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    American Spoken English: DG Davies

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    FrederickSharma
    This document summarizes common sound changes that occur in American English pronunciation including: 1) Voiced consonants often become unvoiced and vowels shorten before unvoiced consonants 2) Vowels often reduce to schwa and final consonants are often deleted, especially when followed by another consonant 3) Consonant clusters are simplified by deleting the first or second sound, such as "tr" reduced to "ch" and "st" to "s"

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    American Spoken English: DG Davies

    Uploaded by

    FrederickSharma
    235 views2 pages
    This document summarizes common sound changes that occur in American English pronunciation including: 1) Voiced consonants often become unvoiced and vowels shorten before unvoiced consonants 2) Vowels often reduce to schwa and final consonants are often deleted, especially when followed by another consonant 3) Consonant clusters are simplified by deleting the first or second sound, such as "tr" reduced to "ch" and "st" to "s"

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    This document summarizes common sound changes that occur in American English pronunciation including: 1) Voiced consonants often become unvoiced and vowels shorten before unvoiced consonants 2) Vowels often reduce to schwa and final consonants are often deleted, especially when followed by another consonant 3) Consonant clusters are simplified by deleting the first or second sound, such as "tr" reduced to "ch" and "st" to "s"

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    235 views2 pages

    American Spoken English: DG Davies

    Uploaded by

    FrederickSharma
    This document summarizes common sound changes that occur in American English pronunciation including: 1) Voiced consonants often become unvoiced and vowels shorten before unvoiced consonants 2) Vowels often reduce to schwa and final consonants are often deleted, especially when followed by another consonant 3) Consonant clusters are simplified by deleting the first or second sound, such as "tr" reduced to "ch" and "st" to "s"

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    American Spoken English

    SOUND CHANGES
    Phonological principles of fast natural speech
    1 Sounds Consonants Vowels
    Voiced d 9 j b v z zh th m n ng -I i lee m a ~ 0 u ar a
    Unvoiced t k ch p f s sh th 1- r-
    There are 8 pairs of consonants. Each pair is basically the
    same sound but one of the pair has the voiced vibration and
    the other does not. Say ssssss like a hissing snake or cat. just
    the passing flow of air going out. Then make the voice buzz
    like a bee flying near your ear • zzz~zzzz. sssssss - zzzzzzz.
    Learn these 8 pairs well. ..voiced often become unvoiced.
    Voiced (with vibration) d g j b v z zh th ~
    Unvoiced (no vibration) t k ch v f s sh th
    ---..-..
    Vowel Changes
    2 All other vowels often become a because bik~z
    3 All other vowels sometimes become I blk~z bak~z
    4 a often disappears, is not said b' kaz
    5 Say consonants with a vowel or add a weak a five fai va left Ie fata
    6 Make vowels longer before voiced sounds. See 1.
    back bag bmk b::e-g half have hmf h::e-v neat need I t ni-d
    7 re = ra = ar 100 hand red· handrad - handard
    Deletions - not saying a sound
    8 Breath stops when a sound is not said. Then the next sound is stronger.
    -'-- sit down SIt daun = sl'daun one more wan mo-ar = wa'mo-ar
    9 2 same sounds = 1 stronger some more sam mo-ar = sa'mo-ar
    10 Don't say the first of un)voiced pairs d t, 9 k, j ch, b p, v f See 1.
    Please sit down pliz Sit daun = pli'sl'daun s, fdt AI
    11 The first of 2 stop sounds often is not said. t d 9 k j ch b p bef~~e h
    jet black je'blmk good boy gu-'bol blank check bl..ng'chek
    12 s/z + sh = 'sh this shoe thiS shu = thl'shu Does she daz shi = da'shi
    t, d, th deletions
    13 tid + b = 'b Good-by, get better! gu-dbai getbctar;::: gu-'bai ge'betar
    14 t + ch = 'ch that chair thee'cher bad check bm'chek
    15 tid + j = 'j broad jump br~'jamp great joy gre'joi
    16 tid + I = 'I jet lag je'lce-g red light re-'Iait
    17 t/d/v In + m ='m let me le'm' give me gl'ml government govar'man t
    18 tid + n, n + tid = n and he didn't get nervous at midnight
    n i dl'n ge'narvas a' ml'nait
    19 tid + P = 'p wet paint we'pent lead pipe le-'paip bedpan be-'pce-n
    20 ts = 's It's wet sweat, not sweet syrup! I'sue'suet na'sui'sarap
    21 tid + th = 'th But they did that, didn't they? ba'the dl'thee'd,'ne
    22 tid + z = 'z words war'z 8 zeros e'ziroz bad zipper be-'zipar
    23 vowel + tid + weak vowel wide open wai-'opn straight out stre'out
    Put it on pu'I'an little water 11'0 wa'ar Eat it or not! i','ar nat
    24 -t, -d = -' All right, I would! ~rai' aiuu' Too bad! tu bee-'·Try ittrai I'
    25 -st = -s' just wait jas'wer must read mas'ri-d last week lees'wik
    26 ,+ d = 0'1 u' wildfire waio'fai-ar old man o-u'mliH1 See 48
    27 , + th ::::: -ul I -uth Will this wlulls I wluth,s tell them teulam I teutharn

    176

    28 n + th = n- when they've done that huenev dan;:et '

    29 sjz + th = 5-, z- What's that hua'saet Does this dazis

    30 thjd + sjz = 'sj'z months mans words war'z both sides bo'sai'z

    31 sh + th = shs I wish they'd finish that. aWlshse-t fmlshs;:et

    Other deletions

    32 -ing = ing, ih, 10, an doing duing - dUlO, duan something samthan

    33 ~- he, him, his, her, here Did he leave his book here for her to see?)1­
    have, has eev eez dJdi
    # livlz bukir f'ar t'si ­
    34 w~ - ~ or hu, often ~ What's white? hua's huait = ua'suait

    35 have ('ve), ,of - a + consonants, av + vowels ~up of coffee kapakJfi

    one of each wanavich could've gone/eaten kudago-njkudavitn

    36 Word fragments but, by b', than, and, in -n, do d', to t', the th'.{orf'

    you ya yl y', don't don - do, aren't orn - cr, them am • m .......

    But do you get them to the hotel by noon for lunch, and if you

    b' d' y' gc'am t'th' hoteo b' nun f'lanch n 'fYI
    don't need the cup and saucer that aren't bigger than yours? -p and
    don~' th' kap'm SJ5ar tha'ar bl-garn yurzss ·pn==-pm
    37 -n't -·n - don't won't shouldn't didn't can't
    don do won wo shun shu dl'n di k;en' k.e

    38 Don't say first sounds enough anaf· naf because b'kJz, 'kaz

    Did you get it? dlja gctlt • j'gc'lt - gC'lt

    Sounds change other sounds

    39 Voiced sounds become unvoiced before unvoiced sounds. See 1.

    has to move his car h;sz tu muv hlz kar ::: haes t'muf hiS kar

    40 Final voiced + s::: -z lives Ilvz man's m::enz boy is - boy's boiz

    Sentence final -z ::: -zss .. sees the boys siz th' boizss -V= \Iff

    41 t + Y = ch Didn't you last year? dl'nchu I<eschiar not yet nachct

    42 d + y == j Did you dlju red, yellow and white re-jelo n huoit

    43 s + y ::: sh kiss you this year klshu thlshiar nice yogurt naishogart
    44 z + y ::::: zh Is your IZ yur ::: Izhar Who's young huz yang:::: huzhang
    45 tjd + sh = ch What should huachud Did she dlchi
    46 I, n + sh ::: Ichl nch Will she wlulchi, wlushi when should hucnchud
    R· L Changes
    47 I + vowel::: ul + vowel Bite end of the tongue, say a soft u and move
    the tongue to make the following vowel. love ulav blue bulu
    48 I + no vowel:::: 0 ju milk mluk school skuo That's all the's:>o
    49 I .. oju + vowel == oju + I + vowel all over:>o lovar tell her tcuharjtcular
    50 r + vowel:::: ur + vowel First say u. Tongue back into mouth does
    not move while lips smile changing to next vowel.
    write - right urait three thuri prepare purapae-ar brown buraun
    51 thar thuar third Thursday thuar·d thuar-zdl
    52 ar + vowel == arur + vowel girls're in America garurozarunn amcunk~

    ;:n55~:e~ p;:par ~ ~pa::ntwn'li


    53 k, p, t before strong vowels .. stop air then let it out fast. -ngh -thh.

    54 The tip of the tongue stays back in the center of the mouth .. not
    high, not low. not in front. Practice speaking with a sharp point of
    a pencil put straight back into the mouth 2 cm.
    55 Voice Projection Throw the vibration of sounds out through the
    center of the forehead, up above out between the eyes:

    177 ./

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