1000x7

2
1
a )
18.
a)0
19.
c)l
b).
d)0
2. a
1 1 1
+
2 2 2
5.b
Rule 3
= 9
Application of the formula, (a-bf

c)
= a +b - lab
2
Ex:
Simplify the following

1.66 x 1.66+0.66 x 0.66 -1.32 x 1.66
Soln: We have the expression
1.66 x 1.66 + 0.66 x 0.66 -1.32 x 1.66
11 l - [ l 1 l - { l 1 l x ( l 11 + 11 l x l l l)}]= ?
b)l
c)-lll
d) 111
Answers
l.c
8. c
15.a
= 1014049
4. c
Illustrative Example
b)l
a)0
3. a
= (1.66) +(0.66) -2x0.66x1.66

2
2.a
9.b
16.a
3.d
10. c
17.d
4.c
11.c
18.a
5. a
12. a
19. a
6.c
13. c
7.b
14. c
Now, applying the above formula,

= (1.66-0.66) = ( l ) =1
2
.-. Answer = 1
Rule 2
Application of the formula, (a + b) = a +b + 2ab
2
Exercise
1.
Ex:
Simplify
0.46 x 0.46 + 0.54 x 0.54 + 0.92 x 0.54
Soln: We have the expression
0.46 x 0.46 + 0.54 x 0.54 + 0.92 x 0.54
2.
3.
Find the value of3.75 x 3.75 + 0.75 x 0.75 - 0.75 x 7.5

a)3
b)2
c)4
d)9
2.66 x 2.66 + 0.66 x 0.66-0.66 x 5.32 = ?
a)9
b)4
c)16
d) 1
Find the value of
2.32 x 2.32 -4.64 x 0.32 + 0.1024

11.9025 + 0.45 x 0.45 - 0.9 x 3.45
(0.46) + (0.54) + 2. x 0.46 x 0.54

2
b)l
I f we suppose a = 0.46 and b = 0.54, then

= a +b
2
+2ab = (a + bf
=(0.46 + 0.54) = (1.00) =l

2
.-. Answer = 1.
4.
c)0
4
d)
Find the value of

6.36x6.36 + 2.36x2.36-4.72x6.36
3.36x3.36 + 0.64x0.64 + 1.28x3.36
a) 16
b)9
c)l
d)4
17
Simplification
1.43 x 1.43+ 0.43x0.43-0.86 x 1.43=?

b)l
c)2
d)4
1.44x0.04-0.8x1.2 = ?
a)l
b)2
c)0.24
d)0.4
Find the value of
4.
a)0
6.
7.
b) 16250
(l64) +(64)
2
a) 16
b) 4
9.
b)l
c)2
l.b
d) 1.5
2.b
3.a
4.c
0.527 x 0.527 - 2 x 0.527 x 0.495 + (0.495)
Ex:

(l4.5 + 6 . 2 3 ) - ( l 4 . 5 - 6 . 2 3 )
2
c) 0.052
, . Expression=
d) 0.042
4x14.5x6.23
_
"
1 4
5 x 6 - 2 3
6.a
7.d
(l 125+-143) - ( l 125-143)
2
'
a) 4
Rule 4
4x1125x143
b) 1
c) 0
(0.576 + 0.324) - (0.576 - 0.324) _

2
a)l
3.
Ex:

2[1.25x 1.25 + 0.25x0.25]
Soln: Applying the above formula, we have
b)4
c)3
d)2
Find the value o f (l 00 + 25) - (l 00 - 25)

2
a) 1000
b)100
c)40000
4.
2
Find the value of

a)4
d) 10000
(250 + 50) - ( 2 5 0 - 5 0 )
2
+(0.25) ]=(l.25 + 0.25) + ( l . 2 5 - 0 . 2 5 )
4x0.162x0.288
Application of the formula [a + bf +(a- bf = 2(a + b )

2
d) Can't be determined
2.
Exercise
Answers
l.d
2.b
3.d
4.c
5.b
8. b; Hint: 1 - 0.924 = 0.076 = 0.538 - 0.462
9. c
lO.a
(14.5 x 6.23)
Soln: Appliying the above formula, we have
a = 14.5, and b = 6.23
0.032
l\i.25)
5.a
Application of the formula, (a + bf - (a - bf = 4ab
- A.U
,
, 75983x75983-45983x45983
Find the value of
75983 + 45983
a) 40000
b) 49830
c) 30000
d) 35983
(Clerk's Grade 1991)
10. Find the value of
b) 0.023
Rule 5
a) 0.032
Answers
d)0.12
Simplify:
a)0
d)32500
c) 8
0.538x0.538-0.462x0.462
8.
c)325000
0.12
c)0.3
8xj(l64 + 64) + ( l 6 4 - 6 4 ) } _
5
b)0.2
a) 162500
0.47x0.47 + 0.35x0.35-2x0.47x0.35
a)0.1
(400 + 5 0 ) + ( 4 0 0 - 5 0 ) = ?
100x125
c)l
b)2
d)8
(6.25 + 5.25) +(6.25-5-0.25)

^
6.25x21
2
5.
= 2.25+1=3.25
a)l
Exercise
(63 + 36) + ( 6 3 - 3 6 )
2
63 +36
b)2
2
a)l
l.b
c)3
d)6
(ITIExam,83)
2
(0.64) +(0.46)
2
3.
b)2
c)4
2
b) 80.68
c)2
3.d
d)8
c)40
4.a
Application of the formula, (a + b) (a - b) = a
Ex:
d)8
2
d)80
5.a
Rule 6
Find the value of (5.3 + 3.5) + ( 5 . 3 - 3 . 5 )

a) 40.34
2.b
'
Find the value of

a)l
b)4
Answers
n
(0.46 + 0.64) +(0.18)

2
Find the value of
Simplify (5O - 4 0 ) = ?x 45
2
Soln: Suppose a = 50 and b = 40

and required number = x
Applying the above formula,
-b
18

(50 + 4 0 X 5 0 - 4 0 ) _ 90x10
x=
45
Soln: The above expression can be written as

= 20
(0.6) + (0.4) + 3 x 0.6 x 0.4(0.6 + 0.4)
45
Required answer = 20
Now, we suppose 0.6 = a and 0.4 = b and applying the

above formula, we have
Exercise
(l.73) -(0.27)
2
1.
Find the value of

a)l
(4.44) -(0.56)
2
2.
(0.6 + 0.4) = (lf
Exercise
c)4
1.
d)0.2
Find the value of0.7x 0.7 x 0.7 +0.3 x 0.3 x 0.3+ 6.3
a)l
b)3
c)4
d)2
0.6x0.6x0.6 + 0.4x0.4x0.4 + 0.4x0.6x3 _
b)5
c)3.88
3.
Find the value of (l 75) - (75)
4.
a) 25000
b) 20000
Find the value of
d)4
a)2
d) 50000
a)2
20
C )
d)
(2.8) -(l-2)
2
5.
Find the value of

a) 0.5
c)4
Find the value of
X
6
5.
a) 15
b)9
Find the value of
c)7
c)1.6
a)l
b)8
Find the value of
6.
d)0.4
a)l
c)27
8.
Simplify
b)6
3.b
4. a;
Hint:
5. c
6. d;
Hint: Let 1.25 = a, and 0.75 = b, then the given expres-
12x12x12 + 3 x 3 x 3 + 3x3x12(12 + 3)
12x12 + 3x3 + 72
sion
3
b)0.49
c)0.01
(RRB Exam, 1991)

d)0.1
+3axb
+b
= a +3a b + 3ab + b
3
= (a + 6) = (l .25 + 0.75) = (2) = 8

3
Answers
Rule 8
2.c
3. a
4.b
5.d
6. a
7. a
Application of the formula,

(a-bf
Rule 7
2
-b
a -b -3ab{a-b)
3
{a + bf = a +3a b+3ab
3
= a -3a b + 3ab
=
Application of the formula,

2
+ b = a +b + 3ab(a + b)
3
Ex:
d)8
2.b
= a +3bxa
l.b
8.c
c)2
l.a
0.25x0.25-0.24x0.24 '
=?
a) 0.0006
Answers
0.704-0.296
b)2
c)0
a)l
d)64
a)4
=
b)0
c)2
0.704 x 0.704 - 0.296 x 0.296
S i m p U f y
d) 12
(1.25) +2.25x(l.25) +3.75x(0.75) +(0.75)
= 9
1.4x 1.4x1.4+ 3 x l . 4 x l . 4 x 1.6 + 3 x l . 4 x l . 6 x l . 6 + (l.6)
7 7
4 3
7 7
d)0.5
225
= 9
2.8x2.8 + 1.2x1.2 + 5.6x1.2
b)0.25
d)4
12x12x12 + 27 + 108x15
4.
27
W
b)
b)l
= 9
2.35 x 2.35 + 0.35 x 0.35 - 0.7 x 2.35
27~
c)3
0.73 + 0.27
a)
b)l
0.73 x 0.73 x 0.73 + 0.27 x 0.27 x 0.27 + 0.81x0.73
c) 40000
(2.35) -(0.35)
0.6x0.6 + 0.4x0.4 + 0.48
a)3.28
=\
1.73-0.27
b)2
Simplify
0.6 x 0.6 x 0.6 + 0.4 x 0.4 x 0.4 + 0.72.
Ex:
Simplify
(7.6S) - 3 x 7.65 x 7.65 x 0.65 + 22.95 x (0.65) - (0.65)
3
7x7x7
19
Simplification
Exercise
Soln:
(l.65f - 3 x 7.65 x 7.65 x 0.65 + 22.95 x (0.65) - (0.65)
2
0.835x0.835x0.835+ 0.165x0.165x0.165
1.
7x7x7
Simplify
b)2
a)l
_ (7.65) - 3 x (7.65) x 0.65 + 3 x 7.65 x (p.65) - (0.65)
3
0.835x0.835-0.835x0.165 + 0.165x0.165
c)3
147x147x147 + 123x123x123
7x7x7
Find the value of
Now, applying the above formula,
147x147-147x123 + 123x123
b)270
a) 160
(7.65-0.65) _ f 7 V _
3.
" W
a) 0.08
4.
(4J5) x4.35 - 3 x(4.35) (0.35)+3x4.35x(0.35) -(0.35)

2
b)0.01
d)0.09
b)5
c)4
d)6
Find the value of (o.6) +(0.4) +3x0.6x0.4

3
a)l
b)2
c)1.5
d)0.5
885x885x885 + 115x115x115
(l.25) +(0.25) -0.5x1.25

2
a)l
6.
b) 1.5
Find the value of

a) 2000
1
b)-
( 3
6 ) 2
1.75x1.75+1.25x1.25-1.75x1.25
a)l
(l.7) -(0.7) -3x0.7x1.7

_
3
Find the value of
b)2
0.125 + 0.027
8.
1
b)l
1
d ) ^
c)y
a)0.4
c)3
d)4
c)0.8
d)0.5
.= 9
(0.5) -0.15 + (0.3)

2
1
a)y
c)1000
d)800
[Clerk's Grade Exam, 19911
1.75x1.75x1.75+ 1.25x1.25x1.25
7.
1
d)y
c)-r
b)100
2.4x2.4x2.4 + 1.6x1.6x1.6 + 4.8x2.4x4

a)l
885x885 + 115x115-885x115
d)4
c)2
1.33xl.33xl.33-0.33x0.33x0.33-3x0.33xl.33 _
c)0.02
6.431 x 6.431 - 6.431 x 0.569 + 0.569 x 0.569
(1.25) -(0.25) -0.75xl.25 _

2
0.08 x 0.08 - 0.08 x 0.01 + 0.01 x 0.01
Find the value of
a)7
b)2
d)4
a)l
c)3
d) 130
6.431 x 6.431 x 6.431 + 0.569 x 0.569 x 0.569

3
16
Find the value of
Exercise
1. Find the value of
2
c)140
0.08x0.08x0.08 + 0.01x0.01x0.01
d)0.5
b) 0.7
(0.623) +(0.377)
3
Answers
l.d
2.a
Simplify:
3.d
4.c
a)l
Rule 9
Application of the formula, a +b
3
= {a + bia
-ab + b )
10.
0.25 + 0.16-0.2
(0.5) +(0.4)
Soln: The above expression = ( . ) 2 ( . ) * _ ( . x 0 . 4 )
3
b) 1.1
5.7x5.7 + 2.3x2.3-5.7x.23_
a)2.3
b)3.4
c)5.7
a +b
,
,
, Here a = 0.5 andb = 0.4
a +b -ab
.-. Required answer = 0.5 + 0.4 = 0.9
3
c)2
d) 1.5
[Hotel Management Exam, 1991]
Applying the above formula,
{a + b)=
d)0.5
[LIC Exam, 1991]
5.7x5.7x5.7 + 2.3x2.3x2.3^1 _
11.
c)2
0.5x0.5-0.3 + 0.6x0.6
a)l
0.125 + 0.064
Find the value of
b)0
0.5xQ.5x0.5 + 0.6x0.6x0.6 _
BE
(0.623) -(0.623 x 0.377)+(0.377)
d)8.0
[CBI Exam, 1990]
(0.87) +(0.13)
3
12. The simplification of
(0.87) +(0.13) -(0.87X0.13)

yields the result:
a) 0.13
b)0.75
c) 1
d)0.87
[I. Tax & Central Excise Exam. 1988!
2
20

0.86x0.86x0.86-0.14x0.14x0.14
1.04 x 1.04 +1.04 x 0.04 + 0.04 x 0.04

13.
6.
1.04 x 1.04 x 1.04 - 0.04 x 0.04 x 0.04

a) 0.001
a)l
c)l
d)0.01
[Assistant Grade Exam, 1987]
b)0.1
Find the value of
3.d
lO.b
2.b
9. a
4. a
11.d
5.a
12.c
6.c
13.c
7.c
l.a
2
2.b
(3.254) -(0.746)
3
a -b
a.
(iv)
b)
(v) a +b~"
a)
=a xb
Illustrative Examples
= 3.254-0.746=2.508
a +b +ab
_4
.-. Required answer = 2.508
Ex.1:
Find the value of
Exercise
0.89 x 0.89 + 0.89 x 0.64 + 0.64 x 0.64
b)0.35
c)0.64
Pi
216
27
Soln: Applying the above fomula (iii), we have
0.89 x 0.89 x 0.89 - 0.64 x 0.64 x 0.64

a) 0.25
7.b
b_\n
(iii)
Now, we suppos a = 3.254 and

b=0.746
Applying the above formula, we have
1.
6.b
00 a"
(3.254) +(0.746) +(3.254x0.746)
Simplify:
5.d
(0 a"
Soln: The above expression can be written as
4.b
Application of the formulae
3.254 x 3.254 + 0.746 x 0.746 + 3.254 + 0.746
d) 1.53
Rule 11
3.254 x 3.254 x 3.254 - 0.746 x 0.746 x 0.746
(a-b)=-
c)0.93
3.b
Find the value of
d) 1.2
Answers
Ex:
b)0.25
={a- bj[a + ab + b )
c)1.7
0.89 x 0.89 + 0.89 x 0.64 + 0.64 x 0.64,
a) 2.5
Rule 10
Application of the formula, a -b
b)0.72
0.89 x 0.89 x 0.89 - 0.64 x 0.64 x 0.64'
Answers
l.a
8.c
0.86x0.86 + 0.86x0.14 + 0.14x0.14
f216^
'27^
d)0.32
-4'f"4't
(2.3) -0.27
3
2.
Simplify:
6 +3
(2.3) +0.69 + 0.09
3.
c)l
a) 3
b)2
Find the value of
6x6
4
3x3x3x3
Ex. 2: Find the value of 8
0.7541 x 0.7541 x 0.7541 - 0.2459 x 0.2459 x 0.2459
5/3
+ (l 25)~I
Soln: Applying the above formula (v) we have,
0.7541x 0.7541 + 0.7541 x 0.2459 + 0.2459x 0.2459

a) 0.2409
b) 0.5082
c) 0.5802
d) 0.5820
1.75x1.75x1.75-1.953125
4.
5.
Find the value of

a)l
Find
1.75xl.75 + 2.1875 + (l.25)
b)0.5
the
c)1.5
Ex.3:
- (l 25)"J = (2 J3 x (l 25f' = 32 x 25 = 800

3
Simplify (243)
12
x(243)
d)0.3
of
(243)
012
x(243)
4.645 x 4.645 x 4.645 - 2.345 x 2.345 x 2.345 x 2.345
08
=(243f
a) 3.2
b)2.5
c)5.2
d)2.3
2 + 0 0 8
= (243)P=(3 )i=3
(4.645) +(2.345) +(4.645x2.345)

2
08
Soln: Applying the above formula (1), we have
value
5/3
Ex. 4: Find the value
4)
21
Simplification
Answers
Soln: Applying the above formula (v), we have
l.c
- - L f
V 216;
2. a
3.b
4.b
=(-216)1 = [ ( - 6 ) ] t = ( - 6 ) =36
3
5.a
6.d
7.d
Rule 12
For any positive integer 'n' and a positive rational number

Ex. 5: Find the value of ( - 2) " ~
(
2)<
2>
v , ( ^ ) r
Soln: Applying the above formula (v), we have
( 2)<+
Ex. 1: Simplify the following:
= (4) =16
2
(i) ( V5 )
3
Ex. 6: Find the value of (343) -r(343)

2
Soln: ( i ) ( V 5 ) = 5
3
(ii) 3 / " = V 4 = 4
64
4/3
4/3
Sofai: Applying the above formula (ii), we have

(343) +(343)
Oi) V64
Ex. 2: Find the value of x in each of the following:
= ( 3 4 3 ) - f = (343)1
2
(i) v 4x-7-5 = 0
3
= faf^ = 7
(ii) V3JC+.1 = 2
=49
Soln: ( i )
V4x-7-5 = 0
Exercise
1.
Find the value of (243) - (243)

8
i 49
T ^
b)25
=> V4JC-7 = 5 => ( V 4 * - 7 ) = 5

3
=> 4 x - 7 = 1 2 5
d) 16
[BSRB PO 1988]
c)9
.[.(Hja) = a]
n
=> x = 33
) ^ = ?
(ii)'V3x+l = 2
=> (H3x^\) =2
4
a )
b)
c)
=> 3 x + l = 16
=> 3 x = 15
3,
5^T
Find the value of ^ -
f V
3
/ 2
b)
3
Find the value of
d)
c)
a )
3 V5
1.
Find the value of x in the following. \J3x-8 - 4 = 0

a) 12
r
5.
Find the value of

a)-7
d)9
c)
3.
343 J
4.
c)49
b)7
d)3
16
d)7
b)12
c)25
d)20
b)3
c)9
d)6
Find the value of x, i f \J\5x + 5 = 5

a) 208
5.
Find the value of [ 8 x 5 1 2 ^
c)36
Find the value of V2401

a) 7
i *\
b)24
I f t]4x + l - 3 = 0- Find the value of x.

a) 16
b)81
Exercise
2
a)3
[.(Va) = o ]
=> x = 5
5j
4
b)225
c)220
d)120
c)9
d) 13
Find the value of ^59049

a) 7
b)17
Answers
a)4
b)8
d )
l.b
4~
2.d
3.a
4.a
5.c
Rule 13
7. Find the value of (526)? * (526)~i
If'n'is a positive integer and 'a', 'b' are rational numbers,

)(526f
b)(526f
c) (526)
d) (526)
8/3
then <fc ?Jb =Vab
22
Ex.:
Exercise
Simplify each of the following

V27
(0 V3.V4"
1.
Find the value of -
(ii) Vl28
3
Soln: (i) V J . V i " = lj3x~4
= V\2
2.
b)
>9
Find the value of
(ii) Vl28 = V 6 4 x 2 =Vo4 ^ 2

= V 4 . V2 = 4 V2
3.
Exercise
3
b)4
c)3
b)5
d)7
Vl25
Vl6
c)4
d)l
c)3
d)4
c)6
d)5
^55296
d) Can't be simplified
Find the value of lfj \J4~9
Find the value of
b)4
c)5
a)l
d)7
b)9
c)6
d)5
b)3
c)l
Find the value of 4/121

a) 12
d)4
if[21
b)21
2.d
'
Vl452
c)19
3.b
Vl552
b)3
Answers
l.c
2.a
3.d
55296
d) 11
Answers
l.a
V41904
a)2
Vl6xV4=?
a)2V2
b)2
Vl1616
v^TxV729=?
a)7
5.
c)3
Find the value of \J36 x \J216 x

a)2
Simplify: ->/5x V25
a)3
4.
Vl296
Vl728 V625
4.
3-
V243
a) 5
2.
^6567
[Usinglst Law ^4*" = 41
1.
V32
b)2
a)l
>3
4. a
4. b; Hint: -55296
p ^ - = 32
,1
5 ^ = ( *)? =
2
11616
41904
5. c; Hint:
=8.
= 27
1452
1552
m
5.d
Rule 14
If'n'is a positive integer and 'a', 'b' are rational numbers,
l/a"
fa"
If'm', 'n' are positive integers and 'a'is a positive rational

number, then 'qifo - ""/a" =
Ex.:
Simplify each of the following:

4
Simplify each of the following
(0 vW
OOvW
(ii)
27
Soln: ( i )
Ex.:
Rule 15
Soln: 0 ) ^
( i i ) M = V5
2
Exercise
27
1.
Find the value o f tftfi
2.
Find the value of ^^256
J3888
3.
Find the value of ^ / 2 4 3
M 48
Answers
i/^f
V2 "
3
3/^"
v 3888
/
0 0
" W
= 4
aI = a
1- ^3xS
l
2.2
3. V J
23
Simplification
Rule 16
If'm ', 'n' are positive integers and 'a' is positive rational
number, then "Ma")"'
=rfa~*=
Soln: The orders of the given surds are 2 and 4 respectively. L C M of 2 and 4 is 4. So, we convert each surd
into a surd of order 4.
{a^
Now, J3=ij3 ~
= $j9.
EJL:
[: "Va" a]
Simplify: y * / ( 2 )
3
Clearly, 10 > 9
.-. VTo >V9
Soln: Using the above property, we have

Ex.3:
( 2 T =V2
^>VTo>V3
Which is greater 3/6 or
Soln: The orders of the given surds are 3 and 4 respectively. LCM of 3 and 4 is 12. So, we convert each surd
into a surd of order 12.
Exercise
Simplify: f ^ f
xf^J
Now, 3/6 = / 6 = /l296

12
4/s?
Simplify:
,2
and, V8 = '^S " = - /512
iftffj
, 2
Clearly, 1296> 512

3.
Find the value of ^ ( n ] f
.-.
^/l296 > /572

12
=> v6> V8
3
j ^1/2
Ex. 4: Which is greater I
4.
Find the value of
5.
Find the value of
/\l/3
or
Soln: The orders of the given surds are 2 and 3 respectively. LCM of 2 and 3 is 6. So, we convert each surd
into a surd of order 6 as given below.
^(p\}
&
Answers
K2J
1.3; Hint: ^ ) * = ând
^/(
2. V25
4.13
3 2
)f =
=6
3.
5.3
4 1
Now, - > -
Rule 17
'9 '
[ v 4 x 8 > 9 x 1]
Comparison of Surds of Distinct Orders

J
Ex.1:
Which surd is larger V3
or ^5 ?
Soln: The orders of the given surds are 3 and 4 respectively.

Now, LCM of3 and 4 =12.
So, we convert each surd into a surd of order 12.
Now,
3/3 = 1
Exercise
1.
^ = #81
1
V9
12
1 2
V8
Arrange the following surds in ascending order of magnitude:

(i) V 3 , ^ 7 , ^ 4 8
(ii) V5, VlT,2 V3
(iioVe, V2, V4
(iv) VJ, \l9, Vl05
2.
and V5 = ' v ^ = /l25

4
61 >6(_
Arrange the following surds in descending order of magnitude:
Clearly, 125 > 81

(ii) ^, ^,^
3
.-.
Ex.2:
,2
/l25 > /8T =>

,2
t/5> 73.
Which is greater ^3 or i/\Q .
(iii) ^, ^,^
4
(iv)
Vi, SM
6
24

each one of the given surds into a surd of order 12.
Answers
1.
(i) The given surds are 73 , %pj, 1^48 . The orders of
Now, 4/3 7 3
= I
these surds are 4, 6 and 12 respectively. LCM of 4, 6

and 12 is 12. So, we convert each surd into a surd of
order 12. We have,
V3 = ^
= '727 , V7 =
Tio = îo ='Tioo

7
Clearly, '72T is a surd of order 12.

Since, 100 > 27 > 25. Therefore,
= ^49
'TlOO >'727 >'725 => 7 l O > V 3 > 7 2 5

,
and '748~ is a surd of order 12.
(ii) The given surds are of orders 3,4 and 2 respectively.

The L.C.M. of 3,4,2 is 12. So, we shall convert each of
the given surds into a surd of order 12.
Since 27 < 48 < 49. Therefore,

'#27 < '#48 < '#49 => V3 < '#48 <77
Now, 374-
(ii) The given surds are 75, VTT, 2^3 . These surds are
of orders 2, 3 and 6 respectively. L C M of 2,3,6 is 6.
So, we convert each surd into a surd of order 6 as
shown below.
4/J = 17^ = , 2 ^
Since 729 > 256 > 125. Therefore,

'7729 > '7256 > '7L25 => 7 3 > 7 4 > V 5 (iii) The given surds are of orders 4,3 and 2 respectively.
The L.C.M. of 4, 3 and 2 is 12. So, we convert each
surd into a surd of order 12.
Vn = ^ / n " = 7 2 i ,
2
174T i ^ g
and, 73 = ' v 3 = 7729
75 = A / 5 = VT25,
T
= '727,
and 2^3 = 7 3 x 2 = Vl92

6
= '7l000>
Now, Tfo =
Since 12K125 < 192.

76 = ' ^ = '71296
.-. vT2T<$/l2l<7T9T => ViT<v 5<2V3 .

/
and, 73 = ^ 3 = 7729>
(iii) The given surds are 7 6 , # 2 , 74 . The orders of these
Since 1296 > 1000 > 729
surds are 4,2 and 3 respectively. L C M of 4,2 and 3 is

12. So, we convert each surd into a surd of order 12.
'TTooo > '7729
.-. '71296 >
=> 76>
VTo > 73
(iv) The given surds are of orders 3,6 and 9 respectively.

The L.C.M. of 3, 6 and 9 is 18. So, we convert each
surd into a surd of order 18.
Now, V 6 = ' v ^ = ' v ^ T o \

V 2 = ' v 2 = 7o4
,
NOW,
72 :
: '764 ,
and, V 4 = v 4 = 7256
3
7 3 = ' v 3 = v 27 and,. V ?
Since 64 < 216 < 256
= = ' # 6
Since, 64 > 27 > 16. Therefore,
.-. # 6 4 < '7216 < '7256 => 72 <t/6< 4 .

3v/
'764 >'727 > '7l6 => 72 > 7 3 > 7 3 > 7 4 .
(iv) The given surds are 75, 7 9 , A/105 The orders of

these surds are 2,3 and 6 respectively. LCM of 2,3,6
is 6. So, we convert each surd into a surd of order 6.
Rule 18
Now, 7 J = 7 5 = 7 l 2 5 ,
jx-ijx-
...OO and
.x=( + 1), then the value of expression is given by''.
and 7i05 is a surd of order 6.
Ex:
Since 81< 105 < 125
Find the value of
/20-V20-720 .
7
.-.
2.
v ^ = 7 i b l = 7i2l ^ 79 < 7To5<75.

6
(i) The given surds are of orders 4,6 and 12 respectively.

The LCM of 4, 6 and 12 is 12. So, we shall convert
Soln: Detail Method:

Let the given expression = x
i . . ^Q~^T^~Z
e
Simplification
or, x- =20-V20-V20-V20 ....oo = 2 0 - x
.-. x =20 + 720 + 720 + ... =20+x
or, x + x - 2 0 = 0
or,
or. x + 5 x - 4 x - 2 0 = 0
or.x(x + 5 ) - 4 ( x + 5) = 0
.-. x = 4 and -5, we neglect the -ve value of x
.-. Required answer = 4
Quicker Method: Applying the above theorem, we
havex = 20 = 4 x 5
.-. required answer = 4
Note: To find x = n(n + 1), factorize x and get the required
numbers. As for example,
2 20
2 10
5 = 4x5
- 0-x=0
2
or, x - 5 x + 4 x - 2 0 = 0
or,x(x-5) + 4 ( x - 5 ) = 0
.-. x = 5or,-4
We neglect the -ve value .-. required answer = 5
Quicker Method: Applying the above theorem,
wehavex = 20 = 4 x 5
.-. Required answer = 5
2
Exercise
Find the value of ^30 + 730 + 730 + ....00
1.
c)3
a) 5
b)6
Find the value of
d)4
Exercise
1- ^ 6 a)2
7 n o + V n o + V i i o + -.co
16 ...oo
c)0
b)3
2- ^12-- J l 2 - - V l 2 - . ..oo = ?
c)2
b)4
a)3
3
a)l
b)2
b)4
d)5
c)5
d)3
4.
Find the value of ^42 - \J42 - 742 - ....00
5.
a)6
b)7
Find the value of
c)8
6 )
Find the value of ^210+-^210 + 7210+...00
4.
a) 15
b)16
Find the value of
a)ll
Answers
l.a
2. a
b) 12
c)14
3.c
4. a
5.c
Rule 19
a)20
b)19
3.a
c)18
4.c
Soln: Detail Method:

Let the 72O + V2O + 720+... = .
5.a
To Simplify a Continued Fraction:
Fractions of the form
2+3+
are called continued
1
1
4+
above expression is given by (n +1).
1/2O + V2O + V2O+...00
d) 17
Rule 20
If -jx + ylx + Vx+~...oo and x = n(n +1), then the value of
Ex:
Find the value of
d) 14
Find the value of ^380 + ^380 + 7380 + ...00
5.
d) 18
6. a
c) 12
^42 + ^42 + 742 + ...00 x -^42-742-^/42 ...00

J V
c) 42
a) 48
b)40
Answers
l.b
2.d
/ l 3 2 - V l 3 2 - V 3 2 ...00 = ?
3.
d)9
- ^20-720-720^...00^
/ A
>
_ cc)2
)2
^12-^12-jvi^
^
a) 8
b)4
c)0
Find the value of ^30-^30-4^0^...00

a) 6
6-
^ 5 0 6 - ^ 5 0 6 - 7 5 0 6 - ....00
d)l
fractions.
(1
1
3
A continued fraction
i
is also written as
J. It is necessary that the sign '+' should be

written in the denominator.
To simplify a continued fraction, begin at the bottom an

work upwards. Following example will illustrate our poo*
26
Illustrative E x a m p l e
Ex:
2 - ^
Simplify 3 +-
7
4+6+
"
2+
Exercise
Simplify the following fractions:
Soln:
3+-
= 3+-
= 3+-
7
4+6+-
4+
10
1.
13
31
4.
plex fraction namely

6+
V
Multiply the numera-
7+
11
5. 5 + 6+6+-
5+1
6+
9
3.
1--
Process: Begin at the bottom. First take up the lowest com-
6+
13
=3 ^
=3î204
204
2 . - V
3+-
7+
3--JL
2--
10
J_ _ L I
7. 4 +
4+ 1+ 2
2,
10
13 to a continued fraction.
8. Convert
tor and denominator by 2 and we get . Next multiply the numerator and denominator of the fraction
4+
13
by 13, and we get . Then multiply the
10
13;
Answers
l.
4.
31
2.
222
55
5. 5
284
3.1
12
81
43
227
6.
496
(
numerator and denominator of
1
by 31,and
7-H
7.4
3
14
3+1+2+ 4
31
31
we get
. Hence the fraction is reduced to 3 +
31
204
or 3
31
Fractions
204
Note: We may convert a fraction to a continued fraction,

with unity as numerators and all the signs positive.
The following example will illustrate the process.
Ex:
17
Convert to a continued fraction.
Rule 21
Theorem: If a man spends ~
food, ~
part of the total salary on
part of the total salary on entertainment,
yi
17
17
2+
17
2+-V
17
1
2+-
1
+
'
part of the total salary on clothing, and so on. After these

expenditures, he is left with a balance amount ofRs B, then
Balance Amount
X-t
X\
+ + ~
y\
yi
+ ...
x Total Amount
Simplification
27
Proof: Here, the amount spent on each item is expressed as

a fraction of the total amount (or salary). So, spending on each item is not dependent on the expenditure
incurred on the other item. This type of activity is
known as independent activity.
Independent activities are always added.
.-. Total spent part
x Total Amount
y\
Find his salary.

a)Rs21500 b)Rs21000
2.
c)Rs31000
A man spent of his savings and still has Rs 1000 left

with him. What were his savings?
a)Rsl400
b)Rs2000
c)Rs 21000
3.
d)Rs24000
d)Rsl800
2
3
A man spends of his salary on food, of his salary
y*
1
on house rent and 7 of the salary on clothes. He still
o
has Rs 1,400 left with him. Find his salary.
a)Rs7000
b)Rs8400
c)Rs8000
d)Rs9800
.-. Balance Amount = Total Amount - Total Spent

Part
=> Total Amount X\ X-i
+
y\
yi
- + + y\
v
x Total Amount
++...
4.
2,000. What were his initial saving?

a)Rs,5000
b)Rs5500
c)Rs8500
x Total Amount
+...
A man spent 7 of his savings and was still left with Rs
d)Rs8000
In general, for independent activities,

:. Balance Amount
1_ f L + i l
Ui
yi
y-i
5.
Total Amount
6.
15. I f he is still left with of his total money, find the
1
1
A man spends of his salary on food, of his
EJL:
salary on house rent and of his salary on clothes.
total amount of money he had initially.

a)Rs30
b)Rs25
c)Rs35
7.
8.
- l
10
l
5
d)Rs40
1
The fuel indicator in a car shows th of the fuel tank as
full. When 22 more litres of fuel are poured into the tank,
the indicator rests as the three-fourth of the full mark.
Find the capacity of the fuel tank,
a) 50 litres b) 42 litres c) 40 litres d) 36 litres
He still has Rs 18000 left with him. Find his salary.

Soln: The expenditure incurred on each item is expressed
as part of the total amount (salary), so it is an independent activity.
Using the above theorem, we have
l - l l
5
^MVBai*^,
' - i c - w i n f c a 1 .
A man spends of his income on food and on rent
6
12
and rest he saves. I f he saves Rs 50, find his income.
a)Rs500
b)Rs600
c)Rs400
d)Rs800
A person went to the market and purchased a pen for Rs
1
A persons spends of his salary on entertainment,
x Total salary = Rs 18000

of his salary on purchasing books and of his sal8
4
ary on foods and clothing. I f his salary is Rs 16824, find
the balance amount with which he left.
a)Rs700
b)Rs7001
c)Rs7010
d)Rs710
1
x Total salary = Rs 18000
10
.-. Total salary = Rs 18000 x 10 = Rs 180000.
Exercise
I i i
9.
&
A man spends o f his salary on food, j of his salary

*i .
on house rent, of his salary on health and of his

salary on clothes. He still has Rs Rs 15500 left with him.
3
13
and part of a pole are respectively in mud and
water. I f the pole is 20 metres high, how much portion of

it will be above water and mud?
a)3m
b)5m
c)4m
d)6m
10. A man distributes 0.375 of his money to his wife and 0.4
to his son. He has still Rs 3,375 left with him. How much
28
initial money the man have? How much did his wife get?
a) Rs 16000, Rs 6525
b) Rs 25000, Rs 7525
c)Rs 15000, Rs 5625
d)Rs21000,Rs8575
1
11. A lamp post has half of its length in mud, - of its length
a) 423 sq km
c)419sqkm
b)421 sqkm
d)425 sqkm
Answers
1. b
3.c
2. a
3
6.b
5.b
4. a
in water and 3 m above the water. Find the total length
7. c; Hint: |
of the post.
a) 20 metres b) 25 metres c) 27 metres d) 21 metres
3
.-. tank capacity = 40 litres.

8. c
9. c
10. c; Hint: 1 -(0.375 + 0.04) x total money = balance money
or, (1 -0.775) x total money = 3375
12. When Jack travelled 25 km, he found that - of his journey was still left. What is the total journey to be covered
by Jack.
125
a) ~y km
3375
or, Total money = _
45
b) km
135
d) k m
c)62km
What is his income?

a)Rs6200
b)Rs7200
and walked the remaining 1 kilometre, how far did he go?

a)22km
b)20km
c)33km
d)27km
15. Of a certain dynasty of the kings were of the same
1 1
+ 2 3
= Rs 15000
x length of post
10 1
=> length of post = "V T
3 6
.:. share of the first son =
^ =20 metres.
i
1
(
! 12
5
0 2 ] ~ 12 ^
1
whole.
or, of the whole = 35 sqkm
.-. the whole land = 35^-x 12 = 423 sq km

4
17. A man carrying a cask full of milk to the market lost
Rule 22
of the milk due to leakage, he sold 7 litres and found
.,1
5
thus, he gave 35 sq km to the first, of the whole
4
12
to the second and to the third as much as to the first two
together. Find the whole land.
1
= of the whole
2
and 3 metres are above the surface, what is the length of

the post?
that half of the cask was still full of milk. Find how much
milk did the cask contain?
a) 18 litres b) 32 litres c) 16 litres d) 24 litres
18. A man divided a piece of land among his three sons
10
=
12. a
13. b
14. a
15.a
16.c
17.c
18. a; Hint: Since the sum of the shares of the first two sons
is equal to the share of the third, the share of the third
name, of another, of another, of a fourth, and

4
8
12
there were 5 besides. How many kings were there?
a) 24
b)28
c)16
d)48
2
3
16. of a post are imbedded in mud, are in the water,
d)Rs7270
2
17
14. A man travelled of his journey by coach, by rail
I =
3
c)Rs7280
.-. wife's share = 0.375 x total money = 0.375 x 15000

= Rs5625
11. a; Hint: In this problem, the portion above water is given.
Hence, equate amount (length) above water to the part
(fraction) above water.
ing, - in clothing and in charity, and saves Rs 3180.

o
10
1
13. A persons expends of his income for board and lodg-
Mates
J tank capacity = 22
Theorem: If a man spends

2
. part of the total salary on
food,
part of the remaining (rest) amount on entertain-
yi
ment, ^ part of the remaining (rest) amount on clothing
Amplification
29
mdno on. After these expenditures he has balance amount

if ta B. then,
M B U Amount (B)
X
1-
i<v
x Total Amount = Ba!2
ft)
ance Amount
i i i - *
1-^*
1
LI
1-.5C
x Total Amount
1-
Here spending on the second item (ie entertainment)

depends on the amount left after spending on the
first item (ie food). Similarly, spending on the third
a n (ie clothing) depends on the amount left (remaining l after spending on the first item and the second
i
n
+ * Total Income = Rs 1760
4 5
2 11
=> - x x Total Income = Rs 1760
.-. Total Income = Rs 4800
Exercise
Here, spending on each item (except the first item)

depends on the amount remaining, after spending on
the previous item. This type of activity is known as
dependent activity. Dependent activities are always
multiplied.
Hence, in general, for dependent activity.
Balance Amount
1.
An fin if i2.
1-Vl
3
,4
A man reads of a book on a day and of the remaino
5
der, on the second day. I f the number of pages still unread are 40, how many pages did the book contain?
a) 520
b)320 "
c)230
d)250
1
A man spends ~ of his income on food, of the rest on
x Total Amount
1 yi)
1
house rent and of the rest on clothes. He still has Rs
tive E x a m p l e s
1,760 left with him. Find his income.

a)Rs4500
b)Rs4600
c)Rs48^0
A man spends of his income on food, of the rest

3
4
3.
d)Rs4400
1
1
A man spends of his salary o i food and of the
on house rent and of the rest on clothes. He still
has Rs 1760 left with him. Find his income.

It is a problem on dependent activity. Hence using
the above method, we have
remaining on clothing and - of the remaining on enter-
=H>H>H
x Total Amount
=Rsl760
- Total Income = Rs 4400.
1
A man spends of his income on food, of the rest
1
tainment. He is still left with Rs 600. Find his salary.

a)Rs2100
4.
b)Rs2400
c)Rsl800
d)Rsl600
2
A man while returning from his factory, travels of the
distance by bus and of the rest, partly by car, and
partly by foot. I f he travels 2 km on foot, find the distance covered by him.
a)23km
b)26km
c)24km
d)30km
1
A boy after giving away - of his pocket-money to one
on house rent and on clothes. He still has Rs

1760 left with him. Find his income.
Here, of the rest amount (after spending on food),
1
B spent on house rent and is spent on clothes. So
ynriing
on these items are independent on each

r, but dependent on the expenditure incurred on
; first item. It is a problem both on dependent and
h >er.;er.t activities.
companion and of the remainder to another, has Rs

200 left. How much had he at first?
a)Rsl550
b)Rs750
c)Rsl500
d)Rsl750
At his first game a person loses of his money, at the
second - of the remainder, at the third of the rest;
30

what fraction of his original money has he left?
a)
7.
b)
25
25
c)
25
Ex. 1:
>2l
One-fifth of an estate is left to the eldest son, to the

6
250 cm of the pole is still in the mud. Find the full

length of the pole.
Soln: Using the above formula, we have
\.5
second and of the remainder to the third, how much
6
Total Amount
was left over?

17
8,
180
>T80
91
c)
29
d)
180
180
3
4
I read of a book on one day and of the remainder
8
5
on another day. If there now were 30 pages unread, how
many pages did the book contain?
a) 160 pages
b) 240 pages
c) 640 pages
d) 100 pages
9.
Part Remained
Length in mud
250
Part in mud
1_I
7
= 1050
.-. Length of pole = 1050 cm.

Ex. 2: After covering five-eighth of my j ourney, I find that I
have travelled 60 km. How much journey is left?
Soln: Using the above formula, we have,
Amount Remained _ Amount done
Part Remained
Part done
Let the journey left = x km
The highest score in an inning was of the total and
the next highest was of the remainder. The score
differed by 8 runs. What was the total?

a) 172
b)142
c)152
d) 162
60
5
8
x = 36
:. Journey still left = 36 km
Exercise
Answers
I . b; Hint: It is a dependent activity, because on the second
/
Amount Remained
:
.-. Total length of pole
19
a)
4
1
of a pole is in the mud. When of it is pulled out,
1.
4
day he reads of the remaining pages.
4
In a school, of the children are boys. I f the number of
girls is 200, find the number of boys.
a) 900
b)700
c)850
d)800
^
or
fl
>
1 X
1-11 x Total pages
8j v
P a g e s
l e f t
...
u n r e a d
2.
5j
A drum of water is full; when 3 8 litres are drawn from

1
or Total pages = 40
8 5
x
it, it is just - full. Find the total capacity of the drum in
.-. Total pages = 320

2.d
3. a
4. c; Hint: Here distance travelled on foot is given. Hence
equate the part (fraction) travelled on foot to the distance covered on foot,
ie Rest part on foot = distance on foot.
5. c
6.c
7. a
8.b
9. d
Rule 23
3.
I f the white part is 7 metres long, find the length of the

flag post.
4.
In case of single activity only ie Part done + Part remained

=1
Total Amount -
2
A man pays off of his debt and has to pay Rs 240 to
pay off the debt completely. Find the total amount of
debt.
a)Rs400
b)Rs450
c)Rs500
d)Rs550
Amount Spent _ Amount Remained

Balance Pa. t
litres.
a) 80 litres
b) 85 litres c) 75 litres d) 90 litres
In a flag post, - is red, - is green and the rest is white.
Part Remained
5.
5
1
A man spends of his income on food and on rent
HS
31
wmd rest he saves. I f he saves Rs 50, find his income.
a)Rs6O0
b)Rs800
c)Rs575
d)625
(Inserting one fraction between - and )
out,
covering th o f my journey, I find that I have
full
175 km. How much journey is left?
b)20km
c)30km
d)35km
3.d
4. a
awirf t-e
and
mpmcnon tying between
and we want to insert
(Three fractions inserted between - and )
and
, the following steps
y\
rum in
2.
1
5
Insert one fraction between and ~ .
4
6
2
4
Insert two fractions between and .
3.
5
9
Insert three fractions between ~ and
1.
Xj + X2
~
Stty HI: Resulting Fraction =
nfrom
Exercise
Taken.
Sfc^ L The numerators of two given fractions are added to

get -ie numerator of the resulting fraction ie numerator of
nn tsaiting fraction = x +x .
Saej Th The denominators of two given fractions are added
tfget the denominator of the resulting fraction. That is
Ammunaior of the resulting fraction = y + y
ber of
white,
of the
1
5
Insert four fractions between ~ and .
3
0
4.
resulting fraction so obtained has its magnitude

fmtime) lying between the two given fractions. By this
any number of fractions can be inserted between
gpeen fractions.
A
-S f-J****'tK
Insert five fractions between and y .
5.
Answers
itive Examples
1
4
Insert one fraction between and y .
! 5
3_ 7
- 4'
I l l
"
4.
4'9'5
2 ]_ 2 7
5'2'3'9
_7_ 6_ H_ _5_ _9_
Using the above method,

es
_6_ 5 _9_ 4
~ 3 ' l l ' 8' 13' 5
X2
fraction between and )

o
5
Xj
that I
5+4
6. a
5. a
tfwu+gnrn fractions be
1
5
(Inserting one fraction between and 77. and one
Rule 24
Xj
1+5
3' 3 + 8 ' 8' 8 + 5' 5
I 111 1 - 1 1 1 '
' 22'17'29'12'19
Note: Answers may be different from what it is written here.
V 3 + 5 ' 5 ~ 3 ' 8' 5
Rule 25
Thus, the resulting fraction is more than and
o
3
Ex.:
What must be subtracted from the sum of 13 and
00
stres
less than in magnitude (value).
4: to have a remainder equal to their difference?

66
240 to
1
>unt of
50
Insert three fractions between and .
Soln:
Detail Method:
Difference=13^-4A
1 3
_4)+[^-A
Using the above method
_1 111
on rent
1-111
~ 3 ' 3 + 5 ' 5 ~ 3 ' 8' 5
9+A
66
= 9
l
33
32
Soln: We see that the numerators as well as denominators

of the above fractions increase by 1, so the last frac-
7
5
12
2
Sum= 13 + 4 = 1 7 = 17
66
66
66
11
5
tion, ie 7 , is the greatest fraction,
o
[Here, a = b]
Ex. 2: Which one of the following fractions is the greatest?
.-. the required answer

= i7A_9_L= 17A_9_L = 8
11
33
33
33
Direct Formula:
The required answer = 2 * smaller value
A
33
112.
8' 9 ' 10
Soln: We see that the, numerator increases by 3 (a constant
value) and the denominator also increases by a con-
= 2 x 4 = 8
66
33
Exercise
11
1.
stant value (1), so the last fraction ie. isthe great-
est fraction.
to have a remainder equal to their difference?

[Here,a>b]
Exercise
1.
5 to have a remainder equal to their difference?
Which one of the following fractions is the greatest?

I !
2'3'4
3.
2.

1 1 A 11
8'9*10'11
15 to have a remainder equal to their difference?

3.
What must be subtracted from the sum of 5 and 3

2
5
to have a remainder equal to their difference?
of29What must be subtracted from tl
A _?_ 11
9'11'13'15
4.
and
19-j to have a remainder equal to their difference?
J_ 2 4_ _3_
7'9'H'lO
5.
Which one of the following fractions is the greatest'
Answers
1_ 1 0 4 7
2. 10
14
3. 30-
33
2
4.64
3
5.394
5'11'7'i
Answers
3
Rule 26
In the group of fractions
x + 2a
x+a
y'
y + b' y + 2b' y + 3b'"" y + nb
x + 3a
Wherei) a = b or
ii) a>b
Ex. 1: Which one of the following fractions is the greatest?
3 4
5
, T and 7
4 5
6
x + na
x + na
y
has the highest value.
+
11
13
10
TT
-15
10
11
Rule 27
The fraction whose numerator after cross-multiplication
gives the greater value is greater.
5
9
Which is greater or ?
8
14
Soln: Students generally solve this question by changing
Ex.:
33
Simplification
the denominators of the fractions inc:e;;e :

stant values (the numerators by 1 and the denominators by 4).
the fractions into decimal values or by equating the

denominators. But we suggest you a better method
far getting the answer more quickly.
Step I:
Cross-multiply the two given fractions.
Increase in Numerator
I
:
:
~r is greater than the
Increase in Denominator 4
1
4 ,
first fraction - . Hence the last fraction ie is the
ie
- | - ^ X ^ ^ - , w e h a v e 5 x 14 = 70and8 x 9 = 72
Mep II: As 72 is greater than 70 and the numerator
involved with the greater value is 9, the fraction
9
greatest.
14
is the greater of the two.
If
r
:
< Firstfraction, the last
Increase in Denommator
(H)
Exercise
6
5
w~hich is greater or .
value is the least.

Ex.:
2
Which of the following is lesser or, .
15
5
Which of the following is greater, or,
2
Here, r ^
= is less than the
Increase in Denominator 8
2
6
first fraction . Hence, the last fraction ie is the
-
51
25
Which of the following is lesser or, y ^ y .
least and the first fraction ie is the greatest.
41
53
Which of the following is lesser or .
4
2.
17
i.
:
= First fraction, all the
Increase in Denominator
values are equal.
(Hi)
Answers
5.
35
If
13
Ex.:
25
41
51
53
Rule 28
3_ _6_ _9_ 12
7 ' 1 4 ' 2 1 ' 28
Soln: In the above example we see that the numerators and
denominators increase by 3 and 7 respectively.
Increase in numerator
tm the group of fractions

x + 2a
x + 3a
4_ _6_
7'15'23
Soln: In the above example also, we see that the numerators and denominators increase by 2 and 8 respectively.
17
8
Which of the following is greater or
5
L
Here,
x+ a
x + na
y'
y + b' y + 2b' y + 3b'"" y + nb
Increase in denominator
3
- is equal to the
7
first fraction . Hence, all the fractions are equal.
a<b,we have the following relations:

I
If
Increase in Denominator
Exercise
Firstfraction, the last
1.
value is the greatest.
Which of the following fractions is the greatest?
I 1AA
5 ' 8 ' 11' 14
IA:
Which one of the following is the greatest?

2L. A _L
812'16'20
In the above example, we see that the numerators and
2.
A A A 28' 11 ' 1 4 ' 1 7 ' 2 0
3.
Which of the following fractions is the least?
34
JL i i 11
" f f l ' H r
7 ' l f 15'19
3
1 *
fiv) - x * - =
8
9 12'
*3 '
1
1
**
(vf)4-* =1
6*
17
6*
o 9
2
,16
(v) 8-=-* = 7 ,
**
27
17
t
2 4_ 6_ _8_
5'11'17'23
2.
1.
Answers
20
3.
23
35
39
7.
To determine the missing figures which are indicated by asterisks.

There is no any general rule that will apply to all type of
questions. We can better understand the rule to determine
the missing figures by the illustrative example.
c - x 2o - = 14
, J ;
(ii)
W 57
4
1 4 '
2
5
7
( i i i ) 7 - - 4 = 3;
' 3
11
33
3,1
5
(iv) - x l - = ;
' 8 9 12
Some m o r e questions o n Basic Calcu

lations a n d Simplification
SET-I
171-19x9 = ?
a)l
b) 18
2.
3.
5005-5000-10.00 = ?
a) 0.5
b)50
c)81
10 12 ?
J
x x= 16
3
5 4
a) 6
b)2
7 ( 3
9
Determine the missing figures (denoted by stars) in the

following equations, the fractions being given in their
lowest terms:
d)0
[SBIPO Exam, 1987]
c)5000
d)4505
[BankPO Exam,1988|
8-4(3-2) x4 + 3-7 = ?
a)-3
b)5
c)4
Exercise
c)8
d)^l
[Railways, 19911
d)4
[Railways, 1991]
2]_2
I9 9J 9
+
[Clerical Grade Exam, 1991 ]

1
a)
3
3
*
(ii) * -7 x 2 - * = 14
14'
.-. the required figures are 7, 3.
( i ) 6 - x * - = 30
(vi) 4
2 = 1
' 68
17
68
3
2
3
o r , 5 l = 19x4 = 5 l
' *
7
7
2.5
Supply the two missing figures which are indicated
by asterisks in the equality 5 x*= 19, the frac2

tion being in their lowest terms.
Soln: Since (5 + a fraction) is contained (3 + a fraction)
times in 19, the integral portion of the second mixed
number must be 3.
3
1
Hence, 5 - x 3 - = 19
*
2
1.
o 9 ,2
,16
(v) 8 + 1 = 7 :
17
27
17
1.
(07,4;
Rule 29
Ex.:
: the denominator of
13-
Answers
7 15 23 31
^14
denominator.
9 12
Zo
'7
2'
11
given at the end of the book was . Find the missing
7'15'23'3T'39
3 6
14- 1 9 3
4
one fraction being accidentally omitted. The answer
4 _8_ 12 16 20
7.
In a book on Arithmetic a question was printed thus:

'Add together
A A
8'17'26'35
1A
b)
c)
d)
' 1
12x8-19x2
6x7-6.5x2
[BSRB BankPO Exam, 1990]
Simplification
29
a) 2
b)
c)
[Hotel Management. 1991 ]

d) None of these
29
4 + 20
2
22x44
1
(BankPO Exam, 19901
15.
x4 + 20
16
a
81
88
a )
161
3
c)
IT
b )
176
d)l
c)
79
a )
1 7
[Hotel Management Exam, 1991]

68
17
11
a)
b)
17
13
1 1 , 1
of 5 5
5 _o
1 , 1 1
'
- of - +
5
5 5
17.28,? _
- =2
3.6x0.2
a) 120
b)1.20
d )
[SBIPO Exam, 1988)

c)12
d)0.12
5 6 . 8 . 3 3 1
7
+ x?
, 1 + x3 = 2
6 7
9
5 4
3
9'
[GIC,AAO Exam, 1988]
c)l
b)
d) None of these
4 l 3 l + ? + 2 l = 132
6
3
5
[SBIPO Exam, 1887]
a)3f
>oI
[Railways, 1991]
b) i f
c)4l
18- The value o f
d)4-
[SSCExam, 1987]
is:
3+2+ 2
b)5
a)l
13
d
10
b )
a)
3+ ( 8 - 5 ) , ( 4 - 2 ) , 2 +
V
13
10
29
10
d)25
*5
19
ML (20 + 5)+2 + (16 + 8 ) X 2 + (10 + 5)X(3-!-2) = ?

[Clerical Grade Exam, 1991]
a) 9
b) 12
c) 15
d) 18
b)
a)
c)
19
d)
1
19. How many 's are there in 37 ?
1
i A
x
10
10
l,20 =?
a)0
12
[BankPO Exam, 1988]
c)100
b)l
16-6x2 + 3
14
23
a )
b)
!7
107
d)
200
[BankPO Exam, 1988]
23-3x2
40
c)
a) 300
23
20.
2-,
ll-I l l - l - l ]
4
2 . 2
6j
[Central Excise Exam, 1989]

a)
b)l
1
4-
d)l
77
The value of 1 + 1+1+-
is:
b )
C )
21. In a certain office (1/3) of the workers are women, (1/2) of

the women are married and (1/3) of the married women
have children. I f (3/4) of the men are married and (2/3) of
the married men have children, what part of workers are
without children?
[SBIPO Exam, 1987]
5
228
a
.4
[SBIPO Exam, 1988]

c)500
1
1
In a college, 7 of the girls and 7 of the boys took part
5
o
in a social camp. What of the total number of students in
the college took part in the camp?
[SBIPO Exam, 1988]
13
13
2
40
80
13
d) Data inadequate
a )
u.
b)400
l i
4
b
11
C )
17
3~6
d)
22. I f we multiply a fraction by itself and divide the product

by its reciprocal, the fraction thus obtained is
,.26
^y-
1 8
36

The original fraction is:
[LIC AAO Exam, 1988]
a)
43
27
d)None of these
23. What fraction must be subtracted from the sum of
1
4
Io2
b)34
2
(0.055) + (0.007) + (0.0027)

2
a) 10
b)100
d)94
?
c)50
d)1000
[MBA Exam, 1992]
[SBIPO Exam, 1988]

1
b)T
c)
d
J^=0.26
35.
V 2
2 +
U +-
2 + VT v ^ - T P B A E n m , l 3 ]
r
a) 2
b)4
c)0
Iffx-jy
[SBIPOExam, 1988]
>6
a) 10
25.
c)54
(o.ss^+Co.o?) ,^)
1
and to have an average of of all the three frac-
24.
[BSRBPO Exam, 1992]

l = J
a) 64
tion?
hg
' J
?1
33.
b)
18-3x4 + 2
36.
1 0
c) 103
.
[BSRBPO Exam, 1986]
6x5-3x8
= 1 and 4x + -Jy = \1, then ^/xy = ?
d) 502
b)
d
a) 72
26.
27.
b)64
[CET Exam, 1997]

d)96
c)82
7+12
=2
0.2x3.6
a) 17.82
b) 17.22
V?x7xl8 = 84
a)3.11
b)3.12
37.
c) 17.28
W W . ! ? ?
a) 6
[CET Exam 1997]
b) 6
2-
v J
X y? J
= 7
c)3.13
d)3.14
T , find the value of x and y.
39.
b)(3,14)
29. I f x * y = (x + 2f{y-2)
c)(14,3)
=?
a) 10
a)
V1296
2.25
c) 10
31
a) 6
4-
b)3
d) 10
[CET Exam, 1996]

c)9
a _17
a+b
32. If r - , what is
equal to?
a + b 23
a-b
17
23
a)
c)
23
11
[SBIPO Exam, 1986]
d) 12
I f
31
b)
31
41-
b)28
>17
[MAT 1995]
41
C
99
d)
>99
41
c)32
d)42
(Auditors 1986)
V98-V50=?xV2
a)2
b)4
d)3
[BankPO 1980|
42. Express the number 51 as the difference of squares o f
two numbers.
c)l
a) 3 7 - 1 4
b) 3 6 - 1 5
c) 2 6 - 2 5
23
88
V l 8 x l 4 x x = 84, then x is equal to?
a) 82
[MBA Exam, 1988]

b) 10
64
3
8
88
then7*5 = ?
+1
d) 6
[ITI Exam, 1988]
d)(24,6)
[MBA Exam, 1983]

a) 234
b)243
c)343
d)423
30. I f m and n are whole numbers such that " = 121, then
(/w-l)"
121
8
+
11
[MBA Exam, 1987]

a) (3,15)
25
x
38. Find the value of x in the equation J l + 144 = 1 + 12 '
a)l
b)0.5
c)2
d)4
64
28.
C)
d) 17.12
[MBA Exam, 1982]
>J
[BankPO 1982]
43. Thehighest score in an innings was of the total score
a) 0.025
b) 0.225
c) 0.005
mad the next highest was of the remainder. These

scores differed by 8 runs. What was the total score in
me innings?
d)132
162
b)152
c)142
[NDA1988]
<f>0<IC25
[UTI 199*
2,(2x2)_
(2,2)x2
a) 2
c)4
b)l
4
[UTI 1990|
d )
|J_j
+(64)"^+(-32)^
54. 0.9-0.3x0.3 = ?
a) 0.1
b)0.9
c)0.09
d)l
[UTI 1990]
b ) ^
2
[SSC 1994]
If
55.
2 2
hi - + 5 3
_ , then find the value of n

4
;S
b)10
d) 16
[MAT 1992]
c)12
c)2.6
b)4.2
d)2.8
[NDA 1983]
(l .06 + 0.04) - ? = 4 x 1.06 x 0.04

2
a) 1.04
b)1.4
c)1.5
b)
a +b
2
c +d
d)709
]UTI 1990[
[UTI 1990]
58
2- + 3- + 4- = l
2
3
4
c)-
a+b
then find the value of a-b r in terms
cd
of c and d only.
~c~d~
c-d
cd
:+d
d) 10
b)5^
12
1
b)
c+ d
c)
[UTI 1990]
c+ d
59
8.4x4.2-2.1
2.1x4.2,8.4
a) 16
d) 1
c+ d
d) c-a
=?
b)8
c)1.6
e) None of these
[UTI 1990]
400
50. Simplify
V2 -V2
+fl
1-a
60.
i_ -V2
-+a
[MBA 1987]
1 + Va
a-l
a-l
0 9-
e) None of these
[MBA 1987]
b)
y
c)
a-l
d)
1-a
51. Solve 5V* + 1 2 ^ = 13^*

a) 4
c)719
ab
a)
>4
57. 4.16x0.75 = ?
a)3.12
b)0.0312
c)31.2
d) 0.312
e) None of these
[MBA 1987]
fl
a)
a)
15
[UTI 1990]
a) 11
-i9 If
c)2
[CDS 1980]
I-Il .
1 1
If a +b =45 and ab= 18, find - + - .
2
15
56. 7386 + 3333-7=10010

a)619
b)609
hlx4+7 = 223
10
3
a) 2.4
b) 2
a)l
b)2
52. 0.05 x 0.09 x 5 = ?
c)l
d)6
[MBA 1987]
289 425
a) 6800
d)225
b)256
c)272
e) None of these
[Assistant Grade Exam, 1980)
61. 1012x988 = ?
a)988866
b) 989996
c) 999856
d) 992786
e) None of tese
[SBI POExam.19-9]
62.
^0.361/0.00169=?
38

19
L9
b)
190
d)
13
d)100
19
c)
13
72. I f ( 4 ) x ( ^ " | = 2 " , t n e n n = ?

3
e) None of these
IT
[GIC1987]
63.
196
36
73.
= 9
a) 28
d) 16.5
b)84
c)56
e) None of these
[IAS, 1982]
74.
64. I f Vl 5625 =125, then

Vl 5625 + Vl 56.25 + Vl .5625 = ?
a) 1.3875
b) 13.875
c) 138.75
d) 156.25
e) None of these
75.
[GIC1988]
2592
65.
= 324
a) 18
d) 16
b)144
e)64
76.
c)8
[RRB 1980]
66.
VT21
11
a) 10.31
d)3
45
169
c)10
13
V225
c) 35.96
b)l
e) None of these
>
a) 10
b) 11
c)24
d) 12
e) 14
A number o f men went to a hotel and each spent as
many rupees as there were men. I f the money spent was
Rs 15625, find the number of men.
[BankPO, 1980]
a) 115
b) 125
c)130
d) 135
e) 145
The smallest possible decimal fraction up to three decimal places is,
a)0.001
b)0.101
c)0.011
d) 0.111
e) None of these
[IITCE,1990]
A glass full o f water weighs 100 gm. An empty glass
weighs 45 gm 320 mg. How much water can the glass
hold?
(Fashion Tech, 1993]
a) 54.68 gm
b) 145.32 gm c) 55.68 gm
d) 60 gm
e) None of these
A, B and C have to distribute Rs 1,000 between them, A
and C together have Rs 400 and B and C Rs 700. How
much does C have?
[MBA Exam, 1987]
a)Rsl00
b)Rs50
c)Rs200
d) Rs 300
e) None of these
,
a 3
77. I f - = 1 0 , t h e n - = ?
a a
8 a
8
[UDC1983]
67. I f J1 +
25
144
a)-10
1 + thenx=?
12
[BankPO 1981]
a)l
b)2
c)5
d) 7
e) None of these
68. The cost of telephone calls in an industrial town is 30
paise per call for the first 100 calls, 25 paise per call for
the next 100 calls, and 20 paise per call for calls exceeding 200. How many calls can one make for Rs 50?
[BSRBPO Exam, 1988]
a) 175
b)180
c)200
d)225
e)250
0.538x0.5380-462x0.462
69.
[BankPO, 1983]
1-0.924
c) 0.076
a) 2
b)1.08
d) 0.987
e)l
70. 6 - [ 5 - { ? - ( 2 - 1 . 5 ) } ] = 3
[BankPO, 1986]
a)2
b)l
c)2.5
d)1.5
e)3.5
16.6
71.
95
b)
[BankPO, 1983]
_16
c)
16
95
24
a -24
d) ~2
e)
8a
a -8
78. I f 8 7 0 0 , x = 300and4,590-y=170,then(;c-y) *(x+y)
=?
[BSRB Exam, 1988]
a) 29
b)56
c) 112
d)27
e)81
2
3
7 ,.2
If 9 - x y - = 1 6 x
9
3'
]IRS, 1990]
a) (7,1)
d)(5,l)
3
&
x x
a ) l , 13
d)l,ll
b)(8,l)
c)(13,l)
e)(2,l)
1
y
9 ~I2'
t b e n t b e v
b) 1,5
e) 1,1
f
' '
[Assistant Grade Exam, 1992]
c)l,7
a
[ITI, 1988}
166
a) 0.1
[NIC, 1982]
b)l
c)0.01
81. ^ - which of the following can replace all the ques-
Simplification
tion marks?
[BankPO Exam, 1989]
b)7
c)2
e) None of these
a) 6
d) 42
a)
xy*
82. Divide
3z
a)
3x
by
yz * 4z
4z
b)
2z
83. V0.0064 is equal to,

a) 0.08
b)+0.08
d) + 0.8
e) + 8
1
Simplify
2
2
i
7
7
if
7
C )
e)
>5l
same number. What is half of that number?

b)315
c)210
a) 630
d)105
e) None of these
l.c
8. a
15.c
27
I O ^ - 25 then what is the value o f io^ ?
[SSC, 1994]
5
b)5
c)
8 3 10
+ x
5 4 3
xx
9
6. a
13.c
25
y.Then,
5.d
12.a
3 10 25
1 X
=
8 4 3
9
35
5 5 25
or xx + =
' 36
9 2
9
:e) None of these
d)
X X X
25
4.c
11.b
3.c
lO.a
2.d
9.d
16. b; Hint: Let
a)-5
>85"
Answers
4l
>li
85
46
C
5
4
2
4
90. of of a number is 8 more than of of the
[BankPO 1975]
L2
46
e) None of these
58
89. A woman sells to the first customer half her stock and
half an apple, to the second half her remaining stock and
half an apple, and so also to a third, and to a fourth
customer. She finds that she has now 15 apples left.
How many had she at first?
a) 255
b)552
c)525
d)265
e) None of these
7
d
c)0.8
7
a)
[BankPO 1975]
64
64
e)
>3
. Find the correct answer.
d)
2
d
33
swer by
35
25 5
or ~x '
' 36
9~ 9
1
2x(37) -86.
W. is equal to which of the following num2x37-1
15
.". x
ber?
a) 36.5
b)38
c)37.5
d) 37
e) None of these
87. Find the number one-seventh of which exceeds its eleventh part by 100.
a) 1925
b)1295
c)1952
d)1592
e) None of these
36
50 + 10-45
15
18
18
18 ^ 35 ~ 7
9
67
(9
19
19
+ X +
3j
17
2
-10 = = 3 5
5
18. c
16
88. A boy on being asked to multiply of a certain frac19. a; Hint:
tion made the mistake of dividing the fraction by
1 75 1
2 =y = g
2 ^ - =1x300
2 j 8
16
17
and so got an answer which exceeded the correct an-
Thus, the number of - ' s in 3 7 ^ is 300.
7.c
14.a
40
20. c; Hint: Out of 5 girls, 1 took part in the camp and out of
8 boys, 1 took part in the camp. Thus out of 13 stu2
dents, 2 took part in the camp. i.e. of total students
25. a; Hint: V I + V>' =
and, 4x-Jy=\)
Adding equations (i) and (ii), we get Vx = 9
joined the camp.

21. c; Hint: Let the total number of workers be x.
Subtracting equation (ii) from (i), we get Jy = 8
1
Then, number of women = x ;
Substituting these values,

Jxy = yfxxjy
jc-5-12
Number of women having children

1
,1
1
1
7
Number of workers having children = x + x = x
No. of workers having no children = ! ~

x
fraction be
1 \1
fgj x = x
18
IT
12 = 2x0.2x3.6 => = 2x0.2x3.6

12
or, x= 12x2x0.2x3.6 = 17.28
27. a; Hint: Substituting x for ?, we get,
V * x 7 x l 8 = 84
Ir
84
or, V * x 7 =
18
Then,
S 6
21
1
J "-Then,
Now, - = 2 - = > 2 A
4
14
V 2 - 2 + 2 + V2
[Since a = ^2
/
2 +
a n
d b=2
(m-iy^H-lf+Ulo^lOOO
V2" ^=>2 V?+^=:

2-4
3 l.c; Hint: Putting x for (?),

=
.-.x = 14 v = 3
29. b; Hint: Substituting x = 7 and y = 2, we get,
7*5 = (7 + 2 ) ( 5 - 2 )
= (9) x3=243
30. c;Hint:Giventhatm = 121
m = (ll)
Hence, m = 11 and n = 2, substituting these values,
n
(2 + V2)(V2-2)
.-. (a + b ) ( a - b ) = 2 _ , 2
1 1
1
1
+ x = or x =
4 6
4
6'
24. a; Hint . 2 + V2-
= 3.11
o
7
T
2 x3 = 7
x
2
4
3
,
18x18x7
,3,
3
x : = 3 x
84x84
28. c; Hint: Taking the quotients 2, y and 7, we get

2y = 7, which gives the quotient as 3
.-. y - 3. Substituting the value of y, we get,
o r
1 1
23.d;Hint:Let T + ^ -
.". x-
a a a 512
w or x x =
' b b b
21 U J
-=*=2"b
3
84
or, x x 7 =
^xU*=18b b
21
or,
18
2
3
2
1
Number of men having children = ofofx = -x
22. b; Hint: Let the
0.2x3.6 ~
= 9x8 = 72
26. c; Hint: Putting* in place of?
And, number of men = x
= of of
1 7
-2
Vl296x2.25 = x
or, 36x2.25 = x
Simplification
[since
or,
= ^36x2.25
or,
= 6 x 1.5 [since ^1296 =36]
+ " = "~" ]
..x = 4
144 + 25 .
38. a; Hint: J - ^ - = l
.-. x = 9
_ 17
r 77
a + o 23
i.e., i f a = 17, then a + b = 23
or, b = 6
a-b= 17-6=11
_
"a-6
11
x
-
I : Hint: Given that
169 , x
13
x
or, J
= 1 + or, = 1 +
' V144
12
12
12
or, x = l
(64 -9xl2l)
2
2 3
39.b;Hint:x=
( x
8x11
xll)
8 +
33. c; Hint: Putting x t o T ^ > 3 ^ f e f a % % ^ *,w.e,ige.t.

'{6A - 3 x 3 x 1 l x l l )
3x11
x' * - 1
18 162 ~
'*~
(11x11x8x8)
OT
( 6 4 + 33)
or, x
=18x162
or, x =
(64 + 33X64-33)
(64 + 33)
11x8
or, x =18x18x9 o r , x = 1 8 x 3
2
31
or, x =
. \ = 54
34. b; Hint: Let 0.55 = a, 0.07 = b and 0.027 = c
Then, the given expression becomes
a
2 +
2 +
(0.1xa) +(0.1x6) +(0.1xc)

2
40. b;Hint: V l 8 x l 4 x x = 84
l a ^ + c
0.0l[a +fc +c ]
2
0,01
35. c; Hint: Putting x for (?) and solving it for x,
84x84
18x14
.'. x = 28
41. a; Hint: Putting x for (?) and solving it for x,
^7x7x2-^5x5x2 =xx^2
= 0.26
or, 7 V 2 - 5 V 2 = x x V 2
67.6
or,
or, x -
1 8 x T 4 x = 84x84
= 100
67.6
Since x is under square root, so, squaring both sides

we get
= (0.26)
= AZA_
.". x = 2
42. c; Hint: Using the formula,
o r
0.0676
36. d; Hint: Putting x for (?) and applying VBODMAS rule,
18-32 + 2
18 + 2-12
20-12
or,x = - ^ z r - or,x =
or.x =
30-24
30-24
30-24
or,x = .'. x =
6
3
37. b; Hint: Putting x for (?), and since all base are equal to 4,
hence, put a = .
or, x = a
[since (a J
5
=\]
1 2 - 6
or, x = a
~N-\
, where N = original number
PutN = 51
or,51 =
"51+r
"51-f
or, 51 = (26) - ( 2 5 )
2
43. a; Hint: Let the total score be x runs, such that

2
9
-=-a xl or,x = a
N =
2 ( 2
J C X
or,x=W4 Nt )r
2
'N+l
= 1000
9 I
X |='i
2
Or, x
9
2
2
or x x = 8 or, x = 162
">
ft
n
7
.
xx = 8
9 9
42

.-. The total score in the innings was 162.
a +b
2
49. d; Hint:
W + ( 6 4 ) * + ( - 3 2 ) *
44. a;
= i l b l=nl
2co"
(
)
{c-d)
c + d
a+b_ c+d
+
a-b
45. c; Hint:
a +b -lab
=
c +d -lcd
2
= r
lab
c 2
or,
+
= 1+ 8 ' + l ( - l ) ^ x ( 3 2 ) ^ J
a +b +lab
or, 5
5
c +d +lcd
^ (-lx32^
8 2
a +b
or, -=cd ' + r f
c +d
= l+ (
ab
c-d
=64
aA+a'Yi
\- -Yi
50. d; Hint: ;
+
-=1-a
X + Ja
a
,6 _ n
or,, ( 2 " f = 2
1
:.n = X2
46. a; Hint: Putting x for (?) and solving for it gives
-+
\
l l I
3
A
10
= 223
+ A;
since l - a = ( l ) - ( ^ ) = ( l
2
1 8
2
or, H - x 4 = 2 2 y x x [sincea-b = cthena = b * c ]
a^Jx-a
or x = x4
a^Jx-a^
211
since
2 2
10
3 _1
21 2
^ ) ( l - ^ )
^+(l-a~^Yl-a^
tfi+a
a^+a^+X-a^-a^+X
(1-a)
3
or, = 2.4
47. a; Hint: Putting x for (?) and solving for it
x
X-a
51. a; Hint: 5V* \4x - j3V*

+
The given equation is of the form
(l .06 + 0.04) - x = 4 x 1.06 x 0.04
5 +12
=13
[By the Pythogoras theorem of numbers]
Comparing the two equations, we find
Here, 1.06 = a and 0.04 = b
:.(a + bf -x = 4ab
4x = 2 ;. x = 4
;. x = (a - bf = (l .06 - 0.04) = 1.0404
2
\a +
bf-{a-bf=4ab\
52. d
53. d
54. b
55. b
56. d
57. a
58. d
59. a
60. c
61. c; Hint: 1012 x 988=(1000 + 12) x (1000 - 1 2 ) [Use (a+b)
(a-b) = a -b ]
2
48. c; Hint:.
t
1 a b
_
ab
a + fc
62. d;Hint:
since a + b = yj(a+bf
V45 + 2 x l 8 _ 9 _
18
yla +b +lab
0.361
0.00169
' ^ x l O
U3
63. b
+
~J&~~2
64. c; Hint: ^/with two decimal places = one decimal place

V156.25 =12.5
^/with four decimal places = Two decimal place
plification
*3
.-. Vl .5625 = 1.25

66. d
67. a
68. b
69. e
or 255.
90. d; Hint: Let the number be x.
fl6.6f
C
2 127 + -
70. c
5 4
2 4
.
x xx x - x x = 8
7 15
5 9
l l ^ J
a;Hmt:(2 yx^] =2''^2

2
6 + 4
=2'
8x315
or, x =
~3 b; Hint:
...
= 210
12
.-. Half of the number =105
=1562
4.a
75. a
76. a;Hint: [(A + C) + (B + C ) ] - ( A + B + C) = C]
77. b
78. c
79. b
80. b
81. d; Hint: Put x for?
82. b
83. b
84. d
_
SET -II
Directions (Q. 1-10): Four of the five choices are exactly equal. Which one of the parts is not equal to the other
four? The number of that choice is the answer.
1. a)5280-3129 + 933
b) 80% of5000 + 4% of 150 - 461 x
85b;Hint: io == VlO ^ == ^25 == 5

86. c
y
S a; Hint:
77
11
c) 8^ of558-1680
77
of the number = 100

2.
77the number = 100 x = 1925

4
88. a; Hint: Since
17
16
289-256
33
16
17
16x17
16x17
.-.the fraction x -
33
x
33
thefraction=
3.
33
^
16x17 _ 4
4.
16
4
64
.-. the correct answer = of = r r
17
5
85
89. a; Hint: Begin with the fourth customer.
5.
Her stock before the 4th customer came was
d) 1950 + 300 + 50% of 1700 - 8 x 2

e) 22 x 30 + 30 x 15 + 75 x 3 5 - 6 5 1
a) 75 x 75 - 50% of2200 - 5% of 500
b) 80 x 30 +15 x 40 + 60% of 1800 + 420
c) 25 x 85 + 90 x 20 + 50% of 1150
d) 35 x 3 5 + 2 1 x 9 0 - 5 % o f 100+1392
e) 1 1 0 0 x 5 + 2 x 3 0 - 5 0 % o f 2 0 8 8 - 2 x 2 x 2 x 2
a) 1.3x5 + 2 . 3 x 5
b) 4 ! - 3 !
c) 2 + l
+ 18-(3 +P)
d) 40% of40 + 20% of 20 - 1 0 % of 20
e) 10%of20 + 20%of80
a)0.5 + 0.55 + 0.05
b) 0.6+ 0.04+ 0.05+ 0.3+ 0.01
c) 0.1x 1.0x0.01x1000
d) 0.3+0.27+ 0.03+ 0.4
e) 0.5x2.0
3 + 22
1 1 1
1
a) ar *bT e- d- 7 *
+
1
b)
a+b+c+d
-xe
or31
e+b+c+d
d)
(a + b + c + d)
bde
Her stock before the 3rd customer came was 2 31 +
or63
Her stock before the 2nd customer came was
2^63 + - J
Her stock before^ the 1st customer came was
ac
6.
a) 87-i'% of 528
b) 6 6 y % of 522 + 6 x 1 9
c) 23 - 8
d) 1 6 - % of 2772
-3
e) 6 2 - % of 496 + 3 7 - % of 2 8 8 - 4 + 8x6
5
5
44

a)21 x5 + 12x6 + 2 x 12
c)13x l l + 1 5 x 4 - 2 x 1
e) 1 5 x 1 2 + 1 1 x 2 - 1
b)19x9 + 2 x l 5
d) 11 x 1 9 - 2 + 12
d) 0.3 x 2400 x 0.001
c) 0.06 x 10 x 0.002
e) No error
2
16. a) (a + b + cf
63
a) 40% of 36 + 5% of 175 -
b) V 6 2 5 - 2 5 % o / 2 0
11
c) 20% of 125+ of207-104
-(a-b-cf
b) (a + b-cf
-{a-b-cf
+4c{a + b)
c) (b + c-af
-(a + b-cf
+ 4c(a-b)
d) 4a(b + c)
e) No error
d) -
17. 3 )
of424- /256
5a
a (b-c)-b (a-c)+c (a-b)

2
b) -(a-b\b1
11
e) - o f 3 2 0 - of 76
2
10
b) 3 + 4 - % of 25
3
14
c) 46.68-19.57+1.09
d) 78^-% of3.6
d)
d) 3 V 7 8 4 - 8 - 2
2
19- 3 )
e) No error
12. 3)15%ofl50 + 25x0.3
20.
3 ) 12
+ 3
b)l3
d) l2
c) (2 )
+ 3
+ 4
22. a) - 2 n ( + 3 m )
2
b) - ( n - m f -{n + mf
c) - 2m[m + 3 )
2
15. 3)1.2x0.003 x20x0.01
e) No error
14. 3) 10% of45 + 55% of30
b) 70% of30 + 40% of 20 - 8
c) 15%of40+ 13% of 50+ 17% of 50
d) l x 2 + 2 x 3 + 3 x 4
e) No error
d) 4r? -6mn(m-n)-6n (m
+ n)
/
l
e) No eJtfor
23. *){x-yf
-{x + yf -(
b) 3y +(y-2x\x-2y)-x(2x
2
b) 0.003 x0.02 x l O
2
c) y
e) No error
4
2
b H
b)(l x 2 x 3 x4 x 5)-4
d) ( l + 3 + 5 + 7 ) - 2
2
c) 2 + 4 + 6 + 5 + 3
d) 2 + 4
e) No error
21. a)1.4x4 + 2 . 3 x 4 - 1 . 6 x 0 . 5
b) 2 . 7 x 4 - 1 . 8 x 3 + 2 x .
c) 1 . 2 x - 1 . 9 5 2 + 2 x . 2
d) 2 . 8 x 2 + 1 . 2 x 7
e) No error
e) No error
13. 3)(1.6x6 + 6.2 x 5 ) - 0 . 5
b) 13x3 + 1 4 x 2 + 1 . 4 x 5 + 1 . 2 x 5
4
4 8
d) 9 x 2
d) 2(l.5+ 1.3)-3x0.2
C)
e) No error
c) ^ - 1 2 . 5 % o / 3 2
c) ( i + 2 + 3 ) + 3 - ( 3 x 4 ) - 6
c (a-b)+a (b-c)-b {a-c)
b) 3 + 80% o / 1 2 + 7% of 20 - 2
10. 3)3130+2060-1090
b)5680-3510+1930
c) 11450-5090 -+2260
d) 1080+2320 + 710
e)8645-3155-1390
Directions (Q. 11-30): In the following questions one of
the choices among (a), (b), (c) and (d) is different from other
three. Mark the choice which is different If the four choices
are equal, the answer is i.e. No error.
11. 3 ) 7 x 0 . 5 + 1 . 5 x 0 . 5 + 2.5x0.3
b) ( 1 . 4 x 5 ) - 2 + 15-10
ca(c-a)
e) No error
18. a)6.5x 1.5 + 3 . 5 x 2 . 5 - 5 x 0 . 5
e) V795.24
c) 3 _
c\c - a)
c) ab(a-b)+ bc(b-c)+
a)35%of48 +15%of76
-4x(x + y)
2xl2x-y)
+ 9y)
_ 3
2
+l +3 +2'
3
.:::r.
30. a)20%of45 + 17%of9
b ) 2 5 - 5 x 2.894
d)50%of 2 1 -
c)9 + 3x0.51
b) 6 - 2
4
Ifcf32 x 62.5% of25.6
d)
e) No error
x5
Answers
1. c; A l l others are equal to 3084.
2. d; All ohers are equal to 4500.
3. c; All others are eual to 18.
4. a; A l l others are equal to 1.
-*X*-*Xc-4--( -*)
z
-Xft-xX*-c)..(r-*)}
bde
5. c; A l l others are equal to
65+15% of 9
b) 2_
xl.175
d)45%of 4 6 -
5 x 0
.83
b) 1000% of
50%
3
of
15
d) 0.09375 of 7 -
.
ac
6. e; All others are equal to 462.
7. d; All others are equal 201.
8. d; All others are equal to 20.
9. d; A l l others are equal to 28.2.
10. d; A l l others are equal to 4100.
11. c; All others are equal to 5.
12. e; A l l are equal to 30.
15. b; All others are equal to 0.00072.
16. c; A l l others are equal to 4ab + 4ac.
17. b; A l l others are equal to
a b - a c - ab +b c + ac - be
19. c; All are equal to 2304.
20. e; All are equal to 8.
21. c; A l l others are equal to 14.
2
-ry -(y+3x)
z
x ) - (3y - x ) + 5(y - xX* + v)-12xv

2
+2y)
22. c; A l l others are equal to - 2 -6m n

3
+ ^v + ( v - 2 x )
23. e; All are equal to - 4 x + y - 4xy

2

25. e; A l l others are equal to 0.
26. c; All these are equal to 20.85.
wf -(n + mf
-In )-3n(n
+ 3m)
-(m-nf
27. a; A l l are equal to 0.6
a4. +3m )
2
28. e; A l l are equal to - 5 x - lOxy

2
".f -m (m + 9n)-3n (n
2
+ m)
29. b; All others are equal to _

- 6m n
30. d; All others are eual to 10.53.
2 w 3

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What is the rule of simplification?

What is the rule of simplification?

What are the formulas for (a + b)^2, (a - b)^2 and (a + b)(a - b)?

What are the formulas for (a + b)^2, (a - b)^2 and (a + b)(a - b)?

S i m p l i f i c a t i o n

(9.0-4.5 + x)\\= 0 , the

10. The value of 4 - [s - ^6 - (5 - 4^3)}] is

11. I f x = 4, y = 3, then the value o f x+(y + x-l)

9. The value o f 4.5 - [4.5 +

Simplify: 240 -s-10(2 + {7 x 3 + 2(75 - 4 x 13+12+6

PRACTICE BOOK ON QUICKER MATHS

13. 2 + J2 + 2J2-(2-3^2)+ 3-(2-3)}-{3(2-3^2)}]=?

a) 1014049 b) 1104409 c) 1014409 d) 110409

Find the value of (l007f

Find the value of

0.23 x 0.23 + 0.23 x 1.54 + 0.77 x 0.77

Hint: (l007) =(l000 + 7 ) = ( l 0 0 0 ) + ( 7 ) +2x1000x7

Application of the formula, (a-bf

Simplify the following

= (1.66) +(0.66) -2x0.66x1.66

Now, applying the above formula,

Find the value of3.75 x 3.75 + 0.75 x 0.75 - 0.75 x 7.5

2.32 x 2.32 -4.64 x 0.32 + 0.1024

(0.46) + (0.54) + 2. x 0.46 x 0.54

I f we suppose a = 0.46 and b = 0.54, then

=(0.46 + 0.54) = (1.00) =l

Find the value of

1.43 x 1.43+ 0.43x0.43-0.86 x 1.43=?

0.527 x 0.527 - 2 x 0.527 x 0.495 + (0.495)

Simplify the following

(0.576 + 0.324) - (0.576 - 0.324) _

Simplify the following

Find the value o f (l 00 + 25) - (l 00 - 25)

Find the value of

+(0.25) ]=(l.25 + 0.25) + ( l . 2 5 - 0 . 2 5 )

Application of the formula [a + bf +(a- bf = 2(a + b )

Application of the formula, (a + bf - (a - bf = 4ab

(6.25 + 5.25) +(6.25-5-0.25)

Application of the formula, (a + b) (a - b) = a

Find the value of (5.3 + 3.5) + ( 5 . 3 - 3 . 5 )

Find the value of

(0.46 + 0.64) +(0.18)

Find the value of

Soln: Suppose a = 50 and b = 40

PRACTICE BOOK ON QUICKER MATHS

Soln: The above expression can be written as

(0.6) + (0.4) + 3 x 0.6 x 0.4(0.6 + 0.4)

Now, we suppose 0.6 = a and 0.4 = b and applying the

Find the value of

(0.6 + 0.4) = (lf

0.6x0.6x0.6 + 0.4x0.4x0.4 + 0.4x0.6x3 _

Find the value of (l 75) - (75)

Find the value of

Find the value of

Hint: Let 1.25 = a, and 0.75 = b, then the given expres-

(RRB Exam, 1991)

= (a + 6) = (l .25 + 0.75) = (2) = 8

Application of the formula,

Application of the formula,

(1.25) +2.25x(l.25) +3.75x(0.75) +(0.75)