Chapter 10

Profit and Loss
it for Rs 84. What is the cost price of the article?

[BSRfi DefhiPO, 2uWf
Rule 1
To find profit or loss when cost price and selling price are
?iveii.
fi) When Selling Price > Cost Price, there is a profit and it
is given by Selling Price - Cost Price,
i ii) When Selling Price < Cost Price, there is a loss and it is
given by Cost Price - Selling Price.
Illustrative Examples
E\ 1: A man buys a toy for Rs 25 and sells it for Rs 30. Find
his profit.
Soln: In this example,
Selling Price (SP) of a toy = Rs 30 and
Cost Price (CP) of a toy = Rs 25
Here,SP>CP
Now, following the above formula (i), we have
profit = Rs 30 - Rs 25 = Rs 5
Fv 2: A boy buys a Parker pen for Rs 50 and sells it for Rs
45. Find his loss.
Soln: In the above example,
Cost Price (CP) of a Parker pen = Rs 50 and
Selling Price (SP) of a Parker pen = Rs 45
Here.SP<CP
Now, following the above formula (ii), we have
loss = Rs50-Rs45 = Rs5
Exercise
2.
3.
Given the following values, find the unknown values.

(i) CP = Rs 500, SP = Rs 600, Profit/Loss = ?
(ii) CP = Rs 1270, SP = Rs 1250, Profit/Loss = ?
(iii) CP = ?,SP = Rs 2390, Profit = Rs 120.50
(iv) CP = Rs 72, SP = ? Loss = Rs 15.60
Fill in the blanks in each of the following
(i) CP = Rs 1265, SP = Rs 1253, Loss = Rs
(ii) CP = Rs
SP = Rs 450, Profit = Rs 150
(iii) CP = Rs 3355, SP = Rs 7355
= Rs
(iv) CP = Rs
, SP - Rs 2390, Loss = Rs 5.50
(v) CP =Rs 6556, SP = Rs 6560, .... = Rs
By selling an article for Rs 96, double profit is obtained
than the profit that would have been obtained by selling
Answers
1.
(i)Rs 100 profit

(ii)Rs201oss
(iii) Rs 2269.50
(iv)Rs 56.40
2. (i)Loss = R s l 2
(ii)CP = Rs300
(iii) Profit = Rs 4000 (iv) CP = Rs 2395.50
(v) Gain = Rs4
3. a; Hint: Let the cost price of the article be Rs x.
Then, 2 ( 8 4 - x ) = 9 6 - x
or, 168-2x = 9 6 - x
.-. x = Rs72.
Rule 2
The profit or loss is generally reckoned as so much per cent
on the cost.
Gain or Loss per cent =
Loss or Gain
1
x
u u
Ex. 1: A man buys a toy for Rs 25 and sells it for Rs 30. Find
his gain per cent.
Soln: % G a i n = ^ x 100 = ^ x 1 0 0 = 20%
Ex. 2: A boy buys a pen for Rs 25 and sells it for Rs 20. Find
his loss per cent.
Soln: % Loss =
I oss
5
x 100 = x 100 = 20%
Exercise
1.
2.
3.
Find the gain or loss per cent, i f

(i) CP = Rs 500 and SP = Rs 565
(ii) CP = Rs 700 and SP = Rs 630
If the profit made on a packet of tea is Rs 4 and the cost
price of the packet is Rs 20, then how much is the profit
percentage?
a) 20%
b)25%
c)30%
d)15%
A box of Alphanso mangoes was purchased by a fruit
216
4.
5.
6.
7.
P R A C T I C E B O O K ON Q U I C K E R MATHS
seller for Rs 300. However, he had to sell them for Rs 255

because they began to get over ripe. What was the loss
percentage?
a) 15% '
b)IO%
c)20%
d) 18%
Harish bought a second-hand typewriter for Rs 1200
and spent Rs 200 on its repairs. He sold it for Rs 1680.
Find his profit or loss. What was his profit or loss per
cent?
a) 10% loss b) 15% loss c) 20% loss d) 20% gain
Karim bought 150 dozen pencils at Rs 10 a dozen. His
overhead expenses were Rs 100. He sold them at Rs 1.20
each. What was his profit or loss per cent?
a) 30%profit b) 30% loss c) 35% loss d) 35% profit
Venkat purchased 20 dozens of toys at the rate of Rs 375
per dozen. He sold each one of them at the rate of Rs 33.
What was his percentage profit?
IBSRBChennaiPO, 2000]
a) 6.5
b)5.6
c)3.5
d)4.5
By selling twelve notebooks, the seller earns profit equal
to the selling price of two note-books, what is his percentage profit?
[BSRB Delhi PO, 2000|
a) 20%
b)25%
c) 1 6 y %
Answers
1. (i) 13% gain
(ii) 10% loss
2. a
3.a
4. d; Hint: Total CP = Rs (1200 + 200) = Rs 1400 and SP
= Rsl680
SP > CP, Hence profit and profit %
1680-1400
-x 100 = 20%
1400
5. d; Hint: Total cost price = 150 * 10 + 100 = Rs 1600
Total selling price = 150 x 12 x 1.20 = Rs 2160
Profit = Rs 2160 - Rs 1600 = Rs 560
Profit % = ^ r
1600
6. b; Hint: Cost price of 20 dozens toys = 20 * 375 = Rs 7500

Selling price of 20 dozens toys = 20 x 33 x 12 = Rs7920
A loss of 5% was suffered by selling a plot for Rs 4,085.

The cost price ofthe plot was:
|RRBExam, 1991]
a)Rs4350
b)Rs 4259.25
c)Rs4200
d)Rs4300
9. The CP of an article which is sold at a loss of 25% for Rs
150, is
[RRB Exam, 1991]
a)Rsl25
b)Rsl75
c)Rs200
d)Rs225
10. A man buys 10 articles for Rs 8 and sells them at the rate
of Rs 1.25 per article. His gain percent is:
|CDS Exam, 1991]
b) 5 6 - %
c) 1 9 - %
d)20%
11. Bhajan Singh purchased 120 reams of paper at Rs 80 per

ream. He spent Rs 280 on transportation, paid octroi at
the rate of 40 paise per ream and paid Rs 72 to the coolie.
If he wants to have a gain of 8%, the selling price per
ream must be:
[Bank PO Exam, 1988]
a) Rs 86
b) Rs 89
c)Rs90
d)Rs 87.48
12. If I purchased 11 books for Rs 10 and sold all the books
at the rate of 10 books for Rs 11, the profit per cent is:
| RRB Exam, 1989]
a) 10%
b)ll%
c)21%
d)100%
13. An umbrella marked at Rs 80 is sold for Rs 68. The rate of
discount is:
[RRB Exam, 1989]
a)
b) 15%
c) 17 %
17
100 = 5.6%
7. a; Hint: Percentage profit

= t-=rXl00
(12-2)
= xl00 = 20%
10
[Also see Rule 81]

f 100
8. d; Hint: CP = Rs I
"
-Rs4300
x
100
Hnx: :P = R s | ~ 1 5 0 j = R 2 0 0
x
10. b; Hint: CP of 10 articles = Rs 8

SP of 10 articles = Rs (1.25 x 10) = Rs 12.50
Profit = Rs (12.50 - 8) = Rs 4.50
(4.50
Gain%= I ~ ^
a) 50%
7920-7500
Profit percentage =
d) Data inadequate
8.
100 = 35%
^
l
5 6
1
4 %
11. c; Hint: Total CP of 120 reams = Rs (120 * 80 + 280 + 72 120 x 0.4) = Rs 10000.
( 250^
CPofl ream = (10000-120)= Rs
.-. SP of 1 ream = 108% of Rs
250
12. c; Hint: CP = Rs 10
11
.o^'j-^'o
121 ,
y
-10
n
Clair
Gain % = Rs
d)20%
13. b
Rs
21
10
21
-xlOO = 2 1 %
10x10
Rs 90.
217
Profit and Loss
Rule 4
Rule 3
If the profit earned by selling an article for Rs x is equal to
the loss incurred when the same article is soldfor Rsy, then
to make z% profit the sale price of the article should be Rs
(x + yXlOO + z )
200
' Ax \
Illustrative Example
Ex.:
The profit earned by selling an article for Rs 600 is

equal to the loss incurred when the same article is
sold for Rs 400. What should be the sale price of the
article for making 25 per cent profit?
Soln: Detail Method: Let the cost price be Rs x.
Now, according to the question,
6 0 0 - x = ;c-400
or,2x=1000 .-. x = Rs500.
Again, selling price of the article for making 25% profit
500x125
-w~
3.
4.
5.
b)Rs890
c)Rs880
Answers
La
2.b
Ex.:
A reduction of 20% in the price of sugar enables a

person to buy 2 kg more for Rs 30. Find the reduced
and the original price per kg of sugar.
Soln: Following the above theorem, we have
30x20
the reduced price of sugar =
3.d
100x2
= Rs 3 per kg and
30x20
_15
the original price of sugar = ( _2o)2 ~ T
h
= Rs 3 per kg.
Exercise
1.
The profit earned by selling an article for Rs 832 is equal

to the loss incurred when the same article is sold for Rs
448. What should be the sale price of the article for making 50 per cent profit?
jBSRB Chennai PO, 2000|
a)Rs960
b)Rsl060
c)Rsl200
d)Rs920
a)Rs560
b)Rs520
c)Rs540
d)Rs580
a)Rs390
b)Rs370
c)Rs350
d)Rs330
475. What should be the sale price of the article for making 40% per cent profit?
a)Rs693
b)Rs707
c)Rs683
d)Rs673
a)Rs870
[ ( y ^ ^ per kg respectively.
100
Exercise
2.
Ax
per kg and
= R s 6 2 5
Quicker Method: Applying the above theorem, we

have
the required answer
_ (600 + 400X100 + 25)
= 5x125 =Rs625.
200
1.
Theorem: If a reduction of x% in the price of an article

enables a person to buy n kg more for Rs A, then the reduced and the original prices per kg of the article are
4.a
5.c
d)Rs990
A reduction of 30% in the price of tea enables a person

to buy 3 kg more for Rs 20. Find the original price per kg
of tea.
a)Rs2|
2.
*H
b)Rs3
c) Rs3.5,Rs
5.
d)R 3y
S
10
c)Rs2-
1
d)R 2S
A reduction of 25% in the price of rice enables a person

to buy 4 kg more for Rs 40. Find the reduced and the
original price per kg of rice respectively.
10
a)Rs y ,Rs2.5
4.
c)R 2y
A reduction of 15% in the price of coffee enables a person to buy 2 kg more for Rs 30. Find the original price per
kg of coffee.
11
a)Rs2
3.
b)Rs2y
n
3
b)Rs2.5,Rs
10
d) Can't be determined
A reduction of 10% in the price of salt enables a person

to buy 2 kg more for Rs 18. Find the reduced and the
original price per kg of salt respectively.
a)Rel,Rs0.9
b)Rs0.9,Rel
c)Rs2,Rsl.9
d)Rsl.9,Rs2
A reduction of 10 per cent in the price of potatoes enables me to obtain 25 kg more for Rs 225. What is the
reduced price per kg? Find also the original price per kg.
a)Rs0.9,Rel
b)Rel,Rs2
218
6.
7.
8.
c)Rs0.8, Rs2
d) None of these
A reduction of 20 per cent in the price of onions enables
a purchaser to obtain 8 kg more for Rs 80. What is the
reduced price per kg? What was the price per kg before
reduction?
a)Rsl.50,Rs2
b)Rs2,Rs2.50
c)Rs3,Rs2.50
d)Rel,Rs2.50
A reduction of 25 per cent in the price of clay would
enable a purchaser to obtain 25 kg more for Rs 45. What
is the reduced price per kg and what was the price per kg
before reduction?
a)40P,60P b)45P,50P c)45P,60P d)45P,48P
1.
2.
A reduction of 12 per cent in the price of oranges
enables one to purchase 15 oranges more for Rs 42. Find

the price per orange before and after reduction.
a)40P,35P b)30P,40P c)45P,35P d)35P,45P
9. If a reduction of 25 per cent were made in the price of
sweets it would enable a purchaser to obtain 10 more
than before for Rs 7.20. Find the reduced price, and the
present price.
a)18P,25P
b)25P,30P
c)l8P,24P
d) None of these
10. A reduction of 40 per cent in the price of bananas would
enable a purchaser to obtain 60 more for Rs 45. What is
the reduced price?
a)50P
b)40P
c)60P
d)30P
Answers
l.b
8. a
2.a
9c
3.b
10. d
4.b
5.a
6.b
7.c
Ax
of
Ax
{\Q0 + x)n
the
per kg
4.
a) Rs 3 per kg
b) Rs 3 - per kg
c) Rs 3 per kg
d) Data inadequate
A 25% hike in the price of tea forces a person to purchase 2 kg less for Rs 75. Find the original price of the
tea:
a)Rs7
b)Rs8
c)Rs7.5
d)Rs8.5
A 12% hike in the price of coffee forces a person to
purchase 2 kg less for Rs 56. Find the original price of
the coffee.
a)Rs2
b)Rs2.5
article
are
100K
and
l.a
2.b
3.c
4.d
Rule 6
Theorem: If a man purchases 'x' items for Rs 'y' and sells
'y' items for Rs 'x', then the profit or loss [depending upon
the respective (+ve) or (~ve) sign in thefinal result} made by
x
-y xlOO %
I f a man purchases 11 oranges for Rs 10 and sells 10
oranges for Rs 11. How much profit or loss does he
make?
Soln: Detailed Method: Suppose that the person bought 11
x 10= 110 oranges.
C P o f l 10 oranges = y y
Ex.:
A 10% hike in the price of rice forces a person to

purchase 2 kg less for Rs 110. Find the new and the
original prices of the rice.
Soln: Applying the above formula, we have
10x110
1
the new price =
= Rs 5 per kg and
IUU x z.
2.
10x110
:
110x2
d)Rs3
Ex.:
per kg
respectively.
the original price
c)Rs3.5
Answers
Rule 5
kg
3.
A 15% hike in the price of wheat forces a person to

the wheat.
a) Rs 3 per kg
b) Rs 2 per kg
c) 3.5 per kg
d) Data inadequate
A 20% hike in the price of wheat forces a person to
the wheat.
him is
Theorem: If a hike ofx% in the price of an article forces a

person to buy n kg less, then the new and the original prices
per
Exercise
SP of 110 oranges = J ^
x l l
x l l
=Rs 100
=Rs 121
.-. Profit = R s l 2 1 - R s l 0 0 = Rs21

and % profit = y ^ - x 100 = ^ x 100 = 21%
Quicker Method: Applying the above formula, we
have,
= Rs 5 per kg
x 100 = 21%.
^10^
Profit and Loss
219
Since the sign is +ve, there is a gain of 21%.
Exercise
1.
Exercise
1.
If a man purchases 12 mangoes for Rs 10 and sells 10

mangoes for Rs 12. How much profit or loss does he
make?
a) 40% loss b) 40% profit c) 44% loss d) 44% profit
I f a man purchases 15 bananas for Rs 12 and sells 12
bananas for Rs 15. How much profit or loss does he
make?
a) 56.25% profit
b) 56.25% loss
c) 56.75% profit
d) 56.75% loss
If a man purchases 4 apples for Rs 5 and sells 5 apples
for Rs 4. How much profit or loss does he make?
a) 36% profit b) 36% loss c) 36.5% profit d) 36.5% loss
I f a man purchases 7 oranges for Rs 8 and sells 8 oranges for Rs 7. How much profit or loss does he make?
2.
3.
4.
2.
3.
4.
275
0/
a) *- /o loss
16
2 7 5
b) % profit
A person buys 8 oranges for Rs 15 and sells them at 10

for Rs 18. What does he gain or lose per cent?
a) gain of 4% b) loss of 4% c) gain of 2% d) loss of 2%
A person buys 4 apples for Rs 5 and sells them at 5 for
Rs 4. What does he gain or lose per cent?
a) loss of 36%
b) gain of 36%
c) loss of 30%
d) gain of 30%
A person buys 16 bananas for Rs 5 and sells them at 12
a) 33 y % loss
b) 33% loss
c) 3 3 - % profit
d) 3 3 y % profit
A person buys 12 eggs for Rs 15 and sells them at 10 for

Rs 14. What does he gain or lose per cent?
Answers
0/
c) ~rr
loss
375
16
d) T 7 - Profit
A grocer buys eggs at 10 for Rs 816and sells at 8 for Rs 10.
Find his gain or loss per cent.
3 7 5
Lb
2. a
3.c
4.b
Rule 8
1
a) gain per cent of 56
3
b) gain per cent of 56
Problems Based on Dishonest Dealer

% gain =
Error
-xlOO
True value - Error
True weight - False weight
c) loss per cent of 56^-
d) gain per cent of 56-^-
2. a
3.b
4.c
xlOO
Ex.:
5.d
Rule 7
Theorem: If a man purchases 'a' items for Rs 'b' and sells
-' items for Rs'd', then the gain or loss [depending upon
tie respective (+ve) or (-ve) sign in thefinal result] made by
ad-be
un is
False weight
Answers
: d
or, % gain =
be
A dishonest dealer professes to sell his goods at cost

price, but he uses a weight of960 gm for the kg weight.
Find his gain per cent.
Soln: Detailed Method: Suppose goods cost the dealer Re
1 per kg. He sells for Re 1 what cost him Re 0.96.
;. Gain on Re 0.96 = Re 1 - Re 0.96 = Re 0.04
.-. Gain on Rs 100= 7 r ^ 7
0.96
-xlOO
Vote.- Rule - 6 is the special case of this rule. In Rule - 6, we

have,
a = d = x and b = c = y.
.-. Gain%=
n /
Since the sign is +ve, there is a gain of 2 % .
t
6
- %
6
Quicker Method: Applying the above Rule, we have
the required gain % =
40
_
1 Q 0 Q
4 0
x 1
0 =
1
T
Exercise
1.
9x20-16x11 , J
3
% profit or loss =
x 100 = 2 %
16x11
11
=Rs
A boy buys 9 oranges for Rs 16 and sells them at 11
tin: Following the above formula, we have
x l 0
A dishonest fruit vendor professes to sell his goods at

cost price but he uses a weight of900 g for the kg we ight.
|RRB Exam, 19911
a ) 9
TT%
b)ii-
c)
d) 9%
11
;
220
A cloth dealer professes to sell poplin at cost price, but
uses a metre having a length of 92 cm only and charges
for the metre. Find his gain per cent.
a) 8 ^ %
23
b) 9 - ^ %
23
c) 7 ^ %
23
d) Data inadequate
Exercise
1.
2.
a) 3 6 y %

cost price but he uses a weight of950 g for the kg weight.
3.
4.
a) 5*3-%
19
A grocer sells rice at a profit of 5% and uses a weight

which is 20% less. Find his total percentage gain.
a) 31.25%
b) 1.5%
c)31%
d) Data inadequate
b) 5%
19
}
4.
5.
d) Data inadequate
5.

cost price but he uses a weight of 800 g for the kg weight.
a) 20%
b)40%
c)25%
d)50%
A cloth dealer professes to sell bedsheet at cost price,
but uses a metre having a length of 80 cm only and
charges for the metre. Find his gain per cent.
a) 25%
b)20%
c) 16%
d)30%
) 461%
d) 3 6 j %

a) 25%
b)50%
c)75%
d)45%
a) 66%
c) 5%
19
b) 4 6 i | %
1
b) 66-%
3
) 66-%
2
d) 6 6 - %

which is 25% less. Find his total percentage gain,
a) 50%
b)55%
c)60%
d)65%
Answers
l.a
2.c
3.b
4.d
5c
Rule 10
Theorem: If the shopkeeper sells his goods at x% loss on
cost price but usesygm instead of z gm, then his % profit or
Answers
l.b
2. a
3. a
4.c
loss is [l 00 - x] -100 according as the sign is +ve or - -MB

y
5. a
Rule 9
% profit + % less in wt
Total percentage profit =
x 100
1 0 0 - % less in wt
Ex.:

Soln: Detail method:
Suppose he bought at Rs x/kg.
'110*'
Then he sells at Rs
or, at Rs
100
80
p e r
Too
15x
= Rs per kg
Now, suppose he bought y kg of goods.
Then, his total investment = Rs xy
llx
:
25^
100-
4_
Then he sells the goods for Rs x
100
11 Ox 100
llx
* per kg or, at Rs per kg
Now, % profit
1
A dishonest dealer sells goods at 6% loss on c
4
price but uses 14 gm instead of 16 gm. What is hs
percentage profit or loss?
Soln: Detail Method: Suppose the cost price is Rs x per
Ex.:
-x 100 = = 37.5%
15x
(16^
15
and his total return = Rs "jg" A
J Rs 4
x
Quicker Method: Applying the above rule, we have

the total % profit
15
-xy-xy
.-. his % profit = 2S
x 100 =
xy
7
Quicker Method: In the above case,
5
- x , 0 0 = ^ l M = 37.5%.
100-20
80
1 0
2 0
ll4
Profit and Loss
% profit or loss
221
100-61
H -100
14
or loss is
1500-1400
lor
10C :
14
100 50
14 ~ 7
X
4
14
1
Since the sign is +ve, there is a profit of y % .
3 7 5
1 6
100-y
-xlOO
according as the sign is +ve or -
ve.
Ex.:
A dishonest dealer sells the goods at 6% loss on
Exercise
1.
A merchant professes to lose 4% on a certain tea, but he

uses a weight equal to 840 g instead of 1 kg. Find his real
loss or gain per cent.
a) 14 y % loss
b) 1 6 - % loss
c) 14% gain
d) \6-%
cost price but uses 1 ^ ~ % l
25_25
gain
A merchant professes to lose 10% on a certain tea, but

he uses a weight equal to 900 g instead of 1 kg. Find his
real loss or gain per cent,
a) 10% gain
b) 10% loss
c) neither gain nor loss
d) Data inadequate
uses a weight equal to 460 g instead of 1 kg. Find his real
loss or gain per cent.
a) 50% gain b) 100% gain c) 200% gain d) 75% gain
A cloth dealer professes to lose 9% on a certain garments, but he uses a metre having a length of 91 cm only
and charges for the metre. Find his gain or loss per cent,
a) 10% gain
b) 9% loss
c) 9% gain
d) Neither gain nor lose
A dishonest fruit vendor professes to lose 20% on his
goods, but he uses a weight of 720 gm for the kg weight.
Find his gain or lose per cent.
a) 11% gain
b) *k%
c) 1 1 - % gain
d) H - % lose
c)4%
Exercise
1.
2.
gain
4.d
5.c
6.d
Rule 11
TVorem: A dishonest dealer sells the goods atx% loss on
me price but uses y% less weight, then his percentage profit
a) 5% loss
b) 5% loss
c) Jj-
11.
d) 5% gain
/o
gam
A dishonest dealer sells the goods at 20% loss on cost

price but uses 25% less weight. What is his percentage
profit or loss?
a) 6 y gain
b) 6 j % gain
c) 6% gain
d) 6--% loss
0//
d) 4 J%
5.
b) 12.5% gain
c) 13.5% gain
d) 12% gain
profit or loss?
Answers
3.b

profit or loss?
a) 1 2 ^ % loss
4.
2.c
4 ^ , 0 0 = ^ = 7-1%.
25
14
Since sign is +ve there is a profit of 7% .

7

uses a weight equal to 900 gm instead of one kg. His real
gain per cent is:
[Clerks' Grade Exam, 1991]
b)6%
2
100-
3.
a)5^/o
weight. What is his
percentage profit or loss?

Soln: Following the above formula we have
% loss or gain =
e s s

profit or loss?
a) 20% gain b) 28% gain c) 20% loss d) 25% loss
profit or loss?
a) 25% loss b) 20% gain c) 20% loss d) 25% gain
222
Answers
a) 20% gain
b) 15% gain
c) 25% gain
d) 30% gain
A seller uses 1250 gm in place of one kg to sell his goods.
Find his actual % profit or loss, when he sells his article
on 25% gain on cost price.
a) 10% loss
b) 15% gain
c) Neither loss nor gain
A seller uses 870 gm in place of one kg to sell his goods
l.b
3.a
2.b
5.d
4.c
4.
Rule 12
Theorem: If a seller uses 'X' gm in place of one kg (1000
gm) to sell his goods and gains a profit of x% on cost price,
then his actual gain or loss percentage
is
5.
1000
(100+x)
100
according as the sign is +ve or -ve.
Ex.:
A seller uses 840 gm in place of one kg to sell his

goods. Find his actual % profit or loss, when he sells
his article on 4% gain on cost price.
Soln: Detail Method: Selling price of840 gm
= Rs(100 + 4) = Rs 104
.-. Profit = S P - C P = 104-84=Rs20
a) 3 3 - % loss
b) 331% loss
c) 33% gain
d) 3 3 - % gain
Answers
l.b
2. a

have
4{lMK 0
0
\0 j
21

a) 33% gain
b)
c) 33--% loss
2
d) 33% gain
3.
/ o
gain

gain
b) 9 % gain
c) 1 1 - % loss
d) 9 % loss
a) ' ' ^
0 / o
x+y
Too^v
10C
per cent.
If a dealer wants to earn 20% profit on an article aftaoffering 30% discount to the customer, by what percentage should he increase his marked price to arn*e|
at the label price?
Soln: Applying the above rule, we have
Ex.:
Exercise
2.
the marked price should be increased by
23ll%
Since sign is +ve, there is a profit of 2 3 %
1.
If a dealer wants to earn x% profit on an article after offering y% discount to the customer. To arrive at label price.
20x100
.17
.-. % profit =
= 23%
84
21
c
5.d
Rule 13 V
v CP of 840 gm = - - x 840 = Rs 84
1000
(.00
4.c
3.c

20 + 30
the required answer
xlOO
71-%
100-30
Exercise
1.
I f a dealer wants to earn 5% profit on an article ana

offering 10% discount to the customer, by what perce-r*
age should he increase his marked price to arrive at ~m
label price?
(NABARD, 199%
a) 15
2.
c)15i
d)16|
I f a dealer wants to earn 10% profit on an article ar

offering 15% discount to the customer, by what perced
age should he increase his marked price to arrive at
label price?
a) 1 7 %
'
29
3.
b)16|
b) 2 9 ^ %
)29A%
d)29Ao.
If a dealer wants to earn 15% profit on an article sM

offering 20% discount to the customer, by what pero
age should he increase his marked price to arrive at
Profit and Loss
223
label price?
a)34.75%
b)43.25%
c)43.75%
d)34.25%
I f a dealer wants to earn 20% profit on an article after
offering 25% discount to the customer, by what percentage should he increase his marked price to arrive at the
label price?
a) 60%
b)50%
c)45%
d)55%
I f a dealer wants to earn 15% profit on an article after
offering 25% discount to the customer, by what percentage should he increase his marked price to arrive at the
label price?
4.
5.
a) 53%
J5%
b) 5 3 - %
d) 5 3 1 %
2.b
5.
Answers
l.c
Answers
l.b
4.
of 5 per cent and the shopkeeper makes a profit of 12 per

cent by selling itforRs 141.12. Find the cost of the manufacturer.
a)Rs 100.50 b)Rsl00
c)Rsl50
d)Rs 142.51
A sells a good to B at a profit of 10% and B sells it to C
at a profit of 15%. If C pays Rs 1265 for it, what was the
cost price for A?
a)Rsll00
b)Rs950
c)Rsl000
d)Rsl250
A sells a good to B at a profit of 15% and B sells it to C
at a profit of 20% . If C pays Rs 690 for it, what was the
cost price for A?
a)Rs600
b)Rs500
c)Rs630
d)Rs580
4. a
3.c
5.d
Rule 14
750x100x100x100
2. a; Hint: Required answer =
3. b
4.c
125x125x125
Rs384
5.b
Goods passing through successive hands
Rule 15
Theorem: A sells a goods to Bat a profit ofx% and B sells

it to Cat a profit ofy%. If C pays Rs Xfor it, then the cost
Theorem: A sells a goods to Bat a loss ofx% and B sells it

to Cat a loss ofy%. IfC pays Rs Xfor it, then the price at
price for A is Rs
which A buys is Rs
100 X
2
(lOO + xXlOO + y )
(l00-*Xl00-v)
A sells a good to B at a profit of 20% and B sells it to

C at a profit of 25%. I f C pays Rs 225 for it, what was
the cost price for A?
- In: During both the transactions there are profits. So our
calculating figures would be 120, 125 and 100. A's
cost price is certainly less than C's selling price.
Ex.:
i_t:
J? ioo loo ; t _
Required price = 225 x
x - = Rs 150
120 125
Since we need a value which is less than the given
value, so our multiplying fractions should be less than
100
one. That is why we multiplied 225 with 7120
^ and
100
A sells a horse to B at a loss of 20% and B sells it to C

at a loss of 25%. I f C pays Rs 900 for it, at what price
did A buy?
Soln: Following the above formula, we have
the required answer
100
= 900x100-20
= Rsl500.
Y25
900x100x100
80x75
Exercise
1.
2.
Exercise
\s a horse to B at a profit of 5% and B sells it to C at
a profit of 10%. I f C pays Rs 2310 for it, what did it cost
I A?
a 1 Rs 2300
b)Rs2200
c)Rs2000
d)Rs2050
\e passes through the hands o f three dealers
each of whom gains 25%. I f the third sells it for Rs 750,
what did the first pay for it?
; a)Rs384
b)Rs483
c)Rs564
d)Rs374
The manufacturer of a machine sells it to a wholesale
zealer making a profit of 20 per cent on its cost, the
-holesale dealer sells it to shopkeeper, making a profit
100
100-25
3.
A sells a horse to B at a loss of 5% and B sells it to C at

a loss of 10%. I f C pays Rs 855 for it, at what price did A
buy?
a)Rs955
b)Rsl000
c)Rsl050
d)Rsll00
A sells a horse to B at a loss of 10% and B sells it to C at
a loss of 20%. I f C pays Rs 1440 for it, at what price did A
buy?
a)Rs2000
b)Rs2500
c)Rsl800
d)Rsl840
A bicycle passes through the hands of three dealers
each of whom loses 5%. I f the third sells it for Rs 6859,
what did the first pay for it?
a)Rs6900
b)Rs7000
c)Rs8000
d)Rs7950
Answers
l . b 2.a
100x100x100x6859
-,
~
95x95x95
= Rs8000
3. c; Hint: Required answer =
224
Rule 16
Theorem: A sells a goods to B at a profit of x % and B sells
it to C at a loss of y%. If C pays Rs X for it then the price at
lOO ^
which A buys is Rs [ ( o + x)(lOO-v)
2
1 0
Ex:
A sells a bicycle to B at a profit of 20% and B sells it

to C at a profit of 25%. Find the resultant profit per
cent.
Soln: Following the above formula,
The resultant profit per cent
Note: I f A sells a goods to B at a loss of x% and B sells it to

C at a profit of y%, then the formula for cost price will be
20x25
= 50%
= 20 + 25 + 100
Exercise
(l00) Jf
2
1.
(l00-x)(l00+v)
Ex.:
A sells a bicycle to B at a profit of 30% and B sells it

to C at a loss of 20%. If C pays Rs 520 for it, at what
price did A buy?
Soln: In the whole transaction there is a gain of 30% and a
loss of 20%, so our calculating figures would be 130,
80 and 100.
100
B's cost of price = 520 x J-i
As cost price =
0 x
2.
3.
4.
100 100
- ^ r 777: =Rs500.
80
130
2.
3.
A sells an article to B at a profit of 5% and B sells it to C

at a loss of 5%. I f C pays Rs 23.94 for it, what did it cost
A?
a)Rs24
b)Rs25
c)Rs26
d)Rs30
A sells an article to B at a profit of 20% and B sells it to
C at a loss of 20%. I f C pays Rs 19.20 for it, what did it
cost A?
a)Rs25
b)Rs23
c)Rs20
d)Rs24
A sells an article to B at a profit of 15% and B sells it to
C at a loss of 10%. If C pays Rs 207 for it, what did it cost
A?
4.
a)Rsl97
b)Rsl99
c)Rs201
d)Rs200
A man sells a car to his friend at 10% loss. If the friend
sells it for Rs 54000 and gains 20%, the original CP of the
car was:
[SSCExam, 1987J
a) Rs 25000 b)Rs 37500 c)Rs 50000 d)Rs 60000
Answers
l.a 2.c
3.d
4. c; Hint: See 'note' in the given formula,
Cost price = (
100x100x54000
I
_ ^
) =Rs 50000.
f
C at a profit of 17 %. Find the resultant profit per cent
0 +
a) 25%
5.
100
2 5
77
10
c)26^%
16
) 16^%
26
A sells a bicycle to B at a profit of 25% and B sells it to C

at a profit of 30%. Find the resultant profit per cent,
a) 55%
b)62.5%
c)63.5%
d)60.5%
l.d
2.b
3.a
4.c
5,b
Rule 18
Theorem: When there is a profit ofx% and loss ofy% in
transaction, then the resultant profit or loss per cent is givt
xy
JQQ j according to the + ve and the -ve signs
by
respectively.
Ex.:
A sells a bicycle to B at a profit of 30% and B sella :

to C at a loss of 20%. Find the resultant profit or loss.
Theorem: When there are two successive profits ofx% and

y% , then the resultant profit per cent is given by
x +y +
b)
Answers
the resultant profit or loss = 3 0 - 2 0 - ^
Rule 17
xy
A sells a bicycle to B at a profit of 7 % and B sells it to
Exercise
1.

at a profit of 10%. Find the resultant profit per cent.
a) 15%
b)16.2%
c)15.2%
d) 15.5%
a) 25%
b)26.5%
c)25.6%
d)26.2%
a) 3 8%
b)35%
c)36%
d)34%
0 = 4%|
100
profit, because sign is +ve.
Exercise
1.
A sells a bicycle to B at a profit of 15% and B sells it tc 1

at a loss of 5%. Find the resultant profit or loss,
a) 9.75% loss
b) 9.75% gain
225
Profit and Loss

2.
3.
4.
5.
c) 9.25% gain
d) 10.25% gain
at a loss of 20%. Find the resultant profit or loss.
a) 2% loss b) 2% gain c) 8% gain d) 8% loss
a) 3.5%gain b) 3.5% loss c) 2.5% gain d) 4.5% gain
a) 15% gain b) 14% gain c) 16% gain d) 13% gain
for Rs 15 more, 17% would have been gained. Find the

cost price.
a)Rs550
b)Rs650
c)Rs600
d)Rs500
I sold a book at a profit of 5%. Had I sold it for Rs 17
more, 15% would have been gained. Find the cost price.
a)Rs85
b)Rsl70
c)Rsl50
d)Rsl80
4.
Answers
La
2.b
3.d
4.b
Rule 20
Theorem: If a person sells a goods at a loss of x%. Had he
been able to sell it at a gain ofy%, it would havefetched Rs
X more than it did, then the cost price is given by Rs
Answers
l.c
2. a
3.b
4. a
5.b
-xlOO
x+ y
Rule 19
Theorem: If a person sells a goods at a profit ofx%. Had he
sold itfor Rs X more, y % would have been gained. Then the
cost price is given by Rs
-xlOO . In other words, cost
More gain
price - Difference in percentage profit-xlOO
Ex.:
A man sold a horse at a loss of 7%. Had he been able

to sell it at a gain of 9%, it would have fetched Rs 64
more than it did. What was the cost price?
Soln: Detail Method:
Here 109 % of cost - 93% of cost = Rs 64
.-. 16%ofcost = Rs64
64x100
.-. cost= rz =Rs400.
16
I sold a book at a profit of 12%. Had I sold it for Rs 18
more, 18% would have been gained. Find the cost
price.
Soln: Detailed Method: Here,
118% of cost -112% of cost = Rs 18
.-. 6%ofcost = Rs 18
Ex:
18x100
.-. cost=
=Rs300.
6
Quicker Method: Following the above formula, we
have
the cost price =
1.
1.
2.
64x100
16
Rs 400
A chair was sold at a loss of 10 per cent. I f it was sold for

Rs 84 more, there would have been a gain of 4 per cent.
For how much was the chair sold?
a)Rs600
b)Rs640
c)Rs540
d)Rs500
A man sells a machine at 10% below cost price. Had he
received Rs 1494 more than he did, he would have made
1
a profit of 12%. What did the machine cost?
3.
1
A man sold a table at a profit at 6 per cent. Had he
sold it for Rs 1250 more, 19 per cent would have been
gained. Find the cost price.
a) Rs 10000
b)RslOO0
c) Rs 100000
I sold a pen at a profit of 15%. Had I sold it for Rs 24
a)Rs300
b)Rs400
c)Rs450
d)Rs600
A person sold a chair at a profit of 14%. Had he sold it
Exercise
18x100
cost = .
= Rs300.
18-12
Exercise
64x100
^ ^
4.
5.
a)Rs6640
b)Rs6650
c)Rs6460
d) Rs 6440
A man had a table to sell. I offered him a sum of money
for the table which he refused as being 13% below the
value of the table. I then offered Rs 450 more and the
second offer was 5% more than the estimated value.
Find the value of the table.
a)Rs2250
b)Rs2750
c)Rs2400
d)Rs2500
I sold a book at a loss of 8% . Had I sold it for Rs 120
a)Rs900
b)Rs800
c)Rs600
d)Rs750
I sold a book at a loss of 5%. Had I sold it for Rs 72 more,
13% would have been gained. Find the cost price.
a)Rs450
b)Rs500
c)Rs300
d)Rs400
226
Answers
Ex:
84
1. c; Hint: Cost price of the chair =
.-. Selling price of the chair =
2. a
3.d
4.b
10 + 4
xlOO =Rs600
600x90
Rs540.
100
5.d
Rule 21
A person sells an article at a profit of 10%. I f he had

bought it at 10% less and sold it for Rs 3 more, he
would have gained 25%. Find the cost price.
Soln: Detail Method: Let the actual cost price = Rs 100
Actual selling price at 10%profit=Rs 110
Supposed cost price at 10% less = Rs 90
Supposed selling price at 25% gain
Theorem: When there are two successive loss of x% and

y%, then the resultant loss per cent is given by
x+y--
= Rs90 x
00
A sells a good to B at a loss of 20% and B sells it to C

at a loss of 25%. Find the resultant loss per cent.
Soln: Applying the above formula, we have, the

have
required loss per cent = 20 + 25 - ^ ^ = 40%.

100
z
4.
5.
25-
A sells a good to B at a loss of 5% and B sells it to C at

a loss of 10%. Find the resultant loss per cent.
a) 15%
b) 15.5%
c)14.5%
d) 14%
a) 26.5%
b)23.5%
c)25.5%
d)25%
a) 19.75%
b) 20.75%
c) 19.25% d)20%
a) 32%
b)38%
c)35%
d)32.5%
a) 30%
b)32%
c)26%
d)28%
Answers
l.c
2.b
4. a
1.
xlOO
zv 1
y + x + ^
lOOj
.YxlOO
2.
4.
5.
(l 00 + z\\0 -y)-\l 00 + x)
xlOO
100
A bookseller sells a book at a profit of 10 per cent. If he

had bought it at 4 per cent less and sold it for Rs 6 more.
he would have gained 18 per cent. What did it cost
5.d
Theorem: A person sells an article at a profit ofx%. If he

had bought it at y% less and sold it for Rs 'X' more, he
would have gained z%, then the cost price is given by Rs
25x10
Exercise
3.
3.c
10 + 10 +
= x l 0 0 = Rs 120.
2.5
Rule 22
or Rs
Cost Price =
Exercise
3.
= Rs 112.5
If the difference is Rs 3, the CP = y j ^ x J = Rs 120.
Ex.:
2.
100
the difference in the selling prices

= Rs 112.5- R s l l 0 = Rs 2.5
I f the difference is Rs 2.5, the CP = Rs 100
1.
125
6.
him?
a)Rs75
b)Rsl25
c)Rsl50
d)Rs200
A man bought a chair and sold it at a gain of 10%. If he
had bought it at 20% less and sold it for Rs 10 more, he
would have gained 40%. Find the cost price of the chaira)Rs500
b)Rs600
c)Rs550
d)Rs650
would have gained 50%. Find the cost price of the char
a)Rs3200
b)Rs2400
c)Rs3000
would have gained 40%. Find the cost price of the chair.
a)Rs4000
b)Rs3000 c)Rs3600 d)Rs3200
A man bought a chair and sold it at a gain of 5%. If hd
had bought it at 5% less and sold it for Rs 45 more, h j
would have gained 20%. Find the cost price of the char
a)Rs400
b)Rs500
c)Rs450
d)Rs550
A man sells an article at a profit of 10%, if he had bougi
it at 5% less and sold it for Rs 160 more he would hav
Profit and Loss
22"
made profit of 20%. Find the cost price of the article.

a)Rs4000
b)Rs8000
c)Rs4500
d)Rs7500
4.
Answers
l.c
2. a
60
3. d; Hint: Required answer =
5 0 - 20 + 20 +
60
50-50
xlOO
100
5.
100 = Can't be determined

60
50-50
4. a
20x50
- = = not defined
0
6.
6. a
5.b
Rule 23 1
Theorem: A person bought an article and sold it at a loss of
x%. If he had bought itfory% less and sold itfor RsXmore
he would have had a profit of z%, then the cost price of the
V '~- ~
X
Answers
La
2.b
3.c
x-y-
zy_
4.d
5.a
6.c
Rule 24
xlOO
article is Rs
z+
price of the article.

a)Rs850
b)Rs950
c)Rs900
d)Rs800
A person bought an article and sold it at a loss of 15%.
I f he had bought it for 5% less and sold it for Rs 87 more
he would have had profit of 20%. Find the cost price of
the article.
a)Rs200
b)Rs400
c)Rs350
d)Rs300
If he had bought it for 20% less and sold it for Rs 114
more he would have had profit of 30%. Find the cost
price of the article.
a)Rs600
b)Rs500
c)Rs700
d)Rs650
more, he would have had a profit of 40%. The CP of the
article is:
[Central Excise & I Tax, 1988|
a)Rs200
b)Rs225
c) Rs 250
d) None of these
Theorem: A man buys an article and sells it at a profit of

x%. If he had bought it aty% less and sold it for Rs X less,
he would have gained z%, then the cost price is Rs
100
Ex.:
A person bought an article and sold it at a loss of

10%. If he hacfbought it for 20% less and sold it for
Rs 55 more he would have had profit of 40%. Find the
cost price of the article.
cost price
X
x + y-z
xlOO
zy
+ ^
100
Ilustrative Example
Ex.:
55
40+ 10-20-
40x20
x l 0 0 = xlOO
22
100
A man sells an article at a profit of 20%. If he bought

it at 20% less and sold it for Rs 75 less, he would have
gained 25%. What is the cost price?
Cost price
75
= Rs250.
20+ 2 0 - 2 5 +
Exercise
1.
3.
A person bought an article and sold it at a loss of 5%. I f

he had bought it for 10% less and sold it for Rs 78 more
the article.
a) 600
b)Rs500
c)Rs650
d)Rs550
If he had bought it for 15% less and sold it for Rs 58 more
the article.
a)Rs300
b)Rs200
c)Rsl50
d)Rs250
more he would have had profit of 50%. Find the cost
25x20^1
xl00 = xlOO
20
100
= Rs375.
Exercise
1.
2.
3.
A man sells out an article at a profit of 25%. Had he

bought it at 25% less and sold it for Rs 25 less, he would
have still gained 25%. Find the cost price.
a)Rs90
b)Rs80
c)Rs70
d)Rs60
A man sells an article at a gain of 15%. If he had bought
it at 10% less and sold it for Rs 4 less, he would have
gained 25%. Find the cost price.
a)Rsl60
b)Rs260
d)Rs610
d)Rsl80
A man sells an article at a profit of 10%. If he bought it at
10% less and sold it for Rs 110 less, he would ha\
228
4.
5.

a) Rs 1100 b) Rs 1050 c) Rs ! 000 d) Rs 950
A man sells an article at a profit of 30%. If he bought it at
15% less and sold it for Rs 54.75 less he would have
d)Rs 160
a) Rs 1500 b) Rs 1600 c) Rs 150
A man sells an Stick at a profit of 40%. If he bought it at
30% less and sold it for Rs 140 less, he would have
a)Rs250
b)Rsl50
c)Rs200
d)Rs300
_ 100(112.5)
Cost Price =
2.a
3.c
4.c
1.
2.
Theorem: A dealer sells an article at a loss of x%. Had he

sold itfor RsX more, he would have gainedy%. In order to
gain z%, the selling price and the initial cost price of the
3.
X(\00+z)~
article are given by Rs
x+ y
, or
,,
More rupees (100 + % final gain)
Selling Price =
s
- ' - and
% gain + % loss
4.
100JC
Rs
x+y
respectively.
Ex.:
A dealer sold a radio at a loss of 2.5%. Had he sold it

for Rs 100 more, he would have gained 7.5%. For what
value should he sell it in order to gain 12'/2%? Find
the initial cost price also.
Soln: Detail Method: Suppose he bought the radio for Rs x.
Then selling price at 2.5% loss
= Rsx
100-2.51
97.5x
100
100
107.5*
100
107.5*
100
97.5x
jtt7-=Rs100
or, 10x= 100 x 100 .-. x = Rsl000

Therefore to gain 12.5%, he should sell for
'100 + 12.5"
Rs 1000
Rsll25
100
Quicker Method: We have the following formula,
More rupees (100 + % final gain)
Selling Price
Answers
2.c
3.b
4.d
5.d
Rule 26
100 + 7.5
From the question,
5.
l.a
and selling price at 7.5% gain = Rs x
Rs
= Rs 1000
7.5 + 2.5
A dealer sold a chair at a loss of 5%. Had he sold it for Rs

150 more, he would have gained 10%. For what value
should he sell it in order to gain 20%? Find the initial
co.V. I'rice also.
a) Rs 1200, Rs 1000
b) Rs 1300, Rs 1000
c) Rs 1000, Rs 850
d) Rs 1000, Rs 950
A dealer sold a table at a loss of 10%. Had he sold it for
Rs 75 more, he would have gained 15%. For what value
should he sell it in order to gain 25%?
a)Rs475
b)Rs575
c)Rs375
d)Rs300
A dealer sold a pen at a loss of 15%. Had he sold it for Rs
35 more, he would have gained 20%. For what value
should he sell it in order togain 5%?
a)Rsl50
b)Rsl05
e)Rsl25
d)Rsll5
A dealer sold a TV set at aloss of 20%. Had he sold it for
a) Rs 27000
b)Rs 36000
c)Rs 28000
d)Rs 26000
A dealer sold a camera at a loss of 13%. Had he sold it for
a) Rs 72720
b)Rs 27270
c)Rs 72270
d)Rs 27720
5.a
Rule 25
100x100
Exercise
Answers
l.b
= Rs 1125.
7.5 + 2.5
% gain + % loss
Theorem: A dealer sells an article at a profit of x%. If he

increases its price by Rs X, he earns a profit ofy%, then the
cost price and the initial selling price of the article are Rs
~\oox~
.y~
~(\oo+x)x'
and Rs
respectively.
y-x
Ex:
A hawker sells oranges at a profit of 25 per cent. If he

increases the selling price of each orange by 30 paise.
he earns a profit of 40%. Find the cost price and the
initial selling price of each orange.
Soln: Following the above theorem,
100x30
Cost Price = "
40-25
_
=
n n
0
paise
, . . .
(l00 + 25)x30
Initial Selling Price = ^
40-25
;
250 paise.
Profit and Loss

Exercise
Exercise
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A dealer sells an article at a profit of 15%. If he increases

its price by Rs 120, he earns a profit of 20%. Find the
cost price and the initial selling price respectively.
a)Rs2760,Rs2400
b) Rs 2400, Rs 2760
c)Rs 2400, Rs 2670
d) Rs 2670, Rs 2400
A dealer sells an article at a profit of 10%. I f he increases
its price by Rs 49, he earns a profit of 17%. Find the cost
price and the initial selling price respectively.
a) Rs 700, Rs 770
b) Rs 770, Rs 700
c)Rs600,Rs660
d) Rs 660, Rs 600
A dealer sells an article at a profit of 12%. If he increases
the its price by Rs 81, he earns a profit of 21%. Find the
cost price and the initial selling price respectively.
a)Rs 1008, Rs 800
b) Rs 800, Rs 1008
c) Rs 900, Rs 1008
d) Rs 900, Rs 1000
' 1
A hawker sells oranges at a profit of 12 per cent. I f he
increases the selling price of each orange by 60 paise, he
earns a profit of 20%. Find the cost price and the initial
selling price of each orange,
a) 900 P, 700 P
b)700P,900P
c)900P,800P
d)800P,900P
A hawker sells oranges at a profit of 30 per cent. If he
increases the selling price of each orange by 20 paise, he
earns a profit of 50%. Find the cost price and the initial
selling price of each orange.
a)100P, 130P
b) OOP, 100P
c)150P, 100 P
d)100P, 150 P
2.
3.
4.
A man had to sell rice at a loss of 5%. If he increases the

price by Rs 3 per kg, he would make a profit of 10%. Find
the cost price and initial selling price per kg of rice.
a)Rs20,Rsl9
b)Rsl9,Rs20
c)Rsl8,Rsl9
d)Rsl9,Rsl8
A man had to sell coffee at a loss of 15%. If he increases
the price by Rs 7 per kg, he would make a profit of 20%.
Find the cost price and initial selling price per kg of coffee.
a)Rsl8,Rs20
b)Rs20,Rsl8
c)Rs20,Rsl7
d)Rsl7,Rs20
A man had to sell tea at a loss of 5%. If he increases the
price by Rs 4 per kg, he would make a profit of 15%. Find
the cost price and initial selling price per kg of tea.
a)Rsl9,Rs21
b)Rs20,Rsl9
c) Rs 19, Rs 20
A man had to sell pulse at a loss of 10%. If he increases
the price by Rs 5 per kg, he would make a profit of 15%.
Find the cost price and initial selling price per kg of pulse.
a)Rs20,Rsl8
b)Rsl8,Rs20
c)Rsl5,Rsl8
d)Rsl8,Rsl5
Answers
La
2.c
3.b
Rule 28
Theorem: A dealer sells an article at a profit ofx%. Had he
sold itfor Rs x less, he would have still gained y%. In order
to gain z%, selling price and the initial cost price of the
~X(\00 + z)~
Answers
l.b-
2. a
3.c
4.d
article are given by
5. a
Theorem: A dealer sells an article at a loss ofx%. If he sells

it at RsXmore he makes a profit ofy%, then the cost price
and the initial selling price of the article are Rs
"lOOX
^
x
(l00-x)x
x+ y
x-y
\oox~
and
respec-
. ~y.
x
tively.
Rule 27
and Rs
4. a
Ex:
A dealer sold a radio at a profit of 20%. Had he sold it

for Rs 100 less, he would have gained 15%. For what
value should he sell it in order to gain 25%? Also find
the initial cost price?
Soln: Applying the above theorem, we have the
respectively.
selling price =
A man had to sell wheat at a loss of 10%. I f he increases the price by Rs 5 per kg, he would make a
profit of 20%. Find the cost price and initial selling
price per kg of wheat.
Soln: Applying the above theorem,
100x5
r * per
the required cost price =
=Rs 16y
10 + 20
kg and
100x(l00 + 25)
20-15
Ex:
5 0
the initial selling price =
(l00-10)x5
10 + 20
initial cost price =
anC
100x100 _
~
2000.
Exercise
1.
Rsl5 per kg
2.
A dealer sold a TV set at a profit of 10%. Had he sold it

value should he sell it in order to gain 5%?
a) Rs 12500
b)Rs 10500
c) Rs 9500
d) Data inadequate
A dealer-sold a camera at a profit of 12%. Had he sold it
230
3.

a)Rs5760
b)Rs6760
c)Rs7560
d)Rs6750
A dealer sold a sofa set at a profit of 18%. Had he sold it
a)Rs5880
b)Rs5850
^)Rs8550
d)Rs8850
Answers
l.b
2.a
3.c
X(\00
article are given by Rs
and Rs
\oox
Ex:
A dealer sold a radio at a loss of 20%. Had he sold it

for Rs 100 more, he would have lost 15%. For what
vafue should he self it in order to gain 25%. A/so find
the initial cost price.
Soln: Applying the above theorem, we have
100x(l00 + 25)
Rs 2500 and
20-15
100x100
= Rs 2000.
initial cost price =
20-15
selling price =
Exercise
re-
1.
A dealer sold a radio at a profit of 15%. Had he sold it

for Rs 100 more, he would have gained 20%. For what
value should he sell it in order to gain 25%? Also find
the initial cost price.
2.
V-
y-x
spectively.
Ex:
100(100 + 25)
selling price =
5
3.
= Rs 2500 and
20-15
A dealer sold a CD player at a loss of 25%. Had he sold

it for Rs 135 more, he would have lost 20%. For what
value should he sell it in order to gain 35%.
a)Rs3645
b)Rs3465
c)Rs3545
d)Rs3655
A dealer sold a TV set at a loss of 27%. Had he sold it for
Rs 500 more, he would have lost 17%. For what value
should he sell it in order to gain 40%.
a)Rs6000
b)Rs5000
c)Rs7000
d)Rs8000
A dealer sold a chair at a loss of 12%. Had he sold it for
Rs 150 more, he would have lost 3%. For what value
should he sell it in order to gain 8%.
a)Rsl600
b)Rsl800
c)Rs2100
d)Rsl500
Answers
100x100
l.a
initial cost price = - ^ r -
re-
Theorem: A dealer sells an article at a profit ofx%. Had he

sold itfor Rs X more, he would have gained y%. In order to
gain z%, selling price and the initial cost price of the arX(l00 + z)~
and Rs
spectively.
Rule 29
tide are given by Rs
+ z)
x-y
2.c
3.b
2000.
Rule 31
Exercise
1.
2.
3.
A dealer sold a camera at a profit of 5%. Had he sold it

a)Rsl320
b)Rsl330
c)Rsl230
d) Data inadequate
A dealer sold a TV set at a profit of 20%. Had he sold it
a) Rs 17400 b)Rs 14700 c)Rs 15700 d)Rs 17500
A dealer sold a pen at a profit of 12%. Had he sold it for
a)Rs68
b)Rs60
c)Rs64
d)Rs54
Answers
l.a
2.b
Theorem: If an article is sold at a profit ofx%. If both the

cost price and selling price are Rs A less, the profit would
(x + y)xA
bey% more, then the cost price is
In other words, cost price

[initial Profit % + Increase in profit %]x A
Increase in profit %
Ex:
An article is sold at a profit of 20%. If both the cost

price and selling price are Rs 100 less, the profit
would be 4% more. Find the cost price.
Soln: Detail Method: Suppose the cost price of that article
is Rs x.
3.c
(120
Rule 30
Theorem: A dealer sells an article at a loss ofx%. Had he
sold it for Rs X more, he would have still losty%. In order
to gain z%, the selling price and the initial cost price of the
The selling price = Rs x I y^Tj

New cost price and selling price is Rs (x -100) and Rs
120"
100
100
respectively.
Profit and Loss
231
Rule 32
H__ o|-(*-100)
100
New profit = Rs
Theorem: A dealer sells an article at a profit of.x%. If he

reduces the price by Rs X, he incurs a loss ofy%, then the
1 0
120
= Rs
= Rs x
,100
20
100
x+ y
.-. New percentage profit
x-100
and Rs
Ex:
xl00 =
20x
100
We are also given that the new percentage of profit

= 20+4 = 24%
20*
or,
= 24 r , 4x = 2400
x-100
.-. x = 600
Thus cost of the article = Rs 600
Quicker Method: When cost price and selling price
are reduced by the same amount (say A) then
Cost price
A man sells wheat at a profit of 5%. I f he reduces the

price by Rs 4 per kg, he would make a loss of 15%.
Find the cost price and the initial selling price per kg
of wheat.
cost price
1.
= Rs 600
Exercise
2.
3.
4.
5.
An article is sold at a profit of 10%. If both the cost price

and selling price are Rs 25 less, the profit would be 5%
more. Find the cost price.
a)Rs65
b)Rs60
c)Rs75
d)Rs72
a)Rsll9
b)Rsll4
c)Rsl08
d)Rsll2
An article is sold at a profit of 14%. I f both the cost price
and selling price are Rs 132 less, the profit would be
12% more. Find the cost price.
a)Rs286
b)Rs268
c)Rs266
d)Rs276
a)Rsl76
b)Rsl86
c)Rsl56
d)Rsl96
a)Rsl99
b)Rs399
c) Rs 299
d) Data inadequate
Answers
l.c
2.b
3.a
4.a
5.c
Rs 20 and
Exercise
2.
In this case, Cost price = Rs
15 + 5
Increase in profit %
(20 + 4)xl00
100x4
7
...
(100 + 5)4
selling price = i
' = Rs 21.
15 + 5
[initial profit % + Increase in profit %]x A
1.
respectively.
x+ y
20
100
(\00 + x)x~
]Q0X
3.
4.
5.
A man sells rice at a profit of 10%. If he reduces the price

by Rs 3 per kg, he would make a loss of 20%. Find the
initial selling price per kg of rice.
a)Rsl0
b)Rsll
c)Rs9
d)Rs21
Ram sells pulse at a profit of 15%. If he reduces the price
by Rs 4 per kg, he would make a loss of 25%. Find the
initial selling price per kg of pulse.
a)Rsll
b)Rs 11.25 c ) R s l l . 5
d)Rs 11.75
Anubhav sells tea at a profit of 20%. I f he reduces the
price by Rs 10 per kg, he would make a loss of 30%. Find
the initial selling price per kg of tea.
a)Rsl2
b)Rsl6
c)Rs20
d)Rs24
Shakshi sells coffee at a profit of 12%. If he reduces the
the initial selling price per kg of coffee.
a)Rsll2
b)Rsll7
c)Rsl29
d)Rsll3
Shashank sells salt at a profit of 18%. I f he reduces the
the initial selling price per kg of salt.
a)lRs23.5
b)Rs32.6
c)Rs32.5
d)Rs23.6
Answers
l.b
2.c
3.d
4. a
5.d
Rule 33
Theorem: A dealer sells an article at a profit of x%. If he
reduces the price by Rs X, he makes a profit ofy% then the
~(\00 + x)X~
and Rs
x-y
respectively.
232
the percentage profit increases by 10%. Find the cost

price.
a)Rs50
b)Rs75
c)RslO0
d)Rs40
An article is sold at 25% profit. I f its cost price and selling price are less by Rs 20 and Rs 17.5 respectively and
price.
a)Rs75
b)Rs80
c)Rs70
d)Rs65
Ex.:
A hawker sells oranges at a profit of 40%. If he reduces the selling price of each orange by 30 paise, he
earns a profit of 25%. Find the cost price and the
initial selling price of each orange.
100x30
cost price
40-25
- 200 paise and
(100 + 40)30
selling price
3.
40-25
4.
= 280 paise.
selling price are less by Rs 10 and Rs 8.85 respectively
Exercise
1.
2.
3.
A hawker sells mango at a profit of 35%. I f he reduces

the selling price of each mango by 10 paise, he earns a
profit of 20%. Find the initial selling price of each mango,
a) 90 paise b) 80 paise c) 95 paise d) Re 1
A hawker sells apple at a profit of 40%. If he reduces the
selling price of each apple by 40 paise, he earns a profit
of 20%. Find the initial selling price of each apple.
a) 140 paise b) 280 paise c) 160 paise d) 260 paise
A hawker sells orange at a profit of 25%. I f he reduces
the selling price of each orange by 60 paise, he earns a
profit of 5%. Find the initial selling price of each orange,
a) 375 paise b) 400 paise c) 475 paise d) 360 paise
Answers
l.a
2.b
An article is sold at 12 % profit. I f its cost price and
and the percentage profit increases by 7 %. Find the

cost price.
5.
a)Rs21
b)Rs32
c)Rs52
d)Rs42
An article is sold at 30%profit. I f its cost price and selling price are less by Rs 25 and Rs 19 respectively and
price.
a)Rs97
b)Rs92.5
Answers
l.d
2. a
3.c
4.d
Rule 34 \
~c{P-p)-\00(s-c)]
price of that article is Rs
_ c(P +
Ex:
p)-\00(s-c)
Ex:
An article is sold at 20% profit. I f its cost price and

selling price are less by Rs 10 and Rs 5 respectively
and the percentage profit increases by 10%. Find the
cost price.
Soln: Using the above formula:
10
Exercise
1.
An article is sold at 10% profit. I f its CP and SP are

increased by Rs 15 and Rs 5 respectively, the percentage of profit decreases by 5%. Find the cost price.
a)Rs215
b)Rs213
c)Rs512
d)Rs312
2.
An article is sold at 1 2 - % profit. If its CP and SP are
Rs 80.
2.
An article is sold at 10% profit. I f its cost price and selling price are less by Rs 5 and Rs 2.5 respectively and the
percentage profit increases by 5%. Find the cost price.
a)Rs40
b)Rs45
c)Rs60
d)Rs65
An article is sold at 15% profit. If its cost price and selling price are less by Rs 10 and Rs 7.5 respectively and

increased by Rs 20 and Rs 4 respectively, the percentage of profit decreases by 15%. Find the cost
price.
Soln: Quicker Method: Applying the above formula,

Cost Price
15
20(25 -15) 15
-100(4 - 2 0 ) _ 1800
Rs 120.
Exercise
1.
5.b
Rule 35 >
Theorem: An article is sold at P% profit. If its cost price is

lowered by Rs c and at the same time its selling price is also
lowered by Rs s, and the percentage of profit increases by
p%.
Then the cost price of that article is
10
d)Rs98
Theorem: An article is sold at P% profit. If its cost price

and selling price are increased by Rs c and Rs s respectively and percentage profit decreases by p%, then the cost
3.a
10(20 +10)-100(5-10)_ 800
c)Rs98.5
increased by Rs 10 and Rs 2 respectively, the percentage of profit decreases by ^ %. Find the cost price.
233
Profit and Loss

2
1
1
a ) R s H 6 j b ) R s H 4 - c)Rs 113- d)Rs 113
Cost price of the chair

3
25 x
An article is sold at 5% profit. I f its CP and SP are increased by Rs 7.50 and Rs 2.50 respectively, the percent1
age of profit decreases by 2 %. Find the cost price.
a)Rs215
b)Rs207.5 c)Rs215.5 d)Rs270.5
a)Rs45
b)Rs58
c) Rs 54
d) Data inadequate
a) Rs 58
b)Rs60
c)Rs68
d) Rs 54
xl00 = Rs 240
Exercise
1.
2.
2.c
, 1
A person sells his table at a profit of 12 % and the
the chair at a profit of 12 % then he neither gains nor

3.b
4.c
5.a
Rule 36
Theorem: If a person sells an item 'A' at a profit ofx% and
the other item 'B' at a loss ofy% but on the whole he gains
Rs X. On the other hand if he sells the item 'A' at a loss of
y% and the item 'B' at a profit ofx% then he neither gains
t
^
Xx
-xlOO
nor loses, then the (i) Cost Price ofAisRs
x -y
\
Xy
x
100
and the (ii) Cost Price of B is Rs
)
3.
4.
Ex:
A person sells his table at a profit of 25% and the chair at

a loss of 20% but on the whole he gains Rs 18. On the
other hand if he sells the table at a loss of 20% and the
chair at a profit of 25% then he neither gains nor loses.
Find the cost price of the table and the chair.
a) Rs 200, Rs 160
b) Rs 160, Rs 200
c)Rs250,Rsl80
d)Rs210,Rs 170
chair at a loss of 10% but on the whole he gains Rs 9. On

the other hand if he sells the table at a loss of 10% and
Answers
l.a
25
A person sells his table at a profit of 12% and the
chair at a loss of 8 % but on the whole he gains Rs
5.
25. On the other hand if he sells the table at a loss of

8% and the chair at a profit of 12% then he
3
2
neither gains nor loses. Find the cost price of the
table and the chair.
Answers
l.a
25 x
Cost price of the table =
= Rs360.
2.b
25
-xlOO
fj"
loses. Find the cost price of the table and the chair.
a)Rs210,Rsl70
b)Rs200,Rs 160
c) Rs 250, Rs 160
d) Data inadequate
other hand i f he sells the table at a loss of 5% and the
a)Rsl20,Rs40
b)Rsl50,Rs90
c) Rs 40, Rs 120
d) Data inadequate
a)Rsl40,Rs20
b)Rsl50,Rs40
c)Rsl20,Rs40
d)Rsl80,Rs40
a)Rs200,Rsl00
b)Rs 100,Rs200
c)Rs250,Rsl50
d)Rs 150,Rs250
3.a
4.c
5.a
Rule 37
Theorem: If cost price of x articles is equal to the selling
price of y articles, then the profit percentage =
^^xl00%
234
If cost price of 12 articles is equal to the selling price of

8 articles. Find the profit per cent,
a) 50%
b)40%
c)60%
d)30%
A man sells 320 mangoes at the cost price of 400 mangoes. His gain per cent is:
|Asstt. Grade Exam. 1987|
c)15%
d)20%
a) 10%
b)25%
Ex:
The cost price of 10 articles is equal to the selling

price of 9 articles. Find the profit per cent.
Soln: Detail Method: Let the cost price of 1 article be Re 1
.-. Cost of 10 articles = Rs 10
.-. Selling price of 9 articles = Rs 10
Selling price of 10 articles = Rs
10x10
Rs
100
Answers
l.a
2.b
100
10
. gain on Rs 10 = Rs - Rs 10 = Rs
13. b; Hint: Required answer =
-x 100 = 25%
100
,,1
. gain on Rs 100 = Rs =Rs H 4. c; Hint: Here, x - y = 22 metres.
5. a
6.b
.-. profit per cent is H %.
Rule 38
Another Method:
To avoid much calculation we should suppose that
the total investment = 1 0 x 9 = Rs 90
Theorem: An article is sold atx% profit. If its cost price is

increased by Rs A and at the same time if its selling price is
also increased by Rs B, the percentage profit becomes y%,
Then cost price of 1 article = y r = Rs 9

A-B +
I r ! ! : S y u : : ; l ^ : k- t
90
and selling price of 1 article = =Rs 10
.-. % profit =
x 100 = I x 100 = 111%
By Direct Formula (given in theorem)
then the cost price of the article is
100
xlOO.
Note: (x -y) is the difference in the profits.
Ex:
% profit = ^ - ^ x l 0 0 = l l i %
Exercise
1.
Ay)
An article is sold at 20% profit. I f its cost price is

increased by Rs 50 and at the same time i f its selling
price is also increased by Rs 30, the percentage of
2
profit becomes 1 6 y % . Find the cost price. [The last
The cost price of 24 articles is equal to the selling price

of 18 articles. Find the gain per cent.
statement of the question may be written as "the per1
<s>/LW
centage
2.
3.
I sell 16 articles for the some money as I paid for 20.

What is my gain per cent?
a) 24%
b)25%
c)30%
d)35%
If the selling price of of a number of books be equal
o f profit
a)20%
4.
b)25%
d)
a)25%
2
b) 6 6 - %
1
)33-%
d)20%
.1
-*y%
le

50-30 +
2
16-%
By selling 66 metres of cloth, I gain the cost of 22 metres.

Find my gain per cent.
by
2
1 ^
20%-16-% = 3-%
3
3
to the cost price of the whole, find the profit per cent.
1
c) 3 3 - %
decreases
Cost Price =
10
3
50x50
300
xlOO =Rs850.
Exercise
I.
An article is sold at 10% profit. I f its cost price is increased by Rs 25 and at the same time if its selling price
Profit and Loss
235
25% profit.
is also increased by Rs 15, the percentage of profit becomes 5%. Find the cost price.
a)Rs325
b)Rs525
c)Rs225
d)Rs255
a)Rs390
b)Rs290
c) Rs 190
d) Data inadequate
Now, profit
100J
x
x
x
or, + + 20
20
10
20
5x1' 2 4 '
100
T2l Joo
Rs 62
62
62x20
4x
o r , = 62 :.x = - = R 3 1 0 .
S

the
value of commodity
An article is sold at '2% profit. I f its cost price is

price is also increased by Rs 20, the percentage of profit
becomes 7 % . Find the cost price.
a)Rs225
b)Rs245
c)Rs345
d)Rs249

price is also increased by Rs 35, the percentage of profit
becomes 15%. Find the cost price.
s
d)Rsl56
b) Rs 2 2 6 - c) Rs 2 9 3 -
1.
16% profit and the rest at 12% profit. If a total profit of

Rs 75 is earned, then find the value of the commodity.
a)Rs300
b)Rs250
c)Rs350
d)Rs325
2.
3.b
4. a
5.b
Rule 39
<
Where
4.
x+y+z=Mai).
1
1
- of a commodity is sold at 15% profit, is sold at
5.
20% profit and the rest at 24% profit. I f a total profit of

SBB : Detail Method: Suppose the value of the commodity
'*
x
x^
+ _
3
3
1
of a commodity is sold at 15% profit, is sold at 15%
profit and the rest at 15% profit. Ifa total profit of Rs 37.5
is earned, then find the value of the commodity.
a)Rs250
b)Rs200
c)Rs350
d)Rs300
x
x
was Rs x. Then was sold at 15% profit, was
3
4
sold at 20% profit and
1
1
of a commodity is sold at 25% profit, is sold at
a)Rs550
b)Rs450
c)Rs650
d)Rs500
nstrative Example
fc.
1
1
of a commodity is sold at 24% profit, 77 is sold at
a)Rsl00
b)Rs300
c)Rs200
d)Rsl50
TWorem: Ifxpart is soldatm%profit,ypart is sold atn%

ftfit, z part is sold at p% profit and Rs P is earned as
mmerall profit then the value of total consignment =
IP x 100
tr^r+~pz' (
3
1
a)Rs345
b)Rs335
c)Rs385
d)Rs435
3.
2.b
2
1
d) Rs 2 2 6 -
Answers
Ic
- x l 5 + - x 2 0 + x24
3
4
12
Exercise
a)Rs246
62x100
5+5+10
Rs310.
An article is sold at 22% profit. I f its cost price is
2
2
1
a ) R 1 4 6 y b ) R s ! 5 6 y ) R s 146-
62x100
Answers
5 x
4 - 7y was sold at
l.a
2.b
3.c
4.d
5.a
236
Rule 40
Theorem: Ifx part is sold atm% profit and the resty part is
sold at n% loss and Rs P is earned as overall profit then the
4.
( PxlOO"
value of the total consignment is Rs
XTfi
fly .
5.
Ex.:
Two-thirds of a consignment was sold at a profit of

6% and the rest at a loss of 3%. I f there was an overall
profit of Rs 540, find the value of the consignment.
Soln: Detail Method: Suppose the value of consignment
a)Rs6500
b)Rs5700 c)Rs5600 d) Data inadequate
4/7th of a consignment was sold at a profit of 42% and
the rest at a loss of 28%. I f there was an overall profit of
Rs 84, find the value of the consignment.
a)Rs650
b)Rs750
c)Rs600
d)Rs700
a)Rsl600
b)Rs 1400 . c)Rs 1500 d)Rsl200
Answers
l.a
2.b
3.c
4.d
5.a
Rule 41
was Rs x. Then x was sold at 6% profit, i.e., for Rs
2
106
1100
Theorem: If a person bought two items for Rs P. He soli

one at a loss of x% and the other at a gain of y% and he
found that each item was sold at the same price, then the
cost prices of two items are given as follows:
P(l00+y)
97
And part is sold at Rs ^
\lx(
Now,profit=
106 |
x( 97
( io J 3ilOO
N
300
Since
0
.-. x = Rs
and
(ii) Cost price
P(l00-x)
'
_ 309*-300* _ 9x
X
300
~300
tiAn
= 540
9 x
Yl
_ 212*+ 97*
since,
(i) Cost price of the item sold at loss is (1 QO - x) + (l 00 + \
^ 100
=Rs 18,000.

the value of Consignment =
at gain
480 x ( l 00 + % profit)
( l 0 0 - 1 5 ) + ( l 0 0 + 19)
= Rs 18,000.
204

a)Rs640
b)Rs960
c)Rs460
d)Rs740
4 '5th of a consignment was sold at a profit of 25% and
a)Rs6000
b)Rs7000 c)Rs7500
d)Rs8000
it
A person bought two watches for Rs 480. He SCJC

one at a loss of 15% and the other at a gain of 1
and he found that each watch was sold at the sane
price. Find the cost prices of the two watches.
Soln: Direct Formula : CP o f watch sold at loss
480x119
Exercise
3.
sold
r
i
6x 3 x 3
3
2.
item
(l00-.r)+(l00+v)'
Total Profit xlOO

2
f
% profit x % loss x 3
3
540x100
1.
the
Ex.:
540x300
of
= Rs280.
CP of watch sold at gain = 480 - 280 = Rs 200.

Note: CP of watch sold at gain
480 x ( l 0 0 - % loss)
(lOO-15)+(lOO + 19)
= Rs200.
Exercise
1.
2.
A person bought two horses for Rs 960. He sold one

a loss of 20% and the other at a gain of 60% and
found that each horse was sold at the same price. F
the cost price of two horses.
a)Rs640,Rs320
b) Rs 540, Rs 420
c)Rs440,Rs520
d)Rs650,Rs310
A person bought two goats for Rs 630. He sold one
loss of 10% and the other at a gain of 20% and he f
Profit and Loss
237
that each goat was sold at the same price. Find the cost
price of two goats.
a)Rs350,Rs280
b) Rs 360, Rs 270
c)Rs340,Rs290
d)Rs300,Rs330
A person bought two oxen for Rs 410. He sold one at a
loss of 20% and the other at a gain of 25% and he found
that each ox was sold at the same price. Find the cost
price of two oxen.
a) Rs 240, Rs 170
b) Rs 230, Rs 180
c) Rs 260, Rs 150
d) Rs 250, Rs 160
A person bought two tables for Rs 201. He sold one at a
that each table was sold at the same price. Find the cost
price of two tables.
a)Rsll5,Rs86
b)Rsll4,Rs87
c)Rsll6,Rs85
d)Rsll9,Rs82
A person bought two chairs for Rs 380. He sold one at a
that each chair was sold at the same price. Find the cost
price of two chairs.
a)Rs225,Rsl55
b) Rs 226, Rs 154
c) Rs 224, Rs 156
d) Data inadequate
Profit =
2.b
3.d
4. a
.-. % profit =
Nandlal purchased 20 dozen notebooks at Rs 48 per

dozen. He sold 8 dozen at 10% profit and the remaining 12 dozen at 20% profit. What is his profit percentage in this transaction?
: Cost price of 20 dozen notebooks = 20 * 48 = Rs 960
(no)
Selling price of 8 dozen notebooks = Rs 8 * 481 JTJjjj
2.
3.
.-. total selling price = Rs
8x10+12x20
320
20
20
16%
A person buys 50 mangoes at Rs 2 each. He sells . th of

the mangoes at 5% profit and the remaining mangoes at
15% profit. What is his total profit percentages in this
transaction?
a) 20%
b) 13%
c) 16%
d) 14%
Rachana purchased 25 dozens Jackets at Rs 5000 pedozen. He sold 12 dozens at 15% profit and the remaining 13 dozens at 25% profit. What is his profit percentage in this transaction?
a)20%
b)25.5%
c)20.5%
d)20.2%
Radha purchased 13 dozens pens at Rs 70 per dozen. I ! ;
sold 10 dozens at 7% profit and the remaining 3 doze:
at 7% profit. What is his profit percentage in this (reaction?
a) 8%
b)7%
c)10%
d) 14%
Ramesh purchased 30 bananas at Rs 3 each. He so'J I
bananas at 15% profit and the remaining at 30%pr6lit.
What is his profit percentage in this transaction?
a) 33%
b)22%
c) 17%
d)31%
1
4.
Answers
1. b;
Hint: Here m = 50 x - = 10 mangoes and n
2. d
= 40 mangoes
3b
^4.b
Selling price of 12 dozen notebooks

120)
= Rs 12 x 481 "
100 J
1 6 %
Exercise
Total of two parts
L:
-Tx^6ir^
Here, total ^ 20 dozens are sold in two parts;

first part = 8 dozens and second part ~ 12 dozens.
m+n
lustrative Example
r o f , t
Total of two parts
rnx + ny
First part x % profit on first part + Second part

x % profit on sec ond part
768
S
(First part x % profit on first part + )

[second part x % profit on second part j
Rule 42
this transaction is
960 = R
Quicker Method:
Percentage profit
5.c
Theorem: A person buys certain quantity of an article for

Ms A. If he sells mth part of the stock at a profit ofx% and
ak<? remaining nth part aty% profit, then the per cent profit
5568
5568
768x100
p
1.
\nswers
l.a
Rs
50
10
Rule 43
2112
3456
Rs
Theorem: If xpart is sold at m% loss, y part is sold at u%

loss, the rest part z is sold at p% loss and Rs P is overall
238
Exercise
PxlOO
loss, then the value of total consignment is
y +
3
- of a consignment was sold at 8% loss and the rest at
1.
Ex:
aprofitof4%. Iftherewas an overall loss of Rs 120, find

the value of the consignment.
a)Rs2450
b)Rs2500 c)Rs2400
d)Rs2600
y of a commodity is sold at 15% loss, is sold at
20% loss and the rest at 24% loss. I f a total loss is Rs

62, then find the value of the commodity.
62x100
= Rs310.
Total value
4
- of a consignment was sold at 10% loss and the rest at
2.
a profit of 5%. If there was an overall loss of Rs 840, fine

- x l 5 + - x 2 0 + x24
3
4
12
a) Rs 12000 b) Rs 16000 c) Rs 14000 d) Data inadequate

4
of a consignment was sold at 21 % loss and the rest at
a profit of 14%. I f there was an overall loss of Rs 600.
find the value of the consignment,
a) Rs 60000 b)Rs 10000 c)Rs 15000 d)Rs 12000
Exericse
1.
1
2
- of a commodity is sold at 15% loss, is sold at 12%
loss and the rest at 18% loss. I f a total loss is Rs 45, then
find the value of the commodity.
a)Rs200
b)Rs250
c)Rs300
d)Rs450
2.
3.
1
1
- of a commodity is sold at 16% loss, is sold at 24%
4
loss and the rest at 32% loss. If a total loss is Rs 54, then
find rbu value of the commodity.
a)Rs200
b)Rs300
c) Rs 150
d) Data inadequate
3.
4.
of a consignment was sold at 16% loss and the rest a

8
a profit of 8%. Iftherewas an overall loss of Rs 140, fire
the value o f the consignment.
a)Rs2000
b)Rs2500
c)Rsl800
d)Rs2400
3
of a consignment was sold at 15% loss and the rest x
5.
a profit of 10%. If there was an overall loss of Rs 15, fir

a)Rs200
b)Rs250
c)Rs350
d)Rs300
1
2
of a commodity is sold at 12% loss, ~ is sold at 15%
loss and the rest at 30% loss. I f a total loss is Rs 72, then
find the value of the commodity.
a)Rs360
b)Rs450
c) Rs 400
d) Data inadequate
Answers
l.c
2. a
2.a
3.c
Rule 44
Theorem: Ifx part is sold atm% loss and the other rest part
y is sold atn% profit andRsP is overall loss, then the value
PxlOO
of total consignment is Rs
5.d
Ex:
at a profit of 3%. Iftherewas an overall loss ofR^540,

find the value of the consignment.
5
y + xn
xm yn
of a consignment was sold at 6% loss and the rest
total value =
Theorem: A person buys certain quantity of an article]

Rs A. If he sells nth part of the stock at a loss of x%, them^
make an overall profit of y% on the total transaction
should sell the remaining stock at the per cent profit
l-n
Ex:
4. a
Rule 45
Answers
l.c
3.b
6x
= Rs 18000. I
x3
I f goods be purchased for Rs 450, and one thira m

sold at a loss of 10 per cent, at what gain per i-m
should the remainder be sold so as to gain 20 per ?m
on the whole transaction?
1
Cost of one third of goods = - of Rs 450 = Rs Ira
The selling price of one-third of goods = Rs 150 >= Rsl35
> x
255
Profit and Loss

. . . 120
The total selling price is to be Rs 450 x rRs540
O
Hence the selling price of the remaining two-thirds of

the goods must be (Rs 450 - Rs 135) or Rs 405.
But the cost of this two-thirds = Rs 300
.-. gainonRs300 = Rs405-Rs300 = Rs 105
*sa isq iiwiw JA J?b I jto ego!
.-. gain on Rs 100 = - of Rs 105 = Rs 35.
to make an overall profit ofy% on the total transaction he

should sell the remaining stock at the per cent profit or loss
of
the required % profit =
35%
according to the f+ve) or (-ve) sign.
1
Ex:
.-. gain % is 35.

have
20 + lOx
y-xn
l-n
A man buys rice for Rs 4400. He sells r rd of it at a

profit of 5%. At what per cent gain should he sell
remaining ~ rd so as to make an overall profit of 10%
on the whole transaction?

10-5x
: ^ = . I %
2
2
the required % profit

Exercise
A distributor buys books for Rs 8000 from a publisher.
He had to sell one-fourth at a loss of 20%. At what per
cent gain he should sell the remaining stock so as to
make an overall profit of 10% on the total transaction?
a) 20%
b)25%
c) 18%
d) 16%
1
If goods be purchased for Rs 840, and one fourth be
sold at a loss of 20 per cent, at what gain per cent should
the remainder be sold so as to gain 20 per cent on the
whole transaction.
a) 3 3 - %
3
c) 3 3 - %
2
b)33%
Exercise
1.
A man buys wheat for Rs 5200. He sells' rd of it at a

profit of 6%. At what per cent gain should he sell remauling rd so as to make an overall profit of 12% on
the whole transaction?
a) 24%
b)20%
d) 3 3 - %
3
2.
c)22%
d)26%
A man buys tea for Rs 8400. He sells th of it at a profit
If goods be purchased for Rs 380, and rd be sold at a

of 15%. At what per cent gain should he sell remaining
loss of 15 per cent, at what gain per cent should the
remainder be sold so as to gain 10 per cent on the whole
transaction.
a) 60%
b)70%
c)90%
d)40%
th so as to make an overall profit of 20% on the whole

transaction?
a) 27%
b)27.5%
c)28%
d) Data inadequate
If goods be purchased for Rs 480, and th be sold at a

loss of 25 per cent, at what gain per cent should the
remainder be sold so as to gain 25 per cent on the whole
transaction.
3.
A man buys pulse for Rs 4800. He sells th of it at a

profit of 25%. At what per cent gain should he sell remaining th so as to make an overall profit of 19% on
a) 37% b) 3 7 y %
c) 3 2 ^ % d) Data inadequate
a) 15%
b)18%
Answers
2.d
3. a
4.b
Rule 46

Ms 4. If lie sells nth part of the stock at a profit ofx%, then
c)21%
d) 12%
A man buys coffee for Rs 7200. He sells ~ t h of it at a

o
profit of 24%. At what per cent gain should he sell remaining th so as to make an overall profit of 21% on
8
240
he should sell the remaining stock so as to make an

overall no profit no loss on the total transaction?

a) 18^%
5.
b) 2 0 - %
) 1 9 - % d) Data inadequate
A man buys rice for Rs 5520. He sells th of it at a profit
3
a) 1 4 - %
4.
2
2
b) 1 6 y % c) 1 4 - %
.
d) Data inadequate
A distributor buys books for Rs 670 from a publisher. He
of 14%. At what per cent gain should he sell remaining
had to sell - t h at a loss of 16%. At what per cent gain
th so as to make an overall profit of 18% on the whole

transaction?
a) 28%
b)24%
c) 27%
d) Data inadequate
a) 9 | %
Answers
l.a
2.b
3.a
4.c
b) 9 | %
d) | %
) 9y%
5.a
Rule 47
He had to sell ~ th at a loss of 6%. At what per cent gain

6

Rs A. If he sells nth part of the stock at a loss ofx%, then to
make an overall no profit no loss on the total transaction,
he should sell the remaining stock at the per cent profit of

a) 20%
b)30%
c)32%
d)25%
Answers
l.d
2. a
3.c
4.a
5.b
Rule 48
Ex:
A distributor buys books for Rs 8000 from a publisher. He had to sell one-fourth at a loss of 20%. At
what per cent gain he should sell the remaining stock
so as to make an overall no profit no loss on the total
transaction?
the required per cent profit =
20x1
4

Rs A. If he sells nth part of the stock at a profit ofx%, then
to make an overall no profit and no loss on the total transaction he should sell the remaining stock at the per cem
loss of
%
.1-/7
5x4
Ex:
1-1
A man buys rice for Rs 4400. He sells - rd of it at a
profit of 5%. At what per cent loss should he seB
Exercise
1.
2.
3.

He had to sell one-third at a loss of 30%. At what per
cent gain he should sell the remaining stock so as to
make an overall no profit no loss on the total transaction?
a) 25%
b) 12%
c)10%
d) 15%
A distributor buys books for Rs 750 from a publisher. He
2
had to sell th at a loss of 15%. At what per cent grin
a) 10%
b)9%
c)12%
d) 15%
A distributor ouys books for Rs 510 from a publisher
tm^liîihîîici^sde^^c^
dJ" oakum
had to sell th at a loss of 18%. At what per c*.:
remaining rd so as to make no profit no loss on the

whole transaction?
5xthe required per cent loss =
,
= = 2%
1 1 2
Exercise
1.
A man buys coffee for Rs 4500. He sells ~ rd of it

profit of 6%. At what per cent loss should he sell re
2-:
Profit and Loss

ing rd so as to make no profit no loss on the whole
transaction?
a) 10%
b)6%
c) 12%
d)18%
Ex:
A man buys 400 oranges at 4 a rupee and 500 oranges

at 2 a rupee. He mixes them together and sells them at
3 a rupee. Find his per cent loss or gain.
Soln: Applying the above formula,
(400 + 500)x4x2
% profit or loss
A man buys tea for Rs 4600. He sells th of it at a profit
(400x2 + 500x4)x3
-1 x l 0 0 %
of 15%. At what per cent loss should he sell remaining

7
-ve sign shows that there is a loss in the transaction.

- th so as to make no profit no loss on the whole transaction?
a) 10%
b) 12%
c)14%
d)8%
A man buys wheat for Rs 4800. He sells th of it at a
profit of 14%. At what per cent loss should he sell re-
% loss
Exercise
1.
2
maining th so as to make no profit no loss on the
whole transaction?
a) 25%
b)30%
d) Data inadequate
profit of 16%. At what per cent loss should he sell re-
2.
a ) 1 4 y / loss
b) 1 4 - % profit
c) 16% loss
d) 16% profit
whole transaction?
a) 9 - %
5
b) 9 - %
5
c) 9 - %
5
d) Data inadequate
3.
4.
A man buys cereals for Rs 6000. He sells th of it at a
profit of "18%. At what per cent loss should he sell remaining ~ th so as to make no profit no loss on the
c)65%
A man buys 300 oranges at 5 a rupee and 450 oranges at

1
2 a rupee. He mixes them together and sells them at 4
maining th so as to make no profit no loss on the

8
\nswers
c
2. a
A man buys 200 bananas at 8 a rupee and 250 bananas at

4 a rupee. He mixes them together and sells them at 6 a
rupee. Find his per cent loss or gain.
5
c) 35%
A man buys grains for Rs 4750. He sells th of it at a
whole transaction?
a) 64%
b)60%
14-%
7
5.
d) 63%
a rupee. Find his per cent loss or gain.

a) Approx. 28% loss
b) Approx. 28% profit
c) Approx. 22% loss
d) Approx 29% profit
A man buys 25 apples at 8 a rupee and 35 apples at 4 a
rupee. He mixes them together and sells them at 6 a rupee. Find his per cent loss or gain.
a) 15%
b)16%
c) 16.78%
d) 15.78%
A person purchased 100 oranges at 4 a rupee and 200
oranges at 2 a rupee. He mixed them and sold at 3 oranges a rupee. Find his per cent loss or gain.
a) 20% loss b) 25% loss c) 20% profit d) 25% profit
A person buys 100 toffees at 10 a rupee and 200 toffees
at 5 a rupee. He mixes them together and sells at 4 a
rupee. Find his per cent profit.
a) 20%
b)25%
c)40%
d)50%
Answers
3.c
4. a
5.d
l.a
2.c
3.d
4. a
5.d
Rule 50
Rule 49
Theorem: A man purchases a certain number of articles at

Theorem: A man purchases m articles atx a rupee and n
x
articles aty a rupee. He mixes them together and sells them a rupee and the same number aty a rupez. He mixes them
together and sells them atza rupee. Then his gain or loss %
ml z a rupee. Then his gain or loss per cent is
(m + n)xy
I {my + nx)z
2xy
xlOO /o according as the +ve or -ve sign.
z{x + y)
-1 x 100 according as the sign is +ve or -ve.
242
Note: This rule is the special case of Rule - 49. If we put m
= n in the Rule - 49 we get Rule - 50.
Exercise
1.
Ex. 1: A man purchases a certain number of mangoes at 3
per rupee and the same number at 4 per rupee. He
mixes them together and sells them at 3 per rupee.
What is his gain or loss per cent?
Son:
By the theorem:
"2x3x4
Profit or loss per cent =
xlOO
3(3 + 4)
24
xl00 =
00
2.
J
21
A man purchases a certain number of oranges at 5 per

rupee and the same number at 6 per rupee. He mixes
them together and sells them at 8 per rupee. What is his
gain or loss per cent?
a) 33% loss
b) 3 1 % loss
c) 31 % loss
d) 33 % profit
A man purchases a certain number of oranges at 6 perupee and the same number at 8 per rupee. He mixes
them together and sells them at 6 per rupee. What is his
gain or loss per cent?
Since the sign is +ve, there is a gain of 14% .

a) 14% gain
Ex.2:
A man purchases a certain number of toffees at 25 a

rupee and the same number at 20 a rupee. He mixes
them together and sells them at 45 for 2 rupees. What
does he gain or lose per cent in the transaction?
Soln: By the theorem:
45
x = 25, y = 20 and z =
{x + y)
2x25x20
"
22.5(25 + 20)
1000-1012.5
1012.5
100
12.5
xlOO
xl00 =
1012.5
Oranges are bought at 11 for a rupee and an equal

number more at 9 for a rupee. If these are sold at 10 for
a rupee, find the loss or gain per cent.
Soln: By the theorem:
"2x11x9
10(11 + 9)
4.
c) 14% gain
d) 1 4 - / loss
5.
xlOO
6.
-2
- 1 xl00 = x l 0 0 = - l %
200
200
Since the sign is -ve there is a loss of 1%.
Note: (1) From the above two eamples, we find that w i n * z
7.
there is always loss.
(2) If there is x = y = z, there is neither gain nor loss.

Do you agree?
A man purchases a certain number of toffees at 15

rupee and the same number at 10 a rupee. He mixes then
together and sells them at 35 for 2 rupees. What does
gain or lose per cent in the transaction?
h
"
7 % gain
;ii 1
b)31y%gain
C) 3 1 y % loss
198
x+v
b) 14% loss
xlOO
Ex.3:
gain
a) l
i. %
Since the sign is -ve there is a loss of 1i
81
% profit or loss
i e | % loss
- 1 xlOO
ii81
"IT
d )
A man purchases a certain number of toffees at 20 a

rupee and the same number at 15 a rupee. He mixes thetogether and sells them at 40 for 2 rupees. What does he
gain or lose per cent in the transaction?
= 22.5
2xy
.-. % profit or loss
V loss
b) 1 6 - % loss
d) 3 1 - 9/ loss
3
Oranges are bought at 12 for a rupee and an equal nur

ber more at 8 for a rupee. I f these are sold at 15 for
rupee, find the loss or gain per cent,
Oranges are bought at 16 for a rupee and an equal number more at 14 for a rupee. I f these are sold at 20 fc
rupee, find the loss or gain per cent,
a) 25% loss
b) 25.3% profit
c) 25.6% loss
d) 25.3% loss
A man buys a certain number of oranges at 20 per ruad
and an equal number at 30 per rupee. He mixes them ami
sells them at 25 per rupee. What is his gain or loss pal
cent?
a) 4% profit b) 4% loss c) 20% profit d) 20% lc
243
Profit and Loss
prices of the two chairs.

a)Rs375,Rs360
b)Rs385,Rs350
c) Rs 370, Rs 365
d) Data inadequate
A person bought two goats for Rs 920. He sold one at a
gain o f 18% and the other at a gain of 12% and he found
that each goat was sold at the same price. Find the cost
prices of the two goats.
a)Rs462,Rs458
b) Rs 472, Rs 448
c) Rs 482, Rs 43 8
d) Data inadequate
A person bought two oxen for Rs 500. He sold one at a
gain of 23% and the other at a gain of 27% and he found
that each ox was sold at the same price. Find the cost
prices of the two oxen.
a)Rs264,Rs236
b) Rs 244, Rs 266
c) Rs 254, Rs 246
d) Data inadequate
A person bought two sofa-sets for Rs 2800. He sold one
at a gain of 35% and the other at a gain of 45% and he
found that each sofa-set was sold at the same price.
Find the cost prices of the two sofa-sets.
a)Rs 1430, Rs 1370
b)Rs 1440, Rs 1360
c)Rs 1460, Rs 1340
d)Rs 1450, Rs 1350
A man buys a certain number of oranges at 5 a rupee and

an equal number at 3 a rupee. He mixes them together
and sells at 4 a rupee. Find his per cent profit or loss.
3.
9.
a) 6 ^ % profit
b) 25% profit
c) 6% loss
d) Data inadequate
A man buys toffees at 6 a rupee and an equal number of

toffees at 3 a rupee. He mixes them together and sells at
4\ rupee. Find his per cent loss or profit,
a) Neither loss nor profit b) 100% loss
c) 100% profit
4.
Answers
l.b
8.c
2. a
9. a
3.b
4.d
5. a
6.d
7.b
5.
Rule 51
Theorem: If a person bought items A and B for Rs R He
sold A at a gain ofx% and the other at a gain ofy% and he
found that each item A and B was sold at the same price,
then the
(0 cost price of A = (
l.a
2. a
4.c
3.b
(l00+y)x/>
c ) ( l 0 0 + y) and the
1 0 0+
5.d
Rule 52
Theorem: If certain article is bought at the rate of 'A 'for a

rupee, then to gain x%, the article must be sold at the rate
(l00 + s)x/>
(ii) cost price of B
Answers
(l00 + x)+(l00 + y)-
100 )
f V100 + x j * ^ f
or
A person bought two horses for Rs 690. He sold one

at a gain of 10% and the other at a gain of 20% and he
found that each horse was sold at the same price.
Find the cost prices of the two horses.
Soln: Following the above theorem, we have the
(i) cost price of the first horse
ru
ee
(R
e m e m D e r
the rule of frac-
Ex:
(l00 + 20)x690
(100 10)+(100 + 2 0 )
(ii) cost price of the second horse
=
= R S 3 6
tion).
Ex:
I f toffees are bought at the rate of 25 for a rupee, how

many must be sold for a rupee so as to gain 25%?
125
5
Soln: Detail Method: SP of 25 toffees = Re 1 x = Rs 100
4
No. of toffees sold for Rs = 25
4
(100 + I0)x690
(l00 + 10)+(l00 + 20)
Rs330
Exercise
1.
2.
A person bought two tables for Rs 860. He sold one at

a gain of 5% and the other at a gain of 10% and he found
that each table was sold at the same price. Find the cost
prices of the two tables.
a) Rs 440, Rs 420
b) Rs 460, Rs 400
c) Rs480, Rs 380
d) Data inadequate
A person bought two chairs for Rs 735. He sold one at a
gain of 20% and the other at a gain of 25% and he found
that each chair was sold at the same price. Find the cost
No. of toffees sold for Re 1
25x4
= 20
Short-cut Method (Method of Fraction):

As there is 25% gain so our calculating figure would
be 125 and 100. Now, to gain a profit the number of
articles sold for one rupee must be less than the number bought for one rupee. Thus the multiplying frac100
tion is
125
required no. of toffees = 25 x
100
125
= 20 .
244
Exercise
1.
2.
3.
4.
I f oranges are bought at the rate of 21 for a rupee, how

a)20
b) 18
c) 16
d) 19
I f apples are bought at the rate of 11 for a rupee, how
many must be sold fr>r a rupee so as to gain 10%?
a) 10
b) 12
c)15
d)8
If bananas are bought at the rate of 30 for a rupee, how
a) 24
b)25
c)28
d)30
A man buys oranges at 6 a rupee. For how many a rupee
he should sell them so as to gain 20%.
a) 4 oranges a rupee
b) 5 oranges a rupee
c) 3 oranges a rupee
d) Data inadequate
Px-\WX
(ii) one item of B is
Ex:
If a man buys 10 pens and 5 pencils for Rs 500, and

sells the pens at a profit of 10% and the pencils at a
loss of 15%, and his whole gain is Rs 25. What price
does he pay for a pen and a pencil?
100x25 + 500x15
price of a pen
2.a
3.b
500x10-100x25
;
4.b
Rule 53
\WX-Py
one item of A is
and
n(x-y)
~Px-\00X~
one item of B is
100 A" -Py
n(x - y)
'
(ii) one item of B is
and
'mx-Px
or
m(y-x)
~\00X-Px
m(x-y)
m{y-x)
A man buys 5 horses and 7 oxen for Rs 5850. He sells

the horses at a loss of 10% and oxen at a loss of 16%
and his whole loss is Rs 711. What price does he pay
for a horse and a ox?
100 + 711-5850x16
Ex:
A man buys 5 horses and 7 oxen for Rs 5850. He sells

the horses at a profit of 10% and oxen at a profit of
16% and his whole gain is Rs 711. What price does he
pay for a horse and a ox?
price of a horse
price of a ox =
100x711-5850x16
5(10-16)
5850x10-100x711
-7\ Rs 300 .
7U0-16J
Rs750
3. If a man buys n items ofA and m items of Bfor Rs P.

and sells the items of A at a loss ofx% and the items
ofB at a profit ofy%, and his whole loss is Rs X.
then the price he pays for one item of A is
Price of a horse =
-22500
= Rs750
30
5850x10-100x711
Price of a ox =
or
Ex:
Px-\ 00 A"
m(x - y \
Rs 20
5(10 + 15)
2. If a man buys n items ofA and m items ofB for Rs P,

and sells the items of A at a loss ofx% and the items
ofB at a loss ofy%, and his whole loss is Rs X, then
the price he pays for
Theorem: If a man buys n items of A and m items ofBforRs

P, and sells the items of A at a profit ofx% and the items of
B at a profit of y%, and his whole gain is Rs X, then the
price he pays for
(i) one item of A is
Rs 40 and
10(10 + 15)
the price of a pencil
Answers
l.a
m(x + y) _
and
7(10-16)
one
item
of B
is
58500-71100
= Rs 300.
-42
Note: 1. If a man buys n items of A andm items ofB for Rs P,
and sells the items of A at a profit of x% and the
items of B at a loss ofy%, and his whole gain is Rs
X, then the price he pays for
\00X+
(i) one item of A is
Py
n(x + y)
and
m(x + y)
Ex:
I f a man buys 10 pens and 5 pencils for Rs 500, and

sells the pens at a loss of 10% and the pencils at a
profit of 15% and his whole loss is Rs 25. What price
does he pay for a pen and a pencil?
Soln: Following the above,theorem, we have the
.
,
100x25 + 500x15 ,
price of a pen =
-.
= Rs 40 and the
10(10 + 15)
5
245
Profit and Loss

500x10-100x25
price of a pencil =
5(10 + 15)
*
Then his total investment
Rs20
4
20"
2*x2
4*
Total selling price = Rs ~ = Rs ~9~
9
x
9* 4x
81*-80x
total loss = " ~9
" 180
180
= R S
Exercise
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A man buys 20 pens and 16 books for Rs 360. He sells

pens at a profit of 40% and books with a gain of 25%. I f
his overall gain is Rs 120, the CP of the pen is
.
a)Rsl3
b)Rsl2
c)Rsl5
d)Rsl0
6 horses and 8 cows cost me Rs 37500.1 sell them for Rs
44625 making a profit of 25 percent on the horses and 10
per cent on the cows. What is the average cost of each
horse and of each cow.
a)Rs3750,Rs!875
b) Rs 3650, Rs 1975
c) Rs4750, Rs 2875
d) Data inadequate
A man buys5 horses and 7 oxen for Rs 58500. He sells
the horses at a profit of 10 per cent and oxen at a profit of
16 per cent and his whole gain is Rs 7110. What price
does he pay for a horse?
a) Rs 7500
b) Rs 3000
c) Rs 8500
d) Rs 5700
A man buys 3 tables and 12 chairs for Rs 2400. He sells
the tables at a profit of 20% and chairs at a profit of 10%
and makes a total profit of Rs 300. At what price did he
buy tables and chairs?
a)Rs600,Rsl800
b)Rs200,Rs350
c) Rs 800, Rs 1400
Raman buys 5 pens and 30 pencils for Rs 1000. He sells
the pens at a profit of 15% and pencils at a profit of 10%
and makes a total profit of Rs 120. Find the cost of a pen
and of a pencil.
a)Rs70,Rs30
b)Rs85,Rsl5
c) Rs 80, Rs 20
d) Data inadequate
then Rs
3. a
4. a;
x = 180x3 = 540
loss rupees x 2xyz
3x2x5x4x4.5
120x4.5
4.5(5 + 4 ) - 2 x 5 x 4
40.5-40
z(x + y)-2xy
= 1080 oranges.
Exercise
1.
2.
Hint: Here ' X ' = gain = Rs 44625 - Rs 37500 = Rs 7125

Now apply the above rule and get the answer.
4.
5. c
Rule 54
A person bought some oranges at the rate of 5 per
rupee. He bought the same number of oranges at the
rate of 4 per rupee. He mixes both the types and sells
at 9 for rupees 2. In this business he bears a loss of Rs
3. Find out how many oranges he bought in all?
Soln: Detail Method: Suppose he bought x oranges of each
quality.
Rs3
Number of total oranges bought =
3.
Hint: By the formula we calculate price of one table

and one chair ie Rs 200 and Rs 150 respectively.
.-. required answer = the price of 3 tables
= 3 x200 = Rs600
and the price of 12 chairs = 12 x 150 = Rs 1800.
180
Therefore he bought 2 * 540 = 1080 oranges in total.

Quicker Method: In the above question:
I f * oranges/rupee and y oranges/rupee are mixed in
same numbers and sold at z oranges/rupee then
Answers
1. d
2. a;
9x
Ex.:
A person bought some oranges at the rate of 6 per rupee. He bought the same number of oranges at the rate
of 4 per rupee. He mixes both the types and sells at 10 for
rupees 2. In this business he bears a loss of Rs 4. Find
out how many oranges he bought in all?
a) 480 oranges
b) 840 oranges
c) 490 oranges
d) Data inadequate
out how many oranges he bought in all?
a) 240 oranges
b) 120 oranges
c) 180 oranges
d) Cann't possible
out how many oranges he bought in all.
a) 240 oranges
b) 680 oranges
c) 480 oranges
d) Cann't possible
A person bought some oranges at the rate of 12 per
rupee. He bought the same number of oranges at the
rate of 8 per rupee. He mixes both the types and sells at
20 for rupees 2. In this business he bears a loss of Rs 8.
Find out how many oranges he bought in all?
a) 1680
b)1820
c)1920
d) 1290
Answers
l.a
3. d;
4. c
2.b
Hint: Applying the given formula, we get no. of oranges = -240, that is not possible.
246
l O x - 1 0 0 - x = 100
Rule 55
Theorem: If a tradesman marks his goods atx% above his
cost price and allows purchasers a discount ofy% for cash,
k_l
x=
= 22 %
9
9
Exercise
1.
then there is \~y~
J % profit or loss according to
+ve or ve sign respectively.

-ve sign
x
100
wnen x = y, tnen lormuia oecomes
indicates that there will be always loss.
2
note:
A shopkeeper labels the price of articles 20% above the

cost price. If he allows Rs 31.20 off on a bill of Rs 312;
find his profit per cent on the article.
}BSRBMumbaiPQ, )999}
1
b)12j
2.
Ex. 1: A tradesman marks his goods at 25% above his cost
&
2
c) 1 1 -
l
d)8j
D
A trader allows a discount of 5 per cent for cash payment. How much per cent above the cost price must he
mark his goods to make a profit of 10 per cent?
price and allows purchasers a discount of 12 % for

cash. What profit % does he make?
Soln: Detail Method: Let the cost price = Rs 100
Marked price = Rs 125
a) 15%
'
19
3.
b l 15%
19
;
C
;
) 19 %
19
d) 15%
19
;
A tradesman marks his goods 30 per cent above cost

price but makes a reduction of 6 per cent on the marked
Discount = 12-o/oofRs 125 = Rs 1 5 2

8
price for ready money, find his gain per cent.
to 520J s - ^ ^ a u g H M f t f t 5
3
reduced price = Rs 125-Rs 1 5 - = R 1098
8
a) 2 6 %
'
10
4.
.-. gain per cent = 109 J - 1 0 0 = 9 ^ %
8
8
have
5.
x = 25%,y= 1 2 - %
2
b)27l%
c ) 2 1
Zo
/ o
d ) 2 2
/ o
A tradesman's charges are 20 per cent over cost price. If

he allows his customers 10 per cent off their bills for
cash payment, what is his gain per cent?
|RRB Exam 1999]
a) 4%
b)8%
c)10%
d) 12%
A tradesman marks his goods at 30 per cent above the
cost price. I f he allows a discount of 3 paise in a Re off
the marked price, what percentage of profit does he make
a) 25%
b)27%
c)28%
d)26%
How much per cent above the cost price should a shopkeeper mark his goods so that after allowing a discount
of 10%, he should gain 26%.
a) 16%
b)40%
c)30%
d)36%
The marked price is 10% higher than CP. A discount of
10% is given on marked price. In this kind of sale the
seller.
[RRB Exam 19911
a) bears no loss, no gain b) gains
c) loses
d) loses 1%
0
x-y-
6.
100
,J
'2
25 x25 V
3
1% = 9 j % profit
200
Note: Thus we see that i f

x = marked percentage above CP
V = discount in per cent
z = profit in per cent
Then there exists a relationship;
xy
100
Ex. 2: A trader allows a discount of 10% for cash payment.
How much % above cost price must he mark his goods
to make a profit of 10%?
Soln: I f we use the relationship discussed above, we have
z=
7.
Answers
x-y-
Iflv
l.a;
31 20
Hint: Here,* = 20%, v =
312 x 100 = 10%
2.b;
Hint: x-S-
300
5*
= 10
..15..
247
Profit and Loss

J. c
5. d;
4.b
Hint: Here x =30% and y = discount = 3 paise in 1 Re
ie
Exercise
1.
A man buys two chairs for Rs 1250. He sells one so as to

lose 5% and the other so as to gain 20%. On the whole
he neither gains nor loses. What does each chair cost?
a)Rsl000,Rs250
b)Rs 1100, Rs 150
c)Rs900,Rs350
d) Rs 950, Rs 300
A man buys two tables for Rs 1750. He sells one so as to
he neither gains nor loses. What does each table cost?
a) Rs 1000, Rs 750
b) Rs 1050, Rs 700
c) Rs 950, Rs 800
A man buys two oxen for Rs 3000. He sells one so as to
he neither gains nor loses. What does each ox cost?
a)Rs2500,Rs500
b)Rs2100,Rs900
c)Rs 2400, Rs 600
d) Rs 2700, Rs 300
A man buys two goats for Rs 440. He sells one so as to
he neither gains nor loses. What does each goat cost?
a)Rs306,Rsl34
b) Rs300, Rs 140
c) Rs 308, Rs 132
A man buys two horses for Rs 1550. He sells one so as
to lose 23% and the other so as to gain 27%. On the
whole he neither gains nor loses. What does each horse
cost?
a)Rs807,Rs743
b)Rs817,Rs733
c)Rs827,Rs723
d)Rs837,Rs713
' 00 = 3% . Now apply the given formula and
get the answer.

2.
6. b;
10
Hint: ^ - 1 0 - ^ ^ - = 26
7. d;
.-. x = 40%
Hint: See 'Note" given in the formula
3.
loss%= ^ - = 1%
100
Rule 56
Theorem: If a man buys two items A and B for Rs P, and
sells one item A so as to losex% and the other item B so as
to gain y%, and on the whole he neither gains nor loses,
Py
then
(i) the cost of the item A is
4.
x+ y
and
Px
5.
(ii) the cost of the item B is

yj
Ex.:
A man buys two horses for Rs 1350. He sells one so

as to lose 6% and the other so as to gain 7.5%. On the
whole he neither gains nor loses. What does each
horse cost?
Soln: Detail Method: Loss on one hors e= gain on the other
.-. 6% of the cost of first horse = 7.5% of the cost of
the second.
Cost of first horse _ 7.5% _ 15 _ 5
" Cost of second horse
6%
12 4
Dividing Rs 1350 in the ratio of 5 :4,
Cost of first horse = Rs 750
Cost of the second = Rs 600
Quicker Method: The above rule may be written as
given below.
Cost of first horse
CP of both x % loss or gain on 2nd
% loss or gain on 1 st + % loss or gain on 2nd
Answers
l.a
1350x7.5
cost of 1 st horse = r ~ = Rs 750 and the
6 + 7.5
1350x6
cost of 2nd hose = r - r = Rs 600.
6 + 7.5
4.c
5.d
Rule 57
^100-x^
100+v
Ex:
By selling oranges at 32 a rupee, a man loses 40%.

How many for a rupee should he sell in order to gain
20%?
Soln: Applying the above formula, we have,
/100-40 |
the required answer = 32i
U 0 0 + 20
N
CP of both x % loss or gain on 1 st
Now, applying the formula, we have the
3.a
Theorem: By selling a certain item at the rate of 'X' items a

rupee, a man loses x%. If he wants to gain y%, then the
number of items should be sold for a rupee is
Cost of second horse
% loss or gain on 1 st + % loss or gain on 2nd
2.b
32x60
120
16
Exercise
1.
2.
By selling bananas at 21 a rupee, a man loses 30%. How

many for a rupee should he sell in order to gain 5%?
a) 15
b) 12
c)14
d) 16
By selling apples at 46 a rupee, a man loses 15%. How
a) 17
b)34
c)27
d)24
248
3.
4.
5.
By selling mangos at 44 a rupee, a man loses 20%. How

a) 32
b)30
c)33
d)28
By selling oranges at 35 a rupee, a man loses 25%. How
a)35
b)21
c)25
d)30
By selling 12 oranges for one rupee a man loses 20%.
How many for a rupee should he sell to get a gain of
20%?
(CDS Exam 1989|
a) 5
b)8
c)10
d) 15
5.
outlay. What would he have gained or lost per cent by

selling it for Rs 63?
a) 10% profit
b) 20% loss
c) 10% loss
d) Data inadequate
Answers
1. b
2. a;
Answers
l.c
2.b
3. a
4.b
5.b
Hint: From the given formula we have to find the

value y as given below.
100+y
100+10,
Rule 58
Theorem: By selling an article for RsA,a dealer makes a
profit of x%. If lie wants to make profit of y%, then he
should increase his selling price by Rs
y100 + x
100+y
the selling price is given by Rs
1
By selling an article for Rs 77 a person gained of his
100 + x
and
x 5060 = 4370 .-. y = -5%
Here, -ve sign shows that there is a loss.

3. b
4. b;
Hint:
100 + ^ 6 3
247.50
100 + 5 J12
50
y = - 1 % [-ve sign shows loss]

.-. required answer = 1% loss
xA
100+y ?
5. c;
By selling an article for Rs 19.50 a dealer makes a
profit of 30%. By how much should he increase his
selling price so as to make a profit of 40%. Find the
selling price also.
Hint:
100 + 10
77 = 63
Ex.:
40-30
increase in selling price
100 + 30
19.50 = Rs 1.5
[* = ^ o f o u t l a y =
.-. y = -10% .-. there is a loss of 10%.
Rule 59
Theorem: By selling an article for Rs A, a dealer makes a
loss of x%. If he wants to make a profit of y%, then he
and
100 + 40
the selling price
100 + 30
100 = 10%]
should increase his selling price by Rs

19.50= Rs 21
x+ y
lOO-x
and
'(100 + y
Exercise
1.
2.
3.
4.
By selling wheat at Rs 2.34 a kg a grocer gained 17%. At

what price should he have sold it to gain 20%?
a)Rsl.40
b)Rs2.40
c)Rs3.40
d)Rs3.50
A machine is sold for Rs 5060 at a gain of 10%. What
would have been gained or lost per cent i f it had been
sold for Rs4370?
a) 5% loss b) 5% gain c) 22% gain d) 22% loss
A time piece is sold for Rs 64 at a gain of 28%. What
would be gained or lost per cent by selling it for Rs 47.50
P?
a) 4% profit b!5%loss c) 4% loss d) 5% profit
By selling 12 kg of onions for Rs 63,1 gain 5%. What do
1 gain or lose per cent by selling 50 kg of the same onions for Rs 247.50?
a) 20% loss b) 1 % loss c) 5% loss d) 1% profit
the selling price is given by Rs
100
Ex. 1: By selling an article for Rs 160 a dealer makes a loss of
20%. By how much should he increase his selling
price so as to make a profit of 25%. Also find the
selling price.
25 + 20
increase in selling price =
x 160 = Rs 90 and
xl60 = Rs250
100-20
100 + 25
Ex. 2: A man bought a certain quantity of rice at the rate of
Rs 150 per quintal. 10% of the rice was spoiled. At
the selling price
Profit and Loss
249
what price should he sell the remaining to gain 20%

of his outlay?
Soln: "10% of the rice is spoiled" may be considered as i f
he bought the rice at 10% loss, ie if he sells the rice at
Rs 150 per quintal, 10% loss will occur. Now, applying
the above formula, we have
the selling price
100 + 20
Rs 150
100-10
R s l 5 0 x ^ - = Rs200
90
Answers
3.d
l.c
2. a
6 bo.o,
Hint- ( ( j
Mini.
m
0 0+
y 1 8
4. a
l>
^
2 0
7. a
f
2.
3.
By selling salt at Rs 55.80 per quintal a dealer lost 7 per

cent. At what price should he have sold it to gain 7 per
cent?
a)Rs64
b)Rs 64.02 c)Rs 64.20 d)Rs 64.25
By selling a carriage for Rs 570,1 would lose 5%. At what
price must I sell it to gain 5%?
a)Rs630
b)Rs840
c)Rs420
d)Rs730
By selling a book for Rs 14 a book seller would lose
8. c;
Hint:
\
100+y
x "60 = 77
100
100
x = I of outlay = - x 100 = %
7
7
7
.-. y = 10% .-. required answer = 10% gain.
9.c
Rule 60
12% . At what price should he sell it to gain 12*i% .
4.
a)Rsl6
b)Rs28
c)Rs24
d)Rsl8
By selling clay at Rs 38 a kilogram, a dealer lost 5%. At
what price should he have sold it to gain 30%?
a)Rs52
b)Rs78
c)Rs54
d)Rs64
5.
I f 6 per cent is lost by selling an article for Rs 9.35, for
6.
what price should it be sold to gain 13%?

a)Rsll
b)Rs 12.30 c)Rs 11.30 d)Rs 13.30
A horse is sold for Rs 1230 at a loss of 18%. What would
have been gained or lost per cent i f it had been sold for
Rsl600?
7.
Theorem: A dealer buys an item atx% discount on its original price. If he sells it at a y% increase on the original
price, then the per cent profit he gets is
b) 6 y % gain
xlOO
100-
Ex:
A dealer bought a horse at 20% discount on its original price. He sold it at 40% increase on the original
price. What percentage profit did he get?
dealer's profit per cent = ^ q ^ o
c) 6% gain
1.
I f 13% is lost by selling goods for Rs 295.80, what would

be gained or lost per cent by selling them for Rs 323?
B E r ^ A U * w > a itmj v$L\m<-
y+x
x 1 0 0
Exercise
a) y % loss
6
1 6 0 0
A o/
... V = = 6 - % gain
Exercise
1.
5.c
3)33^%
2.
S.
If by selling an article for Rs 60, a person loses of his
9.
outlay. What would he have gained or lost per cent by

selling it for Rs 77?
a) 20% gain b) 20% loss c) 10% gain d) 10% loss
On selling an article for Rs 240, a trader loses 4%. In
order to gain 10%, he must sell that article for
[NDA Exam, 1990]
a)Rs264.00 b)Rs273.20 c)Rs275.00 d)Rs280.00
A dealer bought a horse at 10% discount on its original

price. He sold it at 20% increase on the original price.
What percentage profit did he get?
c)ll|%
d)9j-%

a) 5 f %
3.
b)9^-%
c) 7 %
' 19
d) 5%
19
;

1
a) 2 6 - %
2
b) 1 6 - %
1
) 9 3 - % d) Data inadequate
250
Answers
l.a
2. b
turned to his hand.

3.c
810
.-. A's% loss = ^
x
Rule 61
.-. B's % gain =
Ex:
A trader bought a car at 20% discount on its original

price. He sold it at 40% increase on the price he bought
it. What percentage of profit did he make on the original price?
% profit = 4 0 - 2 0
by
1.
1.

it. What percentage of profit did he make on the original
price?
a) 11.5%
b) 10.5%
c)ll%
d) 10%
price?
a) 8%
b)6%
c)10%
d) 12%
price?
a) 5.5%
b)6.5%
c)4.5%
d)3.5%
2.
3.
4.
Answers
2.a
100 = 10%
% gain ( 1 0 0 - % loss)
100
10(100-10)
3.c
9%
100
9 ^
and loss amount = 9000 [j^j
=R
40 x 20
= 12%.
Exercise
l.b
8100
In this case, A's loss%
Exercise
3.
Quicker Maths (direct formula): In such case,

the first buyer bears loss and his % of loss is given
100
2.
B gains Rs 810 (the same as A loses) and his investment in this transaction is Rs 8100.
Theorem: If a trader buys an article atx% discount on its

original price and sells it at y% increase on the price he
buys it, then the percentage of profit he makes on the original price is y-x-
'
A horse worth Rs 16000 is sold by A to B at 5% loss. B

sells the horse back to A at 5% gain. Find the value of
loss amount.
a)Rs860
b)Rs760
c)Rsl260
d)Rs960
loss amount.
a)Rsl530
b)Rsl630 c)Rsl350 d)Rsl550
loss amount.
a)Rsl380
b)Rsl480 c ) R s l l 8 0 d)Rsl280
loss amount.
a) Rs 937.5
b)Rs938
c)Rs 938.5
Answers
Rule 62
l.b
A horse worth Rs 9000 is sold by A to B at 10% loss.

B sells the horse back to A at 10% gain. Who gains
and who loses? Find also the values.
2. a
3.d
Ex:
4. a
Rule 63
Theorem: A person marks his goods x% above the cost
price but allows y% discount for cash payment. If he sells
the article for Rs X, then the cost price is
(90)
A sells to B for Rs 9000 I T T T J =RS8100
100
100 + x
100
100-
yj
110
Again, B sells to A for Rs 8100
100
= Rs8910
Thus, A loses Rs (8910 - 8100) = Rs 810.

In this whole transaction, A's investment is only Rs
9000 (the cost of the horse) because the horse re-
Ex:
Satish marks his goods 25% above the cost price but
allows 12.5% discount for cash payment. If he sells
the article for Rs 875, find his cost price.
Profit and Loss
251
Soln: Applying the above formula, we have the
3.
100 Y
100
cost price = 875 100 + 25 A 100-12.5 = Rs 800
N
Exercise
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ramesh marks his goods 20% above the cost price but
allows 20% discount for cash payment. If he sells the
article for Rs 960, find his cost price.
a)Rs800
b)Rs900
c) Rs 1000
d) Data inadequate
Rakesh marks his goods 10% above the cost price but
allows 10% discount for cash payment. I f he sells the
a)Rs3000
b)Rs2400 c)Rs2500
d)Rs2000
Ritesh marks his goods 15% above the cost price but
a)Rs4000
b)Rs4200 c)Rs4300
d)Rs4125
Rishav marks his goods 30% above the cost price but
a)Rs3500
b)Rs2800 c)Rs2950
d)Rs3000
Answers
l.c
3.a
Rule 65
100 + 25
Then, first selling price = Rs
3x 5x
<*> Y " T
5x
.
=
.-. x = R<= 4
A milkman buys some milk. If he sells it at Rs 5 a litre,

he loses Rs 200, but when he sells it at Rs 6 a litre, he
gains Rs 150. How much milk did he purchase?
Soln: Detail Method: Difference in selling price = Rs 6/litre
-Rs5/litre = Re 1/litre.
If he increases the SP by Re 1/litre, he gets Rs 200 +
Rsl50 = Rs350more.
.-. Cost price/mango = Rs 4
f 125
Rs5.
and first selling price = 41

Quicker Maths (direct formula):
100 x More charge
Rs350
Cost price =
Selling price
D i f f e r e n c e
i n
p r o f i t
and
= 350 litres milk.

More charge (100 + % first profit)
Quicker Maths (direct formula)

Quantity of milk
Difference of amount
Difference of rate
Rs
100
5x ,
(100 + 50^1 3x
+\ x\
4
I 100 J 2
Ex.
350
If he charges Re 1 more and gets 50% profit then

there exists a relationship.
Rule 64
Re 1/litre
3.a
A fruit merchant makes a profit of 25% by selling

mangoes at a certain price. If he charges Re 1 more on
each mango, he would gain 50%. Find what price per
mango did he sell at first. Also find the cost price per
mango.
Soln: Detail Method: Suppose the cost price of a mango be
Rsx.
4.d
.-. he purchased
2.b
Ex:
Answers
2.d
A milkman buys some milk. If he sells it at Rs 8 a litre, he

loses Rs 233, but when he sells it at Rs 9 a litre, he gains
Rs 317. How much milk did he purchase?
a) 550 litres b) 450 litres c) 600 litres d)_/>0liri
150
Thus in this case
(-200)
100x1
6-5
= 350 litres.
CP =
50-25
1x125
Rs4,SP =
50-25
Rs5.
Exercise
1.
Exercise
A milkman buys some milk. If he sells it at Rs 10 a litre, he
a) 360 litres b) 700 litres c) 350 litres d) 175 litres
1 A milkman buys some milk. I f he sells it at Rs 2 a litre, he
a) 100 litres b) 50 litres c) 75 litres d) Data inadequate
% Difference in profit
2.
A fruit merchant makes a profit of 15% by selling oranges at a certain price. I f he charges Rs 2 more on each
orange, he would gain 35%. Find what price per orange
did he sell at first. Also find the cost price per orange.
a)Rsll.5,Rsl0
b)Rs 10.5, Rs 11
c)Rsl2,Rsll.5
d)Rsll.5,Rs9
A fruit merchant makes a profit of 5% by selling apples
at a certain price. If he charges Rs 2 more on each apple,
he would gain 30%. Find what price per apple did he sell
252
3.
4.
at first. Also find the cost price per apple,

a) Rs 8.4, Rs 6
b) Rs 8, Rs 6.4
c) Rs 8.4, Rs 8
d) None of these
A fruit merchant makes a profit of 10% by selling bananas at a certain price. If he charges Re 1 more on each
banana, he would gain 20%. Find what price per banana
did he sell at first. Also find the cost price per mango.
a)Rs24,Rs20
b)Rsl2,Rsl0
c)Rs24,Rsl2
d)Rs20,RslO
A fruit merchant makes a profit of 10% by selling mangoes at a certain price. I f he charges Re 1 more on each
mango, he would gain 25%. Find what price per mango
did he sell at first. Also find the cost price per mango.

12.5x9x14x2x11
the required answer =
2.5x4x1.5x5
1
a)Rs 8 - , R
3
3.
c)Rs 6 y , R
2
63
b)Rs 8 - R
'
3
5-
63
Exercise
1.
2.
4.
Answers
l.a
2.c
3.b
4. a
Rule 66
Theorem: The rule of column: x kg of milk costs as much as
y kg of rice, z kg of rice costs as much as p kg ofpulse, w kg
of pulse costs as much as t kg of wheat, u kg of wheat costs
as much as v kg of edible oil. Ifn kg of milk costs Rs A, then
Axxxzxwxuxm
the cost of m kg of edible oil is Rs
nxyxpxtxv
Note: 1 x kg of milk costs as much as y kg of rice, z kg of
rice costs as much as p kg of pulse, w kg ofpulse
costs as much as t kg of wheat, u kg of wheat costs
as much as v kg of edible oil. If k kg of edible oil
costs Rs B, then the cost of n kg of milk is Rs
Bxvxtxpxyxn
kxuxwxzxx
Ex.:
9 kg of rice costs as much as 4 kg of sugar, 14 kg of

sugar costs as much as 1.5 kg of tea, 2 kg of tea costs
as much as 5 kg of coffee. Find the cost of 2.5 kg of
rice, i f 11 kg of coffee costs Rs 462.
the required answer
462x2.5x4x1.5x5
=
, ,
= Rs 12.50
11x2x14x9
2. For detail please consult "Magical
Quicker Maths"
Ex:
5.
6.
9 kg of rice costs as much as 4 kg of sugar, 14 kg of

sugar costs as much as 1.5 kg of tea, 2 kg of tea costs
as much as 5 kg of coffee, find the cost of 11 kg of
coffee, if 2.5 kg of rice costs Rs 12.50.
5 chairs cost as much as 12 stools, 7 stools as much as 2

tables, 3 tables as much as 2 sofas, if the cost of 5 sofas
be Rs 8750, find that of a chair.
a)Rs800
b)Rs875
c)Rs950
I f 2 horses are worth 3 camels, and 9 camels are worth 10
bicycles and 100 bicycles are worth 3 motor cars, what is
the price of a horse, if a motor car costs Rs 192000?
a)Rs960
b)Rs9600
c)Rs320
d)Rs3200
If 3 cups cost as much as 2 plates and 9 plates as much
as 2 kettles and one kettle as much as 3 dishes, what is
the price of a cup, if a dish costs Rs 13.50?
a)Rs6
b)Rs3
c)Rs9
d)Rsl2
A gets Rs 3 as often as B gets Rs 4, B gets Rs 5 as often
as C gets Rs 6, C gets Rs 8 as often as D gets Rs 15, if A
gets Rs 3.25, what will D get?
a)Rs9.50
b)Rs9.25
c)Rs9.75
10 kg of rice costs as much as 20 kg of wheat, 25 kg of
wheat costs as much as 2 kg of tea, 5 kg of tea costs as
much as 25 kg of sugar. Find the cost of 6 kg of sugar if
4 kg of rice costs Rs 32.
a)Rs60
b)Rs50
c)Rs65
d)Rs45
20 kg of potato costs as much as 5 kg of tomato, 12 kg of
tomato costs as much as 30 kg of onion, 15 kg of onion
costs as much as 18 kg of cabbage. I f 10 kg of cabbage
costs Rs 50. Find the cost of 24 kg of potato.
a)Rs90
b)Rs72
c)Rsl08
d)Rs96
Answers
1. a; Hint: See Note:
x rupees = 1 chair
5 chairs = 12 stools
7 stools = 2 tables
3 tables = 2 sofas
5 sofas = Rs 8750
1x12x2x2x875
x=
800
5x7x3x5
.-. the price of a chair si Rs 800.
2. b; Hint: Here cost of one motor car is given as Rs 192000
.-. cost of 3 motor cars is as Rs 192000 x 3.
Book on
Rs 462.
.-. required answer =

3.a
1x3x10x3x192000
--
= Rs 9600
2x9x100
4.c
10x25x5x6x32
5. a; Hint: Cost of 6 kg of sugar = _
_,: =Rs60
20x2x25x4
Profit and Loss
253
a; Hint: Cost of 24 kg of potato
5x30x18x50x24
:
20x12x15x10
R&90.
Rule 67
rheorem: A person saves x% of his income. If his income
ncreases byy% and he decides to save z% of his increased
ftcome, then the per cent by which his saving is increased
Ex. 1: Each of the two cars is sold at the same price. A profit
of 10% is made on the first and a loss of 7% is made
on the second. What is the combined loss or gain?
Soln: By the theorem, we have
1 0 0 ( l 0 - 7 ) - 2 x l 0 x 7 _ 160,
% gain as the sign is
203
200 + 1 0 - 7
+ve.
Each of the two horses is sold for Rs 720. The first
one is sold at 25% profit and the other one at 25%
loss. What is the % loss or gain in this deal?
Soln: Detail Method: Total selling price of two horses = 2 x
720 = Rs 1,440
100
The CP of first horse = 720 x =Rs576
Ex.2:
100+ v
100
given by
ate: If he sticks to his previous saving habit ofx% then by

the direct formula,
100 + y
% increase in saving = \
x
100
100
The CP of second horse = 720 x = Rs 960
=iy%, which is same as the percentage increase in

income.
Total CP of two horses = 576 + 960 = Rs 1,536

Therefore, loss = Rs 1,536-Rs 1,440 = Rs 96
lustrative Example
ilx:
ffh:
A person saves 10% of his income. I f his income increases by 20% and he decides to save 15% of his
income, by what per cent has his saving increased?
Applying the above rule, we have the
% increase in saving =
(100 + 20)15-10x100
10
2.c
b) 66^-%
c) 33~%
96x100
:
: 6.25%
1536
Direct Formula: (See theorem; note):

In this type of question where SP is given and profit
and loss percentage are same, there is always loss
and the
= 80%
rcise
A person saves 20% of his income. I f his income increases by 40% and he decides to save 30% of his income, by what per cent has his saving increased?
- ^0%
b) 100%
c)160%
d)110%
A person saves 25% of his income. I f his income in.-eases by 15% and he decides to save 24% of his income, by what per cent has his saving increased?
0%
b)15%
c)10.4%
d) 10.5%
A person saves 15% of his income. I f his income increases by 25% and he decides to save 20% of his income, by what per cent has his saving increased?
ja)66-%
% loss
(25)
_ 625
= 6.25%
100
100
[The above example is a special case when percentage values of loss and gain are the same.]
Note: 1. In the special case when P = L we have
% loss =
100xQ-2P'
200
100
Since the sign is -ve, there is always loss and the

value is given as
(% value)
100
2. When each of the two commodities is sold at the

same price Rs A, and a profit of P % is made on the
first and a profit of L % is made on the second, then
d) 3 3 ^ %
the percentage gain is
j.a
\00(P
L)+2PL
(IOO + />)+(IOO+Z,)'
Ex:
Rule 68
trim: When each of the two commodities is sold at the
trice RsA, and a profit of P% is made on thefirst and
of L % is made on the second, then the percentage
A man sells two articles, each for the same price Rs

500. He earns 25% profit on the first and 15% profit
on the second. Find his overall per cent profit.
% profit
]Q0(P-L)-2PL
r loss is (]00 + />) + (l00-Z,)
a c c o r d i
" S to the+ve or
100(25 + 1 5 ) + 2 x 2 5 x l 5 _ 4750
(l00 + 25) + (l00 + 15)
~ 240
19.79%
254
P R A C T I C E B O O K ON Q U I C K E R MATH
3. When each of the two commodities is sold at the

same price Rs A and a profit of P% is made on the
first and a profit of P% is made on the second, then
the percentage gain is [P%].
Ex.:
A man sells two articles, each for the same price Rs
300. He earns 20% profit on the first and 20% profit
on the second. Find is overall per cent profit.
the required per cent profit = 20%
Exercise
1.
A man sells two goats at Rs 120 each and by doing so he

gains 15% on one goat and loses 15% on the other.
What is the % loss or gain in this deal?
a) 22.5% gain
b) 2.25% gain
c)2.25%loss
d)2.25%gain
A person sells two horses at Rs 240 each and by doing
so he gains 27% on one goat and loses 27% on the
other. What is the % loss or gain in this deal?
a) 7.29% gain b) 7.29% lossc) 8.29% loss d) 6.29% loss
A man sells two articles, each for the same price Rs 890.
He earns 20% profit on the first and 14% profit on the
second. Find his overall per cent profit.
0/
a)
% gain
' 203
20
% gain
c)
K)3
1 6 0
4.
5.
3 2 0
b)
0/
loss
%
203
- 40
.
d) % gam
/ixl00x(l00+y)
= Rsp
(ioo) -(ioo+yXioo-x)
2
Difference in profit x 100 x (lOO + y)

or
(ioo) -(ioo+vXioo-x)
2
Ex:
Rakesh calculates his profit percentage on the sell

price whereas Ramesh calculates his profit on the cc
price. They find that the difference of their profits
Rs 150. I f the selling price of both of them are I
same, and Rakesh gets 25% profit and Ramesh ge
20% profit, then find their selling price.
Soln: Applying the above formula, we have the
150xlQ0x(l00 + 20)
S e l l i n g p d c e =
(l00)
-(100 + 20X100-25)
150x100x120
= Rsl800
100x100-120x75
Note: A person calculates his profit percentage on the s-.
ingprice where the other person calculates hisp
on the cost price. They find that the different
their profits is Rs A. If the selling price of boi
them are the same and both of them gets x% pr
r
a) 14.78%
b) 14.08% c) 14.58% d) None of these
a) 29.8%
b)29%
c)30.6%
d)30.8%
A man sells two houses at the rate ofRs 1.995 lakh each.
On one he gains 5% and on the other he loses 5%. His
gain or loss per cent in the whole transaction is:
[Central Excise & I . Tax 1988)
b) 0.25% gain
a) 0.25% loss
d) neither loss nor gain
c) 2.5% loss
then the selling price = Rs
Difference in profit x 100 x (l 00 + x)

2
x
Ex:
Rakesh calculates his profit percentage on the se.
price whereas Ramesh calculates his on the cost i
They find that the difference of their profits is Rs
I f the selling price of both of them are the sam;
both of them get 25% profit, find their selling
Soln: Detail Method: Suppose the selling price for
them is Rs x.
100-25
Now, cost price of Rakesh =
100
100
and cost price of Ramesh = *|
Answers
l.c
2.b
3.c
4. a
5.a
6. a; Hint: See 'note' in the given rule.
Rule 69
Theorem: A person calculates his percentage on the selling price whereas the other person calculates his profit on
the cost price. They find that the difference of their profits
is Rs A. If the selling price of both of them are the same, and
one gets x% profit and the other getsy% profit then selling
^ x l 0 0 x ( l 0 0 + .n
^
100 + 25,
3
x
Rakesh's profit = x x =
4
4
4
Ramesh's profit = x - x -
Now, difference of their profits
4
Rs 100 (given)
Profit and Loss
or,
255
Rule 70
= 100
20
.-. x = Rs2000
Thus selling price = Rs 2000
Theorem: A man sells two items for Rs A. The cost price of

thefirst is equal to the selling price of the second. If the first
is sold atx% loss and the second aty% gain, then the total
(l00-x)-
Diff.in profitxl00x(l00 + 25)

the selling price
gain or loss is Rs
(25f
100x100x125
25x25
J.d
4.b
x A according as
!00 + ( l 0 0 - x )
Rs2000.
the +ve or -ve sign.
Exercise
Sunil calculates his profit percentage on the selling price
whereas Sujeet calculates his profit on the cost price.
They find that the difference of their profits is Rs 900. I f
the selling price of both of them are the same, and Sunil
gets 50% profit and Sujeet gets 40% profit, then find
their selling price.
a)Rs4200
b)Rs4500 c)Rs4000
d)Rs4800
I
Ajay calculates his profit percentage on the selling price
whereas Vijay calculates his profit on the cost price. They
find that the difference of their profits is Rs 130. If the
selling price of both of them are the same, and Ajay gets
15% profit and Vijay gets 10% profit, then find their selling price.
a)Rs220
b)Rs2200
c)Rs2300
d)Rs230
I
Pankaj calculates his profit percentage on the selling
price whereas Chandan calculates his profit on the cost
price. They find that the difference of their profits is Rs
135. If the selling price of both of them are the same, and
Pankaj gets 30% profit and Chandan gets 25% profit,
then find their selling price.
a)Rsl250
b)Rsll50
c)Rsl450
d)Rsl350
Vineet calculates his profit percentage on the selling price
whereas Roshan calculates his profit on the cost price.
They find that the difference of their profits is Rs 275. I f
the selling price of both of them are the same, and Vineet
gets 25% profit and Roshan gets 15% profit, then find
their selling price.
a)Rs2350
b)Rs2300
c)Rs2100
d)Rs2250
Miheer calculates his profit percentage on the selling
price whereas Safya calculates his profit on the cost
price. They find that the difference of their profits is Rs
110. If the selling price of both of them are the same, and
Miheer gets 10% profit and Satya gets 5% profit, then
"~nd their selling price.
a)Rs2200
b)Rs2250
c)Rsl750
d)Rs2100
Answers
2.b
100
100 + y
5.d
Ex:
A man sells two horses for Rs 1710. The cost price of

the first is equal to the selling price of the second. If
the first is sold at 10% loss and the second at 25%
gain, what is his total gain or loss (in rupees)?
Soln: Detail Method: We suppose that the cost price of the
first horse is Rs 100. Then we arrange our values in a
tabular form:
1st horse
2nd horse
Total
CP
100
SP
10(
100
100
125
80
180
90
\i^J
= 9
ioo
190
.-.CP:SP= 180:190=18:19
Profit =
1 9
1 8
xl710=Rs90
(IOO-IO)-IOO!
100
100 + 25
profit =
xl710
100 + (l00-10)
90-80
190
xl710 = Rs 90
Exercise
1.
2.
A man sells two horses for Rs 1850. The cost price of the
first is equal to the selling price of the second. If the first
is sold at 15% loss and the second at 25% gain, what is
his total gain or loss (in rupees)?
a) Rs 50 loss
b) Rs 500 loss
c) Rs 50 gain
d) Rs 500 gain
a) Rs 150 loss
b)Rs 150 gain
c) Rs 250 gain
d) None of these
PRACTICE BOOK ON QUICKER MATHS
256
3.
a) Rs 60 loss
b) Rs 60 gain
c) Rs 80 gain
d) Neither gain nor loss
A man sells two horses for Rs 11900. The cost price of
the first is equal to the selling price of the second. If the
first is sold at 30% loss and the second at 25% gain,
what is his total gain or loss (in rupees)?
a) Rs 600 loss
b) Rs 700 loss
c) Rs 750 gain
d) Rs 700 gain
a) Rs 40 gain
b) Rs 40 loss
c) Rs 60 loss
d) Neither loss nor gain
4.
5.
2.b
3.
4.
5.
Answers
l.c
2.
3.d
4.b
5.b
Rule 71
Theorem: If a dealer sells an item for Rs A, making a profit
ofx%, and he sells another item at a loss ofy%, and on the
whole he makes neither profit nor loss, then the cost of the
a)Rs4000
b)Rs2000
c)Rs4500
d)Rs2500
A dealer sells a horse for Rs 460, making a profit of 15 c
He sells another horse at a loss of 5%, and on the whole
he makes neither profit nor loss. What did the secon;
horse cost him?
a)Rsl200
b)Rsl250
c)Rsll00
d) None of these
A dealer sells an ox for Rs 1260, making a profit of 2 0 V
He sells another ox at a loss of 10%, and on the whole he
makes neither profit nor loss. What did the second ox
cost him?
a)Rs2000
b)Rs2200
c) Rs 2100
d) Data inadequate
A dealer sells a goat for Rs 260, makjng a profit of 30 >
He sells another goat at a loss of 20%, and on the whole
he makes neither profit nor loss. What did the second
goat cost him?
a)Rs300
b)Rs360
c)Rs350
d)Rs290
A dealer sells a table for Rs 405, making a profit o f ?
He sells another table at a loss of 30%, and on the whce
he makes neither profit nor loss. What did the secor
table cost him?
c
a)Rs360
b)Rs350
\00
d)Rs300
Answers
l.b
2.a
3.c
100
second table is Rs
c)Rs340
4.a
5.b
Rule 72
+ x)y
Theorem: If a discount of x, % is given on the marked p
of an article, the shopkeeper gets a profit of P%. If he offc
Ex:
a discount of x % on the same article, then his per c
A dealer sells a table for Rs 400, making a profit of

25%. He sells another table at a loss of 10%, and on
the whole he makes neither profit nor loss. What did
the second table cost him?
Soln: Detail Method: Profit on the first table
profit is given by (l 00 + P) ^
*
100-x,
In other words, required % profit
= 4 0 0 f ^ = Rs80
{\25
100 -%2nd discount

= (l 00 + % profit) -100
100 -%\st discount
He loses Rs 80 on the second table (since there is

neither profit nor loss)
.-. Cost price of second table
80
:
10'
lOOY 25
.125 A T O .
= Rs 800
Exercise
1.
Ex.:
100 = Rs 800

cost price of the second table
400
100.
A dealer sells a chair for Rs 600, making a profit of 20%.

He sells another chair at a loss of 5%, and on the whole
\e makes neither profit nor loss. What did the second
\chaircost him?
If a discount of 10% is given on the marked price'

an article, the shopkeeper gets a profit of 20%. F
his % profit if he offers a discount of 20% on the sa
article.
Suppose the marked price = Rs 100
Then selling price at 10% discount = Rs (100 - 1G
= Rs90
Since he gets 20% profit, his cost price
=
9of^ = Rs75
(,120
Profit and Loss
257
Now, at 20% discount, the selling price = Rs (100 - 20)

= Rs80
Thus his % profit
80-75
75
500
XlOO:
20
75
3
Quicker Method: Applying the above rule
individual cost price of the cow and the calf.

Soln: Quicker Method: (i) For cost of cow:
Cow
Calf
(1)
110%+ 125% = 760
125%+ 110% = 767.5
(2)
125% of 767.5 -110% of 760
Cost of cow
(l25%) -(l!0%)
2
the required % profit = (l 00 + 20^ ' ' ' ' ' '
100
100-10
320
20
-100 =
-100 = = 6 - %
1.90
3
3
3 '
1
-x 767.5 - x 760
4
10
5
(1.25) -(L1)
2
Exercise
1.
I f a discount of 15% is given on the marked price of an

article, the shopkeeper gets a profit of 30%. Find his %
profit if he offers a discount of 30% on the same article.
a) 7 %
' 17
c) 1 7 - %
959.375-836
123.375
(l.25 + l . l X l . 2 5 - l . l )
2.35x0.15
(ii) For cost of calf:

Cow
(1) SP
110%+ 125%
(2) SP
125%+110%
d) 17-9Vo
If a discount of 12% is given on the marked price of
5
b) 7 ^ %
d) Data inadequate
If a discount of 5% is given on the marked price of an

a) 4 %
19
b) 4 - %
z) 4 %
19
;
0/
7 %
1 0 0
b)
17
0/
7 %
3 0 0
c)
b)ll-%
c)
2l -%
7
1.
2.
o/
d) 17 %
3 0 0
_ /
d)ll-%
A farmer sold a horse and a mule for Rs 1520 and got a

profit of 20% on the horse and 50% on the mule. I f he
sells the horse and the mule for Rs 1535 and gets a profit
of 50% on the horse and 20% on the mule, find the individual cost price of the horse and the mule.
a) Rs 590.74, Rs 540.74
b) Rs 590.84, Rs 540.84
c) Rs 580.74, Rs 550.74
A farmer sold a cow and a ox for Rs 800 and got a profit
of 20% on the cow and 25% on the ox. If he sells the cow
and the ox for Rs 820 and gets a profit of 25% on the cow
and 20% on the ox, find the individual cost price of the
cow and the ox.
a) Rs 530.6, Rs 130.6 (Approx)
b) Rs531.5,Rsl35.5(Approx)
c) Rs 515.6, Rs 115.6 (Approx)
d) Cannot be determined
Answers
l.a
2.a
\nswers
i. a
2.c
3.d
4.d
Rule 74
5.c
Rule 73
Ex:
A farmer sold a cow and a calf for Rs 760 and got a

profit of 10% on the cow and 25% on the calf. I f he
sells the cow and the calf for Rs 767.50 and gets a
profit of 25% on the cow and 10% on the calf, find the
Rs300.
Exercise

a) 2 1 - %
950-844.25
>

a)
(125%) -(110)
2.35x0.15
1
)7y%
Calf
760
767.5
125% of 760 -110% of 767.5

Cost of calf=
an article, the shopkeeper gets a profit of 25%. Find his

% profit i f he offers a discount of 25% on the same article.
2
a)7y%
Rs350.
Theorem: An article is sold at a certain price. If there is a

1
loss of x% when the article is sold at of the previous
selling price, then the percentage profit is [n(\0 - x) -100]
or [(l 00 - %
loss)-100].
258
Answers
Ex:
l.b
What will be the percentage profit after selling an

article at a certain price i f there is a loss of 12V4%
when the article is sold at half of the previous selling
price?
Soln: Detail Method: Suppose the previous selling price =
Re v
Rule 75
5% more is gained by selling a cow for Rs 1010 than
by selling it for Rs 1000. Find the cost price of the
cow.
Soln: Detail Method: Suppose the cost price = Rs x
-A
Then
1
x
There is a loss of 12 % when selling price =
2
2
x(
2
100
^ ^
100-x
or,
100
4x
x 4x
xl00=
*~
] n
(10) = 5
x
.-. x = Rs200
Quicker Method:
5% of cost price = Rs (1010 - 1000) = Rs 10
Now, when selling price is Rs x, % profit
'
. 1010-x
.
xl00 + 5=
xlOO
100
or, [ l 0 1 0 - x - 1 0 0 0 + x] = 5
x
^ _ lOOx _ 4x
"
"
1 7 5
5.c
Ex:
Now, the later selling price = Rs
cost price =
4.d
3.a
2.a
CP =
x l 0 0 = - x l 0 0 = 75%
4x
10x100
= Rs200.
Direct Formula:
7
Quicker Method:
Required % profit = 100-2 x % loss [. Here, n = 2
.-. n(100-x)-100 = 2 0 0 - 2 x - 1 0 0
= 100 - 2x or, 100 - 2 x % loss.]
Cost price
lOOxDiff.inSP
100x10
% diff. in profit or loss
Rs200.
Exercise
= 100-2 x 1 2 - = 100-25
2
= 75%.
Exercise
1.
2.
What will be the percentage profit after selling an article

at a certain price if there is a loss of 40% when the article
is sold at 1/3 rd of the previous selling price?
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
a) 20%
b)80%
c)75%
d)60%
What wi 11 be the percentage profit after selling an article
is sold at half of the previous selling price?
a) 40%
b)30%
c)50%
d)35%
a) 30%
b)25%
c)35%
d)20%
a) 45%
b)60%
c)55%
d)50%
1
is sold at th of the previous selling price?
a) 65%
b)80%
c)60%
3.
4.
5.
10% more is gained by selling an ox for Rs 750 than b\

selling it for Rs 730. Find the cost price of the ox.
a)Rs250
b)Rs300
c)Rs200
d)Rsl50
12% more is gained by selling a goat for Rs 248 than b>
selling it for Rs 224. Find the cost price of the goat.
a)Rs200
b)Rsl00
c)Rsl50
d)Rs250
15% more is gained by selling a camel for Rs 1260 than
by selling itforRs 1215. Find the cost price ofthecame!
a)Rs350
b)Rs300
c)Rs250
d)Rs325
16% more is gained by selling a cow for Rs 760 than bj
selling it for Rs 720. Find the cost price of the cow.
a)Rs250
b)Rs300
c)Rs200
d) Not possible
20% more is gained by selling a horse for Rs 800 than b>
selling it for Rs 880. Find the cost price of the horse.
a)Rs400
b)Rs300
c) Rs 500
d) Not possible
Answers
l.c
5. d;
2.a
3.b
4.a
Hint: 20% more can not be gained by selling a horse
for Rs 800 than Rs 880. Hence, it is not possible.
Rule 76
Theorem: A shopkeeper uses a false scale (or weight) ft
selling and purchasing an article. If, on purchasing, he
Profit and Loss
259
deceives the seller by x% and on selling, he deceives the

customer byy%, then the overall per cent gain in the whole
"(l00 + ;r)(l00 + y )
transaction is
100
-100
Ev:
A shopkeeper, on purchasing, deceives the seller by
20% and on selling, deceives the customer by 30%.
What is the overall per cent gain in the whole transaction?
- 'In:
Applying the above theorem, we have
7o gain
(100 + 20X100 + 30)--100 = 56%

100
Exercise
1. A shopkeeper, on purchasing, deceives the seller by
10% and on selling, deceives the customer by 5%. What
is the overall per cent gain in the whole transaction?
a) 15.5%
b) 15%
c) 25.5%
d) Neither lose nor gain
E A shopkeeper, on purchasing, deceives the seller by
a) 26.25%
b)26.6%
c)26.5%
d)26%
?
a) 32%
b)33%
c)31%
d)26%
I
a) 25%
b)40% *
c)60%
d)50%
a) 62.2%
b)62.5%
c)72.5%
d)63.2%
;
Answers
l.a
2.c
2.
3.
pen by 3 times. Initial gain per cent is given as 2% .
4.
4.d
3.b
4.c
Rule 78
Theorem: If a person sells ri\ of the property at Xi %
gain, n partof the property at x
2
% gain and the remain-
ing part at x % loss, then the over all gain or loss per cent
3
is given by ,x, + n x + (- x ) according as the +ve or 2
ve sign. Here, , + n +n
2
= the whole part.
Note: This formula is applicable to any number of parts of

the property, incurring different % gain and % loss
on each part and when overall % gain or % loss is to
be found out. Put +ve for profit and -ve sign for loss
in the formula.
A person sells th part of his property at 20% gain,
5.b
Rule 77
T heorem: A shopkeeper increases the original selling price
n times. If initial gain per cent isx%, then the new gain
\is
Find out the new gain per cent.

a) 192,
b)207.5%
c) 193.5%
d) 194.5%
A shopkeeper increases the original selling price of a
pen by 2 times. Initial gain per cent is given as 20%. Find
out the new gain per cent,
a) 120%
b)20%
c)140%
d)40%
Answers
l.b
2.a
Ex:
J. a

out the new gain per cent.
a) 10%
b) 110%
c)170%
d) 140%
out the new gain per cent.
a) 130%
b)30%
c)140%
d)40%
[(l 00 + JC) -100].
ing part at 12% loss what is the overall % gain or %

loss incurred by him.
1
2
1
% gain or % loss = - x 20 + - x 21 + x (-12)
pen by 3 times. Initial gain per cent is given as 5%.
Find out the new gain per cent.
new gain per cent = ( 100 + 5) 3 - 100 = 215%.
Ex.:
Exercise
I
rd part of the property at 2 1 % gain and the remain-
= 5 + 1 4 - 1 = 18%.
-ve sign indicates that there is a loss in transaction.
.-. %loss= 18%
Exercise
1.
A merchant buys 1260 kg of corn, of which he sells at
260
From the question, we have
1
a gain of 5 per cent, at a gain of 8 per cent, and the
2.
3.
remainder at a gain of 12 per cent. I f he had sold the

whole at a gain of 10 per cent, he would have gained Rs
27.30 more. Find the cost price per kg.
a)Rs2
b)Rs2.5
c)Rs3
d)Rs3.5
A merchant buys 4000 kg of wheat, one-fifth of which he
sells at a gain of 5 per cent, one-fourth at a gain of 10%,
one-half at a gain of 12 per cent, and the remainder at a
gain of 16 per cent. I f he had sold the whole at a gain of
11 per cent, he would have made Rs 72.80 more. What
was the cost price of the corn per kg?
a)Rs2
b)Rs2.60
c)Rs2,50 d) None of these
1
A person sells rd part of his property at 15% gain,
1
~ th part of the property at 12% gain and the remaining
6
4.
103
1 1 % - % = Rs 72.80
10
or % = Rs 72.80
10
.-. 100% = Rs 10400 = cost price
10400
.-. cost price of the corn per k g
3.c
4000
= Rs2.60
4.b
Rule 79
Theorem: If a merchant, by selling his goods, has a gain of
x% of the selling price, then his real gain per cent on the
cost price is
-xlOO
100-x
part at 10% loss what is the overall % gain or % loss

incurred by him.
Note: Real profit per cent is always calculated on cost price

and real prcfit per cent is always more than the %
profit on selling price.
a) 2% loss
b) 12% gain c) 2% gain
d) 2.5% gain
1
A person sells th part of his property at 25% gain,
Ex:
I f a merchant estimates his profit as 20% of the selling

price, what is his real profit per cent?
[
th part of the property at 25% gain and the remaining
20
-xlOO
JQQ_2O
the real gain per cent =

part at 25% loss what is the overall % gain or % loss
incurred by him.
a) 5% loss
b) 5% gain
c) 25% gain
d) None of these
Exercise
1.
Answers
l.a; Hint: % profit =
1
3
5
107
] 2 ~ ~KT
=
2.
From the question,

10%

a)20%
b) 3 3 y %
b) 1 1 %
17
3.
or, % = Rs 27.30
12
>
2730x12
Rs 2520 = cost price
13
.-. cost price of corn per k g
2520
:
1260
103
To"
c)17%
17
;
1 9
M 6%
>
1 9
d)7%
17
c ) 5
ii
j9

Rs2
2. b; Hint: % profit = y * 5 + ^ - x l 0 + ^-x 12 + ^ x 1 6
d)25%

a) 5%
100%:
) 16_|%

a) 1 7 %
17
107
- % = Rs 27.30
12
=25%.
a)H~%
5.
) l l | %
c)9U
1
d)ll-%

a)42|%
b) 43-|%
) | %
d)43^-%
Profit and Loss

6.
A man purchased a watch for Rs 400 and sold it at a gain

of 20% of the selling price. The selling price of the watch
is:
[Clerks' Grade Exam 1990]
a)Rs300
b)Rs320
c)Rs440
d)Rs500
Answers
l.b
2. a
6.d;
3.c
4.d
Real gain per cent
Selling price =
4 0 0
0 1
) =
-xl00 = 25%
By selling 66 metres of cloth, I gain the selling price of

22 metres. Find the gain per cent.
Soln: Following the above formula, we have
22
gain % =
-xl00 = 50%
66-22
Exercise
Theorem: If a merchant, by selling his goods, has a loss of

x%, of the selling price, then his real loss per cent on the
100 + ;
Ex:
Rule 80
cost price is
-xlOO %
100-20
(^
n
N-n
5.a
20
Rule 81
Theorem: If a merchant, by selling A' articles gains the
selling price of n articles, then the gain per cent is
1.
By selling 15 metres of cloth, I gain the selling price of 7

metres. Find the gain per cent.
a) 77.5%
b)87.5%
c)37.5% d) None of these
2.
xlOO
a) 33~%
Ex:
If a merchant estimates his loss as 10% of the selling

price, what is his real loss per cent?
3.
b)50%
c)25%
d)45%

a) 20%
b)25%
c)24%
d) 16%
real loss per cent = x l 0 0 = 9%

100 + 10
11
Note: Real loss % (ie per cent loss on cost price) is always
less than % loss on selling price.
Answers
Exercise
Theorem: If a merchant, by selling N articles, loses the

selling price of n articles, then the loss per cent is
I.
I f a merchant estimates his loss as 5% of the selling

a) 4 %
b) 4 ^ 0 /
c) 3 % d) None of these
21
' 21
21
;
23%
i) 13 % b)
c) 1 3 - % d) 22
25
23
'
23
I f a merchant estimates his loss as 20% of the selling
1
;) 1 6 - %
b) 2 6 - <
d) 9%
3
~'
3
' 11
a) 30%
b)24%
c)25%
d)20%
l.b
]_
_2_
b) 2 3 ^ %
) ' ^y
3
0 / /
-xlOO %
N +n
Ex:
By selling 66 metres of cloth, I lose the selling price of

22 metres. Find the loss per cent.
loss % =
2. a
66 + 22
x 100 = 25%
Exercise
1.
By selling 75 metres of cloth, I lose the selling price of 25

metres. Find the loss per cent.
a)20%
2.
3.
b) 3 3 y %
)25%
d) None of these

a) 12%
b) 15%
c)18%
d)20%
13
Answers
l.b
d) None of these
3.b
Rule 82
a) 1 4 - %
) 23~%
13
2.b
a)33y%
3.c
4.d
5. a
) 16y%
c)33|%
)50%
262
4.

a) 24%
b)20%
c)25%
4ioo-*)
Selling Price
100
(Marked Price - Selling Price = Customer's saving on
marked price due to discount) = Rs 80, given)
A(\00-x)
Rs 80
A-100
or, A = Rs500
:
Answers
l.c
2.b
3.a
4.b
Rule 83
Theorem: If a merchant, by selling N articles, gains or loses
the cost price ofn articles, the gain or loss per cent is given
by the
1.
Ex:
By selling 66 metres of cloth a person gains the cost

price of 22 metres. Find the gain per cent.
% gain
oo
2.
3.
3.
By selling
price of 12
a) 25%
By selling
price of 15
a) 20%
By selling
price of 16
a) U~%
4.
48 metres of cloth a person gains the cost

b)20%
c)28%
d)30%
b)25%
c)24%
d)30%
b
) 16|%
c) 2 6 - %
d)20%
By selling 100 metres of cloth a person gains the cost

price of 32.5 metres. Find the gain per cent,
a) 32.6%
b)30%
c)32.5% d) None of these
Answers
l.a
2.a
3.b
4.c
Rule 84
Theorem: A businessman marks an article at Rs A and
allows x% discount (on the marked price). He gains y%. If
the cost price of the article is Rs B, then the selling price of
the article can be calculatdfrom the equation given below
A(\00-x)
1CJ(5
5(100+y)
100
=Rs420.
4.
How much per cent above the cost price should a shopkeeper mark his goods so as to earn a profit of 26% after
allowing a discount of 10% on the marked price.
a) 40%
b)3J)%
c)20%
d)50%
A shopkeeper's price is 50% above the cost price. I f he
allows his customer a discount of 30%, what profit does
he make?
[IT Inspectors' Exam, 1991 [
a) 5%
b) 10%
c)8%
d)4%
A man's price is 20% above the cost price. He allows his
customers a discount and makes a profit of 8%. Find the
rate of discount.
[RBI Exam 1989]
a) 20%
b) 15%
c)10%
d)25%
How much per cent above the cost price should a shopkeeper mark his goods so as to earn a profit of 36% after
allowing a discount of 15% on the marked price?
a) 60%
b)50%
c)40%
d)65%
Answers
1. a; Hint: From the given formula, we have
A(100-x) = C(100 + y)
or,A(100-10) = C(100 + 26)
126
or,
~90~
C = 1.4C = (1 + 0.4)C
ie A is + 0.4 more than C

.-. Marked price A is 40% above the cost price.
2. a
3. c
4. a
Rule 85
If a person buys an article with x per cent discount on the
marked price and sells the article with y per cent profit on
the marked price, then his per cent profit on the price he
( x+ y
= s e l l i n
S Price.
Note: Remember discount is given on marked price, and

gain is calculated on the cost price.
Ex:
2.
100 = 3 3 ^ / o .
5
Exercise
1.
500(100-16)
Exercise
100
.-. Selling Price =
A discount of 16% on the marked price of a book

enables a man to buy a pen which costs Rs 80. How
much did he pay for the book?
buys the article is given by
I JQQ_JC
xlOO per cent.
Ex:
Raman bought on article with 20 per cent discount on

the labelled price. He sold the article with 30 per cent
profit on the labelled price. What was his per cent
profit on the price he bought?
Let the labelled price of the article be Rs x.
Profit and Loss

5.
f 100 - 20 )
4x
Cost price = *l
- ^ ,
Vinay bought an article with 20 per cent discount on the

labelled price. He sold the article with 12 per cent profit
on the labelled price. What was his per cent profit on the
price he bought?
100 + 30^
Selling price = !
x
ioo
_ 13
= Rs
a) 35%
io
b)25%
c)20%
d)40%
Answers
Profit =
Ax 13x-8x
\3x
l.c
4x
125
= 62.5%
2

have
the required per cent profit
20 + 30
I j QQ - 20 xlOO
= - x l 0 0 = 62.5%
8
i
Exercise
2.
4. a
5.d
Rule 86
% Drofit = x 100 = - x 100 =
1.
3.b
10
10
x
/opium
2.c
Jeevan bought an article with 30 per cent discount on

profit on the labelled price. What was his per cent profit
on the price he bought?
[Bankof BarodaPO 1999]
a) 40
b)50
c)60
d) Data inadequate
A person sells articles at Rs A each after giving x% discount on marked price. Had he not given the discount, he
would have earned a profit ofy% on the cost price. Then
the cost price of each article is given by Rs
\W A
2
(lOO-xXlOO + y )
Ex:
A shopkeeper sold certain articles at Rs 425 each after giving 15% discount on labelled price. Had he not
given the discount, he would have earned a profit of
25% on the cost price. What was the cost price of
each article?
425x100
Labelled price of the article =
85
Rs 500
Let the cost price be Rs x

Anjali bought an article with 12 per cent discount on
500 -x
,-, 1
the labelled price. He sold the article with 17 percent
or x( 100+ 25) = 50000
x l 0 0 = 25
_ 50000
125
Rs 400
cost price of each article Rs400

:
a)35%
3.
b)34%
c )
34|%
d) 3 5 ^ %
Deepti bought an article with 15 per cent discount on

i) 2 8 %
b, 2 9 - Vo
,
c) 2 9 %
17
d) Data inadequate
Exercise
1.
2.
4.
Naval bought an article with 25 per cent discount on the

labelled price. He sold the article with 5 per cent profit on
the labelled price. What was his per cent profit on the
price he bought?
a) 40%
b)45%
c)35%
d)30%
3.
A shopkeeper sold sarees at Rs 266 each after giving 5%

discount on labelled price. Had he not given the discount, he would have earned a profit of 12% on the cost
price.. What was the cost price of each saree?
|SBI Associates PO 1999
a)Rs280
b)Rs260
c)Rs240
d)Rs250
A shopkeeper sold tables at Rs 2139 each after giving
7% discount on labelled price. Had he not given the
discount, he would have earned a profit of 15% on the
cost price. What was the cost price of each table?
a)Rs2500
b)Rs2100
c)Rs2000
d)Rsl900
A shopkeeper sold chairs at Rs 528 each after giving
cost price. What was the cost price of each chair?
264
4.
5.
a)Rs500
b)Rs520
c)Rs480
d)Rs490
A shopkeeper sold almirahs at Rs 166 each after giving
cost price. What was the cost price of each almirah?
a)Rsl65
b)Rsl55
c)Rsl60
d)Rsl64
A shopkeeper sold beds at Rs 1134 each after giving
cost price. What was the cost price of each bed?
a)Rsll00
b)Rsl000 c)Rsl050
d)Rs900
2.
3.
Answers
l.d
2.c
3.a
4.c
5.b
Rule 87
A certain company declares x per cent discount for wholesale buyers. If a person buys articles from the company for
Rs A after getting discount. He fixed up the selling price of
the articles in such a way that he earned a profit y% on
original company price. Then the total selling price is given
byRs
4.
100 + y
100-x
Ex:
A garment company declared 15% discount for wholesale buyers. Mr Sushil bought garments from the company for Rs 8500 after getting discount. He fixed up
selling price of garments in such a way that he earned
a profit of 10% on original company price. What is
the total selling price?
Original company price =
8500x100
JQQ _ 15
lu
000.
Let the total selling price be Rs x.

Answers
l.c
2.a
3.b
4. a
Rule 88
A shopkeeper sold an article for Rs A after giving x% discount on the labelled price and madey% profit on the cost
price. Had he not given the discount, the percentage profit
would have been
x+ y
100-x
xlOO per cent.
Ex:
^ 9 0 x 1 0 0 = 10
10000
or, lOOx-1000000 =100000

or, x = Rs 11000.
.-. total selling price = Rs 11000.
the total selling price
proximate total selling price?

[Guwahati PO 1999]
a) Rs 28000 b)Rs 29000 c)Rs31000 d)Rs 28500
A garment company declared 12% discount for wholesale buyers. Mr Mohan bought garments from the company for Rs 8800 after getting discount. He fixed up the
selling price of garments in such a way that he earned a
profit of 4% on original company price. What is the approximate total selling price?
a) Rs 10400
b)Rs 14000
c) Rs 10800
d) Data inadequate
A garment company declared 17% discount for wholesale buyers. Mr Sameer bought garments from the company for Rs 1660 after getting discount. He fixed up the
a)Rs2130
b)Rs2140
c)Rs2410
d)Rs2310
A garment company declared 14% discount for wholesale buyers. Mr Sujeet bought garments from the company for Rs 860 after getting discount. He fixed up the
a)Rsl060
b)Rsll60
c)Rs960
A shopkeeper sold an article for Rs 400 after giving

20% discount on the labelled price and made 30%
profit on the cost price. What would have been the
percentage profit, had he not given the discount?
Labelled price =
400x100
100-15
x 8500 = R 11000.
= Rs500
80
100 + 10
S
400x100
4000
Cost price = - Rs - y y -
Exercise
1.
A garment company declared 15% discount for wholesale buyers. Mr Sachdev bought garments from the company for Rs 25000 after getting discount. He fixed up the
profit of 8% on original company price. What is the ap-

500Profit % =
13
xlOO
4000
13
Profit and Loss

_ 250 _ 125
= 62.5%
4 " 2
the required per cent profit
20 + 30
:
100-20
-xlOO
Ex:
I f oranges are bought at the rate of 30 for a rupee,

how many must be sold for a rupee in order to gain
25%?
Soln: Applying he above formula, we have
100
the required number of oranges = 301U00 + 25,
= xlOO = = 62.5%
80
2
Exercise
Exercise
1.
1.
A shopkeeper sold an article for Rs 720 after giving 10%

discount on the labelled price and made 20% profit on
the cost price. What would have been the percentage
profit, had he not given the discount?
[GuwahatiPO!999]
a) 25%
c) 3 3 y %
b)23%
d)28%

a) 75%
b)85%
c)60%
d)70%
a) 25%
b)35%
c)40%
d)50%
a) 50%
b)60%
c)45%
d)55%
discount on the labelled price and made 5% profit on the
cost price. What would have been the percentage profit,
had he not given the discount?
a) 50%
b)25%
c)30%
d)20%
A shopkeeper sells a TV set for Rs 16560 at 10% discount on its marked price and earns 15% profit. I f no
discount is offered, then what will be his present per
cent profit?
[BSRB Patna PO 2001 ]
a) ?j
2
Answers
be
2. a
c) 25
b)22|
3.d
4. a
d) Data inadequate
5.b
2.
3.
4.
5.
Answers
l.a
100
2.c
3d
4.c
5. a
Miscellaneous
1.
2.
3.
6. a
Theorem: If an item is bought at the rate of X items for a

-upee, then the number of items sold for a rupee in order to
100 + x
I f bananas are bought at the rate of 24 for a rupee, how

many must be sold for a rupee in order to gain 20%?
a)20
b) 18
c)22
d) 16
If apples are bought at the rate of 39 for a rupee, how
a) 33
b)36
c)30
d) None of these
If mangoes are bought at the rate of 56 for a rupee, how
many must be sold for a njpee in order to gain 40%?
a) 44
b)42
c)43
d)40
I f oranges are bought at the rate of 27 for a rupee, how
a) 26
b)25
c)20
d)24
I f bananas are bought at the rate of 46 for a rupee, how
many must be sold for a rupee in order to gain 15%
a) 40
b)30
c)35
d)45
9
Rule 89
gain x% is X
24
4.
An article when sold for Rs 200 fetches 25 per cent profit.

What would be the percentage profit/loss i f 6 such articles are sold for Rs 1056? [BSRB Calcutta PO, 1999)
a) 10 per cent loss
b) 10 per cent profit
c) 5 per cent loss
d) 5 per cent profit
e) None of these
A shopkeeper gave an additional 20 per cent concession on the reduced price after giving 30 per cent standard concession on an article. I f Arun bought that article for Rs 1120, what was the original price?
[BSRB Calcutta PO, 1999]
a)Rs3000
b)Rs4000
c)Rs2400
d) Rs 2000
e) None of these
A shopkeeper bought 150 calculators at the rate of Rs
250 per calculator. He spent Rs 2500 on transportation
and packing. I f the marked price of calculator is Rs 320
per calculator and the shopkeeper gives a discount of
5% on the marked price then what will be the percentage
profit gained by the shopkeeper?
[BSRB Hyderabad PO, 1999[
a) 20%
b) 14%
c) 15%
d) 16%
e) None of these
An article when sold for Rs 960 fetches 20% profit. What
would be the per cent profit or loss i f 5 such articles are
266
sold for Rs 825 each?
[BSRB BhopalPO, 2000]
b) 3.125% loss
a) 3.125% profit
d) 16.5% profit
c) Neither profit nor loss
e) None of these
5. Two chairs and three tables cost Rs 1025 and 3 chairs
and two tables cost Rs 1100. What is the difference between the cost of one table and that of one chair?
[BSRB BhopalPO, 2000]
a)Rs75
b)Rs35
c)Rsl25
d) Cannot be determined
e) None of these
6. What per cent of selling price would be 34% of cost
price if gross profit is 26% of the selling price?
[BSRB Bangalore PO, 2000]
a) 17.16
b) 74.00
c)25.16
d) 88.40
e) None of these
7. A sells a horse to B for Rs 4860, thereby losing 19 per
cent, B sells it to C at a price which would have given A
17 per cent profit. Find B's gain.
[SBI Bank PO, 1998]
a)Rs2160
b)Rs2610
c)Rsl260
d)Rs2260
8. Profit after selling a commodity for Rs 425 is same as
loss after selling it for Rs 355. The cost of the commodity
is:
[Bank PO 1989]
a)Rs385
b)Rs390
c)Rs395
d)Rs400
9. The cost price of an article, which on being sold at a gain
of 12% yields Rs 6 more than when it is sold at a loss of
12%, is
[CBI Exam 1990]
a)Rs30
b)Rs25
c)Rs20
d)Rs24
10. Alok bought 25 kg of rice at the rate of Rs 6.00 per kg
and 35 kg of rice at the rate of Rs 7.00 per kg. He mixed
the two and sold the mixture at the rate of Rs 6.75 per kg.
What was his gain or loss in this transaction?
[PO Exam 1990]
a) Rs 16.00 gain
b) Rs 16.00 loss
c) Rs 20.00 gain
d) None of these
11. When the price of pressure cooker was increased by
15%, its sale fell down by 15%. The effect on the money
receipt was:
[SBI PO Exam 1987]
a) no effect
b) 15% decrease
c) 7.5% increase
d) 2.25% decrease
12. A boy buys oranges at Rs 2 for 3 oranges and sells them
at a rupee each. To make a profit of Rs 10, he must sell:
[CDS Exam 1991]
a) 10 oranges
b) 20 oranges
c) 30 oranges
d) 40 oranges
9
13. Subhash purchased a tape recorder at th of its sell-
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
|SBI PO Exam 1987]

a) Rs 7.50 per kg
b)Rs9perkg
c)Rs8.20perkg
d) Rs 8.85 per kg
The loss incurred on selling an article for Rs 270 is as
much as the profit made after selling it at 10% profit. The
CP of the article is:
[Bank PO Exam 1989|
a)Rs90
b)Rsll0
c)Rs363
d)Rs300
An item costing Rs 200 is being sold at 10% loss. If the
price is further reduced by 5%, the selling price will be:
|NDA Exam 1987]
a) 179
b)Rsl75
c)Rs!71
d)Rsl70
A retailer purchases a sewing machine at a discount of
15% and sells it for Rs. 1955. In the bargain he makes a
profit of 15%. How much is the discount which he got
from the whole sale?
[LIC AAO Exam 1988|
a)Rs270
b)Rs290
c)Rs300
d) None of these
A discount series of 10%, 20% and 40% is equal to a
single discountof:
[Central Excise & I Tax 1989|
a) 50%
b) 56.80%
c)70%
d) 70.28%
While selling a watch a shopkeeper gives a discount of
5%. If he gives a discount of 7%, he earns Rs 15 less as
profit. What is the marked price of the watch?
[LIC AAO Exam 1988]
a) Rs 697.50
b)Rs 712.50
c) Rs 787.50
d) None of these
A shopkeeper earns a profit of 12% after selling a book
at 10% discount on the printed price. The ratio of the
cost price and printed price of the book is:
|GIC Exam 1988|
a)45:56
b) 50:61
c) 99:125
d) None of these
Tarun bought a TV with 20% discount on the labelled
price. Had he bought it with 25% discount he would
have saved Rs 500. At what price did he buy the TV?
[PO Exam 1990]
a)Rs5000
b)Rs 10000
c)Rs 12000
d) None of these
A reduction of 20% in the price of mangoes enables a
person to purchase 12 more for Rs 15. The price of 16
mangoes before reduction was:
] RRB Exam 1989
a)Rs5
b)Rs6
c)Rs7
d)Rs9
Therewouldbe 10%lossifriceissoldatRs5.40perkg
At what price per kg should it be sold to earn a profit o:
20%?
[SBI PO Exam 1988
a)Rs7.20
b)Rs7.02
c)Rs6.48
d)Rs6
Answers
ing price and sold it at 8% more than its selling price. His
gain is:
[SBI PO Exam 1987]
a) 9%
b) 10%
c)18%
d)20%
14. At what price must Kantilal sell a mixture of 80 kg sugar
at Rs 6.75 per kg with 120 kg at Rs 8 per kg to gain 20%?
l.b;
CP = ^ x l 0 0 = R 1 6 0
S
.-. CPof6articles = 6x 160 = 960
267
Profit and Loss

.-. profit =1056-960 = 96
96
Percentage profit = * 100 = 10%
960
100 100
Original price = 1120 x x = R 2000
m
2. d;
I b:
/U
oU
CP of 150 calculators = 150 x 250 = Rs 37500

.-. total CP = 37500 + 2500 = Rs 40000
Marked price of 150 calculators =150x320 = Rs 48000
95
Selling price after discount = 48000 x =Rs 45600
10. d; CP of total 60 kg of rice = Rs (6 x 25 + 7 x 35) = Rs 395.

SP of total 60 kg of rice = Rs (6.75 x 60) = Rs 405.
Gain = Rs(405-395) = RslO.
11. d; Let the original cost of each cooker be Re 1 and let the
number sold originally be 100.
Total sale proceed = Rs (100 x 1) = Rs 100.
New rate = (115% of Re 1) = Rs 1.15.
Number sold now = 85.
.-. Sale proceed now = Rs( 1.15 * 85) = Rs 97.75.
So, there is a decrease of 2.25% in the money receipt.
12. c; Suppose he sells x oranges
Then, CP of x oranges = Rs x.
45600-40000
;. percentage profit =
TTTTT
x 100 = 14%
40000
SP of x oranges = Rs x
Cost price of the article = 960 x = R goo
Profit on x oranges = Rs I
4 a;
t J t m j
.-. Cost price of 5 articles = Rs 800 x 5 = Rs 4000

.-. Selling price of 5 articles = 825x5 = Rs4125
Gain%=
'
I a:
.c;
4 1 2 5
x l 0 0 = 3.125%
4000
4 0 Q
Let the cost of each table and chair be Rs x and y

respectively.
,-.2y + 3x=1025 and
3y + 2x=1100
Solving the above two equations, we get
x = Rs 175andy = Rs250
.-. Diff. between the cost of one table and one chair
= Rs(250-175) = Rs75
Let the selling price of the article of Rs 100.
.-. Profit = Rs 26
.-. Cost price of the article = 100 - 26 = Rs 74
.: Reqd.%=
34x74
100
r n /
"8T
Cost of the horse paid by G = 6000 x
100
Gain ofB = Rs 7020 - Rs 4860 = Rs 2160.
LetCP = RsxThen,
425-x = x-355 => 2x = 780
x = 390.
Let the CP beRsx
'12*
Then, SP when gain is 12% -
100
100
24x
or,
Too
+x
100
=6
= 6 or, x
9x
Then, CP paid by Subhash = Rs
10'
SP received by Subhash = (108% of Rs x) = Rs

( 21 x
600
24
= Rs25
27*
25~
(9x)
9x)
Gain = Rs
f9x
Hence, gain % = I ^
CP of 1 kg = Rs
100
= Rs6000.
117
88*
. = 10: x = 30.
3
13. d; LettheSPbeRsx.
10
^
100
|
%
1500^
Cost of the horse paid by A =4860x
\\2x
= Rs
14. b; Total CP of200 kg sugar=Rs (80 r 6.75 + 120 x 8) = Rs

1500
^ ,
= 25.16%
r
- Rs 7020
Rs7.50.
200 J
Gain required = 20%.

.-. SP of l k g = (120% of Rs 7.50)
120
= Rs
[j5o"* - J
7
50
=Rs9perkg.
15. d; Let CP be Rs x. Then,

\\2x
100
x-270 = 10%of x = ^
orx = 300.
16. c; SP = 90%ofRs200 = Rs 180.

Further, SP = (95% of Rs 180) = Rs 171
17. c; Let the marked price be Rs x.
Discount availed by the retailer = 15% of Rs x.
.-. CP of the machine by the retailer
268
17*
= ( * - 1 5 % o f JC) = RS
IfSPisRs 100,MP = Rs
20
[^
xl00
=Rsl25.
Now, if discount is 25%, then SP = (75% of Rs 125)
17* , 17*
So,15o/oof = 1 9 5 5 - .
375
= Rs - .
+
= 1955 r x = 2000
400
20
Discount received by retailer = (15% of Rs 2000)
= Rs300.
18. b; Let original price = Rs 100.
Price after 1 st discount = Rs 90.
O
Price after 2nd discount = Rs | "J^Q"
375
Diff. between two SP = Rs i o o ~ v
Ix
or
5x
'Too Tcw
_
Suppose the price of 1 mango be x paise
J = Rs 43.20
Number of mangoes for Rs 15
1500
4*
New price of one mango = (80% of x) = paise.
..
=
1500x5
20. a; Let the printed price of the book be Rs 100.

After a discount of 10%, SP = Rs 90.
Profit earned = 12%.
, ioo
n n
.-. CP of the book = Rs I yyy * 90
Rs
1125
14
Number of mangoes for Rs ' ^ 7500

.-.
4*
1500
4x
,
= 12orx = 31.25
.-. Cost of 16 mangoes before reduction

f 31.25x16^1
1125
Hence, (CP): (Printed price) = : 100 or 45 : 56
= R s
21. d; Let SP of TV (by trader) = Rs 100.

IfSP isRs80, MP = Rs 100.
Ifdiff.isRs500, SP = Rs 100x x500 = Rs8000.

V
25
I = Rs 72.
.-. Single discount = (100 -43.20) = 56.8%.

19. d; Let the marked price be Rs x.
Then, (7% of x) -15 = (5% of x)
25
I f diff. is Rs ,SP = Rsl00
22. a;
Price after 3rd discount = Rs [
25
ioo J
23. a; Let CP per kg be Rsx. Then,

x- 10% of* = 5.40 or* = 6.
.-. SP = Rs [6 + 20% of 6] = Rs 7.20
= R s 5

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Profit and Loss

it for Rs 84. What is the cost price of the article?

Given the following values, find the unknown values.

(i)Rs 100 profit

Find the gain or loss per cent, i f

seller for Rs 300. However, he had to sell them for Rs 255

6. b; Hint: Cost price of 20 dozens toys = 20 * 375 = Rs 7500

A loss of 5% was suffered by selling a plot for Rs 4,085.

11. Bhajan Singh purchased 120 reams of paper at Rs 80 per

7. a; Hint: Percentage profit

[Also see Rule 81]

10. b; Hint: CP of 10 articles = Rs 8

.-. SP of 1 ream = 108% of Rs

Profit and Loss

The profit earned by selling an article for Rs 600 is

A reduction of 20% in the price of sugar enables a

The profit earned by selling an article for Rs 832 is equal

Quicker Method: Applying the above theorem, we

Theorem: If a reduction of x% in the price of an article

A reduction of 30% in the price of tea enables a person

A reduction of 25% in the price of rice enables a person

A reduction of 10% in the price of salt enables a person

A reduction of 12 per cent in the price of oranges

enables one to purchase 15 oranges more for Rs 42. Find

A 10% hike in the price of rice forces a person to

the original price

A 15% hike in the price of wheat forces a person to

Theorem: If a hike ofx% in the price of an article forces a

.-. Profit = R s l 2 1 - R s l 0 0 = Rs21

Profit and Loss

Since the sign is +ve, there is a gain of 21%.

If a man purchases 12 mangoes for Rs 10 and sells 10

A person buys 8 oranges for Rs 15 and sells them at 10

A person buys 12 eggs for Rs 15 and sells them at 10 for

Problems Based on Dishonest Dealer

c) loss per cent of 56^-

d) gain per cent of 56-^-

A dishonest dealer professes to sell his goods at cost

Vote.- Rule - 6 is the special case of this rule. In Rule - 6, we

Since the sign is +ve, there is a gain of 2 % .

the required gain % =

A dishonest fruit vendor professes to sell his goods at

A dishonest fruit vendor professes to sell his goods at

A grocer sells rice at a profit of 5% and uses a weight

A dishonest fruit vendor professes to sell his goods at

A grocer sells rice at a profit of 20% and uses a weight

A grocer sells rice at a profit of 20% and uses a weight

loss is [l 00 - x] -100 according as the sign is +ve or - -MB

Total percentage profit =

A grocer sells rice at a profit of 10% and uses a weight

Quicker Method: Applying the above rule, we have

Profit and Loss

according as the sign is +ve or -

A dishonest dealer sells the goods at 6% loss on

A merchant professes to lose 4% on a certain tea, but he

cost price but uses 1 ^ ~ % l

A merchant professes to lose 10% on a certain tea, but

A dishonest dealer sells the goods at 20% loss on cost

A dishonest dealer sells the goods at 10% loss on cost

Since sign is +ve there is a profit of 7% .