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    Difference GPOS & RTOS

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    annzera
    An RTOS is suited for time-critical embedded systems, while a GPOS is intended for general purpose systems that are not time-sensitive. Key differences include task scheduling, hardware requirements, and latency. In an RTOS, task scheduling is strictly priority-based to ensure quick responses, it is designed for low-end hardware, and all processes have bounded latencies. In contrast, a GPOS aims for high throughput over priority in scheduling, requires more powerful hardware, and dispatch latency can vary unpredictably with more running processes. The RTOS kernel is also preemptible to serve high priority tasks, unlike the non-preemptible GPOS kernel.

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    Difference GPOS & RTOS

    Uploaded by

    annzera
    808 views3 pages
    An RTOS is suited for time-critical embedded systems, while a GPOS is intended for general purpose systems that are not time-sensitive. Key differences include task scheduling, hardware requirements, and latency. In an RTOS, task scheduling is strictly priority-based to ensure quick responses, it is designed for low-end hardware, and all processes have bounded latencies. In contrast, a GPOS aims for high throughput over priority in scheduling, requires more powerful hardware, and dispatch latency can vary unpredictably with more running processes. The RTOS kernel is also preemptible to serve high priority tasks, unlike the non-preemptible GPOS kernel.

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    general purpose os Vs real time os

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    An RTOS is suited for time-critical embedded systems, while a GPOS is intended for general purpose systems that are not time-sensitive. Key differences include task scheduling, hardware requirements, and latency. In an RTOS, task scheduling is strictly priority-based to ensure quick responses, it is designed for low-end hardware, and all processes have bounded latencies. In contrast, a GPOS aims for high throughput over priority in scheduling, requires more powerful hardware, and dispatch latency can vary unpredictably with more running processes. The RTOS kernel is also preemptible to serve high priority tasks, unlike the non-preemptible GPOS kernel.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    808 views3 pages

    Difference GPOS & RTOS

    Uploaded by

    annzera
    An RTOS is suited for time-critical embedded systems, while a GPOS is intended for general purpose systems that are not time-sensitive. Key differences include task scheduling, hardware requirements, and latency. In an RTOS, task scheduling is strictly priority-based to ensure quick responses, it is designed for low-end hardware, and all processes have bounded latencies. In contrast, a GPOS aims for high throughput over priority in scheduling, requires more powerful hardware, and dispatch latency can vary unpredictably with more running processes. The RTOS kernel is also preemptible to serve high priority tasks, unlike the non-preemptible GPOS kernel.

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    GPOS versus RTOS for an Embedded System

    Difference between a GPOS (Normal General Purpose Operating System) and an RTOS
    (Real Time Operating System)
    The whole purpose of this article is to outline the basic differences between a GPOS (General
    Purpose Operating System) or a Normal OS as many people call it and an RTOS (Real Time
    Operating System). Lets have a look.

    Image Courtesy
    The basic difference of using a GPOS or an RTOS lies in the nature of the system i.e whether
    the system is time critical or not! A system can be of a single purpose or multiple purpose.
    Example of a time critical system is Automated Teller Machines (ATM). Here an ATM card
    user is supposed to get his money from the teller machine within 4 or 5 seconds from the
    moment he press the confirmation button. The card user will not wait 5 minutes at the ATM after
    he pressed the confirm button. So an ATM is a time critical system. Where as a personal
    computer (PC) is not a time critical system. The purpose of a PC is multiple. A user can run
    many applications at the same time. After pressing the SAVE button of a finished document,
    there is no particular time limit that the doc should be saved within 5 seconds. It may take
    several minutes (in some cases) depending upon the number of tasks and processes running in
    parallel. I hope you got the basic idea now!
    A GPOS is used for systems/applications that are not time critical. Example:- Windows, Linux,
    Unix etc.
    An RTOS is used for time critical systems. Example:- VxWorks, uCos etc. You can read a
    good article about the basic concepts of an RTOS here:- What is Real Time Operating System.
    We can also say an RTOS is supposed to give quick and predictable response.
    Now lets get into differences in the working of GPOS and RTOS.Before going deep down, it will
    be good if you read this article from Howstuffworks- about Operating Systems.

    Task Scheduling
    Lets take the case of task scheduling first. In the case of a GPOS task scheduling is not based
    on priority always! GPOS is programmed to handle scheduling in such a way that it manages
    to achieve high throughput. Here throughput means the total number of processes that
    complete their execution per unit time. In such a case, some times execution of a high priority
    process will get delayed inorder to serve 5 or 6 low priority tasks. High throughput is achieved
    by serving 5 low priority tasks than by serving a single high priority one. Where as in an RTOS
    scheduling is always priority based. Most RTOS uses pre-emptive task scheduling method which
    is based on priority levels. Here a high priority process gets executed over the low priority ones.
    All low priority process execution will get paused. A high priority process execution will get
    override only if a request comes from an even high priority process.

    Hardware and Economical factors


    An RTOS is usually designed for a low end, stand alone device like an ATM, Vending machines,
    Kiosks etc. RTOS is light weight and small in size compared to a GPOS. A GPOS is made for
    high end, general purpose systems like a personal computer, a work station, a server system etc.
    The basic difference between a low end system and high end system is in its hardware
    configuration. Now a days a personal computer or even a smart phone comes with high speed
    processors (in the range of many Gigahertz), large RAMs (in the range 2 or 3 GBs and even
    higher) etc. But an embedded system works on low hardware configurations usually speed in
    the range of Megahertz and RAM in the range of Megabytes. A GPOS being too heavy demands
    very high end hardware configurations. It is economical to port an RTOS to an embedded system
    of limited expectations and functionalities (Example: An ATM is supposed to do only certain
    functions like Money transfer, Withdrawal, Balance check etc). So it is more logical to use an
    RTOS inside the ATM with its limited hardware. It is not economical to improve the hardware of
    an ATM just to port a GPOS as its user interface.

    Latency issues
    Another major issue with a GPOS is unbounded dispatch latency, which most GPOS falls into.
    The more number of threads to schedule, latencies will get added up! An RTOS has no such
    issues because all the process and threads in it has got bounded latencies which means a
    process/thread will get executed within a specified time limit.

    Preemptible Kernel
    The kernel of an RTOS is preemptible where as a GPOS kernel is not preemptible. This is a
    major issue when it comes to serving high priority process/threads first. If kernel is not
    preemptible, then a request/call from kernel will override all other process and threads. For
    example:- a request from a driver or some other system service comes in, it is treated as a kernel
    call which will be served immediately overriding all other process and threads. In an RTOS the
    kernel is kept very simple and only very important service requests are kept within the kernel
    call. All other service requests are treated as external processes and threads. All such service

    requests from kernel are associated with a bounded latency in an RTOS. This ensures highly
    predictable and quick response from an RTOS.
    These all are the basic differences between an RTOS and GPOS. I have written this article from
    the perspective of an embedded system, which analyses which OS is better for an embedded
    system. If we go even beyond there are many many points to discuss, but it is not in the scope of
    this article. As an example I can say, many GPOS in market, now has got real time extensions
    which aims to solve the drawbacks of a GPOS in real time systems. Some vendors have even
    introduced a dual kernel system which has one kernel to serve for GPOS and another kernel to
    serve for real time systems.

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