Chap 4

Larsen: Modern Advanced
Accounting, Tenth Edition
I. Accounting for
Partnerships and Branches
4. Accounting for
Branches; Combined
Financial Statements
The McGrawHill
Companies, 2005
Chapter Four
Accounting for
Branches; Combined
Scope of Chapter
The accounting and reporting for segments of a business enterpriseprimarily branches
and divisionsare dealt with in this chapter. Although branches of an enterprise are not
separate legal entities, they are separate economic and accounting entities whose special
features necessitate accounting procedures tailored for those features, such as reciprocal
ledger accounts.
BRANCHES AND DIVISIONS

As a business enterprise grows, it may establish one or more branches to market its products over a large territory. The term branch is used to describe a business unit located
at some distance from the home ofce. This unit carries merchandise obtained from
the home ofce, makes sales, approves customers credit, and makes collections from its
customers.
A branch may obtain merchandise solely from the home ofce, or a portion may be purchased from outside suppliers. The cash receipts of the branch often are deposited in a bank
account belonging to the home ofce; the branch expenses then are paid from an imprest
cash fund or a bank account provided by the home ofce. As the imprest cash fund is depleted, the branch submits a list of cash payments supported by vouchers and receives a
check or an electronic or wire transfer from the home ofce to replenish the fund.
The use of an imprest cash fund gives the home ofce considerable control over the cash
transactions of the branch. However, it is common practice for a large branch to maintain
its own bank accounts. The extent of autonomy and responsibility of a branch varies, even
among different branches of the same business enterprise.
A segment of a business enterprise also may be operated as a division, which generally
has more autonomy than a branch. The accounting procedures for a division not organized
as a separate corporation (subsidiary company) are similar to those used for branches.
When a business segment is operated as a separate corporation, consolidated nancial
statements generally are required. Consolidated nancial statements are described in
121

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4. Accounting for
Branches; Combined
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Companies, 2005
122 Part One Accounting for Partnerships and Branches
Chapters 6 through 10; accounting and reporting problems for business segments are included
in Chapter 13.
START-UP COSTS OF OPENING NEW BRANCHES

The establishment of a branch often requires the incurring of considerable costs before
signicant revenue may be generated. Operating losses in the rst few months are likely.
In the past, some business enterprises would capitalize and amortize such start-up costs
on the grounds that such costs are necessary to successful operation at a new location.
However, most enterprises recognized start-up costs in connection with the opening of a
branch as expenses of the accounting period in which the costs are incurred. The decision
should be based on the principle that net income is measured by matching expired costs
with realized revenue. Costs that benet future accounting periods are deferred and allocated to those periods. Seldom is there complete certainty that a new branch will achieve
a protable level of operations in later years. In recognition of this fact, in 1998 the AICPA
Accounting Standards Executive Committee issued Statement of Position 98-5 (SOP 98-5),
Reporting on the Costs of Start-Up Activities, which required expensing of all start-up
costs, including those associated with organizing a new entity such as a branch or
division.1
ACCOUNTING SYSTEM FOR A BRANCH

The accounting system of one business enterprise with branches may provide for a complete set of accounting records at each branch; policies of another such enterprise may keep
all accounting records in the home ofce. For example, branches of drug and grocery chain
stores submit daily reports and business documents to the home ofce, which enters all
transactions by branches in computerized accounting records kept in a central location. The
home ofce may not even conduct operations of its own; it may serve only as an accounting and control center for the branches.
A branch may maintain a complete set of accounting records consisting of journals,
ledgers, and a chart of accounts similar to those of an independent business enterprise. Financial statements are prepared by the branch accountant and forwarded to the home ofce.
The number and types of ledger accounts, the internal control structure, the form and content of the nancial statements, and the accounting policies generally are prescribed by the
home ofce.
This section focuses on a branch operation that maintains a complete set of accounting records. Transactions recorded by a branch should include all controllable expenses
and revenue for which the branch manager is responsible. If the branch manager has
responsibility over all branch assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses, the branch accounting records should reect this responsibility. Expenses such as depreciation often
are not subject to control by a branch manager; therefore, both the branch plant assets
It is interesting to note that 23 years before the issuance of SOP 98-5, FASB member Walter Schuetze
dissented to the issuance of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 7, Accounting and
Reporting by Development Stage Enterprises, because it did not address the issue of accounting for
start-up costs.

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4. Accounting for
Branches; Combined
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Chapter 4 Accounting for Branches; Combined Financial Statements 123
and the related depreciation ledger accounts generally are maintained by the home
ofce.
Reciprocal Ledger Accounts

The accounting records maintained by a branch include a Home Ofce ledger account that
is credited for all merchandise, cash, or other assets provided by the home ofce; it is debited for all cash, merchandise, or other assets sent by the branch to the home ofce or to
other branches. The Home Ofce account is a quasi-ownership equity account that shows
the net investment by the home ofce in the branch. At the end of an accounting period
when the branch closes its accounting records, the Income Summary account is closed to
the Home Ofce account. A net income increases the credit balance of the Home Ofce account; a net loss decreases this balance.
In the home ofce accounting records, a reciprocal ledger account with a title such as
Investment in Branch is maintained. This noncurrent asset account is debited for cash, merchandise, and services provided to the branch by the home ofce, and for net income reported by the branch. It is credited for cash or other assets received from the branch, and
for net losses reported by the branch. Thus, the Investment in Branch account reects the
equity method of accounting. A separate investment account generally is maintained by the
home ofce for each branch. If there is only one branch, the account title is likely to be Investment in Branch; if there are numerous branches, each account title includes a name or
number to identify each branch.
Expenses Incurred by Home Ofce

and Allocated to Branches
Some business enterprises follow a policy of notifying each branch of expenses incurred
by the home ofce on the branchs behalf. As stated on page 122, plant assets located at a
branch generally are carried in the home ofce accounting records. If a plant asset is acquired by the home ofce for the branch, the journal entry for the acquisition is a debit to
an appropriate asset account such as Equipment: Branch and a credit to Cash or an appropriate liability account. If the branch acquires a plant asset, it debits the Home Ofce ledger
account and credits Cash or an appropriate liability account. The home ofce debits an asset account such as Equipment: Branch and credits Investment in Branch.
The home ofce also usually acquires insurance, pays property and other taxes, and
arranges for advertising that benets all branches. Clearly, such expenses as depreciation,
property taxes, insurance, and advertising must be considered in determining the profitability of a branch. A policy decision must be made as to whether these expense data are
to be retained at the home ofce or are to be reported to the branches so that the income
statement prepared for each branch will give a complete picture of its operations. An expense incurred by the home ofce and allocated to a branch is recorded by the home ofce
by a debit to Investment in Branch and a credit to an appropriate expense ledger account;
the branch debits an expense account and credits Home Ofce.
If the home ofce does not make sales, but functions only as an accounting and
control center, most or all of its expenses may be allocated to the branches. To facilitate
comparison of the operating results of the various branches, the home ofce may charge
each branch interest on the capital invested in that branch. Such interest expense recognized by the branches would be offset by interest revenue recognized by the home ofce
and would not be displayed in the combined income statement of the business enterprise
as a whole.

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4. Accounting for
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Part One Accounting for Partnerships and Branches
Alternative Methods of Billing Merchandise Shipments

to Branches
Three alternative methods are available to the home ofce for billing merchandise shipped
to its branches. The shipments may be billed (1) at home ofce cost, (2) at a percentage
above home ofce cost, or (3) at the branchs retail selling price. The shipment of merchandise to a branch does not constitute a sale, because ownership of the merchandise does
not change.
Billing at home ofce cost is the simplest procedure and is widely used. It avoids the
complication of unrealized gross prot in inventories and permits the nancial statements
of branches to give a meaningful picture of operations. However, billing merchandise to
branches at home ofce cost attributes all gross prots of the enterprise to the branches,
even though some of the merchandise may be manufactured by the home ofce. Under
these circumstances, home ofce cost may not be the most realistic basis for billing shipments to branches.
Billing shipments to a branch at a percentage above home ofce cost (such as 110% of
cost) may be intended to allocate a reasonable gross prot to the home ofce. When merchandise is billed to a branch at a price above home ofce cost, the net income reported by
the branch is understated and the ending inventories are overstated for the enterprise as
a whole. Adjustments must be made by the home ofce to eliminate the excess of billed
prices over cost (intracompany prots) in the preparation of combined nancial statements
for the home ofce and the branch.
Billing shipments to a branch at branch retail selling prices may be based on a desire to
strengthen internal control over inventories. The Inventories ledger account of the branch
shows the merchandise received and sold at retail selling prices. Consequently, the account
will show the ending inventories that should be on hand at retail prices. The home ofce
record of shipments to a branch, when considered along with sales reported by the branch,
provides a perpetual inventory stated at selling prices. If the physical inventories taken periodically at the branch do not agree with the amounts thus computed, an error or theft may
be indicated and should be investigated promptly.
Separate Financial Statements for Branch

and for Home Ofce
A separate income statement and balance sheet should be prepared for a branch so that
management of the enterprise may review the operating results and nancial position of the
branch. The branchs income statement has no unusual features if merchandise is billed to
the branch at home ofce cost. However, if merchandise is billed to the branch at branch retail selling prices, the branchs income statement will show a net loss approximating the
amount of operating expenses. The only unusual aspect of the balance sheet for a branch is
the use of the Home Ofce ledger account in lieu of the ownership equity accounts for a
separate business enterprise. The separate nancial statements prepared for a branch may
be revised at the home ofce to include expenses incurred by the home ofce allocable to
the branch and to show the results of branch operations after elimination of any intracompany prots on merchandise shipments.
Separate nancial statements also may be prepared for the home ofce so that management will be able to appraise the results of its operations and its nancial position. However, it is important to emphasize that separate nancial statements of the home ofce and
of the branch are prepared for internal use only; they do not meet the needs of investors or
other external users of nancial statements.

I. Accounting for
4. Accounting for
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Combined Financial Statements for Home Ofce and Branch

A balance sheet for distribution to creditors, stockholders, and government agencies must
show the nancial position of a business enterprise having branches as a single entity. A
convenient starting point in the preparation of a combined balance sheet consists of the adjusted trial balances of the home ofce and of the branch. A working paper for the combination of these trial balances is illustrated on page 128.
The assets and liabilities of the branch are substituted for the Investment in Branch
ledger account included in the home ofce trial balance. Similar accounts are combined to
produce a single total amount for cash, trade accounts receivable, and other assets and liabilities of the enterprise as a whole.
In the preparation of a combined balance sheet, reciprocal ledger accounts are eliminated because they have no signicance when the branch and home ofce report as a single
entity. The balance of the Home Ofce account is offset against the balance of the Investment in Branch account; also, any receivables and payables between the home ofce and
the branch (or between two branches) are eliminated.
The operating results of the enterprise (the home ofce and all branches) are shown by
an income statement in which the revenue and expenses of the branches are combined with
corresponding revenue and expenses for the home ofce. Any intracompany prots or
losses are eliminated.
Illustrative Journal Entries for Operations of a Branch

Assume that Smaldino Company bills merchandise to Mason Branch at home office
cost and that Mason Branch maintains complete accounting records and prepares nancial statements. Both the home ofce and the branch use the perpetual inventory system. Equipment used at the branch is carried in the home office accounting records.
Certain expenses, such as advertising and insurance, incurred by the home office on
behalf of the branch, are billed to the branch. Transactions and events during the first
year (2005) of operations of Mason Branch are summarized below (start-up costs are
disregarded):
1. Cash of $1,000 was forwarded by the home ofce to Mason Branch.
2. Merchandise with a home ofce cost of $60,000 was shipped by the home ofce to
Mason Branch.
3. Equipment was acquired by Mason Branch for $500, to be carried in the home ofce accounting records. (Other plant assets for Mason Branch generally are acquired by the
home ofce.)
4. Credit sales by Mason Branch amounted to $80,000; the branchs cost of the merchandise sold was $45,000.
5. Collections of trade accounts receivable by Mason Branch amounted to $62,000.
6. Payments for operating expenses by Mason Branch totaled $20,000.
7. Cash of $37,500 was remitted by Mason Branch to the home ofce.
8. Operating expenses incurred by the home ofce and charged to Mason Branch totaled
$3,000.

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4. Accounting for
Branches; Combined
The McGrawHill
Companies, 2005
These transactions and events are recorded by the home ofce and by Mason Branch as
follows (explanations for the journal entries are omitted):
Home Ofce Accounting Records
Typical Home Ofce

and Branch
Transactions and
Events (Perpetual
Inventory System)

Journal Entries
(1) Investment in Mason
Branch
Cash
1,000

Branch
Inventories
60,000
(3) Equipment: Mason

Branch
Investment in
Mason Branch
Mason Branch Accounting Records

Journal Entries
Inventories
Home Ofce
60,000
1,000
60,000
60,000
Home Ofce
Cash
500
500
500
500
Trade Accounts
Receivable
Cost of Goods Sold
Sales
Inventories
(5) None
Cash
Trade
Accounts
Receivable
(6) None

Branch
Operating
Expenses
1,000
1,000
(4) None
(7) Cash
Investment in
Mason Branch
Cash
Home Ofce
Operating
Expenses
Cash
37,500
Home Ofce
Cash
80,000
45,000
80,000
45,000
62,000
62,000
20,000
20,000
37,500
37,500
37,500
Operating
Expenses
Home Ofce
3,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
If a branch obtains merchandise from outsiders as well as from the home ofce, the merchandise acquired from the home ofce may be recorded in a separate Inventories from
Home Ofce ledger account.
In the home office accounting records, the Investment in Mason Branch ledger account has a debit balance of $26,000 [before the accounting records are closed and the
branch net income of $12,000 ($80,000 $45,000 $20,000 $3,000 $12,000) is
transferred to the Investment in Mason Branch ledger account], as illustrated on the
next page.

I. Accounting for
4. Accounting for
Branches; Combined
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Companies, 2005
Reciprocal Ledger
Account in Accounting
Records of Home
Ofce Prior to EquityMethod Adjusting
Entry
Investment in Mason Branch

Date
Explanation
Debit
Credit
2005
Cash sent to branch

Merchandise billed to branch at home
ofce cost
Equipment acquired by branch, carried in
home ofce accounting records
Cash received from branch
Operating expenses billed to branch
1,000
1,000 dr
60,000
61,000 dr
500
37,500
3,000
Balance
60,500 dr
23,000 dr
26,000 dr
In the accounting records of Mason Branch, the Home Ofce ledger account has a credit
balance of $26,000 (before the accounting records are closed and the net income of
$12,000 is transferred to the Home Ofce account), as shown below:
Home Ofce
Reciprocal Ledger
Records of Mason
Branch Prior to
Closing Entry
Home Ofce
Date
Explanation
2005
Cash received from home ofce

Merchandise received from home ofce
Equipment acquired
Cash sent to home ofce
Operating expenses billed by home ofce
Debit
Credit
Balance
1,000
60,000
1,000 cr
61,000 cr
60,500 cr
23,000 cr
26,000 cr
500
37,500
3,000
Working Paper for Combined Financial Statements

A working paper for combined nancial statements has three purposes: (1) to combine
ledger account balances for like revenue, expenses, assets, and liabilities, (2) to eliminate
any intracompany prots or losses, and (3) to eliminate the reciprocal accounts.
Assume that the perpetual inventories of $15,000 ($60,000 $45,000 $15,000) at
the end of 2005 for Mason Branch had been veried by a physical count. The working
paper illustrated on page 128 for Smaldino Company is based on the transactions and
events illustrated on pages 125 and 126 and additional assumed data for the home ofce
trial balance. All the routine year-end adjusting entries (except the home ofce entries on
page 130) are assumed to have been made, and the working paper is begun with the adjusted trial balances of the home ofce and Mason Branch. Income taxes are disregarded
in this illustration.
Note that the $26,000 debit balance of the Investment in Mason Branch ledger account and the $26,000 credit balance of the Home Ofce account are the balances before
the respective accounting records are closed, that is, before the $12,000 net income of
Mason Branch is entered in these two reciprocal accounts. In the Eliminations column,
elimination (a) offsets the balance of the Investment in Mason Branch account against
the balance of the Home Ofce account. This elimination appears in the working paper
only; it is not entered in the accounting records of either the home ofce or Mason
Branch because its only purpose is to facilitate the preparation of combined nancial
statements.

128
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4. Accounting for
Branches; Combined
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Combined Financial Statements Illustrated

The following working paper provides the information for the combined nancial statements (excluding a statement of cash ows) of Smaldino Company on page 129.
SMALDINO COMPANY
Working Paper for Combined Financial Statements of Home Ofce and Mason Branch
For Year Ended December 31, 2005
(Perpetual Inventory System: Billings at Cost)
Adjusted Trial Balances
Income Statement
Sales
Cost of goods sold
Operating expenses
Net income (to statement of retained earnings
below)
Totals
Statement of Retained Earnings
Retained earnings, beginning of year
Net (income) (from income statement above)
Dividends declared
Retained earnings, end of year (to balance
sheet below)
Totals
Balance Sheet
Cash
Trade accounts receivable (net)
Inventories
Equipment
Accumulated depreciation of equipment
Trade accounts payable
Home ofce
Common stock, $10 par
Retained earnings (from statement of retained
earnings above)
Totals
(a) To eliminate reciprocal ledger account balances.
Home Ofce
Mason Branch
Eliminations
Combined
Dr (Cr)
Dr (Cr)
Dr (Cr)
Dr (Cr)
(400,000)
235,000
90,000
(80,000)
45,000
23,000
(480,000)
280,000
113,000
75,000
-0-
12,000
-0-
87,000
-0-
(70,000)
(75,000)
40,000
(12,000)
(70,000)
(87,000)
40,000
117,000
-0-
25,000
39,000
45,000
26,000
150,000
(10,000)
(20,000)
5,000
18,000
15,000
30,000
57,000
60,000
(a) (26,000)
150,000
(10,000)
(20,000)
(26,000)
(a) 26,000
(150,000)
-0-
(150,000)
-0-
-0-
(117,000)
-0-

I. Accounting for
4. Accounting for
Branches; Combined
The McGrawHill
Companies, 2005
SMALDINO COMPANY
Income Statement
Sales
Cost of goods sold
Gross margin on sales
Operating expenses
Net income
Basic earnings per share of common stock
$480,000
280,000
$200,000
113,000
$ 87,000
$
5.80
SMALDINO COMPANY
Add: Net income
Subtotal
Less: Dividends ($2.67 per share)
Retained earnings, end of year
$ 70,000
87,000
$157,000
40,000
$117,000
SMALDINO COMPANY
Balance Sheet
December 31, 2005
Assets
Cash
Inventories
Equipment
Less: Accumulated depreciation
Total assets
$ 30,000
57,000
60,000
$150,000
10,000
140,000
$287,000
Liabilities and Stockholders Equity

Liabilities
Stockholders equity
Common stock, $10 par, 15,000 shares authorized,
issued, and outstanding
Retained earnings
Total liabilities and stockholders equity
$ 20,000
$150,000
117,000
267,000
$287,000
Home Ofce Adjusting and Closing Entries and Branch Closing Entries
The home ofces equity-method adjusting and closing entries for branch operating results
and the branchs closing entries on December 31, 2005, are as follows (explanations for the
entries are omitted):

130
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Adjusting and Closing Entries
Adjusting and Closing

Entries (Perpetual
Inventory System)
None
Investment in Mason
Branch
Income: Mason
Branch
Income: Mason Branch
Income
Summary
12,000

Closing Entries
Sales
Cost of Goods
Sold
Operating
Expenses
Income
Summary
80,000
Income Summary
Home Ofce
12,000
45,000
23,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
12,000
None
12,000
Billing of Merchandise to Branches at Prices

above Home Ofce Cost
As stated on page 124, the home ofces of some business enterprises bill merchandise
shipped to branches at home ofce cost plus a markup percentage (or alternatively at
branch retail selling prices). Because both these methods involve similar modications of
accounting procedures, a single example illustrates the key points involved, using the illustration for Smaldino Company on pages 125 and 126 with one changed assumption: the
home ofce bills merchandise shipped to Mason Branch at a markup of 50% above home
ofce cost, or 3313% of billed price.2
Under this assumption, the journal entries for the rst years events and transactions by
the home ofce and Mason Branch are the same as those presented on page 126, except for
the journal entries for shipments of merchandise from the home ofce to Mason Branch.
These shipments ($60,000 cost 50% markup on cost $90,000) are recorded under the
perpetual inventory system as follows:
Journal Entries
Journal Entries for

Shipments to Branch
at Prices above Home
Ofce Cost (Perpetual
Inventory System)

Branch
Inventories
Allowance for
Overvaluation
of Inventories:
Mason Branch

Journal Entries
Inventories
Home Ofce
90,000
90,000
90,000
60,000
30,000
In the accounting records of the home ofce, the Investment in Mason Branch ledger
account on page 131 now has a debit balance of $56,000 before the accounting records
are closed and the branch net income or loss is entered in the Investment in Mason
2
Billed price cost 0.50 cost; therefore, markup on billed price is 0.50/(1 0.50), or 3313%.

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4. Accounting for
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Branch account. This account is $30,000 larger than the $26,000 balance in the prior illustration (page 127). The increase represents the 50% markup over cost ($60,000) of the merchandise shipped to Mason Branch.
Reciprocal Ledger
Records of Home
Ofce, Prior to EquityMethod Adjusting
Entry

Date
Explanation
Debit
Credit
2005
Cash sent to branch

Merchandise billed to branch at markup
of 50% over home ofce cost, or
3313% of billed price
Equipment acquired by branch, carried in
home ofce accounting records
1,000
1,000 dr
90,000
91,000 dr
500
37,500
3,000
Balance
90,500 dr
53,000 dr
56,000 dr
In the accounting records of Mason Branch, the Home Ofce ledger account now has a
credit balance of $56,000, before the accounting records are closed and the branch net income or loss is entered in the Home Ofce account, as illustrated below:
Reciprocal Ledger
Records of Mason
Branch Prior to
Closing Entry
Home Ofce
Date
Explanation
2005

Equipment acquired
Debit
Credit
Balance
1,000
90,000
1,000 cr
91,000 cr
90,500 cr
53,000 cr
56,000 cr
500
37,000
3,000
Mason Branch recorded the merchandise received from the home ofce at billed prices
of $90,000; the home ofce recorded the shipment by credits of $60,000 to Inventories and
$30,000 to Allowance for Overvaluation of Inventories: Mason Branch. Use of the allowance account enables the home ofce to maintain a record of the cost of merchandise
shipped to Mason Branch as well as the amount of the unrealized gross prot on the
shipments.
At the end of the accounting period, Mason Branch reports its inventories (at billed
prices) at $22,500. The cost of these inventories is $15,000 ($22,500 1.50 $15,000).
In the home ofce accounting records, the required balance of the Allowance for Overvaluation of Inventories: Mason Branch ledger account is $7,500 ($22,500 $15,000
$7,500); thus, this account balance must be reduced from its present amount of $30,000 to
$7,500. The reason for this reduction is that the 50% markup of billed prices over cost has
become realized gross prot to the home ofce with respect to the merchandise sold by
the branch. Consequently, at the end of the year the home ofce reduces its allowance for
overvaluation of the branch inventories to the $7,500 excess valuation contained in the ending inventories. The debit adjustment of $22,500 in the allowance account is offset by a
credit to the Realized Gross Prot: Mason Branch Sales account, because it represents additional gross prot of the home ofce resulting from sales by the branch.
These matters are illustrated in the home ofce end-of-period adjusting and closing entries on page 134.

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Working Paper When Billings to Branches Are

at Prices above Cost
When a home ofce bills merchandise shipments to branches at prices above home ofce
cost, preparation of the working paper for combined nancial statements is facilitated by an
analysis of the ow of merchandise to a branch, such as the following for Mason Branch of
Smaldino Company:
SMALDINO COMPANY
Flow of Merchandise for Mason Branch
During 2005
Beginning inventories
Add: Shipments from home ofce
Available for sale
Less: Ending inventories
Cost of goods sold
Billed Price
Home
Ofce
Cost
Markup
(50% of Cost;
3313% of Billed Price)
$90,000
$90,000
22,500
$67,500
$60,000
$60,000
15,000
$45,000
$30,000
$30,000
7,500
$22,500
The Markup column in the foregoing analysis provides the information needed for the
Eliminations column in the working paper for combined nancial statements below and on
page 133.
SMALDINO COMPANY
(Perpetual Inventory System: Billings above Cost)
Income Statement
Sales
Cost of goods sold
Operating expenses
Net income (loss) (to statement of retained
earnings below)
Totals
Net (income) loss (from income statement
above)
Dividends declared
Retained earnings, end of year (to
balance sheet on page 133)
Totals
Home Ofce
Mason Branch
Eliminations
Combined
Dr (Cr)
Dr (Cr)
Dr (Cr)
Dr (Cr)
(400,000)
235,000
90,000
(80,000)
67,500
23,000
(a) (22,500)
(480,000)
280,000
113,000
75,000
-0-
(10,500)
-0-
(b) 22,500
(70,000)
(75,000)
40,000
87,000
-0(70,000)
10,500
(b) (22,500)
(87,000)
40,000
117,000
-0(continued)

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SMALDINO COMPANY
Working Paper for Combined Financial Statements of Home Ofce and Mason Branch (concluded)
(Perpetual Inventory System: Billings above Cost)
Balance Sheet
Cash
Inventories
Allowance for overvaluation of inventories:
Mason Branch
Equipment
Home ofce
Retained earnings (from statement of
retained earnings on page 132)
Totals
Home Ofce
Mason Branch
Eliminations
Combined
Dr (Cr)
Dr (Cr)
Dr (Cr)
Dr (Cr)
25,000
39,000
45,000
56,000
5,000
18,000
22,500
(30,000)
150,000
(10,000)
(20,000)
(a) (7,500)
(c) (56,000)
30,000
57,000
60,000
(a) 30,000
150,000
(10,000)
(20,000)
(56,000)
(c) 56,000
(150,000)
-0-
(150,000)
-0-
-0-
(117,000)
-0-
(a) To reduce ending inventories and cost of goods sold of branch to cost, and to eliminate unadjusted balance of Allowance of Overvaluation of Inventories: Mason Branch
ledger account.
(b) To increase income of home ofce by portion of merchandise markup that was realized by branch sales.
(c) To eliminate reciprocal ledger account balances.
The foregoing working paper differs from the working paper on page 128 by the inclusion of an elimination to restate the ending inventories of the branch to cost. Also, the income reported by the home ofce is adjusted by the $22,500 of merchandise markup that
was realized as a result of sales by the branch. As stated on page 127, the amounts in the
Eliminations column appear only in the working paper. The amounts represent a mechanical step to aid in the preparation of combined nancial statements and are not entered in the
accounting records of either the home ofce or the branch.
Combined Financial Statements

Because the amounts in the Combined column of the working paper on page 132 and above
are the same as in the working paper prepared when the merchandise shipments to the
branch were billed at home ofce cost, the combined nancial statements are identical to
those illustrated on page 129.
Home Ofce Adjusting and Closing Entries and Branch Closing Entries
The December 31, 2005, adjusting and closing entries of the home ofce are illustrated on
page 134.

134
I. Accounting for
4. Accounting for
Branches; Combined
The McGrawHill
Companies, 2005
Home Ofce Accounting Records Adjusting

and Closing Entries
End-of-Period Home
Ofce Adjusting and
Closing Entries

To record net loss reported by branch.
10,500
Allowance for Overvaluation of Inventories: Mason Branch

Realized Gross Prot: Mason Branch Sales
To reduce allowance to amount by which ending inventories of
branch exceed cost.
22,500

Income Summary
To close branch net loss and realized gross prot to Income Summary
ledger account. (Income tax effects are disregarded.)
22,500
10,500
22,500
10,500
12,000
After the foregoing journal entries have been posted, the ledger accounts in the home ofce general ledger used to record branch operations are as follows:
End-of-Period
Balances in
Accounting Records
of Home Ofce

Date
Explanation
Debit
Credit
2005
Cash sent to branch

of 50% above home ofce cost, or
Equipment acquired by branch,
carried in home ofce accounting
records
Net loss for 2005 reported by branch
1,000
1,000 dr
90,000
91,000 dr
500
37,500
3,000
10,500
Balance
90,500 dr
53,000 dr
56,000 dr
45,500 dr

Date
2005
Explanation
Markup on merchandise shipped to
branch during 2005 (50% of cost)
Realization of 50% markup on merchandise sold by branch during
2005
Debit
22,500
Credit
Balance
30,000
30,000 cr
7,500 cr
(continued)

I. Accounting for
4. Accounting for
Branches; Combined
The McGrawHill
Companies, 2005
End-of-Period
Balances in
Accounting Records
of Home Ofce
(concluded)

Date
2005
Explanation
Debit
Realization of 50% markup on merchandise sold by branch during 2005

Closing entry
Credit
Balance
22,500
22,500 cr
-0-
Credit
Balance
10,500
10,500 dr
-0-
22,500

Date
2005
Explanation
Debit
Net loss for 2005 reported by branch

Closing entry
10,500
In the separate balance sheet for the home ofce, the $7,500 credit balance of the Allowance of Overvaluation of Inventories: Mason Branch ledger account is deducted from
the $45,500 debit balance of the Investment in Mason Branch account, thus reducing the
carrying amount of the investment account to a cost basis with respect to shipments of merchandise to the branch. In the separate income statement for the home ofce, the $22,500
realized gross prot on Mason Branch sales may be displayed following gross margin on
sales, $165,000 ($400,000 sales $235,000 cost of goods sold $165,000).
The closing entries for the branch at the end of 2005 are as follows:
Closing Entries for
Mason Branch
(Perpetual Inventory
System)

Closing Entries
Sales
Income Summary
Cost of Goods Sold
Operating Expenses
To close revenue and expense ledger accounts.
80,000
10,500
Home Ofce
Income Summary
To close the net loss in the Income Summary account to the
Home Ofce account.
10,500
67,500
23,000
10,500
After these closing entries have been posted by the branch, the following Home Ofce
ledger account in the accounting records of Mason Branch has a credit balance of $45,500,
the same as the debit balance of the Investment in Mason Branch account in the accounting
records of the home ofce:
Compare this Ledger
Account with
Investment in Mason
Branch Account
Home Ofce
Date
Explanation
2005

Equipment acquired
Net loss for 2005
Debit
Credit
Balance
1,000
90,000
1,000 cr
91,000 cr
90,500 cr
53,000 cr
56,000 cr
45,500 cr
500
37,500
3,000
10,500

136
I. Accounting for
4. Accounting for
Branches; Combined
The McGrawHill
Companies, 2005
Treatment of Beginning Inventories Priced above Cost

The working paper on pages 132133 shows how the ending inventories and the related allowance for overvaluation of inventories were handled. However, because
2005 was the rst year of operations for Mason Branch, no beginning inventories were
involved.
Perpetual Inventory System

Under the perpetual inventory system, no special problems arise when the beginning inventories of the branch include an element of unrealized gross prot. The working paper
eliminations would be similar to those illustrated on pages 132133.
Periodic Inventory System

The illustration of a second year of operations (2006) of Smaldino Company demonstrates the handling of beginning inventories carried by Mason Branch at an amount
above home ofce cost. However, assume that both the home ofce and Mason Branch
adopted the periodic inventory system in 2006. When the periodic inventory system is
used, the home ofce credits Shipments to Branch (an offset account to Purchases) for
the home office cost of merchandise shipped and Allowance for Overvaluation of Inventories for the markup over home office cost. The branch debits Shipments from
Home Office (analogous to a Purchases account) for the billed price of merchandise
received.
The beginning inventories for 2006 were carried by Mason Branch at $22,500, or 150%
of the cost of $15,000 ($15,000 1.50 $22,500). Assume that during 2006 the home
ofce shipped merchandise to Mason Branch that cost $80,000 and was billed at $120,000,
and that Mason Branch sold for $150,000 merchandise that was billed at $112,500. The
journal entries (explanations omitted) to record the shipments and sales under the periodic
inventory system are illustrated below:
Journal Entries for

Shipments to Branch
at a Price above Home
Ofce Cost (Periodic
Inventory System)

Journal Entries
Investment in Mason
Branch
Shipments to
Mason Branch
Allowance for
Overvaluation
of Inventories:
Mason Branch
None
120,000

Journal Entries
Shipments from
Home Ofce
Home ofce
120,000
Cash (or Trade

Accounts
Receivable)
Sales
150,000
120,000
80,000
40,000
150,000
The branch inventories at the end of 2006 amounted to $30,000 at billed prices, representing cost of $20,000 plus a 50% markup on cost ($20,000 1.50 $30,000). The ow
of merchandise for Mason Branch during 2006 is summarized on page 137.

I. Accounting for
4. Accounting for
Branches; Combined
The McGrawHill
Companies, 2005
SMALDINO COMPANY
Flow of Merchandise for Mason Branch
During 2006
Beginning inventories (from

page 132)
Add: Shipments from home
ofce
Available for sale
Cost of goods sold
Billed Price
Home
Ofce
Cost
Markup
(50% of Cost;
3313% of Billed Price)
$ 22,500
$ 15,000
$ 7,500
120,000
$142,500
(30,000)
$112,500
80,000
$ 95,000
(20,000)
$ 75,000
40,000
$ 47,500
(10,000)
$ 37,500
The activities of the branch for 2006 and end-of-period adjusting and closing entries are
reected in the four home ofce ledger accounts below and on page 138.
End-of-Period
Balances in
Accounting Records
of Home Ofce

Date
Explanation
2006
Balance, Dec. 31, 2005 (from page 134)

of 50% above home ofce cost, or
Net income for 2006 reported by
branch
Debit
Credit
Balance
45,500 dr
120,000
4,500
165,500 dr
52,500 dr
57,000 dr
10,000
67,000 dr
113,000

Date
Explanation
2006

Markup on merchandise shipped to
branch during 2006 (50% of cost)
Realization of 50% markup on
merchandise sold by branch during
2006
Debit
Credit
Balance
7,500 cr
40,000
37,500
47,500 cr
10,000 cr

Date
2006
Explanation
Realization of 50% markup on
merchandise sold by branch during
2006
Closing entry
Debit
37,500
Credit
Balance
37,500
37,500 cr
-0(continued)

138
I. Accounting for
4. Accounting for
Branches; Combined
The McGrawHill
Companies, 2005
End-of-Period
Balances in
Accounting Records
of Home Ofce
(concluded)

Date
2006
Explanation
Debit
Net income for 2006 reported by

branch
Closing entry
Credit
Balance
10,000
10,000 cr
-0-
10,000
In the accounting records of the home ofce at the end of 2006, the balance required in
the Allowance for Overvaluation of Inventories: Mason Branch ledger account is $10,000,
that is, the billed price of $30,000 less cost of $20,000 for merchandise in the branchs ending inventories. Therefore, the allowance account balance is reduced from $47,500 to
$10,000. This reduction of $37,500 represents the 50% markup on merchandise above cost
that was realized by Mason Branch during 2006 and is credited to the Realized Gross
Prot: Mason Branch Sales account.
The Home Ofce account in the branch general ledger shows the following activity and
closing entry for 2006:
Reciprocal Ledger
Records of Mason
Branch
Home Ofce
Date
Explanation
2006

Net income for 2006
Debit
Credit
120,000
113,000
4,500
10,000
Balance
45,500 cr
165,500 cr
52,500 cr
57,000 cr
67,000 cr
The working paper for combined nancial statements under the periodic inventory system, which reects pre-adjusting and pre-closing balances for the reciprocal ledger accounts and the Allowance for Overvaluation of Inventories: Mason Branch account, is on
page 139.
Reconciliation of Reciprocal Ledger Accounts

At the end of an accounting period, the balance of the Investment in Branch ledger account
in the accounting records of the home ofce may not agree with the balance of the Home
Ofce account in the accounting records of the branch because certain transactions may
have been recorded by one ofce but not by the other. The situation is comparable to that of
reconciling the ledger account for Cash in Bank with the balance in the monthly bank statement. The lack of agreement between the reciprocal ledger account balances causes no
difculty during an accounting period, but at the end of each period the reciprocal account
balances must be brought into agreement before combined nancial statements are
prepared.
As an illustration of the procedure for reconciling reciprocal ledger account balances at
year-end, assume that the home ofce and branch accounting records of Mercer Company
on December 31, 2005, contain the data on page 140.

I. Accounting for
4. Accounting for
Branches; Combined
The McGrawHill
Companies, 2005
SMALDINO COMPANY
(Periodic Inventory System: Billings above Cost)
Income Statement
Sales
Inventories, Dec. 31, 2005
Purchases
Shipments to Mason Branch
Shipments from home ofce
Operating expenses
Net income (to statement of retained
earnings below)
Totals
(from page 132)
Net (income) (from income statement above)
Dividends declared
Retained earnings, end of year (to balance
sheet below)
Total
Balance Sheet
Cash
Allowance for overvaluation of inventories:
Mason Branch
Equipment
Home ofce
Retained earnings (from statement of
retained earnings above)
Totals
Home Ofce
Mason Branch
Eliminations
Combined
Dr (Cr)
Dr (Cr)
Dr (Cr)
Dr (Cr)
(500,000)
45,000
400,000
(80,000)
(150,000)
22,500
(7,500)
(a) 80,000
(a) (120,000)
(c) 10,000
(70,000)
120,000
120,000
(30,000)
27,500
85,000
-0-
10,000
-0-
(d)
(117,000)
(85,000)
60,000
(10,000)
(d) (37,500)
37,500
(650,000)
60,000
400,000
(90,000)
147,500
132,500
-0-
(117,000)
(132,500)
60,000
189,500
-0-
30,000
64,000
70,000
9,000
28,000
30,000
(47,500)
(c)
(10,000)
(a)
(b)
(e)
40,000
r
7,500
(57,000)
57,000
158,000
(15,000)
(24,500)
(57,000)
-0-
(b) To reduce beginning inventories of branch to cost.

(c) To reduce ending inventories of branch to cost.
(d) To increase income of home ofce by portion of merchandise markup that was realized by branch sales.
39,000
92,000
90,000
158,000
(15,000)
(24,500)
(e)
57,000
(150,000)
(a) To eliminate reciprocal ledger accounts for merchandise shipments.
(e) To eliminate reciprocal ledger account balances.
(b)
(150,000)
-0-
-0-
(189,500)
-0-

140
I. Accounting for
4. Accounting for
Branches; Combined
The McGrawHill
Companies, 2005
Reciprocal Ledger
Accounts before
Adjustments
Investment in Arvin Branch (in accounting records of Home Ofce)

Date
2005
Nov. 30
Dec. 10
27
29
Explanation
Balance
Collection of branch trade accounts
receivable
Merchandise shipped to branch
Debit
Credit
Balance
20,000
62,500 dr
42,500 dr
1,000
8,000
41,500 dr
49,500 dr
Home Ofce (in accounting records of Arvin Branch)

Date
2005
Nov. 30
Dec. 7
28
30
Explanation
Balance
Acquired equipment
Collection of home ofce trade
accounts receivable
Debit
Credit
Balance
62,500 cr
42,500 cr
39,500 cr
20,000
3,000
2,000
41,500 cr
Comparison of the two reciprocal ledger accounts discloses four reconciling items,
described as follows:
1. A debit of $8,000 in the Investment in Arvin Branch ledger account without a related credit in the Home Ofce account.
On December 29, 2005, the home ofce shipped merchandise costing $8,000 to the
branch. The home ofce debits its reciprocal ledger account with the branch on the date
merchandise is shipped, but the branch credits its reciprocal account with the home ofce when the merchandise is received a few days later. The required journal entry on
December 31, 2005, in the branch accounting records, assuming use of the perpetual
inventory system, appears below:
Branch Journal Entry
for Merchandise in
Transit from Home
Ofce
Inventories in Transit
Home Ofce
To record shipment of merchandise in transit from home ofce.
8,000
8,000
In taking a physical inventory on December 31, 2005, the branch personnel must add
to the inventories on hand the $8,000 of merchandise in transit. When the merchandise
is received in 2006, the branch debits Inventories and credits Inventories in Transit.
2. A credit of $1,000 in the Investment in Arvin Branch ledger account without a related debit in the Home Ofce account.
On December 27, 2005, trade accounts receivable of the branch were collected by the
home ofce. The collection was recorded by the home ofce by a debit to Cash and a
credit to Investment in Arvin Branch. No journal entry had been made by Arvin Branch;
therefore, the following journal entry is required in the accounting records of Arvin
Branch on December 31, 2005:
Branch Journal Entry
for Trade Accounting
Receivable Collected
by Home Ofce
Home Ofce
Trade Accounts Receivable
To record collection of accounts receivable by home ofce.
1,000
1,000

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The McGrawHill
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3. A debit of $3,000 in the Home Ofce ledger account without a related credit in the
Investment in Arvin Branch account.
On December 28, 2005, the branch acquired equipment for $3,000. Because the equipment used by the branch is carried in the accounting records of the home ofce, the journal entry made by the branch was a debit to Home Ofce and a credit to Cash. No
journal entry had been made by the home ofce; therefore, the following journal entry
is required on December 31, 2005, in the accounting records of the home ofce:
Home Ofce Journal

Entry for Equipment
Acquired by Branch
Equipment: Arvin Branch

Investment in Arvin Branch
To record equipment acquired by branch.
3,000
3,000
4. A credit of $2,000 in the Home Ofce ledger account without a related debit in the
Investment in Arvin Branch account.
On December 30, 2005, trade accounts receivable of the home ofce were collected
by Arvin Branch. The collection was recorded by Arvin Branch by a debit to Cash and a
credit to Home Ofce. No journal entry had been made by the home ofce; therefore,
the following journal entry is required in the accounting records of the home ofce on
December 31, 2005:
Home Ofce Journal

Entry for Trade
Accounts Receivable
Collected by Branch
Investment in Arvin Branch

Trade Accounts Receivable
To record collection of accounts receivable by Arvin Branch.
2,000
2,000
The effect of the foregoing end-of-period journal entries is to update the reciprocal
ledger accounts, as shown by the following reconciliation:
MERCER COMPANYHOME OFFICE AND ARVIN BRANCH

Reconciliation of Reciprocal Ledger Accounts
December 31, 2005
Balances before adjustments

Add: (1) Merchandise shipped to
branch by home ofce
(4) Home ofce trade accounts
receivable collected by
branch
Less: (2) Branch trade accounts
receivable collected by
home ofce
(3) Equipment acquired by
branch
Adjusted balances
Investment in Arvin
Branch Account
(in home ofce
accounting records)
Home Ofce
Account
(in branch
accounting records)
$49,500 dr
$41,500 cr
8,000
2,000
(1,000)
(3,000)
$48,500 dr
$48,500 cr

142
I. Accounting for
4. Accounting for
Branches; Combined
The McGrawHill
Companies, 2005
Transactions between Branches

Efcient operations may on occasion require that merchandise or other assets be transferred
from one branch to another. Generally, a branch does not carry a reciprocal ledger account
with another branch but records the transfer in the Home Ofce ledger account. For example, if Alba Branch ships merchandise to Boro Branch, Alba Branch debits Home Ofce
and credits Inventories (assuming that the perpetual inventory system is used). On receipt
of the merchandise, Boro Branch debits Inventories and credits Home Ofce. The home ofce records the transfer between branches by a debit to Investment in Boro Branch and a
credit to Investment in Alba Branch.
The transfer of merchandise from one branch to another does not justify increasing the
carrying amount of inventories by the freight costs incurred because of the indirect routing.
The amount of freight costs properly included in inventories at a branch is limited to the
cost of shipping the merchandise directly from the home ofce to its present location. Excess freight costs are recognized as expenses of the home ofce.
To illustrate the accounting for excess freight costs on interbranch transfers of merchandise, assume the following data. The home ofce shipped merchandise costing $6,000
to Dana Branch and paid freight costs of $400. Subsequently, the home ofce instructed
Dana Branch to transfer this merchandise to Evan Branch. Freight costs of $300 were paid
by Dana Branch to carry out this order. If the merchandise had been shipped directly from
the home ofce to Evan Branch, the freight costs would have been $500. The journal entries required in the three sets of accounting records (assuming that the perpetual inventory
system is used) are as follows:
In Accounting Records of Home Ofce:

Investment in Dana Branch
Inventories
Cash
To record shipment of merchandise and payment of freight costs.
6,400
Investment in Evan Branch

Excess Freight ExpenseInterbranch Transfers
Investment in Dana Branch
To record transfer of merchandise from Dana Branch to Evan Branch under
instruction of home ofce. Interbranch freight of $300 paid by Dana
Branch caused total freight costs on this merchandise to exceed direct
shipment costs by $200 ($400 $300 $500 $200).
6,500
200
6,000
400
6,700
In Accounting Records of Dana Branch:

Freight In (or Inventories)
Inventories
Home Ofce
To record receipt of merchandise from home ofce with freight costs paid
in advance by home ofce.
400
6,000
6,400

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Home Ofce
Inventories
Cash
To record transfer of merchandise to Evan Branch under instruction of home
ofce and payment of freight costs of $300.
6,700
6,000
400
300
In Accounting Records of Evan Branch:

Inventories
Home Ofce
To record receipt of merchandise from Dana Branch transferred under
instruction of home ofce and normal freight costs billed by home ofce.
6,000
500
6,500
Recognizing excess freight costs on merchandise transferred from one branch to another
as expenses of the home ofce is an example of the accounting principle that expenses and
losses should be given prompt recognition. The excess freight costs from such shipments
generally result from inefcient planning of original shipments and should not be included
in inventories.
In recognizing excess freight costs of interbranch transfers as expenses attributable to
the home ofce, the assumption was that the home ofce makes the decisions directing all
shipments. If branch managers are given authority to order transfers of merchandise between branches, the excess freight costs are recognized as expenses attributable to the
branches whose managers authorized the transfers.
SEC ENFORCEMENT ACTION DEALING WITH

WRONGFUL APPLICATION OF ACCOUNTING
STANDARDS FOR DIVISIONS
The SECs AAER 35, Securities and Exchange Commission v. Stauffer Chemical Company (August 13, 1984), describes a federal courts entry of a permanent injunction
against a corporation engaged in the manufacture and sale of chemicals and chemicalrelated products. The SEC found that the corporation had overstated its earnings by means
of three major misstatements, one of which was the failure to eliminate $1.1 million of intracompany prots in inventories shipped from one of the corporations divisions to another
division. The court also ordered the corporation to le timely with the SEC a Form 8-K,
Current Report, describing its restatement of its previously reported revenue and earnings
for the effects of the three major misstatements.
Review
Questions
1. Some branches maintain complete accounting records and prepare nancial statements much the same as an autonomous business enterprise. Other branches perform
only limited accounting functions, with most accounting activity concentrated in the
home ofce. Assuming that a branch has a complete set of accounting records, what
criterion or principle would you suggest be used in deciding whether various types of

144
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4. Accounting for
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The McGrawHill
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
expenses applicable to the branch should be recognized by the home ofce or by the
branch?
Explain the use of reciprocal ledger accounts in home ofce and branch accounting
systems in conjunction with the periodic inventory system.
The president of Sandra Company informs you that a branch is being opened and
requests your advice: I have been told that we may bill merchandise shipped to the
branch at cost, at branch retail selling prices, or anywhere in between. Do certied public accountants really have that much latitude in the application of generally accepted
accounting principles?
Jesse Corporation operates 10 branches in addition to its home ofce and bills merchandise shipped by the home ofce to the branches at 10% above home ofce cost. All
plant assets are carried in the home ofce accounting records. The home ofce also conducts an advertising program that benets all branches. Each branch maintains its own
accounting records and prepares separate nancial statements. In the home ofce, the
accounting department prepares nancial statements for the home ofce and combined
nancial statements for the enterprise as a whole.
Explain the purpose of the nancial statements prepared by the branches, the home
ofce nancial statements, and the combined nancial statements.
The accounting policies of Armenia Company provide that equipment used by its
branches is to be carried in the accounting records of the home ofce. Acquisitions of
new equipment may be made either by the home ofce or by the branches with the approval of the home ofce. Slauson Branch, with the approval of the home ofce, acquired equipment at a cost of $17,000. Describe the journal entries for the Slauson
Branch and the home ofce to record the acquisition of the equipment.
Explain the use of and journal entries for a home ofces Allowance for Overvaluation
of Inventories: Branch ledger account.
The reciprocal ledger account balances of Meadow Companys branch and home ofce
are not in agreement at year-end. What factors might have caused this?
Ralph Company operates a number of branches but centralizes its accounting records in
the home ofce and maintains control of branch operations. The home ofce found that
Ford Branch had an ample supply of a certain item of merchandise but that Gates
Branch was almost out of the item. Therefore, the home ofce instructed Ford Branch to
ship merchandise with a cost of $5,000 to Gates Branch. What journal entry should Ford
Branch make, and what principle should guide the treatment of freight costs? (Assume
that Ford Branch uses the perpetual inventory system.)
Exercises
(Exercise 4.1)
Select the best answer for each of the following multiple-choice questions:
1. May the Investment in Branch ledger account of a home ofce be accounted for by the:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Cost Method of
Accounting?
Equity Method of
Accounting?
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No

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2. Which of the following generally is not a method of billing merchandise shipments by

a home ofce to a branch?
a. Billing at cost.
b. Billing at a percentage below cost.
c. Billing at a percentage above cost.
d. Billing at retail selling prices.
3. A branch journal entry debiting Home Ofce and crediting Cash may be prepared for:
a. The branchs transmittal of cash to the home ofce only.
b. The branchs acquisition for cash of plant assets to be carried in the home ofce accounting records only.
c. Either a or b.
d. Neither a nor b.
4. A home ofces Allowance for Overvaluation of Inventories: Branch ledger account,
which has a credit balance, is:
a. An asset valuation account.
b. A liability account.
c. An equity account.
d. A revenue account.
5. Does a branch use a Shipments from Home Ofce ledger account under the:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Perpetual Inventory
System?
Periodic Inventory
System?
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
6. A journal entry debiting Cash in Transit and crediting Investment in Branch is required for:
a. The home ofce to record the mailing of a check to the branch early in the accounting period.
b. The branch to record the mailing of a check to the home ofce early in the accounting period.
c. The home ofce to record the mailing of a check by the branch on the last day of the
accounting period.
d. The branch to record the mailing of a check to the home ofce on the last day of the
accounting period.
7. For a home ofce that uses the periodic inventory system of accounting for shipments
of merchandise to the branch, the credit balance of the Shipments to Branch ledger account is displayed in the home ofces separate:
a. Income statement as an offset to Purchases.
b. Balance sheet as an offset to Investment in Branch.
c. Balance sheet as an offset to Inventories.
d. Income statement as revenue.
8. If the home ofce maintains accounts in its general ledger for a branchs plant assets,
the branch debits its acquisition of ofce equipment to:
a. Home Ofce.
b. Ofce Equipment.
c. Payable to Home Ofce.
d. Ofce Equipment Carried by Home Ofce.

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9. In a working paper for combined nancial statements of the home ofce and the
branch of a business enterprise, an elimination that debits Shipments to Branch and
credits Shipments from Home Ofce is required under:
a. The periodic inventory system only.
b. The perpetual inventory system only.
c. Both the periodic inventory system and the perpetual inventory system.
d. Neither the periodic inventory system nor the perpetual inventory system.
10. The appropriate journal entry (explanation omitted) for the home ofce to recognize
the branchs expenditure of $1,000 for equipment to be carried in the home ofce accounting records is:
a. Equipment
Investment in Branch
b. Home Ofce
Equipment
c. Investment in Branch
Cash
d. Equipment: Branch
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
11. On January 31, 2005, East Branch of Lyle Company, which uses the perpetual inventory system, prepared the following journal entry:
Inventories in Transit
Home Ofce
To record shipment of merchandise in transit from home ofce.
10,000
10,000
When the merchandise is received on February 4, 2005, East Branch should:

a.
b.
c.
d.
Prepare no journal entry.

Debit Inventories and credit Home Ofce, $10,000.
Debit Home Ofce and credit Inventories in Transit, $10,000.
Debit Inventories and credit Inventories in Transit, $10,000.
12. If a home ofce bills merchandise shipments to the branch at a markup of 20% on cost,
the markup on billed price is:
a. 1623%
b. 20%
c. 25%
d. Some other percentage
13. The appropriate journal entry (explanation omitted) in the accounting records of the
home ofce to record a $10,000 cash remittance in transit from the branch at the end
of an accounting period is:
a. Cash
Cash in Transit
b. Cash in Transit
c. Cash
Home Ofce
d. Cash in Transit
Cash
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000
10,000

I. Accounting for
4. Accounting for
Branches; Combined
The McGrawHill
Companies, 2005
(Exercise 4.2)
On September 1, 2005, Pasadena Company established a branch in San Marino. Following

are the rst three transactions between the home ofce and San Marino branch of Pasadena
Company:
Sept. 1 Home ofce sent $10,000 to the branch for an imprest bank account.
2 Home ofce shipped merchandise costing $60,000 to the branch, billed at a
markup of 20% on billed price.
3 Branch acquired ofce equipment for $3,000, to be carried in the home ofce
accounting records.
Both the home ofce and the San Marino branch of Pasadena Company use the perpetual
inventory system.
Prepare journal entries (omit explanations) for the foregoing transactions:
a. In the accounting records of the home ofce.
b. In the accounting records of the San Marino branch.
(Exercise 4.3)
On September 1, 2005, Western Company established the Eastern Branch. Separate accounting records were set up for the branch. Both the home ofce and the Eastern
Branch use the periodic inventory system. Among the intracompany transactions were the
following:
Sept. 1 Home ofce mailed a check for $50,000 to the branch. The check was received
by the branch on September 3.
4 Home ofce shipped merchandise costing $95,000 to the branch at a billed
price of $125,000. The branch received the merchandise on September 8.
11 The branch acquired a truck for $34,200. The home ofce maintains the plant
assets of the branch in its accounting records.
Prepare journal entries (omit explanations) for the foregoing intracompany transactions
in the accounting records of (a) the home ofce and (b) the Eastern Branch.
(Exercise 4.4)
Among the journal entries of the home ofce of Watt Corporation for the month of January
2005, were the following:
2005
Jan. 2 Investment in Wilshire Branch
Inventories
Allowance for Overvaluation of Inventories: Wilshire Branch
To record merchandise shipped to branch.
100,000
80,000
20,000
18 Equipment: Wilshire Branch

Investment in Wilshire Branch
To record acquisition of equipment by branch for cash.
5,000
31 Investment in Wilshire Branch

Operating Expenses
To record allocation of operating expenses to branch.
8,000
5,000
8,000
Prepare related journal entries for the Whilshire Branch of Watt Corporation: the branch
uses the perpetual inventory system.

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Companies, 2005
(Exercise 4.5)
Among the journal entries for business transactions and events of the Hoover Street Branch
of Usc Company during January 2005, were the following:
CHECK FIGURE
Jan 10, Credit
allowance for
overvaluation of
inventories, $12,000.
2005
Jan. 12 Inventories
Home Ofce
To record the receipt of merchandise shipped Jan. 10 from the
home ofce and billed at a markup of 20% on billed price.
60,000
60,000
25 Cash
Home Ofce
To record collection of trade accounts receivable of home ofce.
25,000
31 Operating Expenses
Home Ofce
To record operating expenses allocated by home ofce.
18,000
25,000
18,000
Prepare appropriate journal entries for the home ofce of Usc Company.
(Exercise 4.6)
Among the journal entries of the home ofce of Turbo Company for the month ended
August 31, 2005, were the following:
2005
Aug. 6
14
22
Investment in Lido Branch

Cash
To record payment of account payable of branch.
10,000
10,000
Cash
To record collection of trade account receivable of branch.
6,000
Equipment: Lido Branch

To record branch acquisition of equipment for cash, to be
carried in home ofce accounting records.
20,000
6,000
20,000
Prepare appropriate journal entries (omit explanations) for Lido Branch of Turbo
Company.
(Exercise 4.7)
Prepare journal entries in the accounting records of both the home ofce and the Exeter
Branch of Wardell Company to record each of the following transactions or events (omit
explanations):
a. Home ofce transferred cash of $5,000 and merchandise (at home ofce cost) of $10,000
to the branch. Both the home ofce and the branch use the perpetual inventory system.
b. Home ofce allocated operating expenses of $1,500 to the branch.
c. Exeter Branch informed the home ofce that it had collected $416 on a note payable to
the home ofce. Principal amount of the note was $400.
d. Exeter Branch made sales of $12,500, terms 2/10, n /30, and incurred operating expenses of $2,500. The cost of goods sold was $8,000, and the operating expenses were
paid in cash.
e. Exeter Branch had a net income of $500. (Debit Income Summary in the accounting
records of the branch.)

I. Accounting for
4. Accounting for
Branches; Combined
The McGrawHill
Companies, 2005
(Exercise 4.8)
Leland Company has a policy of accounting for all plant assets of its branches in the
accounting records of the home ofce. Contrary to this policy, the accountant for Davis
Branch prepared the following journal entries for the equipment acquired by Davis Branch
at the direction of the home ofce:
2005
Aug. 1 Equipment
Cash
To record acquisition of equipment with an economic life of 10
years and a residual value of $2,000
20,000
20,000
Dec. 31 Depreciation Expense

Accumulated Depreciation of Equipment
To recognize depreciation of equipment by the straight-line
method ($18,000 5120 $750).
750
750
Prepare appropriate journal entries for Davis Branch and the home ofce on December 31,
2005, the end of the scal year, assuming that the home ofce had prepared no journal
entries for the equipment acquired by the Davis Branch on August 1, 2005. Neither set of
accounting records has been closed.
(Exercise 4.9)
CHECK FIGURE
Markup in cost of
goods sold, $104,000.
(Exercise 4.10)
CHECK FIGURE
Apr. 30 balance,
$20,000 credit.
The home ofce of Figueroa Company ships merchandise to the Nine-Zero Branch at a
billed price that includes a markup on home ofce cost of 25%. The Inventories ledger account of the branch, under the perpetual inventory system, showed a December 31, 2004,
debit balance, $120,000; a debit for a shipment received January 16, 2005, $500,000; total
credits for goods sold during January 2005, $520,000; and a January 31, 2005, debit balance, $100,000 (all amounts are home ofce billed prices).
Prepare a working paper for the home ofce of Figueroa Company to analyze the ow
of merchandise to Nine-Zero Branch during January 2005.
The ow of merchandise from the home ofce of Southern Cal Company to its 32 Branch
during the month of April 2005, may be analyzed as follows:
SOUTHERN CAL COMPANY
Flow of Merchandise for 32 Branch
For Month Ended April 30, 2005
Beginning inventories
Add: Shipment from home ofce (Apr. 16)
Available for sale
Cost of goods sold
Billed Price
Cost
Markup
$180,000
540,000
$720,000
120,000
$600,000
$150,000
450,000
$600,000
100,000
$500,000
$ 30,000
90,000
$120,000
20,000
$100,000
From the foregoing information, reconstruct a three-column ledger account Allowance

for Overvaluation of Inventories: 32 Branch for the home ofce of Southern Cal Company,
beginning with the March 31, 2005, balance, $30,000 credit.
(Exercise 4.11)
On May 31, 2005, Portland Street Branch (the only branch) of Trapp Company reported a
net income of $80,000 for May 2005, and a $240,000 ending inventory at billed price of
merchandise received from the home ofce at a 25% markup on billed price. Prior to

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adjustment, the May 31, 2005, balance of the home ofces Allowance for Overvaluation of
Inventories: Portland Street Branch was $200,000 credit.
Prepare journal entries (omit explanations) on May 31, 2005, for the home ofce of
Trapp Company to reect the foregoing facts.
(Exercise 4.12)
CHECK FIGURE
b. Debit allowance for
overvaluation of
inventories, $46,000.
Tillman Textile Company has a single branch in Toledo. On March 1, 2005, the home ofce accounting records included an Allowance for Overvaluation of Inventories: Toledo
Branch ledger account with a credit balance of $32,000. During March, merchandise costing $36,000 was shipped to the Toledo Branch and billed at a price representing a 40%
markup on the billed price. On March 31, 2005, the branch prepared an income statement
indicating a net loss of $11,500 for March and ending inventories at billed prices of
$25,000.
a. Prepare a working paper to compute the home ofce cost of the branch inventories on
March 1, 2005, assuming a uniform markup on all shipments to the branch.
b. Prepare a journal entry to adjust the Allowance for Overvaluation of Inventories:
Toledo Branch ledger account on March 31, 2005, in the accounting records of the
home ofce.
(Exercise 4.13)
CHECK FIGURE
Sept. 30, credit
realized gross prot,
$120,000.
The home ofce of Glendale Company, which uses the perpetual inventory system, bills
shipments of merchandise to the Montrose Branch at a markup of 25% on the billed
price. On August 31, 2005, the credit balance of the home ofces Allowance for Overvaluation of Inventories: Montrose Branch ledger account was $60,000. On September 17, 2005, the home ofce shipped merchandise to the branch at a billed price of
$400,000. The branch reported an ending inventory, at billed price, of $160,000 on September 30, 2005.
Prepare journal entries involving the Allowance for Overvaluation of Inventories:
Montrose Branch ledger account of the home ofce of Glendale Company on September 17
and 30, 2005. Show supporting computations in the explanations for the entries.
(Exercise 4.14)
On January 31, 2005, the unadjusted credit balance of the Allowance for Overvaluation of
Inventories: Vermont Avenue Branch of the home ofce of Searl Company was $80,000.
The branch reported a net income of $60,000 for January 2005 and an ending inventory on
January 31, 2005, of $81,000, at billed prices that included a markup of 50% on home ofce cost.
Prepare journal entries (omit explanations) for the home ofce of Searl Company on
January 31, 2005, for the foregoing facts.
(Exercise 4.15)
The home ofce of Gomez Company bills its only branch at a markup of 25% above home
ofce cost for all merchandise shipped to that Perez Branch. Both the home ofce and the
branch use the periodic inventory system. During 2005, the home ofce shipped merchandise to the branch at a billed price of $30,000. Perez Branch inventories for 2005 were as
follows:
CHECK FIGURE
Credit realized gross
prot, $5,100.
Purchased from home ofce (at billed price)

Purchased from outsiders
Jan. 1
Dec. 31
15,000
6,800
19,500
8,670
Prepare journal entries (including adjusting entry) for the home ofce of Gomez Company for 2005 to reect the foregoing information.
(Exercise 4.16)
Samore, Inc., bills its only branch for merchandise shipments at a markup of 30% above
home ofce cost. The branch sells the merchandise at a markup of 10% above billed price.

I. Accounting for
4. Accounting for
Branches; Combined
The McGrawHill
Companies, 2005
Shortly after the close of business on January 28, 2005, some of the branch merchandise
was destroyed by re. The following additional information is available:
CHECK FIGURE
b. Debit loss from re,
$36,400.
Inventories, Jan. 1 (at billed prices from home ofce)

Inventories, Jan. 28, of merchandise not destroyed (at selling prices)
Shipments from home ofce from Jan. 1 to Jan. 28 (at billed prices)
Sales from Jan. 1 to Jan. 28
Sales returns from Jan. 1 to Jan. 28 (merchandise actually returned)
Sales allowances from Jan. 1 to Jan. 28 (price adjustments)
$15,600
7,150
71,500
51,840
3,220
300
a. Prepare a working paper to compute the estimated cost (to the home ofce) of the merchandise destroyed by re at the branch of Samore, Inc., on January 28, 2005.
b. Prepare a journal entry for the branch to recognize the uninsured re loss on January 28,
2005. Both the home ofce and the branch use the perpetual inventory system.
(Exercise 4.17)
On May 31, 2005, the unadjusted balances of the Investment in Troy Branch ledger account
of the home ofce of Argos Company and the Home Ofce account of the Troy Branch of
Argos Company were $380,000 debit and $140,000 credit, respectively.
Additional Information
1. On May 31, 2005, the home ofce had shipped merchandise to the branch at a billed
price of $280,000; the branch did not receive the shipment until June 3, 2005. Both the
home ofce and the branch use the perpetual inventory system.
2. On May 31, 2005, the branch had sent a $10,000 dividend to the home ofce, which
did not receive the check until June 2, 2005.
3. On May 31, 2005, the home ofce had prepared the following journal entry, without notifying the branch:
Cash
Investment in Troy Branch
To record collection of a trade account receivable of branch.
50,000
50,000
Prepare journal entries (omit explanations) on May 31, 2005, for (a) the home ofce and
(b) the Troy Branch of Argos Company to reconcile the reciprocal ledger accounts.
Cases
(Case 4.1)
The management of Longo Company, which has a June 30 scal year and sells merchandise at its home ofce and six branches, is considering closing Santee Branch because of
its declining sales volume and excessive operating expenses. Longos contract with Lewis
Hanson, manager of Santee Branch, provides that Hanson is to receive a termination bonus
of 15% of the branchs net income in its nal period of operations, but no bonus in the event
of a net loss in the nal period. The contract is silent as to the measurement of the branchs
net income or loss.
For the period July 1 through October 31, 2005, the date Santee Branch ceased operations, its income statement prepared in the customary fashion by the branch accountant reported a net loss of $10,000. Hanson pointed out to Longo management that the loss was
net of $30,000 advertising expenses that had been apportioned to the branch by Longos

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home ofce in September 2005, prior to Longo managements decision to close the branch
on October 31. Hanson alleged that it was inappropriate for the branch to absorb advertising costs for a period in which it would no longer be making sales presumably initiated in
part by the advertising. The controller of Longo responded that under the same line of reasoning, the branchs October 31, 2005, inventories, which included a $60,000 markup over
home ofce cost, should be reduced by that amount, with a corresponding increase in the
branchs net loss, because the home ofce would never realize the markup through future
sales by Santee Branch.
Instructions
Do you agree with the Santee Branch manager, with the controller of Longo Company,
with both, or with neither? Explain.
(Case 4.2)
Fortunato Company, which had operated successfully in a single location for many years,
opened a branch operation in another city. The products sold by Fortunato in its home ofce required federal and state regulatory agency approval; the home ofce had secured
such approval long ago. However, new approval of those agencies was required before
Fortunato was authorized to produce and sell the same products at the new branch.
After the branch had been established and had begun testing its manufacturing equipment
and considering development of possible new products other than those manufactured by the
home ofce, management of Fortunato met to discuss accounting for operating costs of the
new branch prior to its authorization to manufacture and sell products. Controller Robert
Engle pointed out that when the home ofce had been established, it was a development stage
enterprise prior to obtaining approval for production and sale of its products, with specialized
nancial statements display requirements provided by FASB Statement No. 7, Accounting
and Reporting by Development Stage Enterprises. Engle added that Fortunato, as currently
an operating enterprise, was not authorized to use such specialized requirements for the new
branch. The vice president for legal affairs, Nancy Kubota, stated that the current regulatory
agency environment was much stricter than it had been when Fortunatos home ofce obtained authorization for its production and sales, and that a several-month waiting period
might be anticipated before approval of the branchs operations. Pending such approval, the
branch could not legally even manufacture products for stockpiling in inventories.
Chief executive ofcer Michael Kantor expressed dismay at the prospect described by
Kubota, stating that a long period of marking time at the branch, with no revenue available to cover operating costs, would generate substantial losses for Fortunato as a whole unless the costs could be deferred as start-up costs. Financial vice president Mary Sage asked
Engle if there were any published nancial accounting standards for start-up costs. Engle
replied in the afrmative, pointing out that in 1998 the AICPAs Accounting Standards Executive Committee had issued Statement of Position 98-5, Reporting on the Costs of
Start-Up Activities, which mandated expensing of start-up costs. Sage then asked Engle if
the marking time costs incurred by the branch prior to regulatory agency approval might
be accounted for as deferred charges or intangible assets. Engle stated that he would answer
that question after consulting accepted accounting denitions of assets, intangible assets,
contingent assets, expenses, and losses.
Instructions
How should Robert Engle answer Mary Sages question? Explain, after researching the
foregoing denitions.
(Case 4.3)
Kevin Carter, CPA, a member of the IMA, the FEI, and the AICPA (see Chapter 1), is the
newly hired controller of Oilers, Inc., a closely held manufacturer of replacement parts
for oil well drilling equipment. Oilers distributes its products through its home ofce and

I. Accounting for
4. Accounting for
Branches; Combined
The McGrawHill
Companies, 2005
14 branches located near oil elds in several southwestern states. Shortly after being employed, Carter learned that the reciprocal ledger accounts at Oilerss home ofce and 14
branches were out of balance by substantial amounts and that no member of the home
ofce accounting department could remember whenif everthe reciprocal ledger
accounts had been in balance. In response to Carters astonished inquiries, the home ofce
chief accountant stated that:
1. Oilers, Inc., had never been audited by independent CPAs, and it had no internal audit
staff.
2. Management of Oilers, in reviewing nancial statements of the 14 branches, concentrated on branch income statements and was unconcerned about the out-of-balance status of the branches Home Ofce ledger accounts.
3. To facilitate elimination of the reciprocal ledger account balances in the working paper
for combined nancial statements of the home ofce and 14 branches of Oilers, the
chief accountant debited Miscellaneous Expense or credited Miscellaneous Revenue for
the aggregate amount of the unlocated differences. These plug amounts were reported
in the federal and state income tax returns led by Oilers.
Instructions
What is your advice to Kevin Carter? Should he permit the practice described above to continue? If not, should he request management of Oilers to contract for an independent audit?
Alternatively, should he authorize the accountant at each of the 14 branches to adjust the
branchs Home Ofce ledger account balance to agree with the home ofces reciprocal Investment in Branch account balance, with the unlocated difference debited to Miscellaneous Expense or credited to Miscellaneous Revenue, as appropriate? Should some other
course of action be taken? Explain.
(Case 4.4)
The management of Windsor Company, which has several branches as well as a home ofce, is planning to sell the net assets of Southwark Branch to an unrelated business enterprise. As controller of Windsor, you are asked by the board of directors if you can prepare
separate nancial statements for Southwark Branch for the prospective purchaser. Among
the directors questions are the following:
1. What specic nancial statements are appropriate, and what are their titles?
2. Would there be an equity section in a balance sheet for the branch?
3. How should unrealized intracompany markup above home ofce cost in the branchs
ending inventories be treated in the branchs separate nancial statements?
Before attempting to answer the directors questions, you consult the following sources:
AICPA Professional Standards, vol. 2, Accounting & Review Services, etc.:
AR100.04, ET 92.04.
Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 1, Objectives of Financial
Reporting by Business Enterprises, par. 6.
Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 6, Elements of Financial
Statements, par. 24.
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 57, Related Party Disclosures,
par. 2.
Instructions
After consulting the foregoing sources, prepare a memorandum to the board of directors of
Windsor Company in answer to their questions.

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(Case 4.5)
Langley, Inc., operates a number of branches as well as a home ofce. Each branch stocks
a complete line of merchandise obtained almost entirely from the home ofce. The
branches also handle their billing, approve customer credit, and make cash collections.
Each branch has its own bank account, and each maintains accounting records. However,
all plant assets at the branches are carried in the accounting records of the home ofce and
are depreciated in those records by the straight-line method at 10% a year, with no residual
value.
On July 1, 2005, the manager of Lola Branch acquired ofce equipment. The equipment
had a cash price of $2,400 but was acquired on the installment plan with no down payment
and 24 monthly payments of $110 beginning August 1, 2005. No journal entry was made
for this transaction by the branch until August 1, when the rst monthly payment was
recorded by a debit to Miscellaneous Expense. The same journal entry was made in each of
the four remaining months of 2005.
On December 2, 2005, the branch manager became aware that equipment could be acquired by the branches only with prior approval by the home ofce. Regardless of whether
the home ofce or the branches acquired plant assets, such assets were to be carried in the
accounting records of the home ofce, but any gain or loss on the disposal of equipment
was to be recognized in the accounting records of the branches. To avoid criticism, the
manager of the Lola Branch immediately disposed of the ofce equipment acquired July 1
by sale for $1,500 cash to an independent store. The manager then paid the balance due on
the installment contract using a personal check and the $1,500 check received from sale of
the equipment. In consideration of the advance payment of the remaining installments on
December 3, 2005, the equipment dealer agreed to a $150 reduction in the $240 interest
portion of the contract. No journal entry was prepared for the sale of the equipment or the
settlement of the liability.
Assume that you are a CPA engaged to audit the nancial statements of Langley, Inc.
During your visit to Lola Branch you analyze the Miscellaneous Expense ledger account
and investigate the ve monthly debits of $110. This investigation discloses the acquisition
and subsequent disposal of the ofce equipment. After some hesitation, the branch manager
gives you a full explanation of the events.
Instructions
a. Describe (do not prepare) the journal entries that should have been made by Lola Branch
for the foregoing transactions and events.
b. Describe (do not prepare) the journal entries that should have been made by the home
ofce of Langley, Inc., for the foregoing transactions and events.
c. Prepare a single journal entry for Lola Branch on December 31, 2005, to correct its accounting records.
d. Prepare a single journal entry for the home ofce of Langley, Inc., on December 31,
2005, to correct its accounting records.
Problems
(Problem 4.1)
Hartman, Inc., established Reno Branch on January 2, 2005. During 2005, Hartmans home
ofce shipped merchandise to Reno Branch that cost $300,000. Billings were made at
prices marked up 20% above home ofce cost. Freight costs of $15,000 were paid by the
home ofce. Sales by the branch were $450,000, and branch operating expenses were
$96,000, all for cash. On December 31, 2005, the branch took a physical inventory that

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4. Accounting for
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The McGrawHill
Companies, 2005
showed merchandise on hand of $72,000 at billed prices. Both the home ofce and the
branch use the periodic inventory system.
Instructions
Prepare journal entries for Reno Branch and the home ofce of Hartman, Inc., to record the
foregoing transactions and events, ending inventories, and adjusting and closing entries on
December 31, 2005. (Allocate a proportional amount of freight costs to the ending inventories of the branch.)
(Problem 4.2)
Included in the accounting records of the home ofce and Wade Branch, respectively, of
Lobo Company were the following ledger accounts for the month of January 2005:
CHECK FIGURE
Adjusted balances
$42,600.
Investment in Wade Branch (in Home Ofce accounting records)

Date
2005
Jan. 1
9
21
27
31
31
Explanation
Balance
Shipment of merchandise
Receipt of cash
Collection of branch trade accounts
receivable
Shipment of merchandise
Payment of branch trade accounts
payable
Debit
Credit
Balance
1,600
39,200 dr
43,200 dr
41,600 dr
4,000
6,000
1,100
40,500 dr
46,500 dr
2,000
48,500 dr
Home Ofce (in Wade Branch accounting records)

Date
2005
Jan. 1
10
19
28
30
31
Explanation
Balance
Receipt of merchandise
Remittance of cash
Acquisition of furniture
Return of merchandise
Remittance of cash
Debit
Credit
4,000
1,600
1,200
2,200
2,500
Balance
39,200 cr
43,200 cr
41,600 cr
40,400 cr
38,200 cr
35,700 cr
Instructions
a. Prepare a working paper to reconcile the reciprocal ledger accounts of Lobo Companys
home ofce and Wade Branch to the corrected balances on January 31, 2005.
b. Prepare journal entries on January 31, 2005, for the (1) home ofce and (2) Wade
Branch of Lobo Company to bring the accounting records up to date. Both the home
ofce and the branch use the perpetual inventory system.
(Problem 4.3)
CHECK FIGURES
a. Debit loss from re,
$19,800; b. Debit loss
from re, $16,500.
The home ofce of Styler Corporation operates a branch to which it bills merchandise at
prices marked up 20% above home ofce cost. The branch obtains merchandise only from
the home ofce and sells it at prices averaging markups 10% above the prices billed by the
home ofce. Both the home ofce and the branch maintain perpetual inventory records and
both close their accounting records on December 31.
On March 10, 2005, a re at the branch destroyed a part of the inventories. Immediately after the re, a physical inventory of merchandise on hand and not damaged
amounted to $16,500 at branch retail selling prices. On January 1, 2005, the inventories
of the branch at billed prices had been $18,000. Shipments from the home ofce during

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the period January 1 to March 10, 2005, were billed to the branch in the amount of
$57,600. The accounting records of the branch show that net sales during this period
were $44,880.
Instructions
Prepare journal entries on March 10, 2005, to record the uninsured loss from re in the
accounting records of (a) the branch and (b) the home ofce of Styler Company. Show supporting computations for all amounts. Assume that the loss was reported at billed prices by
the branch to the home ofce and that it was recorded in the intracompany reciprocal ledger
accounts.
(Problem 4.4)
CHECK FIGURES
a. Unadjusted balance,
$49,680; d. Adjusted
balances, $57,480.
On December 31, 2005, the Investment in Ryble Branch ledger account in the accounting
records of the home ofce of Yugo Company shows a debit balance of $55,500. You ascertain the following facts in analyzing this account:
1. On December 31, 2005, merchandise billed at $5,800 was in transit from the home
ofce to the branch. The periodic inventory system is used by both the home ofce and
the branch.
2. The branch had collected a home ofce trade account receivable of $560 on December 30,
2005; the home ofce was not notied.
3. On December 29, 2005, the home ofce had mailed a check for $2,000 to the branch,
but the accountant for the home ofce had recorded the check as a debit to the Charitable Contributions ledger account; the branch had not received the check as of December 31, 2005.
4. Branch net income for December 2005 was recorded erroneously by the home ofce at
$840 instead of $480 on December 31, 2005. The credit was recorded by the home ofce
in the Income: Ryble Branch ledger account.
5. On December 28, 2005, the branch had returned supplies costing $220 to the
home office; the home office had not recorded the receipt of the supplies. The
home office records acquisitions of supplies in the Inventory of Supplies ledger
account.
Instructions
a. Assuming that all other transactions and events have been recorded properly, prepare
a working paper to compute the unadjusted balance of the Home Office ledger
account in the accounting records of Yugo Companys Ryble Branch on December
31, 2005.
b. Prepare journal entries for the home ofce of Yugo Company on December 31, 2005, to
bring its accounting records up to date. Closing entries have not been made.
c. Prepare journal entries for Ryble Branch of Yugo Company on December 31, 2005, to
bring its accounting records up to date.
d. Prepare a reconciliation on December 31, 2005, of the Investment in Ryble branch
ledger account in the accounting records of the home ofce and the Home Ofce account in the accounting records of Ryble Branch of Yugo Company. Use a single column for each account and start with the unadjusted balances.
(Problem 4.5)
Trudie Companys home ofce bills shipments of merchandise to its Savoy Branch at 140%
of home ofce cost. During the rst year after the branch was opened, the following were
among the transactions and events completed:
1. The home ofce shipped merchandise with a home ofce cost of $110,000 to Savoy
Branch.

I. Accounting for
4. Accounting for
Branches; Combined
The McGrawHill
Companies, 2005
2. Savoy Branch sold for $80,000 cash merchandise that was billed by the home ofce at
$70,000, and incurred operating expenses of $16,500 (all paid in cash).
3. The physical inventories taken by Savoy Branch at the end of the rst year were $82,460
at billed prices from the home ofce.
Instructions
a. Assuming that the perpetual inventory system is used both by the home ofce and by
Savoy Branch, prepare for the rst year:
(1) All journal entries, including closing entries, in the accounting records of Savoy
Branch of Trudie Company.
(2) All journal entries, including the adjustment of the Inventories Overvaluation
account, in the accounting records of the home ofce of Trudie Company.
b. Assuming that the periodic inventory system is used both by the home ofce and by
Savoy Branch, prepare for the rst year:
(1) All journal entries, including closing entries, in the accounting records of Savoy
Branch of Trudie Company.
(2) All journal entries, including the adjustment of the Inventories Overvaluation account, in the accounting records of the home ofce of Trudie Company.
(Problem 4.6)
You are making an audit for the year ended December 31, 2005, of the nancial statements
of Kosti-Marian Company, which carries on merchandising operations at both a home
ofce and a branch. The unadjusted trial balances of the home ofce and the branch are
shown below:
CHECK FIGURE
KOSTI-MARIAN COMPANY
c. Combined net
income, $63,120.
Unadjusted Trial Balances

December 31, 2005
Cash
Inventories, Jan. 1, 2005
Investment in branch
Allowance for overvaluation of branch inventories,
Jan. 1, 2002
Other assets (net)
Current liabilities
Common stock, $2.50 par
Retained earnings, Jan. 1, 2005
Dividends declared
Home ofce
Sales
Purchases
Shipments to branch
Freight-in from home ofce
Operating expenses
Totals
Home Ofce
Dr (Cr)
Branch
Dr (Cr)
$ 22,000
23,000
60,000
$ 10,175
11,550
(1,000)
197,000
(35,000)
(200,000)
(34,000)
15,000
(169,000)
190,000
(110,000)
48,450
(8,500)
(51,000)
(144,700)
104,500
5,225
24,300
42,000
$
-0-
-0-

158
I. Accounting for
4. Accounting for
Branches; Combined
The McGrawHill
Companies, 2005
The audit for the year ended December 31, 2005, disclosed the following:
1. The branch deposits all cash receipts in a local bank for the account of the home ofce.
The audit working papers for the cash cutoff include the following:
Amount
Date Deposited
by Branch
Date Recorded
by Home Ofce
$1,050
1,100
600
300
Dec. 27, 2005

Dec. 30, 2005
Dec. 31, 2005
Jan. 2, 2006
Dec. 31, 2005

Not recorded
Not recorded
Not recorded
2. The branch pays operating expenses incurred locally from an imprest cash account that
is maintained with a balance of $2,000. Checks are drawn once a week on the imprest
cash account, and the home ofce is notied of the amount needed to replenish the account. On December 31, 2005, a $1,800 reimbursement check was in transit from the
home ofce to the branch.
3. The branch received all its merchandise from the home ofce. The home ofce bills the
merchandise shipments at a markup of 10% above home ofce cost. On December 31,
2005, a shipment with a billed price of $5,500 was in transit to the branch. Freight costs
of common carriers typically are 5% of billed price. Freight costs are considered to
be inventoriable costs. Both the home ofce and the branch use the periodic inventory
system.
4. Beginning inventories in the trial balance are shown at the respective costs to the
home ofce and to the branch. The physical inventories on December 31, 2005, were as
follows:
Home ofce, at cost

Branch, at billed price (excluding shipment in transit and freight)
$30,000
9,900
Instructions
a. Prepare journal entries to adjust the accounting records of the home ofce of KostiMarian Company on December 31, 2005.
b. Prepare journal entries to adjust the accounting records of Kosti-Marian Companys
branch on December 31, 2005.
c. Prepare a working paper for combined nancial statements of Kosti-Marian Company
(use the format on page 139). Compute the amounts in the adjusted trial balances for the
home ofce and the branch by incorporating the journal entries in (a) and (b) with the
amounts in the unadjusted trial balances.
(Problem 4.7)
On January 4, 2005, Solis Company opened its rst branch, with instructions to Steven
Carr, the branch manager, to perform the functions of granting credit, billing customers,
accounting for receivables, and making cash collections. The branch paid its operating expenses by checks drawn on its bank account. The branch obtained merchandise solely from
the home ofce; billings from these shipments were at cost to the home ofce. The
adjusted trial balances for the home ofce and the branch on December 31, 2005, were as
follows:

I. Accounting for
4. Accounting for
Branches; Combined
The McGrawHill
Companies, 2005
CHECK FIGURE
SOLIS COMPANY
a. Combined net
income, $117,400.

December 31, 2005
Cash
Notes receivable
Inventories
Furniture and equipment (net)
Retained earnings, Dec. 31, 2004
Dividends declared
Home ofce
Sales
Cost of goods sold
Operating expenses
Totals
Home Ofce
Dr (Cr)
Branch
Dr (Cr)
$ 46,000
7,000
80,400
95,800
82,700
48,100
(41,000)
(200,000)
(25,000)
30,000
$ 14,600
(394,000)
200,500
69,500
$
-0-
37,300
24,200
(82,700)
(101,100)
85,800
21,900
$ -0-
The physical inventories on December 31, 2005, were in agreement with the perpetual
inventory records of the home ofce and the branch.
Instructions
a. Prepare a four-column working paper for combined nancial statements of the home ofce and branch of Solis Company for the year ended December 31, 2005.
b. Prepare closing entries on December 31, 2005, in the accounting records of the branch
of Solis Company.
c. Prepare adjusting and closing entries pertaining to branch operations on December 31,
2005, in the accounting records of the home ofce of Solis Company.
(Problem 4.8)
CHECK FIGURE
c. Combined net
income, $107,000.
The unadjusted general ledger trial balances on December 31, 2005, for Calco Corporations home ofce and its only branch are shown below and on page 160:
CALCO CORPORATION
December 31, 2005
Cash
Inventories, Jan. 1, 2005 (at cost to home ofce)
Equipment (net)
Accrued liabilities
Home ofce
Home Ofce
Dr (Cr)
Branch
Dr (Cr)
$ 28,000
35,000
70,000
30,000
90,000
(46,000)
(14,000)
$ 23,000
12,000
15,000
(13,500)
(2,500)
(19,000)
(continued)

160
I. Accounting for
4. Accounting for
Branches; Combined
The McGrawHill
Companies, 2005
CALCO CORPORATION
Unadjusted Trial Balances (concluded)
December 31, 2005
Home Ofce
Dr (Cr)
Retained earnings, Jan. 1, 2005
Dividends declared
Sales
Purchases
Operating expenses
Totals
(50,000)
(48,000)
10,000
(450,000)
290,000
55,000
-0-
Branch
Dr (Cr)
(100,000)
24,000
45,000
16,000
$
-0-
Your audit disclosed the following:

1. On December 10, 2005, the branch manager acquired equipment for $500, but failed to
notify the home ofce. The branch accountant, knowing that branch equipment is carried in the home ofce ledger, recorded the proper journal entry in the branch accounting records. It is Calcos policy not to recognize depreciation on equipment acquired in
the last half of a year.
2. On December 27, 2005, Mojo, Inc., a customer of the branch, erroneously paid its account of $2,000 to the home ofce. The accountant made the correct journal entry in the
home ofce accounting records but did not notify the branch.
3. On December 30, 2005, the branch remitted to the home ofce cash of $5,000, which
had not been received by the home ofce as of December 31, 2005.
4. On December 31, 2005, the branch accountant erroneously recorded the December allocated expenses from the home ofce as $500 instead of $5,000.
5. On December 31, 2005, the home ofce shipped merchandise billed at $3,000 to the
branch; the shipment had not been received by the branch as of December 31, 2005.
6. The inventories on December 31, 2005, excluding the shipment in transit, were: home
ofce$60,000 (at cost); branch$20,000 (consisting of $18,000 from home ofce at
billed prices and $2,000 from suppliers). Both the home ofce and the branch use the
periodic inventory system.
7. The home ofce erroneously billed shipments to the branch at a markup of 20% above
home ofce cost, although the billing should have been at cost. The Sales ledger account
was credited for the invoices price by the home ofce.
Instructions
a. Prepare journal entries for the home ofce of Calco Corporation on December 31, 2005,
to bring the accounting records up to date and to correct any errors. Record ending inventories by an offsetting credit to the Income Summary ledger account. Do not prepare
other closing entries.
b. Prepare journal entries for the branch of Calco Corporation on December 31, 2005, to
bring the accounting records up to date and to correct any errors. Record ending inventories at cost to the home ofce by an offsetting credit to the Income Summary ledger
account. Do not prepare other closing entries.
c. Prepare a working paper to summarize the operations of Calco Corporation for the year
ended December 31, 2005. Disregard income taxes and use the following column headings:

I. Accounting for
4. Accounting for
Branches; Combined
The McGrawHill
Companies, 2005
Revenue and Expenses
(Problem 4.9)
Branch
Combined
The following reciprocal ledger accounts were included in the accounting records of the
home ofce and the Lee Branch of Kreshek Company on April 30, 2005. You have been retained by Kreshek to assist it with some accounting work preliminary to the preparation of
nancial statements for the quarter ended April 30, 2005.
CHECK FIGURE
b. Adjusted balances,
$143,390.
Home Ofce
Investment in Lee Branch

Date
2005
Feb. 1
6
17
Mar. 31
Apr. 2
26
28
29
Explanation
Balance
Shipment of merchandise, 160 units
@ $49
Note receivable collected by branch
Cash deposited by branch
Merchandise returned by branch
Loss on disposal of branch equipment
Operating expenses charged to branch
Corrected loss on disposal of branch
equipment from $780 to $250
Debit
Credit
Balance
124,630 dr
7,840
2,500
2,000
450
132,470 dr
134,970 dr
132,970 dr
132,520 dr
133,300 dr
134,500 dr
530
133,970 dr
Credit
Balance
780
1,200
Home Ofce
Date
2005
Feb. 1
8
14
15
Mar. 30
31
Apr. 29
30
30
Explanation
Balance
Merchandise from home ofce, 160 units
@$49
Received shipment directly from supplier,
invoice to be paid by home ofce
Note receivable collected for home
ofce
Deposited cash in account of home
ofce
Returned merchandise to home ofce
Paid repair bill for home ofce
Excess merchandise returned to home
ofce (billed at cost)
Preliminary net income for quarter
(before any required corrections)
Debit
124,630 cr
7,480
132,110 cr
2,750
134,860 cr
2,500
137,360 cr
2,000
450
375
135,360 cr
134,910 cr
134,535 cr
5,205
129,330 cr
13,710
143,040 cr
1. Branch equipment is carried in the accounting records of the home ofce; the home ofce noties the branch periodically as to the amount of depreciation applicable to equipment used by the branch. Gains or losses on disposal of branch equipment are reported
to the branch and included in the income statement of the branch.
2. Because of the error in recording the shipment from the home ofce on February 8,
2005, the sale of the 160 units has been debited improperly by the branch to cost of
goods sold at $46.75 a unit.

162
I. Accounting for
4. Accounting for
Branches; Combined
The McGrawHill
Companies, 2005
3. On April 30, 2005, the branch collected trade accounts receivable of $350 belonging to
the home ofce, but the branch employee who recorded the collection mistakenly treated
the trade accounts receivable as belonging to the branch.
4. The branch accountant recorded the preliminary net income of $13,710 by a debit to
Income Summary and a credit to Home Ofce, although the revenue and expense ledger
accounts had not been closed.
Instructions
a. Reconcile the reciprocal ledger accounts of the home ofce and Lee Branch of Kreshek
Company to the correct balances on April 30, 2005. Use a four-column working paper
(debit and credit columns for the Investment in Lee Branch account in the home ofce
accounting records and debit and credit columns for the Home Ofce account in the
branch accounting records). Start with the unadjusted balances on April 30, 2005, and
work to corrected balances, including explanations of all adjusting or correcting items.
b. Prepare journal entries for Lee Branch of Kreshek Company on April 30, 2005, to bring
its accounting records up to date, assuming that corrections still may be made to revenue
and expense ledger accounts. The branch uses the perpetual inventory system. Do not
prepare closing entries.
c. Prepare journal entries for the home ofce of Kreshek Company on April 30, 2005, to
bring its accounting records up to date. The home ofce uses the perpetual inventory
system and has not prepared closing entries. Do not prepare closing entries.
(Problem 4.10)
Arnies, a single proprietorship owned by Arnold Nance, sells merchandise at both its home
ofce and a branch. The home ofce bills merchandise shipped to the branch at 125% of
home ofce cost, and is the only supplier for the branch. Shipments of merchandise to the
branch have been recorded improperly by the home ofce by credits to Sales for the billed
price. Both the home ofce and the branch use the perpetual inventory system.
Arnies has engaged you to audit its nancial statements for the year ended December 31,
2005. This is the rst time the proprietorship has retained an independent accountant. You
were provided with the following unadjusted trial balances:
CHECK FIGURE
ARNIES
c. Combined net
income, $86,600.

December 31, 2005
Cash
Inventories
Equipment (net)
Accrued liabilities
Note payable, due 2008
Arnold Nance, capital, Jan. 1, 2005
Arnold Nance, drawing
Home ofce
Sales
Cost of goods sold
Operating expenses
Totals
Home Ofce
Dr (Cr)
Vida Branch
Dr (Cr)
$ 31,000
20,000
40,000
45,000
150,000
$ (23,000)
$ 13,000
22,000
8,000
(2,000)
(51,000)
(192,000)
50,000
(390,000)
250,000
70,000
$ -0-
(10,000)
(160,000)
93,000
36,000
$ -0-

I. Accounting for
4. Accounting for
Branches; Combined
The McGrawHill
Companies, 2005
1. On January 1, 2005, inventories of the home ofce amounted to $25,000 and inventories
of the branch amounted to $6,000. During 2005, the branch was billed for $105,000 for
shipments from the home ofce.
2. On December 28, 2005, the home ofce billed the branch for $12,000, representing the
branchs share of operating expenses paid by the home ofce. This billing had not been
recorded by the branch.
3. All cash collections made by the branch were deposited in a local bank to the bank account of the home ofce. Deposits of this nature included the following:
Amount
Date Deposited
by Vida Branch
Date Recorded
by Home Ofce
$5,000
3,000
7,000
2,000
Dec. 28, 2005

Dec. 30, 2005
Dec. 31, 2005
Jan. 2, 2006
Dec. 31, 2005

Not recorded
Not recorded
Not recorded
4. Operating expenses incurred by the branch were paid from an imprest bank account that
was reimbursed periodically by the home ofce. On December 30, 2005, the home ofce had mailed a reimbursement check in the amount of $3,000, which had not been received by the branch as of December 31, 2005.
5. A shipment of merchandise from the home ofce to the branch was in transit on December 31, 2005.
Instructions
a. Prepare journal entries to adjust the accounting records of Arnies home ofce on December 31, 2005. Establish an allowance for overvaluation of branch inventories.
b. Prepare journal entries to adjust the accounting records of Vida Branch on December 31,
2005.
c. Prepare a working paper for combined nancial statements of Arnies on December 31,
2005 (use the format on pages 132133). Compute the amounts for the adjusted trial
balances for the home ofce and the branch by incorporating the journal entries in (a)
and (b) with the amounts in the unadjusted trial balances.
d. After the working paper in (c) is completed, prepare all required adjusting and closing
entries on December 31, 2005, in the accounting records of Arnies home ofce.

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Larsen: Modern Advanced

Accounting, Tenth Edition

BRANCHES AND DIVISIONS

Larsen: Modern Advanced

122 Part One Accounting for Partnerships and Branches

START-UP COSTS OF OPENING NEW BRANCHES

ACCOUNTING SYSTEM FOR A BRANCH

Larsen: Modern Advanced

Chapter 4 Accounting for Branches; Combined Financial Statements 123

Reciprocal Ledger Accounts

Expenses Incurred by Home Ofce

Larsen: Modern Advanced

Part One Accounting for Partnerships and Branches

Alternative Methods of Billing Merchandise Shipments

Separate Financial Statements for Branch

Larsen: Modern Advanced

Chapter 4 Accounting for Branches; Combined Financial Statements 125

Combined Financial Statements for Home Ofce and Branch

Illustrative Journal Entries for Operations of a Branch

Larsen: Modern Advanced

Part One Accounting for Partnerships and Branches

Typical Home Ofce

Home Ofce Accounting Records

(2) Investment in Mason

(3) Equipment: Mason

Mason Branch Accounting Records

(8) Investment in Mason

Larsen: Modern Advanced

Chapter 4 Accounting for Branches; Combined Financial Statements 127

Investment in Mason Branch

Cash sent to branch

Cash received from home ofce

Working Paper for Combined Financial Statements

Larsen: Modern Advanced

Part One Accounting for Partnerships and Branches

Combined Financial Statements Illustrated

Adjusted Trial Balances

Larsen: Modern Advanced

Chapter 4 Accounting for Branches; Combined Financial Statements 129

Liabilities and Stockholders Equity

Larsen: Modern Advanced

Part One Accounting for Partnerships and Branches

Home Ofce Accounting Records

Adjusting and Closing

Mason Branch Accounting Records

Billing of Merchandise to Branches at Prices

Journal Entries for

(2) Investment in Mason

Mason Branch Accounting Records

Larsen: Modern Advanced

Chapter 4 Accounting for Branches; Combined Financial Statements 131

Investment in Mason Branch

Cash sent to branch

Cash received from home ofce

Larsen: Modern Advanced

Part One Accounting for Partnerships and Branches

Working Paper When Billings to Branches Are

Adjusted Trial Balances