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    Database System Concepts and Architecture

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    Abdirisak Mohamud
    This document discusses key concepts in database systems and architecture. It covers data models, the three-schema architecture with conceptual, internal and external schemas, database languages and interfaces. It also outlines DBMS components, architectures like centralized and client-server, and classifications including data model, number of sites and users, and licensing. The main topics are data modeling, DBMS architecture and design, and categorization of database management systems.

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    Database System Concepts and Architecture

    Uploaded by

    Abdirisak Mohamud
    79 views19 pages
    This document discusses key concepts in database systems and architecture. It covers data models, the three-schema architecture with conceptual, internal and external schemas, database languages and interfaces. It also outlines DBMS components, architectures like centralized and client-server, and classifications including data model, number of sites and users, and licensing. The main topics are data modeling, DBMS architecture and design, and categorization of database management systems.

    Original Description:

    Database Management System Notes

    Original Title

    DBMS System

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    This document discusses key concepts in database systems and architecture. It covers data models, the three-schema architecture with conceptual, internal and external schemas, database languages and interfaces. It also outlines DBMS components, architectures like centralized and client-server, and classifications including data model, number of sites and users, and licensing. The main topics are data modeling, DBMS architecture and design, and categorization of database management systems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    79 views19 pages

    Database System Concepts and Architecture

    Uploaded by

    Abdirisak Mohamud
    This document discusses key concepts in database systems and architecture. It covers data models, the three-schema architecture with conceptual, internal and external schemas, database languages and interfaces. It also outlines DBMS components, architectures like centralized and client-server, and classifications including data model, number of sites and users, and licensing. The main topics are data modeling, DBMS architecture and design, and categorization of database management systems.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 19

    DATABASE SYSTEM

    CONCEPTS AND
    ARCHITECTURE

    CHAPTER 2

    LECTURE OUTLINE
    Data Models
    Three-Schema Architecture and Data Independence
    Database Languages and Interfaces
    The Database System Environment
    DBMS Architectures
    Classification of Database Management Systems

    DATA MODEL
    Collection of concepts that describe the structure of a database
    Provides means to achieve data abstraction
    Suppression of details of data organization and storage
    Highlighting of the essential features for an improved
    understanding of data
    Includes basic operations
    Retrievals and updates on the database
    Dynamic aspect or behavior of a database application

    Allows the database designer to specify a set of valid operations


    allowed on database objects

    CATEGORIES OF DATA MODELS


    High-level or conceptual data models
    Close to the way many users perceive data
    For example, object-oriented models
    Low-level or physical data models
    Describe the details of how data is stored on computer storage
    media
    Include explicit access paths
    Structure that makes locating particular database records efficient
    Example: Index
    Allows direct access to record by looking up a value

    Compromise: Representational data models


    Abstract model of data
    Emphasize aspects that should be understood by end users
    Close enough to how data organized in computer storage that they
    can be implemented efficiently

    Where does the relational data model fit?

    THREE-SCHEMA ARCHITECTURE

    Internal level
    Describes physical storage structure of the
    database
    Conceptual level
    Describes structure of the whole database for
    the complete community of users
    External or view level
    Describes part of the database of interest to a
    particular user group

    DATA INDEPENDENCE
    Capacity to change the schema at one level of a database system
    without having to change the schema at the next higher level
    Change the mappings between schemas
    Conceptual schema reflects the enterprise

    Relatively stable
    Serves as Universe of Discourse
    Physical data independence achieved through conceptual/internal
    mapping
    Logical data independence achieved through external/conceptual
    mappings

    DBMS LANGUAGES
    Data definition language (DDL)
    Defines conceptual schema
    Storage definition language (SDL)
    Specifies the internal schema
    View definition language (VDL)
    Specifies user views/mappings to conceptual schema
    Data manipulation language (DML)
    Allows retrieval, insertion, deletion, modification
    Low-level or procedural DML
    Must be embedded in a general-purpose programming language
    Record-at-a-time

    High-level or non-procedural DML

    Can be used on its own to specify complex database operations


    concisely
    Set-at-a-time or set-oriented

    DBMS INTERFACES
    Menu-based interfaces for Web clients or browsing
    Forms-based interfaces
    Graphical user interfaces
    Natural language interfaces
    Speech input and output
    Interfaces for parametric users

    Interfaces for the DBA

    DBMS COMPONENT MODULES


    Stored data manager
    DDL compiler
    Interactive query interface
    Query compiler
    Query optimizer
    Precompiler
    Runtime database processor
    System catalog
    Concurrency control system

    10

    Backup and recovery system

    11

    DBMS UTILITIES
    Loading
    Load existing data files
    Backup
    Creates a backup copy of the database
    Database storage reorganization
    Reorganize a set of database files into different file organizations
    Performance monitoring

    13

    Monitors database usage and provides statistics to the DBA

    DBMS-RELATED FACILITIES
    CASE Tools
    Data dictionary (data repository) system
    Stores design decisions, usage standards, application program
    descriptions, and user information
    Application development environments

    14

    Communications software

    CENTRALIZED DBMS ARCHITECTURE

    15

    All DBMS functionality, application program execution, and user


    interface processing carried out on one machine

    BASIC CLIENT/SERVER ARCHITECTURES


    Servers with specific functionalities
    File server
    Maintains the files of the client machines.

    Printer server
    Connected to various printers; all print requests by the clients are
    forwarded to this machine

    Web servers or e-mail servers


    Client machines
    Provide user with:
    Appropriate interfaces to use these services
    Local processing power to run local applications

    DBMS example

    16

    Server handles query, update, and transaction functionality


    Client handles user interface programs and application programs

    CLIENT/SERVER DBMS SOFTWARE


    Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)
    Provides application programming interface (API) for C and C++
    Call Level Interface (CLI)

    Allows client-side programs to call the DBMS


    Both client and server machines must have the necessary software
    installed

    JDBC
    Allows Java client programs to access one or more DBMSs through
    a standard interface

    17

    Alternative: Microsofts ADO.NET

    3-TIER CLIENT-SERVER DBMS


    ARCHITECTURE
    Code partitioned between clients (user interfaces), application
    server, and DBMS modules

    18

    Database

    19

    CLASSIFICATION OF DBMSS
    General or special-purpose
    Data model

    Relational
    Object
    Object-relational
    Hierarchical and network
    (legacy)
    Native XML

    Number of sites
    Centralized
    Distributed
    Homogeneous
    Heterogeneous (Federated)

    Licensing
    Open source
    Proprietary

    Number of users

    20

    Single-user
    Multiuser

    LECTURE SUMMARY
    Main categories of data models
    Three-schema architecture
    Types of languages and interfaces supported by DMBSs
    Components and services provided by the DBMS
    DBMS computing architectures

    22

    DBMS classification criteria

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