I

.-'.8

.II

REF ID:A65381.;

FIBS! !E'tAILm IlftRRROO.AfiQH 01'

~A~ato

NilE:

~It

92eJ Rot i

DIGI, Augusto

Capt (Ital!Qn: A.nq)

Unit:
oryptogt"aph:SD Seo of SDI (later of sm)
I!Rorrogated: CSDIC t CMF 1 8 Sep lt4.

Rank:

1.

FREAMBL!

\r

Souree is 3S yra old.

He wne 1'ormerl3 employe4 as aD ~I' by tbe
Italian li1Jd,.atzy of ColiaUidoations in ROJ&E.
Ho did mil seft'1oe !n the Arttller,v
frem 1930-3f 11ld tram 1935-36.
During the war be lt&S o..,I.~d by the 017PtoC~"Phia
Sco of SlJ( (SERVIzro INFOR!MZIC.m MlJ.IT.mi) and after the Aabtioe (8 Sep "'''
worked tor the aome aeo of SID (SERVIZI.; M'ORMAZI'JNI DIFESA)-\
He supplied bltm
volunte.rily.

Good

2.

Him'ORY' AND HJVEMENTS

Sent to Orypto~~ eouree ~ war ~
Jo1nec1 ~to~ Seo ~ SDl at ~.. na POLl, l()JIB ..
Promoted Co.pt.
1 Jul. 41
Sent to II8RLilf with Col COSKACDii (see App ~.::,;~
21 Jen 42
orgn C1f German CHI .ABTEII..UlC oDd the use of
maohims.
Returned to ROME.
'
22 Feb 42
Sent to BERLllf ago.in to find out more about GeNaD iltthode
23 Doo 42
o.nd to negotiate far the puroha.so of HOLLERI'l'H III!IIOld.naa.
endDec42 Ordered book to ROME by the Germema.
SIM disbnnded.
~ returned to l41m.stry of
10 Sep 43
Commu:nioations in HOMB.
'
7 Oot 4.3 Ordered to roport back to SlJ4. Reporied to Dr FCGflmi,
who ho.d tek~n over the C!'yptogx:o.pbio Seca 1
sent 1iO s:di
1 Nov 39
10 May 40

28 Oot lt-3
2 Nov lt-3
beg Deo

43

--tc/

1/ /A"""- r-,

I 25 Feb 445 Apr 1.4

A 'V

15 ..'\pr 442 :Mrzy'

44-

HQ at P.\DUA.
~ J'ftPOJl)pdTI).

t with all other SID offre to NgR4 (l?rcrfi.Doe of

VER!l..\).

f(,'lf!z;I{IltJfJ.R.

Joined Crypto~o Se~of ~t

STIVIERE (F 2
- rE:CX 1:2.501 000
Zeal)
'il\UR i't ha.d ita offices in tbD LYCEO GJ:MHI\SIO and tile
SCliOLE -M'EtdliENl:O PROFESSIONltLE,
Section or&red ey Go:rmans t.o stop all aativitw.
Aakad to joined Republioan ~.
Botuaed.
Dismissed from SID end told tl:> report t'o He~ OolmuW
at P~IDJJ..
JVS.a!ted CiiS'l'IGialc&: ~ S'fiVIERE to ODl.leot h:i 1~,
SJl> Qryptoampbic Sect:lon sHU there, but mt woftbs,
~ :retUE'ned to :RI.:1S am rcm~d then Ubtil. the
U'X"iftl. of the .lUlie s.
-

I
3.

}14.~qll[cm.<!!l_SEZIONE CRiTm'LFFtCI SlM)

(beg l.,o.-8 Sep
I

( .)

Orpe'B!t1n. tlpr.;t~....Jl.'!!!.

Souroe states that, 1n

owrlappod into fields other thon the
omne directly 'Uilder the orders of tile
Por purposes of world.np;

sub-aeotions:1)

..;~

lt-3)

spite of the wide nature ot its ~a. wbidl

purely m:Uitaey, the sm Oryptogrophia Seo
f..rrrJ,y Dranch of SIM.
the Sec was divided int~ the tol~ ~

'

Di)'l~'\,io S\Jb-aeo

~ ..t.ar. th&L~~ Jmi!...~kt~

ot alJ

~catiA

'*DP

Subdi'd"aea into groups dsalin;~th diplomatic sie;s tratfic ot various

- ~s or groups of stn.tes.

Declassified and approved for release by NSA on 04-29-2014 pursuantto E.O. 1352e

...

"'

e..!

r .,. "

2-

'~

REF ID: A653BI

....,

QSDIQ/CRh !t.._

BoiWl~ 41Alt with~ bif)l-gracle tl'lftia.

RelftJ\ts obt...S.cl
woulrl be bahaGd ever to the various ar:ypto31"aph1o aeos worki~Js Sa the
01" b)
Itol.San OY.raa poa~eaaions (e.g. IIIJ:ES).
fo tile re~eii'Ob elt would be hazldecl
owr work ?bidlwas OOD81cJencltoo d.lff'1oult to be baDa:Led either b7 the other

ta,

aaas er bT the aryptoaroPhio seos in the td.

Dlo Sub-sao was turther aubclinaacl into gps dealiDS with the 11111 ss&s 1iraft1o or various sta.tes or gpa of
states Sn ppl".)zSmnte]3r the sema !ftan!l8r as tazo tho Diplcma.tio SW..sao.

QW!rp!Gl S'*t:sqo

111)
been~

Daa.lt cm1y' with Italian 0011111ercial codes,

Its duties to lave
tho oenaor1Jlg
oommere~ traffic and the detection ot arf8 a.ttozc,ts

or

by Italian firms to insert

11

aodes within oodos".

Bxoluaive ot IJUI'l"ds mel tlrc1crl1os, peraonnel emplo,yea b,y the 017P1IO..

szoaph1c Seo numbered approJt 45.
ot these, 16-20 wore or,rptopoaphera, encllW!bd
as o:ffl"lh
The rem.d.nder were ltCO tronsln.tors e.Bd alerts, tbe ma3Dr1V being dr11111
ft'Om
00 RR, tho remainc1Br :from the ~".rJ!f3.
All porBODnel, 1DC1. guDI"Cla, IICmlally
wore aivUio.n clothes.
Allotment of per:nnel between the tbNe sg,..seoa '981"1ed
in proportion to the vol111o of traffic and the priority of tuka a.t:UV" given
moment.
bnalators ad typists seem to ho.vo been pooled between tbe aubaecs;
Source gives the f'ollcMing as a typiO"..l Q].lotment of cryptographers a.t U\V ODe tiiiBa-

he

Diplomatic Sub-sao
FlL-Uf<E ond Colonies
TURKEY
mt.GIUM (Fronoh)
S'iiiTZEmu\N'.J (French and Gc.nnan)
RUlrL'.NL\
SP..UN
ron.TtJG.liL
LATIN ~'!MERICA ( incl ~.EXICC')
Slav States
GREl\!r DRITJ\IN
I:lOlaNIONS

USA
al. so SVIE!lEN

Vl~oi'Ia.\N

2
2
1
1

1-2
1

1 (lo.ter avero.ge higbar : .3--4.)

2

--1

12-16

m:t.tw

Sub-aec (inol:r..esearoh)

COmmercial Sub-sec

1
Grrm ~ Tot :-..1

(D)
normal~

3-5

16-22

-------

Sources of' Traffic

The tra.ffic given to the Or: -ptogrophio Sec tor daoipbe:dag waa
derived froM the following five main sources:-

1~

IT.i\U>RJJ1LO

11 ITlu.".DIE
iii TELEGR.\HI OFFICCS

lv STATIC

INTER$~ Stns

at H0l~C (:F'ORrE BRASCH!)

1\LlJElG..I/S:..vaN.."..
KJNC:J..IERI,htmnl

mn:CD

. ..

~F

._

ID: A6si=l

\.

JIW iiiJIW
OSDID/00/'l lt.

T) OlliE m1'ERCEPl' Stns 1 1nol those in LIDYA ( 1940-4,2)

miODES (after 19lt0)

ENNA (Sicily) (until

19~3)

LEOOE/nRINDISI ( untU 191t-3)

FlUME Dl'ea (after 194.1)
RUSSI/.. (with ARMIR)
--- . -

..

(c)

IDeation

Work was corrled out at 481 Vio. PCLI ROME.

Reaonstruated codes,
J)botostat copies and cryptographic roports were kopt in three aatea in this bldg.
Traffic HancD.ed 191t-0 8 Se;p 4.~

(:..>)

_,.Y

So\rce bad kmwled~e of the following 'WOI'k as baring been auooe811fully

carried out by SlK Cryptogt'9.phic Sec durins: the period under review:

I)

Diplomatic Sub-soc

(a.) FRANCS:
. In 1940 two diplomo.tio codos

'WOZ'e

under reconstruotion {no f'urther

detaU s known),

(b)

TURKEY

Source states th&t SIM met with considerable success in its work on
Turkish trattio, ns the latter wa.s found comparatively easy to read.
Work was
oarr1.od out on eeveral Turkish codes:fgyr-fi~_di"W:.9J!19-t..-:hq_p_o~ ( two books, one encipher and om acipher) used with two rcciph,,r tables.
The code-grou; of four
digits cbo.need after rocipherin,:~, by process of substitutions of the
f'h-st three digits; thus 12~ become 689,!t.
SIM was 1n possession
ot J>~-~-~~t copies of this c:_o~a, but WT of the reoipber to.bles.
(Source stafes tfiiit"'eili recfpllor to.ble used for the ANK.\RABERLllf
traffic was referred to as the "Zt\FER", and the rocipher table used
for the lt.NKIUU..-MJSCOW tra:f'fio was referred to as the ?"SAKARL\"),

i) A

V
!.i)
. /

'/

A four--figure .1iplomo.tic codo ("Codioe pagino.to", i.e. one book) with

bya4()..f'i~ reciph_;: key, which c~ed daily.
1bis oode was broken
SD.{ Cryptor_9:"o:ph.LU Sec on 19 Jul. ..,,

.... -

-...._-. -.....____._

----

A tour-figure diplomatic code, used by the Turldab Elllbaser in ROME,

with o. 40-figure reoiph13r key.
This oorla was referred to as "ll>KA.n.

1v)

A consular code - pne book - with reoipher.

The alear fJt this code
was reported to be in the Turkish langua~e written in .lftbta characters.

vy A four-figure diplomatic code called the

~~".
!his code was
(See par~ z...~.a.1:l. boU.j . tar

broken soms time before 8 Sep 4-3.

details see ll..pp ''F").

vi)

A tlw-tiguro Mil Attsoh& code, one book, which was in use unt:U. 1942.
!ftds oode was broken by SIM.
It was replaced by the code de scribed
in para ~.:::>.a. S. . -. below and in 1~ "E'!

(o) DBI.GIUM
Ill 1940 SDI wo:re readine trattio in an old diplomatic code ot wh:loh
they bad photostat oop:les.
Souroe did not remember IU'V detdJ.SJ be beliewd tbat
11: was a tour-figure oode, the first two digit"' 1nd1catills the page 1D the book, acl
the lo.tter two the oode ;roup

(a) swrr2BRLANJ?

Until 191t-1 a diplaaatic ooclo (in lll'onah) was beills zre-.1.

Attar tbia
aate tbe Slr:lss 1Dtroduoed oipher maob1nB s, aDil 8.8 a result mo . . . dlltooa!!Js WOII'\t ,...
( attaptecl.
- -----

'

REF rt)!X653Bl

~.

.. '
..,.

(e) RtJMANL\.

'

Wtl*lll
CSDIQ/CW/.r It

Jll codes were read, a.s SD.I bod sucoeedlld in obtaining photostat
oopies of all m-liilii4! f'1gbt i1f? to tho period of the Italian .t\.nld.Btioe.
Source states that dur.l.Z16 tho period 1939-43 the Rumanians changed the:Sr codas
fl'equentl.y, but all ths oor,c-booka were of approx:lmo:tely tbe same pattern, and SIM
never enao\Dltcrod CU'\1' sorious difficulties.
(For further details see poro. 4. ::>.
a.W. and lv. below}.
,

One dipl-omatic oode was readJ Source believes that it was at the
five-figure type, with recipher table.
SIM wero 1n possession of photostat oopiee
of the code itself.
Each logo.tion used dif'ferent 1--ecipher tables, but SDI had
succeeded in breeldng o.nd rccon<Jtructing some of those,

One diplO!!lat:tc code was read, Sn1' being in possession of photostat

copies.
Source believes th:lt th~s coda was of the five-figure or four-figux'e type.
Only tra:r.fic MJN'1~WID.OO-ROl.8 wa.s read,

(h)

CHlLE

One dipl01:1o.tic c-::>de l"as reo.d, SDJL being 1..."1 -possession of photostat
copies.
This was a fivc.-i'igure c.:>d.c, :iiv.ldcd (fer convonieooe) into three consecutive books, each with an enciphr..ring nnd dccipherin~: soc,

(i)

},lEXICO

SDI Ttero workin::; on three l'!Cpa't"o;';e codes.

Of theso, the first tw'' Vlt.ro of the five-lett'lr type ( "Codt. paginato"
one book); both oontai:n.ad elJout 20,0COt>ronouneoable eps, and were u::.ed 1n oonju"1Ctio~ with a da.lly reci-::'her table wor!cad on the :U.idinr. scale principle (thus
e,g. ''D.t\Bl.D" would become "D..'.Il.t~C").
The text of 111esss,nes ,.,l\8 intarsporsed with
cleiU',
Theso codes Tcre L.cth read .?nd reconstructed by Sii:.
The thira code was of the polyalphabetio 't7po, with 20 alphabets.
There arere a numbe:-.. of t~le '3
~~bout twenty different tc.blt.. s were read and
reconstructed by Slll.
\~)

.!?AIN

Prior to 1939 snt bad succecdod in breald.ne and reoonstruotin~ eevc:r-Gl.

diplo-.tic c.,dcs wh~ch had been used in the late Republican and eo.rl3 FRJ\NOO period.
Source statef:, however, that these codes were all out of usc .,~.. 1939, and f!O for ns
he is aero Be other Spc.nish codes were ronu or reconstructed by sm.

SOtrce statfls that SDl had succeeded in bl'f'e.ldnt7 IIU1d reconntructing

the toll owinc cod's:-

1!!.!2." ;
i)

.llpril_.!tt

A dipJ~.Datic
availe. 1e.

oooo (1l'l

fi~s) witb r~ciphe!",

Photostat oop'A.es were

~erAt.~

11)

'l'his was a fd ood.o, of Germer~ origin,

adapted ~ thP CROAT language, P..nl used in t~lC CROAT A..~.
It "as
of tho big. ~m typo, dcriv..:.. _ro 1 the tOP.l?ELl(,\.S'lmr.-~JTT~SSEL (two
s,uares oac 1 of 25 lo't ';rr~, \7hcrc the olr:c- ~1.gram was eJJDiphered b;y
tald.ng as th cipher b'igram the dio.gonol opposites, one fran oe.ah
squnre).
In 1se frobi Jun q.1 untU jan or Mar 4-3.
Wu first read at ROMC, ond hOl'ldld over I to the (?) Eiglath Italian ArtilY HQ at FIUME,

.An Um'.ACM code (OROAT Sta.tc).

iii)

A second UST..\CIL" ciph~r.

complete rcctnng ~~~.

This wa.s a transposition s,ystam with in-

REF-

tJ5: A653~~
'.//

cs.J!C/CMFLY 4.

A code used ~~- '-lnrshol Tiro's forcos.

Source believed that this
was o. mil ooclc.
It was o. Fri Code with substitution with bigram$'.
(1-,or details see :: "j_,'').

lY)

GREAT ThliT~\lN

( 1)

Source states that a diplomo.tic code {number of letters unspea~ied)

was 1n process of reconstraotion, and was hcir1c3 partilll.ly ~o.a..
(Source could
supply m further details).

(1:1)

US.\

SIM sucooedcd in reo.dinc the f'ollowinf: codes:-

~ ''B.t.lo;'IN" <lirlOCio.tic code.

Thi '3 is stated to ho.ve been of' the
,/five-letter tY't>C.
:i:"'r.otostat copica of' this code were o.vo.ilable to

i)

mM.
The ~~~~CRET" l.fllittJry ..tto.chc code.
Thin is st~ted to ho.ve br.en n
;'five-letter code >1':1. th rociphor tabll..') s.
:'hotostat copi<.. s of the code
./ were avo.Uablo to ::;nr, o..n'l tl.c :~Jsearch Sub-sec had succeeded in
reconstructillB a. nunLc , of rocipher to.blr s.

ti)

also

The "CONFI:JE:tn'L.L" Ullitory .'!.;';.::.cno code.

This isjstated to ho.ve
been a five-letter codu, witi1 r-:::c:i..pher tables.
Photostat copJ.es ot
. the oocle were o.vn.ilohl <: to Sl- , :~ond the :i1o search Sub-sea had suoceuded
V in reconstructing o. m'l"lbel"' of' recipher tabl~ s.

iii)

obtamcd by

(n)

Source believed tho.t one of the -photosto.t copi.es mentioned above was
from the Gemans.

s:m

SWEEI

One Swedish diplomo.tic cotic wo.s

bei~

rc:ad by SD-1.

(source could

supply no further detaUs).

(n)

VATIC:.N

W:Jrk on v..TIC..N si:;s trr.d'fic was carried out

Sec, in person.
He sta.tcd tho.t ho
oazricd out this work solely "for his o.::Mn sc.ti.J:f'o.ction11
.\.f'ter Gon GAMOA. retllrod
(see poro. 5. I. below) the work wo.s corried on by Co.pt BENr-t
Traffic rca.d oonsisttJd of two liplomntic corles; both wera 1n use at
the same pllrl.od of tjme, and were stUl cuiT-:.7nt on a Sep 43;
Source states that
these were both of the book type t'oodiec po.r,ino.to" - one book) with tri~oms.
The
book had 24 posos, eaoh page having 2lt- blocks, and co.ch block 24 linf.s.
In eo.oh
tr1s;lwl, the first letter 1ndicatad the paeu, the second letter indicated the block,
the th!rd letter indicated the line.
Thus, XY'3 meant: "?o.ge X, blockY, line Z",
tile latter giving the clear.
In o.dditian, "dud" letters ("NULLE") were eomotimes
!heBe mi~bt be plD.Ced ~here in th...: 1DC '3Saeo I but neve".:' Within the trigram.
Their 4IUDt posn 1n the message varieu in tLccordar.ce with the po.rticul.Ar Nuncio's
RcatcleDce participating :ln th~.. tro.f'fic.
Source 3to.tes that such duds wore bot to
bo totmd :ln fJf1V7 Marconierom gp of fivo letters.
Source sto.tes tho.t

by Gen

Gl~~,

heo.d of the Sill

th~

Crypto~nphic

aaaaa.

Source hod no JmowlocloYC of work bo.vi.Dg been attempted on the o1pber

or JlJ!l-B. He had personally naver met NV member of SIX Gryptograpbio Sea with U\7' ID'lowledge of either Ja.panese or Chinese).

(H.B.

trGtfto or
D)

(a)

'

CHIN.\

-and ResaE"Ch Sub-sec

Aml

A triR~Wa_ oode was suooesBfullY roo.d by snt d.Ul"ing this perio._

SoUI"'e beUena trl&'f 'tb1s oode was 1.n the first 1.nstance broken ""b;Y the Germons. It
wu ballaed. CM~r
SIM to tbll ~03l"f.XPhic Seo on
s, and the l11t~r was restfll'
ot SUbsoque:nt
dotaUs of this code, see

I~J

the~~~

messaJ3es~or

..

REF r1Y": A6538

.::::._

fOP SECRE1

11) !rurld.9 19[

A polJ'al.pbDbetia aode of five or .,re alpho.bcts was read 'b7
(Sour'Cc oould supply no furiber details)

1117Pto~hia Soc o.t nBD!ES.

iii)

Russian

tbe

Arllr

Souroa knew of a Fd Code whioh had been broken by SIK.

!h1a is deaaribed as a two-fi~ codo with a by ohazolP.i:ne daily.
A Sf1uat"e ot 10 x 10 small squaref:: contained 100 arcn.JIIs ii1Cl the alphabet, figures
punotuatlon marks and a fn words.
iv)

British Ariz&[
Souroo has knowledge of f'o'Ql" ooda s which bad been read with oomplete

or partial suacess by SD Cryptoe;raphic Sue, viz the "SIKO", "ANN.\", "cnHER" ond
WAR OFFICE" Codes.
Source clesarlbes the "SIKD" o.s a polyalphabetia code with 32 alphabets.
Messages started with o. Key Group of five letters, which indicated the order in
wbioh the enciphering bad been corried out.
For emmple, DOOCK might stand for
13795. The f"1rst digit of this key indicated fra:l which of the first n1m
alphabets the enaipber:i.ng had boon co1:ried out.
Taking the above example as btJine;
uad in the enaipbering of' a long mosse.e;e,
'
LmERS - CIHIER found.
Lotters in clear text
in .Uph&bet No
With Kez
1

1st

'1

'

33rd
63-rd
89th

3
7
9

7
9
5

11}th

aDd then the 141 st letter of message f'rt"r1 J..lphc.bct No 1 1 o.nd so on.
:/,.
Source states tho.t the "S'l:\0" code was iJroken in ROldE end "'s handed
over to the Italian Cr.yptograpbcBoo workin:; with the intercept units in l(FRICi.
The "ANNA" code is dasorived by Source as being on the BO.LOe prifl~iplP.
as the"S!KO", and its system we.s known to SIU.
The latter did rot concern th~
ael'ves with it to aey ere'"'u extent ::.ince, accordilll~ to Source, it was discoveorc.d
that the "J.JNA" code was only used in the course of mil exercises in the UK it:Jelf.

"' 1

The "CllHlm" was o. codt. v.hich, eccordine to Source, was used down to
a COIIIPer&tiwly low level in the British ~\rnrf.
It was used in the UK, end at least
' two of its tables were laam to tho Itcl.io.ns n.s havinz been used in LIBI~\ ond in t~.e
Middle East.
The code was ori,:imuly broken by the Ge:rn.ans, who communicated th1.Lr
rosult;s to the Itolians iD Jo.n 42.
The "cnHER" code is described by Source ss
involving the use of a ~uare s~d-divided into 26 x 26 smaller squares, with le+.tr~s
fer each column and line.
The 676 squares contained words, :rigures, plmotuo.ticn
marks and syllables.
"''.iJY is beliewi to have cho.need dnUy.
The 111.iJ'.R OFFICE" eode is described by Source e.s a fi~ oode, in wo
'i boots (emiplwr end de11ipber), reciphcred with o. "contin...:>us" "my (out of o. boo!t).
1... copy of the code itself was capturecl in LIDIA earl,y in 1942, and the Germv-1s en" joyed a measure of success in bruakine it.
The I~alio.ns obtained it from the
Germans but could not read it on account of the lack of IIOLLER:TH macbi.nes.

, !~'-

"

--~

..

(b)

U!aearoJ!

As stll.'tcl above (sub-para .."... ii. ) this seo concerned it self ch~ cfly
with 110rk which was consi.dBred beyond the imncdinto co.p'lhU.:.ties of ..ha othc.r subaecs or tho var:lous cryptoue,phic parties.
In ft..nP.ral, work soems to bo.ve been o1 o.
sall. scale; it wo.s mt 'lmtU YJJ:Y 4-3 that the -proJe~t of' obtainine \7ATSON-dCTLLR~ .i'ii
IIIBChines was reolised, e.nd. problems bc;;o.n to pe tnckled the solution of' 1'hich hai
untU then only been attempted by the Geroan:::.
Hork carried out with the no.chires
seems to have lleea of o. general nature.
Sot-Teo ho.s knowledge of' the follov"ing as
amone the tasks undertobn:
!.)
Statistics of lo.ngungu oharo.cterisacs, such as the ascertain~ of
the relative :freo.uencies of letters And oom1ino.tions of letters.
ii)
Detection of repeats.
111)
Sto.tist:tcs of sequences, e.g. TH in Enelish
QU in French
CC 1n Italian.

In ao:nnaat;1on nth the att~ to break tile "T/AR OWicE Oocle ( aee
aub..pan. a.iv. abow) work l~ as "c11ftereno1Ds" was c1oll8 with the
aid of the tabulating maobine.
!1'bis was D attealpt to break tbe
ati)traoter key.
b
tl])ulating machine worked out tbe IS.tferenaes
of f'l'equent gps of oo&t ( 1n book fc~), and the c11f'fereraaea of aps
in text.
\7ork in this CDrmeotion bad been carried out 'b,y the llenlaDa.
but Source oould not speoity the aagree of aucoeas obtained.

m)

Ceeroial. SUb-aao

Source bad little knaWJ.edge of the work done by this Sub-sea.

Be
knn that it worbd as a censorship office on the various Italian Coaaem1al.
Codas and other OOIIIIIII!Iroial. Codes used in rlALY.
~

(E)

J!!bliaation of ,results obtained

Bulletins oontdning messap:cs read by the Cryptograpbi.a Sec of SIM

were iseucd daily.
These bulletins v.ere typewritten, with ten to fourteen oopiea.
Distribution varied, mmally' inol:The King
Head of tho Govenmant
. Director of SIX
' Other Depts of SD4
Chief ot Staff
Ministry of Ebpul.ar Cult\11'8.

"

(J')

Security
All working papers were burnt after perusal.

4..

SID CRXP!'OGRAIHIC I SECTION ( Oot 43-Apr 4lf.)

{A)

mstoa

Formed as a part of SID at the time of the latter's reconstitution

under Dr FOOCHINI in Sep/Oct ~3, the nucleus to form the new leo being c1rawn tram
personnel who bad preriousl3' served 1n the Cryptogzoaphic Sea of SDl.
It was intended that the Cryptographic Seo ot the new SID should tulfU a s1mUu function
in working for the Republican Fascist Forces to that of the old Cryptopphio Seo
ot SIM 1n world.ng tor the Italian Armed Forces up to the time ot the Itali.aD Ant
istioe, but the new Sec was given the additioJllll task of devisins oode and cipher
s.vstems tor the use of tho Republican Fascist .Arnv (see sull-para D.b. below).
Formation took place 1n ROME in Sep/Oct 4.3, and in Oct/Nov 4.3 the Seo
mved to CASTIGLIONE l1EILE ST'IVIER1!: (F 26,50 - ITALY 1:250,000 - Northern l'r.ALY Zo:re)
taking with them at least some of the oodos which bad previousJ.y been in possession
ot SIM (see sub-para D.a. below). Sour e cixplains that at the timo of the Italian
Armistice Qcn FANTON!, the then Director of tho fJ,'tJJ3 Branch of SIM, ordered the
destruction of all cr,yptogre.ph1c documents.
The codes taken with them by SID
C:ryptographic Sec were, Source believes, the only ones which were mt 1n tat ao
lestroyed.
Source states that during the entire period up to Apr 44 120 work on
current traffic was carried out by the Sec, since the Republican Fascist Forces bad,
so tar as Source is aware, no intercept stns of their own, and all attempts to set
\ up such stns were frustrated by the Germano.
Souroo bas no lalowledge of the act\ ivities or movements of the Dec after 2 Uay ltJ+..
He believed that it was still
i located at CASTIGLIONE IELLB STIVIERI::, but one l"U8>ur said that it was to be dis:banded an4 that all cryptographic and intercept poraonoel of sm were to be attached
to various Gennan intercent \Ulits.

(B)

Qrs.rmisation and Strength

The orgn and functions of the various sub-seos of the SID 017Ptovsphio
Sec was in most rcspaats identical with that of the old SlM Cryptographic Seo lsee
para 3.A. above) but Sourctr ste.tes that up to Apr lt4 the former was designed on a
BCIIIIlcwhat smaller soale.
'l'he actual cryptogr:aphic personnel were dividad into
specialist gps, and it was intc.nded that Men fran the various gps should be aubel.lottcd to the JliPL(JUTIC, MILI'r.ARY le ReSEARCH or COI.!MEIDIAL Sub-Sees as required.
~~~

REF" ~J:): A6538.

'fOP

S!C!ft

OSDIC/C14Fh

In Apr

cU.oate

t,.

the oout1tution of those gps was aa lollows (figures 1n-

atrensth 1n otfrs).

00
Bngliab-spealdng Nations

!1\lrkish
Ara.bio
Ambar:l.o
Greek

1
2
J.,

Slav La!J&uages

Gemral Cryptographic work

Oonstruotion of new codes
VATICAN

2
1

Intercept

Total

(c)

-16

Location

On 2 Mq 1tJt. the Sec was a.t CASriGJ~IONE DELLE STIVIERE (P 2650 - l'rALY
1:250,000- Northern r.t'ALY Zona) where it bad its offices 1n the LYCEO.GIMNASIO and
the SC'DOLE JWCO\'dill!.'lfi'O HlOFESSIONJ\LE.
Source has no knowledge of Bl\Y subscauent
change of location.

"'i'C.

A..,~'"'~t.l -~D)

Work of Scotton (oct 4-3-Apr 44)

(a}

Reading of Foreign Codo s {Diplomatic and MU Attach&)

As state4 abOV'c (sub-para 4.A.) 110 work on cUE-rent traffic was carried
~eviow.
The various oodes and ciphers specified below
are thoso which were broken and read and either partly or wholly reconstructed by
SDt before the Italian .Armistice, and which the Cryptographic Sev of SID took with
them in their move to C.AS'l'IGLIOln:: IELLJ.: STIVIERE. They are mentioned under this
heading because they were thus alv:eys :n-o.ilable for reading current material and
mey in fact be used i'or this purpose by either Italian or Ge:nnan cryptographers nt
the present time.

out during the period tmder

i)

Turkish l.W.itaq Attache'' s Code

"{'c."'t.. para 3.D.I.b.Vi. above.

For dctnUs see .t\pp "E")

Photostat oopies oi' this code were avallable.

Source states that this oode is used by oll Turkish l4U Atta.chls.
It
is described as c. five-figure code with one book ~'codioc pnginato").
This code was broken before 8 Sep 43 in its entirety.
Up to that
date about one message per day was intercepted.
In Apr 44 the code was tn the offices
ot SID Cryptographic Sec at C1~IGLION".Ii: DELLE STIVIERE.

11)

1'urkish Diplomatic Code

(c.f. para 3.D.I.b.v, above.

For detaUs sec A-pp "F")

Source describes this o.s the code used by the Turkish Embassies in
BERL:nl and (?)VICHY.
It is stated to hllve b.en oi' thr tvo-book (encipher nnd decipber) four-figure type.
SlM referred to this code as thr "Qanlmya" ond had broken ond reconstructed it to their own aatisi'o.ction by 8 ~:.1 c.p 43.
Tro.fi'ic was intercepted at the
rate of about one message per day; the mnjority of these concPrncd chrome negotiationf.
In Apr 44 the results obtnincd by SD4 in reconstructing tt-is ool!e were
in the offices of the SID Cryptographic Sec at CASTIGLIONE DELLE STIVIERE.
iii)

R\ID&nian D~lor-t tic Code

( o. t.
3-:D'.I.e. above)

p;;:n;:

This code was in use in Scp 43.

SJl,f had succeeded in reading it.
:AJotostat copies were available.
Source could sup..,ly no further details.
As f'ar as Source knew, this code was stUl in the offices oi' the SID
017'Ptogmphic Sec at CASTIGLIONE IELLE S!IVIERE in Apr 44.

"'

'rl !'BI

'

CSDIC/CMF/'I

Rtlaanian Military ..\t1;ach& Cipher

(o,t. para 3.D.I,e. above, For details sec App "C")

tis is described as a transposition cipher with sauares each ot 36

letters.
It had been broken by SIM prclor to 8 Sep ~3, o.t which period it was
stUl in use,
Results of SD4' s work in brenld.ng this cipher were also at the of'tioas
of' sm Cr,yptographic Sec at CASTIGLiotr.~ lELLE STIVIERE in Apr 44.

v)

Spanish (?) Diplomatic Code

1'his had been reconstructed by Sin prior to 1940, at wtu.ch period 1i;

Source states that SID Cryptographic Sec brought copies of this code
with them when they mowd to CASTIGLIONE DELLE STIVIERE, but could mt explain
their reasons for doing so, since the code bad been obsolete for apprax f'our years,

was JJO longer in use,

(b)

J!

Production of Codas and Ciphers for Basoist Republican Forces

Source kMw only of a Naval Coda used by the .Arqr,

This was an old
four-f'iguz'e code, with gps :from ()()()0.9999, used in conjunction with a new recipher
table(" soprao~tura. a chio.ve contir.ua").
i'be recipher table changed chdly, (the
tables f'or eacH c1q being drawn up by band).

s.
SDI Qmtoer&J?I!1o SecU.on ( 194-0-!J)
Die following constitutes a list of Italian o:f'frs or WOs wb:>m Source
~era

as harl.ns worked at one time or arother in1 or 1n liaison with1 SIM

CJ7ptographio Sec,
Source stresses tbllt offrs frequent~ changed appointments or
were sent to tho various oryptogra.phio parties world.ne abroad or in the f'd1 althoueh
thtt aatual OOs of' the c!lepta ahaneed less f'requcntzy.
Otfra aarbd $ in this list
we:re work:lng for sm Crypt"gl"&phia Sec at C.AS.riGLIONE DELlE STIVIERE in ..'t."Dr !14 {sec
su))-para B. below).
FlDia'tltan or
HatioD&l !p

Penallntq

Rank and

emplo;yoed by

G/J4BA

Considered eccentric,
but unque stionabzy the best
oiYPtogro.pher in ITALY. Reads
French, English, Ge:nnan, Greek,
R\lllanian and Turkish. Believed
at present in R~ area.

COSJtACINI

Regular of'f'r and cryptographer.

At one time trained recruits
tar 5ec. Believed at present
in Northern IT.\LY.

of which be was Director

UDtU Spring lt-3, when be
was plaaed in retirement.

Aged 70.

Gen

SD Clyptographic Soc,

Po_eaent Director of' SID

~to~ Sec. Was
2 t/o of' SD Cryptographic
Seo unUl Gen GAEA 1 s retirement, when he took
over the post of' Director.-

Personal Details

~ame

Col

Lt-col Vl.LLETTA

Speaks French.
Believed at
present 1n Northern IT.A.IX.

capt

Engineer.
Speaks French,
Thought po ssib]3 at pre sent 1n
ROME area.

BONVnro

Speaks Frenoh.
Milanese, mq
be at present in MILAN.

1n 1940 with the party

e11gaged on the reconstruction of'
French codes.
Present whereabout a unknolrn.
~7orked

--~

fUkKISi

~~O !D:A653B

CJDICI'!e/r lh

$ Lt-col

C/t.RUSI,
Raoul

Int ottr,
Speaks Allbar1a an1
Arabia.
Bel.i&vea at pnaeDt

:lD Northam
Capt

II

NORDIC,
Ernoni

~ALY.

lDf' ottr,
Speaks Fzenoh.
Believad Jar l!riDs in nt!rament in Ront.rn I!AIX.

Comes fran miES'l'E,

Speaks
Fcrenoh,
Believed at present

"

in Rorthen ITALY,

Capt

II

GRAltDLA,
(?)G1cmmni

IJ1f' oftr,
Served in RIIOIBS Sn
42.
Speaks fla"kish.
Preaant
whereabouts unknam.
I

ottr, Lived prnio~ Sn

TURKEY and speaks !urkiab.
Pre sent whereabouts UDkDmm.

"

Capt

a\.ft'ISTICH,
(?)Roberto

Oav

II

2/Lt

RUSSO

Inf ottr, _ Speaks ~ld.ah.

Pre sont whereabouts unlc:nalrn.

swr.rZEJL\ND

Major G:.LOF.\RO,
(?)Giuseppe

J
..

Lt-Col VASSALLO

LATm /J.mRICA iml MEXICOl Capt

LroREZIO

SPAIN

FOR'l1&AL
~ Lt-Col SCRR.'\GLI,

Luigi

Oryptogl"aphcr,
At one time ran
tSearetariate" of SD4 Cryptoogt"&phic Sec.
Of Sicilian origin.
Speaks English and French, Believed at present bl ROD area

(?) Arty ottr.

Speaks Rumaman.

Beliaved at present in BOME area.

(?) Int ottr,

Speaks Spanish
I
and Portvauese.
Believed at
pre sent ill ROME area,
Aged

60.

Previous War Office

aryptographer.
Was
recently broUf'ht into ArfrV wi~h
rank of Lt-Ool,
Comes from
IlJBHNNIK.
Speaks Serbian and
CroatiaD.
At present in North81"11 r.rAiir.
emplo,yee J

II

2/Lt

Sl40LCICH

Inf' ottr,
Comes from SH..IT,
Speaks Serb~roat.
On 8 Sep 4.3
was in DliLMAi'L\,
Believed at
present 1.n CJ.mnan OODj)entrati.m
Camp.

II

2/Lt

Cl~.RELLI

Int offr.
Speaks Russian.
Belie"ed at present 1n RO:ME.

II

Capt

ONESTI,

Arty offr.
Comes from GENOA,
Present whereabouts 'Unk:nown.

Br\ll'lO

"

Sjt-JJ.aj N_'.!r_.LI

"

Capt IE BEDE:N I
GiOVClllli

Comes from Dlll.JIATIA.

Speaks
Slovene,
Believed at present
in Northern IT.A!ii.

Col C:OOOI,

Agod

"Taken 8118:'' by the

OORR.

Germans.

.\rturo

Ss--60.

Civilian granted
rank.
Was previous'cy'
Italian'Qonsul in SWEIEN.
'\7o\Ulded in last war 1 has a wooden
leg.
Speaks Enelish and Swedish.
Believed at present in Northe~
l'r!Uir.
"honor~"

REF _I]i :_A653Bl

'' -

.SfJI.CLCNf/i .4.

Spcnks EneJ.ish.
Pre sent
whereabouts unknown.

Capt

PIRLQ-RULINO

"

Capt

LITT..~

Speaks Enelish,
Stated to be

r:mti-Germen.
PJ.'t) sont whereabouts unknown.

"

Capt

PI:RONI

Speaks Enp).ish.
Northern IT.\LY.

GRE~

Hn.jor

G:..Ln'I

(No dotaUs

V.'.:I'IC.\N

Capt

DENN.'.

Took over this duty on retirement of GcnGAJID.'. (seeabove).

No other deta.Us lmown.

Research

Lt..Col SCUDERI 1
Francc3oo

commerciel Sub-sec

Lt

Intercept

Col

\vas

/as OC FOR'B Bl.'.scHI (ROME) Intercept Stn in ~ 40.

Believed
at present in Northern IT~'.Llf.

"
"SERVIZIO "I" DEL .RMIR"
(Intelligence BranCh of
Italian .'lrrtJy in RUSSI..\)

COLDI

At present in

known).

Reeular arty offr,

:-.eed 4C-45.
In Cr,yptographic Sec since 1939.
Snooks Frc:roh and e. little Enelish.
Believed at present in
RO:tr.E are a.
(No details lmown).
OC Statio Intercept Stns in
ITl.LY from ~ 40 onwards.

Lt..Col CriGV.'NUZ ',I,

Santo

Stated to have been OC

Lt..COl l!Jvi!':R

Crypto~raphit

Party with Intercept Units on

Rus sinn front.

Sc en in ROME in Jul. 44.

!lL~pBfaph~i,g.....e_p_t_iE_!!

(B)

Source states tho.t in ~rr ~ :this S-o employed the followinP. offrs,
all of whom wore at that date in C .STI';LIOll: D.i~':"Jn ~)TIVIERE.
Function or
Natioml 9E

oc
ENGLISH SW..'.KING-

Persont'.l Dete.Us

Bank nn<l Ham_!

S't'-.TB~

'l'URI<EY ~also :ll"nbic and

,\mhariCJ

Col

cosr~.cnn

(Soe sub-parrt 1. above).

Col

CROCI,
rturo

(See sub-., era A above)

(Seo sub--,ara !~ above).

Lt-col C .RU!JI
Lt-Col

Si~RR..~LI

('=;e sub-para ;. above).

Capt

DE

(Sec sub-parii above).

GREECE(al.a:> TURKEY)

2/Lt

.P :H.IO

Gcnernl Cryptoere.phy

Major

de 'ITT

(Ho details given),

Capt

1'.1IIT l")~"IT ,

(No details c;iven),

II

i)I;JE}\T
D~L
~oc'oU'o

Drothor of Marcello below,

ell tails given).

(No

HnfP.clc
II

Lt

"

Lt

U~LC:NGHI

Y~RIO

BELL:.,

Jfarcello

(No details given),

Drother of Rodolfo above,
other details given).

(No

Ccm~Sal of . tnop;n.phio codes

REF ... ~~~ A653Blt

CSPICJcprlf !t-

(?)

fJINri,

Oarl.o

BI"ot~wr

otber

ot Alberto 'below.
details a!wn).

Brothel' ot Cal'lo abcwe.

other aataU siftll).

.:~J\!I,

Iatenept

tiLt

ClJLlNI

(Ho ezaat a.taila given).

2/Lt

JI.UIU)

(No ax.ot details pwn).

II

(C)

(lfo

Italic Liatacm Oftiosrs with Qe:rman Cmtoepld.o Seo\ion

In BERLIM in JeD It!.

IB1IARI

Jla~

LA TORRE
( ?JELLA

(D)

Alberto

(Ro-

' Replaced the above in BDIIR Sa Deo 42.

mRRB)

~aenal.S.'':&A pi .sm (Reoonl!t.~t.~~

.P->

Souroe states tbat this man ~aecl the

reaonatltut1on ot SDI (nzaaecl SID) after the
Italian And.st:iae 1 and ocauplecl the post at
Dlreotatt.

(E)

Lt-col de I0

Replaoed Dr JOSCHDrl (after tbe tii!IDiaaal. ot

tbe latter in Peb la4.) as D!l'eotar? o't SIDe

Lt;..Col DAL IBa>

Oaoupied &ll 11118peO:lf1ecl post in SD) ill lfozothanl

1!~ 1n oat 43.
Raoallsd to IID8 ill Bov leJ.

Lt-Col PJ\OI.UIO

Suoooedod the abow in Northern ITALY ill Nov 4-3.

Geftl8ll Peraozptl llaiaing with SD ~ SID

l<tM't ~

Col KEMP :

( owwjc. H)

Col WENNER

Believecl b,y SOUl"Ce to be ~tor ot tbe

CHIAB'l'EILUNG in GERKANr.
Actual title "MI!fisrmiALRAT" state to be in
char., of Diplomatio ranab of Qerman Cr,ypiio-

gl"B.phio Section.
Stated to be in oba.re.e of Vllitary BraJDh at
German Cr.rpto"TB.phic Section.

(P)

Italian Naval aDd Air :Porce 9!%2tosraphers

(Naval ]lanka)
Capt DE HJN'L'E

:ar
Lt

OC Naval Cryptographic Section at CASTIGLIM

m:LIE S'l'IVIERE.

=~)~At
OlLSi'!GLI<Jm DELLE STIVIERE 1n Apr lt4.
GAETANO
(~vio~ at VOLTA )W{TOV:IMA (F 38lt2) rll.LY1

Jl4apla &\RB.\GAILO
Jldspmn BDmll

1:2.50,000 - Northern I'l'Atir).

(~u.r Foroe Rank)

w~

SIIL.'.RIS

(Lt-Col)
'

OC Air Force OJ7ptogzoapbio SeoU.on at CASriGLIONE

DELIE S'l'IVIERE 1n Apr ~.

mmp:IJ.,ilflous

( ..\)

Rote a on Italian Ciphers

Source was ,mt well aoauainted with Italian oiphera.

Be npplied the
tollowi12g inf'm spontaneously, and NOT in anarer to detaUed queationins.
/BetON Sep 43

REF-:J:ft)-:-A65381

Bofmoe Sep lt.3 tbB Qe!'mans supplied tho Italiau Jrith a mllber ot
BlllliiA ~ Maob,me.
ItUeu were irlstruot,.. ~the metbocl ot opeftt!on.

98DICAPM

AIHER ( tbe Italia Artq Oft the Ruaaian Front) '1&104 th1a tJ"pe ot WMbine for . , .
with am.
So\IE'Oe datos that tblae MaM.a were &lao uaec!.:-by the %ta.U.aa PGt:aea
iA LIBrA.
So\II'Oo beu.na that cme IIDbine ot thia 1iJpe 1 at
looate4 at
wmA JWaOVAIA, &Dd tbat amtber 1a at CA8rlQLI(B lJ!I',lU SflVDlB.

PI'

(B)

f!'!W.M ot

Iteltep 9Yptoep!d.o ME'P!l

!be oourae SoUl"'e att.aed, !D 1fov

wu the aeveat;b or etglstih of
ita kSD1. !he ftrn !a bollend to haw boon hBlcl abonl-f after thlt. war 1D SPAD'.
Wben tbB oouno assembled tbore were about 40-45 du!Jenta, all ottre (wstl, .taft'
4 qa).
!be OCNree lutiecl tzoom 1 Jfov 39 tQ 1 Mar ItO.
At the a4 ot thD
ooQJl'M, 10.15 atwmta were retaim4 tar a twther Aclvulcocl Oour wbiah l&ste4
traa 1 liar I.D to 1 Mcy 40. !be otber stude!Sa went as C117Pto apao1aliats with
Iateroept units or as o~ ottrs with ld.gs unite.
The oourse was dkeotecl b)r COl COSMACINI, Giuaoppo, en4 waa ,bela iza
a
ad.1,obd.ng the Italian JUnistl)' of war.
It i.Dalu&ulleoturea on the
t~ .S.de ot Oif~snPlv and praatical exeroiaea.
For the latter, atu&mte
wodal4 1n gpa 'Of two or three.
Reports were maae on the work of the atuaellts b;y
tbo Direct ills Statf.
.
Tns 1Dolu4ed singlo and 4olmle transposition, pl.qfair - !nd1 notpbeJoecl plqfa!r (by ueeM ot "qatems" oalled BDPIDI md TRIFIDI) - P>~elpbabotio
o1phen e.DC1 arid oipbars.
stQiont s on the Advanced Course were trailled 1n bookbre~ { aU&le book and eDDiphezo and d.eoiphor books "'ODDCI DfJ.'lSRVJ5Rl'tti") ..

blas

d: /_;_ ~

..,..

c. s.n.:~:.c.,
c.Y.F.,

20 Sep ~.

~-

<~1t ~~;::{~,
,..,.......

I'

'

;'

Lt-<'ol.

Oand:t, CSDIO,CMP.

rO

~65381 ~;or l!l)i!!!!f

sgpiJq~Ap XISIIS

(a)

ro

"'' qmclm!Jt 'r

BER[,IN

(!La mentiomed !r1 para 2 of attacho4 report)

Qbject of First Visit

~.Source was sent to BERLIN toptber with the 2 i/o SIU

Oz7ptogJ"aph1c ~m.
Ool OOSMACINI was abarged with the mission ot
obte.Wng int'm em tho genenl oren of the Geftl8ll ar,ptograpbio Sol'rioo, on ita
worting and on speo!tio problema oamnected with aeyptograpbio work.
IDtm
also to be acquired on tbe use of perforated card uaaohS.ncs (patent WA!S)H~).
Source did :not acocmpaqr the Col on all bia visits but was able to gain a &8DBral
idoa bow the Ge:rman Sorri.oo worked.

(b)

i)

1
i

German Cqptosraphic Service {OHI..d~~'ING)

$
Organisation

The Sco was div.l.ded into two dist1not sub-aeoa or 'branohea, vis
Diplcmat:lo and Mil.
The Diplanatic Branch was directed by Mlld.sterialftt ( = Ool)
WENNER and the Mil Branch by Maj MtJC..
The whole Sea was OOIJIDIBDCled 'b7 OolXEMPI.
Material was sent to the Sco from the Intercept Stu (? IIJI'I Stollen)
soattered all over G:ElUt\NY and the oooupied countries.
At the 1:Smo ot SoUE"Oeta
visit there were two stns on tbe Russian tront, two 1n FR.:".JJJE, one 1n CIRBl!XBD 8Dl
one :ln LIBI."L.
All the 1II01'k on tho dinlomatic sic3e was done in BBRLIN wb:lle the WDI'k
on the mSJ. side was doM almost wboU,. outside BERLllf.
!be ottioes in BERLm weN
grouped ma1nly :ln the TIERGARL'EN district (M.'a.T'lE:aaiUIE PL.\!Z1 V.WOORL\ SfRASS,
STANDtJn'EN STRI~ and GR.iF SmE UFER)
,
11)

Methods and

Suaoesa aobiovod

As far as Souroe could jurlgo tbe GcrmaDs were ~ SUDCeaa .a

the m1l side, cxJIQP1 tor_ ~hf:. "srid" 1~ic") and "'.1'1.P!t X~ L"!tn>a X").
Be c11cl
mt have a ohenoc to stuc\7' their metb0ds'""iiid8T"'air '6ut bellnod that they ware
mrmal. - inteZTOgation of PW, captured docs and st:ra.ight OI')"Ptographic work.
.
At Bl!~IN work on the m1l side was CODO&I'Jl8d with problems ot a
gu~~erol natur:-e and the treatment of l!ffBtoms which could not be b:roken either at
the :f'ront or by detached seos in GERM.'.NY.

iii)

Muse\111 and !,aboratorx

In BERIUN Source paid a visit to n anall labora~e\ID wha~

meohblos were kept which carried out quick substitutions of letters and mabers,
graphs, statistics of letters, bigrama and trigrams.
~ ava:llable type of oa:ptured liiOb:lnc 'Wfl.S also held thoro - Souree saw the FT&noh HAGELIN 0 36, ~e x
without rollezos (drums) and a Russian maohim.
He oould give :no c1ata1ls on tba
wr'k:1ng qt tbe maohinea as hD only sar th=. onoe.
T:1ey were all bu!l,:t with telep'horle eqp\, tables (with oonmutators) and jacks, seleetors and rele.va.

1v)

QEcup

dealing with perforated card maobiDe a

The gp dealing with perforated card maobinea was large aDd ~a

about thirty i-orsons mt :lnol those working on perforators and writyc:rs (oheolaers).
Source states that work was being done on maohinBs which hacl bee
requlsi~ h. ~ARIS,
!l'heae me.ohinc s were a-

a)

~ertore.tors,

hand and mtor driven, for figures .!'ftdlettersf

with or without chock ( "controllo aar.l.ftllti J

't'er!f.yers
dup~ioators
I

...

selectozos
tabulttors, al.pbabbtioal. and JUDerioal.

.......
\.!
'

.All the meolt.no s ren on 11 0 ( 1 20'?) Volt IXJ.

The 1101'k oan-!.od out was of a stat:S.at1cal natUl"Q on at least 10.000
letters clsrived from orig~ texts for the various languages on wbiob they worm.
!be followi~~g ~ oalcula~dc-

a)

trequilnJDieaa of bigrams and tr1srams for these

:aDguaaea.

probab:tlS:~
tre~miee

of aambillations of letters.
of polJ.grams in various texts U14 natiatioba a
oateM.'', i.e. tbe maber of "mea letters oombbte aDd the!zo
repeatll..
\
dat1n1cs 011 tntf'io ..r the var!.oua translttins stns.
substitut!oa ot Jlllllbers (figures) and letters tor re~bered
t~s.

-.Jd.Dg of "c11tf~s and books of "differences" traD the

higber treq~ OO<le-Worb e~a,.d with reoipher keys.
Tbis
tJpe of work was Olirried out 1n pariioul.ar 1n the case ot material
c1arS:ved f'l'Cm the "WAR OFFICE" Oode,

In orc1er to elSmlnate tho effect of NQipberiDg a teln4atiftg maold.DB

was &domatt.oel.q doing the work of cU.tfereJJCiJlg betwaen a certain gp of one text
aD4 ao maqy other gps of other text pleoed in such e. manner e.s to be oe.pable at
b~ reo!pband b,y means of the saum gp of the "contiiQ)us" llay,

(o)

Renlte of visit

011 his retum to ROME So'tln)e mde a report to the head ot SIU on what
All e. Nsult 1-t waa dooided to \lllder\ab ~~ in I!ALY dD a
aaall eaale with perforated C1U'd machines, with a vin to expend:on &lh:>ulcl t!Mt7

bB bad eBeD.

prove ot uee.

Plans were ma to b1rc , Jai!IOtWdt"rclll s.A. WATSCfi k MJL.\N.

"'inp
went VflrJ il.ow'l.7 and before tbD hire oonVe.ot was signed Souroe was eent to BERLIN
aga1~a, beoauae 1n rt.\Ly t~re wezoe no tabulators wbiab without W)dif1oat1ona would
have been oapable ot wol'ldns out ~ diffcrenaea.

(a)

In.

Socfmd Yis1t

to

ga

Jt& .SOwoe

visited BEm.IN again but e.ohiend poor ~sult"a.. !he

Ge:nnana preferred.
aen4 ozae ot their teo1mlo1ans (Ben- OOBBm) to ROD, rather
tbullet !dm eee tbair :Snstellations agaizl.
They aal\&"ed b1m these were being
..,-v'Qd to amtber locality. "in snne woods". -:;z..G1.~~
1'be toatmioian 'iot in touch with tbe tina WATSm an4 proposed the
~ of aome Italis 6Mnes tor a tabulating maob1ne ot the type 1).11 (t~UmaD}.
mia ~ was efteotecJ..
~ 8\tlaequent ldre oo*"act stipulated tbe lW"e to
tbe Italian Or,rptognphia Seo ot 12 maab!nea. perforating, seleot111Eb ~lioatias
u4 tabulat~ maohinea.

(o)

Work O!Z1e4 out

5T

tbe

itpl.W! with tbe maabiJ1ea

~\bout ten "lots of work were carried out by the rta11ana.

Tbe.f
statistics tor 10,000 letters tor EDglim, Prenoh and Spa!d.sbJ a"ohai,_
atat1st1oa" { statistio& a oe.tena) tor a Frenoh :v-steaJ a t'l"eqWIIIqy oount on a
.Ameri.oa code in prooe es of reoonstruotian and a smell wl\ID8 ot ditrerenoe a" for
a Turld.ah oocle.

1Doluc184a

'

---

RE~3B'

..

v
,'

8Di0/p!r/I ,.,...

Code, stated by Sodrae to bave been used 'b7

tmOSLAVIA (aae pan 3.D.I.t.1v. of report).

A_

'R

'

D 3
E~

nm 8

(".._]) &

A ... ITt
B ~b3z

........

- r- t-- r--t- +-t-

Farces 1n

'-

:~..

---

- -

'-

--

I
~

1-

- -

~- ~-

~-- ~-

0
I

1.

2.

I-

!be -616

eto.,

'

Bq\181"88

. -4

_l
t

I
I

II

'
I

OOilta'lned t1gUes, words punatuatiop ...ta,

11811188,

!he el'Pb.J)eta (letters outside the a~a) wen uwe4 about, tad
ill tt IIQUU"ea was .E. ohagecl. (Alphabet awed ea blOC)").

.!fe

!he Dr Ia wld.ab maaap waa ...SVn4 waa sS.ven at tba beslmdng ot

the ...,.
It took the tOinl of a
ID\loatilla tho poa ot
tbe tirrlt lett_. ot the alphabet J E e t t e r a ~the pom ot
a oariaia 8CJU&N wldoh OODt;a1necl a wozd 011" a t1gure

..

.-

'-L ~

T'

'

/'

I I!

~""!

'

'

: ~~ ,

~~-

... -- ,_.

',

,..

i"\.- /

..

'

~, ~

;~

ElfQ

--

stlri tz.om tbe top left baD4 oomezo

aS....,'7 to bottaa rigbt baD1

1---- -

oorner. continue f'rOI!l top rie;bt hcncl

corner cli~n:ll~ to bottoo lett
band oorncr l'nd ) '? rn PC o,.atnrr to
!;:ear fJ.lJ i! ......... l.r,.Lnr' S"' .l"n~. from

1~

Ll

~ott

:.~"'

..

l'o .. ,o_. .

:J

1
I

'

;o_l

. . M'JV!'!niAK (p OIIJBR)

LSVJBA IJIOOSV
P'l'BOaE lDOOIJ.
.
,. EI.JM:f IQA.im 1:1 ~l"'C'"P, ,14' tin

-------

--

'

~'

....

r'

""-

'

2
L

-I --lt- s

--1 v

_L_, __ _2__
Ddc1pmr OD k!y 2t1Jft
E

_..._

llaraoDigram

text !a tUled 1n

ta.

36 squares (6 x 6} 1n the nol'lllal

mAnner.

i'he 12 icttera on the

diaeonaJ. s are taJaen out and

written dawn (and oaraaelled 1n
the square).
Then proceed aa
:for enc1phol"ing, as per key.

me.

a)

L.\,1300(1'\.ISOILE.

b)

vo\DA.ifm. RoJP.\.STOiq.r.r,IP.r~c.\T

ENCimER;

GENER..iL ST.".FF FOR POPESCU SIDP FUEURER WAN/.l'S TO SEE OONDOOATOR

grop PLEl~ INSTROOT

The text on the :Marconigram reada

!)

either ~ LOEOU SEP.PN otc. 1

:li) CR, 1f the text oooupied rrmoe than om .36 letter

a straight l:lma

aq'IIIZ'e 1

S.t waa aopied :ln

... -

--. ------1
__ ,__--____

.A

a'badmmlr
~

~a'bsQ'lut

t----

It
F

---------' . '10
Jl2

1--

---- --------

-- - -=4----tI

-- __ __.I

--~

-----'
I

----

'
:

----

~
~J..

I
I

'

-1

_.

'

I
I

'
I

Dlua "alumdonni" or"abamonnar" was encoded D&Z, "abaolut" - JAZ, etc.,

!he tizost letter 1D the tripm was the key to the line ~tho 'block
Uld +;he leaDI:I4 ~ th.i.rd 1nd!cated the block itself.
fbe keys were changed e9e!7

mnth.

--
-

REF~Bl

C.f. pa.raa 3.D.I.b.'V'i. e.nd 4.D.a.i. 1n attached report.

:~s stated in above para, this code was broken by SDl before 8 Scp
In llpr ~ iiho results obtained by snt were in the offices of SID'Cryptographia
Section at C~~IGLIONE I1ELIE STIVIERE.
Photostat oopics were available.
Code is dcsoribed as ~ thu one book five-figure type, with the
tollow!ng obazoaoteristias:

~.

-00b:ir c~ne)

020
II

II
II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

II

"

II

"

II

II

II

II

cc

________

----------9~9-

Each page contained a n\l!lbcr of three-figure gps (Ops from OQ0-999).

Tho Pages ere .. numbered both at the top and at the bottom, say page OJI': 00 at
the top, 99 at the bottom.
The number (word stand~ far figure) one (b1r) is
encoded on eltomato months 000,20 am 99020.
\

PaJ!E' 1 of the book oontains1

Numbero (one lW ~for nach)

The alphabet {tv10 gps for each lett(jr:
One for the Ul1&ltered
Lt...TlN letters, P.nd one tor Latin letters adapted to the 1'urld.sh
lBZJgUB.ge, sey 001 for C
and 002 for ~ ( tch).

J?aecs 2-3 of the book coma:in:

punatuo.tion marks, eto.,

End peges of the book conta.ina

goographioal. names.

V017 o:rten the encoded vcroion of tbe mesaago ia reaipbercd by moans

("chi~NC addittiva"), sq 00020

ot a 1'ivo-t'1gure a.dclit!og key

?Jt152
21t.172 (1m O&l"l7in8 ad41tion).

Messages had the address in olcar wordoda

'

RE~a-1

)-~.

....

; iF.W!' .

'!imMIX

A-~

lBRIDt

!AKE

OOOt
0002

'

0003

ooor.

CR

'

ooos, "''

!be aaoc1a4 text was recd.pbaftd 'bJ' au ot a ~ Jcl9, wld.ala

obaaae4 ft8l7 eev8D4ia
(0. 1-stb at D7 noi.pbe~Ncl te aocle SP
i11' ~ gpa).
'

IB obeok gpa ,... used with tld.e oocle.

4\cJiresa aru1 ldpatun of message wuoe 1ft olear.
MDaaeae ala.D
oada.SD qo keJ SP" ("sruPPO 41 rioomaoimluto").

aewa.

'

,.


REF

....

ID :A653'Bi .

A.C. of S, G-2 1 l~Q1

G-2 (Si~~~I~) J~iQ 3
G~COsoi~ ~ 1
GSI (s) JIAI, . . .,..,. . . .1

MIa, l~ 1
MI 8 1 UK1

F1le3

"'~ \t.. ~ "\)

--