Cash Flows

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1997 1998

Inflação

Investimento
Terreno 1200
Edifício 4000
Equipamento

Unidades vendidas
Preço
Vendas

Custos variáveis 65%


Custos fixos
Custos totais

Amortizações
Edifício
Equipamento

Edifício
Equipamento
Total

Resultado antes de impostos


Imposto 40%
Resultado líquido

Equipamento
Valor bruto
Valor líquido
Valor de mercado
Lucro (valor mercado - valor líq.)
Imposto
CF (valor de mercado - impostos pagos)

Edifício
Valor bruto
Valor líquido
Valor de mercado
Lucro (valor mercado - valor líq.)
Imposto
CF (valor de mercado - impostos pagos)

Terreno
Valor bruto
Valor líquido
Valor de mercado
Lucro (valor mercado - valor líq.)
Imposto
CF (valor de mercado - impostos pagos)

Investimento em fundo de maneio


Necessidades 12%
Investimento

Reconstituição dos CF
(+) Resultado Líquido
(+) Amortizações
(-) Investimento 1200 4000
(-) Investimento em FM
(+) CF Fim de Vida
CF -1200 -4000

CF acumulado -1200 -5200

ano zero

11.5% VAL 10,831.38 € 12,076.98 €

TIR 25%

MTIR 22%

payback period entre o 3º e o 4º ano de operação


entre o 5º e o 6º ano desde a primeira saída de

A= 5 B=

payback period = 5.3


3.3

As an example, consider a $150 software purchase that is expected to improve productivity valued at $60 per year for the next three years:

Paid Out Paid Back Total Paid Back


Year 1 $150 $60 $60
Year 2 $60 $120
Year3 $60 $160

Payback obviously occurs in Year 3, but where, precisely? The "formula" for payback period is a little cluttered, but it should be simple to follo
(Note that Year 3 is the final Payback Year).
Payback Period = A + ( B / C ) where
A = Years before final payback year)

B = Total to be paid back - Total Paid back at start of final payback year

C = Total Paid back at the end of final payback year - Total Paid back at the start of the final payback year

For the example,

Payback Period = 2 + ($150 - $120) / ($180 - $120)

Payback Period = 2 + 30/60 = 2.5 Years

Payback period is an appealing metric because its interpretation is easily understood. Nevertheless, here are some poin

1 Payback cannot be calculated if the positive cash inflows do not eventually outweigh the cash ou
That is why payback (like IRR) is of little use when used with a pure "costs onl
2 Payback calculation ordinarily does not recognize the time value of money (in a discounti
in after payback (contrast with discounted cash flow and internal rate of return, above)
3 Other things being equal, the action or investment with the shortest payback period is th
It is usually assumed that the longer the payback period, the more uncertain are the pos
or a risk-related criterion that must be met before funds are spent. A company might de
or expenditures that have a payback period over, say, 3 years.
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
1 1.06 1.1236 1.191016 1.262477 1.338226

4000
10000

25000 25000 25000 25000 25000 25000


2.2 2.332 2.47192 2.620235 2.777449 2.944096
55000 58300 61798 65505.88 69436.23 73602.41

35750 37895 40168.7 42578.82 45133.55 47841.56


8000 8480 8988.8 9528.128 10099.82 10705.8
43750 46375 49157.5 52106.95 55233.37 58547.37

1.50% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3%
20% 32% 19% 12% 11% 6%

120 240 240 240 240 240


2000 3200 1900 1200 1100 600 10000
2120 3440 2140 1440 1340 840

9130 8485 10500.5 11958.93 12862.87 14215.04


3652 3394 4200.2 4783.572 5145.146 5686.015
5478 5091 6300.3 7175.358 7717.719 8529.023

10000
0
2000
2000
800
1200

8000
6680
1000
-5680
-2272
3272

1200
1200
1700
500
200
1500

6600 6996 7415.76 7860.706 8332.348 8832.289


6600 396 419.76 444.9456 471.6423 499.9409 -8832.289

5478 5091 6300.3 7175.358 7717.719 8529.023


2120 3440 2140 1440 1340 840
14000 0 0 0 0 0 0
6600 396 419.76 444.9456 471.6423 499.9409 -8832.289
5972
-20600 7202 8111.24 7995.354 8143.716 8557.779 24173.31
23308.59 31452.31
-25800 -18598 -10486.76 -2491.406 5652.31 14210.09 38383.4

12,076.98 €

20% 11.50% 18%

3º e o 4º ano de operação
e o 6º ano desde a primeira saída de dinheiro

-F65-I64 C= J64-I64 0.30593

ou
após início da operação

ued at $60 per year for the next three years:

ttle cluttered, but it should be simple to follow.


derstood. Nevertheless, here are some points to keep in mind when using it:

flows do not eventually outweigh the cash outflows.


se when used with a pure "costs only" business case or cost of ownership analysis.
e time value of money (in a discounting sense) nor does it reflect money coming
cash flow and internal rate of return, above)
with the shortest payback period is the better investment because it is less risky.
riod, the more uncertain are the positive returns. For this reason, payback period is often used as a measure of risk,
unds are spent. A company might decide, for instance, to undertake no major investments
VAL 12,076.98 €
TIR
asure of risk,
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Inflação

Investimento
Terreno
Edifício
Equipamento

Unidades vendidas
Preço
Vendas

Custos variáveis
Custos fixos
Custos totais

Amortizações
Edifício
Equipamento

Edifício
Equipamento
Total

Resultado antes de impostos


Imposto
Resultado líquido

Equipamento
Valor bruto
Valor líquido
Valor de mercado
Lucro
Imposto
CF

Edifício
Valor bruto
Valor líquido
Valor de mercado
Lucro
Imposto
CF

Terreno
Valor bruto
Valor líquido
Valor de mercado
Lucro
Imposto
CF

Investimento em fundo de maneio


Necessidades
Investimento

Reconstituição dos CF
(+) Resultado Líquido
(+) Amortizações
(-) Investimento
(-) Investimento em FM
(+) CF Fim de Vida
CF
2002 2003 2004 2005

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