Pneumatic

Conveying
TECHNIK
We know how

pneumatic conveying technik

About
Since its founding in 1906, Claudius Peters has become one of the worlds
most respected engineering houses and an innovative world leader. Its German

Contents
Technikum 3

engineering excellence continues to set benchmarks for the design, manufacture

Plant design

and commissioning of materials handling and processing systems for the

FLUIDCON
6

Type 1:
Pressure vessel conveyor 8
Type 2: X-Pump

10

Type 3: Airlift

12

Type 4: Blow feeder

14

Type 5: Jet feeder

15

gypsum, cement, coal, alumina, steel and bulk-handling industries.

From conception and installation through to commissioning and after-sales
support, Claudius Peters provides world-class service to the worlds biggest
bulk materials producers.
The company is part of the Claudius Peters Group GmbH, headquartered in
Buxtehude near Hamburg, Germany, with regional offices in the Americas, Asia
and Europe.

Claudius Peters is one of the worlds leading

suppliers of pneumatic systems for the conveying
of dry bulk materials.
With experience in the handling and analysis of
over 13,000 different types of bulk solid,
Claudius Peters can determine the precise
conveying procedure for any requirement.
Claudius Peters service includes delivery of a
complete plant, from examination of bulk
solids through selection of conveying system
with auxiliary components to installation and
Claudius Peters headquarters, Buxtehude, Germany.

plant commissioning.
Design of required pneumatic equipment (including bulk solid feeders, air supply equipment,
conveying pipelines and the air/solid classifiers)
can come from a clients specification or from
Claudius Peters own material sample analysis.

Technikum
The Claudius Peters Technikum (Technical Center) offers clients a laboratory
with facility to test all bulk solid conveying systems.
Extensive testing, backed by years of experience

Each material is measured for deaeration time,

enables Claudius Peters to design and produce

density, humidity and wall friction angle, with

conveying systems which combine high reliability

data documented in a test report supported by

with minimal power consumption.

EDP and used to ensure optimal plant design.

State-of-the-art
technology to meet
every conveying
requirement

With conveying lines up to 5km long and a wide

range of pipe diameters, the laboratory enables
the design and supply of systems which have
been calculated for optimal process, cost and
operating parameters.
In the Technikum, conveying procedures can
be tested for any load, gas velocity, conveying
pressure and conveying distance.
Claudius Peters Technikum.

Customer enquiry

Material known?
Yes

Test report

No

Yes

No
Conveying tests are run

Material characteristics

Angle

Pressure

Particle density
Bulk density
Material behaviour:
Sticky
Abrasive
Alkaline
Spec, surface etc.

Already been conveyed?

Weight
percentage

A test report is elaborated

Diameter

Grain size distribution

Determination of
conveying procedure
Lean phase

Velocity

Time

Venting time

Flowability

Solids
load
low

Gas
velocity
high

Energy
consumption
high

high

low

low

Dimension of conveying route

No

Lean phase conveyance

Definition of solids feeder

Strand conveyance
Optimun configuration?

Dune conveyance

Yes
Design completed

The Claudius Peters, DIN EN ISO 9001 certified working procedure.

Dense phase

Plug conveyance

plant design
Determining the conveying process

Thorough testing
delivers optimal
power efficiency

Characteristics of bulk materials, determined from sample analysis, are used

in configuration of the plant.
A typical plant consists of a bulk solids

The appropriate conveying procedure is

feeder, a pressure generator, conveying pipe

determined by results from the bulk solids test

and a separator.

and the conveying tests, along with the

customers basic conveyance data. Once

The Geldart diagram (below) shows how

this is determined, the plant can be designed

Claudius Peters classifies bulk solids, with grey

for optimal power efficiency. The required

areas showing materials which can easily be

task and the bulk solids behaviour will then

conveyed in a dense phase mode.

determine selection of the conveying mode.

Density difference bulk - gas (kg/m3)

10,000

D
B

1,000

A
C
100
10

100
Medium particle size (m)

Geldart diagram.

1,000

10,000

Feeder selection
Claudius Peters delivers positive pressure conveying systems.

The diagram (below) illustrates the structure of a

Types of feeders for plant configuration

positive pressure vessel conveying system,

The chart (bottom) shows the variety and

where quantities of bulk solids are introduced

features of available feeders along with their

into the conveyor pipe against the conveying

standardized range of applications. Claudius

pressure, resulting in no air leakage losses.

Peters can also supply solutions for ranges not

Claudius Peters offers a complete range of

included in the chart.

A feeder type
for every
possible system

feeder types.

Materials conveyed
Solids feeder
Conveying pipe

Pressure
aggregate

Gas-solids
Separator
Conveying gas

Material conveyed

Pressure vessel

X-Pump

All non-adhesive
materials

Wide particle
size distribution
with fine shares

Airlift

Blow-through feeder

Jet feeder

Fluidisable
materials

Coarse and
fine materials
low abrasion

All materials

Max.
throughput
[ t/h ]

150 (single)
300 (twin)

400

900

60

Max. conveying
distance
[m]

3500

1500

120
vertical

250

75

Max. pressure
difference in
conveyor pipe
[ bar ]

2,5

0,6
vertical

0,2

FLUIDCON

Pneumatic
conveying, with
considerably
lower power
consumption

The Claudius Peters FLUIDCON system offers the advantages of pneumatic

conveying with considerably lower energy requirements owing to its unique
aeroslide transportation principle within the transport pipe.
Additionally, FLUIDCON provides a dense phase

To transport the material, transport air travels

system with increased bulk material load and

perpendicular to the fluidized air and passes in

can be used to convey all fine bulk solids that

an axial direction. The pressure loss of the

can be fluidized with low air velocities, expanding

transport air flow substitutes for the inclination

homogeneously during the process. Depending

of the aeroslide. The aeroslide principle turns

on the transport pipe routing chosen, it can

the bulk solids into a fluid state with minimal

internal friction and ensures that it remains

substantially reduce power consumption

fluidized away from the bottom of the pipe and

About FLUIDCON

in the gas flow. These optimum conveying

FLUIDCON is a conveyor pipe that can

conditions allow the transportation of solids

partially or completely fluidize material over

with lowest axial driving gas velocities in the

the horizontal length of the pipe (the aeroslide

feed point and acceleration section of the pipe.

principle). The air is used to fluidize but not

It is therefore possible to convey materials with

transport the material.

the

FLUIDCON

system

using

minimal

differential pressure through uphill inclines of

up to 30.

Detail of FLUIDCON pipe.

100
P (pneumatic) / P (belt)

Advantages of FLUIDCON

Conventional
Conveyance

32

n R
 educed operating costs. Substantially
less energy consumption. Compared to
conventional pneumatic conveying

10
6,5

FLUIDCON

1,3

Aeroslide

0,1
0

200

400

600

Conveying distance [ m ]

Schematic of FLUIDCON transport.

800

1000

n H
 igh availability. The system is easily
started or restarted even when solids
remain in the conveying line
n G
 entle material handling. This is due to
lower conveying velocities starting at
approximately 2-3m/s and ending at
approximately 5-10m/s
n A
 lternative feed systems. With a
reduction in the conveying pressure,
Claudius Peters X-pumps (screw pumps)
can be installed instead of conventional
pressure vessels to ensure savings in
height and capital costs

The Claudius Peters FLUIDCON System has

proven to be a valuable alternative in bulk

n Lower investment cost

materials handling applications.

n Lower gas and solids velocities

Additionally this type of system can be utilized in

ash removal plants where it is particularly
suitable for the removal of fly ash from a

n Lower conveying pressure

n Reduced wear
n Lower power requirement

baghouse or ESP. The fly ash discharge points

n Lower installation height

are connected to a common FLUIDCON

n Simplified material feeding

conveying pipe and the ash is continuously

FLUIDCON pipe feeder.

removed and can be conveyed long distances.

The application of the FLUIDCON system for
conveying dust beneath filter installations offers
a number of advantages compared to other
conveying technologies:

FLUIDCON transport system at Holcim Plant Lgerdorf

for 230 t/h cement.

Schematic of power plant fly ash handling.

Rotary Feeder with FLUIDCON.

type 1: pressure vessel conveyor

Conveying solutions for distances up to 3,500 m

Fully customized,
highly efficient

The main features of pressure vessel

conveying are:
n High availability
n Low maintenance requirements
n Partial load operation
n Suitable for dense phase conveyance
n Appropriate for all types of bulk solids
n Available in sizes up to 50m3
n Conveying distances up to 3,500m
n Conveying pressures up to 30 bar
n S
 uitable for systems with top or
bottom discharge

Pressure vessel transport system.

The main principles

of pressure vessel
conveyance are:
1. Filling
2. Pressurizing
3. Conveying
4. Venting

Schematic of transport cycle.

Solids can be conveyed by single, twin or

double-storey vessels as required.

A range of flexible
expansion options

Single pressure vessel conveyance:

n Batch conveyance
n Maximum capacity 150t/h
n Fully automatic
n Simple, low costs

Twin pressure vessel conveyance:

n Quasi-continuous conveyance
n Maximum capacity 300t/h
n Fully automatic
n 50% reserve in case of vessel failure

Pressure vessel system.

Throughput for single pressure vessel (for example cement).

Double-storey vessel conveyance:

120

n Continuous conveyance
n Fully automatic

Throughput [t/h]

n Maximum capacity 150t/h

100
80

p = 3 bar
L = 200 m
3
ss = 1000 kg/m
wear class 1

60
40
20
0

Special applications

0,5

1,5

2,5

As well as conveying vessels, Claudius Peters

Design parameters for this

type of application:

also offers injection vessels, which are designed

n Standard sizes: 0.2m3 to 20m3

to inject substances against high counter

pressures. If required, injection vessels may
incorporate distribution devices within the
conveying pipe to divide the material flow, such
as when feeding coal into a blast furnace at
separate points.

3
3,5
4
Net volume [m3]

12

15

20

n Customized sizes to 35m3 are in operation

n T hroughputs to 300t/h are
presently operating
n Distances to 3,500m
n Customized solutions
n M
 odern control techniques with valves
suiting the specific bulks

type 2: X-Pump

Proven technology
for dense phase
conveyance

As a core component of the Claudius Peters product range, the X Pump is one
of the most successful conveyance systems ever developed, providing long
and reliable operation for clients worldwide.

When bulk solids are fed into the pump surge

bin for deaeration, the rotating screw compresses them to a plug at the end of the screw.

The Claudius Peters X-Pump offers:

n Continuous conveyance

This plug acts to seal off the conveying

n Suitable for dense phase conveyance

pressure while the bulk solids pressure builds

n High availability

up, forcing the check flap open. Solids are

n Low maintenance

then fed into the conveying air stream and

conveyance begins.

n Partial load operation possible

n Fine particle bulk solids possible
n Conveying volumes to 640m3/h
n Conveying distances up to 1,500m
n Low construction height
n Pressure and shock resistant design
n Pulsation free conveyance

10

Cross section of X-Pump. For 3D animation go to www.claudiuspeters.com

X-Pump with lateral discharger.

The Claudius Peters X-Pump is an optimum

The X-Pump has a broad range of possible

solids feeder of outstanding capability, useful

applications, from silo feeding, injection of

in a wide range of applications, including

pulverized coal and transport of filter dust, to

silos, pre-heaters, pre-calciners, ship loaders

pre-heater feeding and cargo ship loading

and more.

and unloading.

A feeder for
dense-phase
and lean-phase
conveying

For example, 400 t/h cement can be conveyed

distances of up to 1500 m. Additionally, the
geometry of the screw can be adjusted to
accommodate the requirements of specific
bulk solids.

Capacity ranges:
n C
 onveying capacities to 400t/h cement
equivalent to 640m3/h

800

n Conveying pressures to 3.0 bar gauge

n Conveying distances to 1,500m

640

600

Special features:
n Variable arrangement of the pump outlet

Throughput [m3/h]

n Loads to 100kg solids per kg conveying gas

425

400
230

200

125

n Different screw geometries and end flights

n End flights can be replaced separately
n E asy assembly wear parts can be
replaced with minimal dismantling

12
X-115

40
X-150

X-200

X-250

X-300

X-350

Size

n Screw supported at both ends of the shaft

n Individual screw geometry for each
bulk solid

X-Pump capacities.

n Check flap with integrated damper

n Pulsation free conveyance

11

type 3: Airlift

Vertical lift
capability
with a low
investment cost

The Claudius Peters Airlift: a pneumatic lift that can convey solids vertically to a
maximum capacity of 1000t/h.

Features of the Airlift

The Airlift offers the advantages of low
investment costs, low power consumption
and high availability, alongside continuous
operation and easy partial load operation. It can
handle all fluid bulk solids, conveying loads
up to 12-25kg solids per m3 of conveying
gas, with conveying heights up to 120m and
capacities up to 1000t/h.

Airlift rapid transport of large

quantities of material using air
The Airlift feeds bulk solids continuously into the
Airlift pot, whilst conveying air is fed to the
conveyor pip via a nozzle. Aeration at the
bottom of the Airlift pot partly fluidizes the
bulk solids prior to transport and the solids
column seals off the overpressure of the
conveying air. The pressure of the solids
column then feeds the fluidized solids into the
conveyor pipe where they are transported by
the conveying gas.

12

The Claudius Peters Airlift transports material

vertically to cyclone pre-heaters or storage

n Feeding of heat exchangers

silos. With throughputs to 1000t/h, the Airlift is

Its specialized design, called dosification or

n S
 tandby system for mechanical
pre-heater feeding such as
bucket elevators

DOSCON has a variety of applications:

n Silo feeding

an efficient, high capacity conveying method.

n P
 ulsation free, precise dosing
(DOSCON)
n All types of vertical transports

Claudius Peters Airlift.

Performance range:
n Throughputs of 10 to 1000t/h
n Conveying heights up to 120m
n Bottom aeration
n Bottom cone for coarse bulk solids
n S
 everal feed points using two-way
gates in the conveyor pipe
n B
 ulk solids and conveying gas can
be separated by the Claudius Peters
expansion vessel

800

1,4

Standard diameter (mm)

Power consumption (kWh/t)

Example throughput for Airlift (cement).

1,2
1,0
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2

1.250
1.600
1.900
2.200

20

40

60

Conveying height (m)

80

100

200

400

600

800

1.000 1.200 1.400

Max. throughput (t/h)

13

type 4: blow feeder

Bulk solids with difficult flow behaviours can be handled with our feeding and
conveyance unit. The Claudius Peters Blow Feeder offers a combination of
features for all conveying procedures requiring more than simply throughput
and conveying distance specification. It offers:
Function of Blow Feeder system

n High availability
Blow feeder system.

When the bulk solid is dropped into the rotating

n Compact design

feeding chamber, it is blown out of the lower

n Partial load operation if required

chamber via lateral air connections. The bulk

n Closed, dust free system

solid then drops into the blow pan where it is

n Pulsation free

picked up by conveying air and transported

n Throughputs to 100m3/h

within the conveyor pipe.

n Continuous conveyance
Blow Feeder applications

n Conveying distances to 250m

As well as silo feeding and intermediate

n F ine grained and coarse grained bulk

solids, low abrasivity

transport applications, the Blow Feeder can

be used for filter dust return and material
return, for example bag discharge to the
packer pre-bin.

100
Throughput (m3/h)

Not all types of application

10

demand high throughput

When average performance is required at
optimum cost efficiency, Claudius Peters
Gr. 250
50

Gr. 300

100 50

Gr. 350

100 50
Filling ratio (%)

Blow Feeder capacities.

14

Gr. 450

100 50

100

recommends the blow feeder. This feeder has

typical volume throughputs of 20-30m3/h with
a maximum of 100m 3/h and is especially
suited for the transport of sticky materials.

type 5: jet feeder

Of all the five available feeder types, the Claudius Peters Jet Feeder is the
most compact and offers important advantages for specific applications.

operating conditions, is the best design for

n Continuous operation

low solid mass flows. Operating conditions

n High operational safety

will determine the size and the type of nozzle

n Long life times

selected, while variants with and without an

aerated bottom, combined with the corres-

n Low investment cost

ponding diameter of transport pipeline, provide a

n High solids temperature capability

highly reliable conveying method.

n P
 artial load operation without
modification of the conveying air flow

Jet feeding converting static pressure

to kinetic energy

n Lean phase conveyance

Within the jet feeders nozzle, the static

n All bulk solids

pressure of the conveying gas is converted into

n Closed dust free system

kinetic energy. Bulk solids, which can be fed

from the pre-bin or through a rotary feeder, are

n Simple and space saving construction

drawn by the conveying gas into the mixing

n No movable parts in the solids flow

chamber. Then, within the connected diffuser,

n Throughputs up to 6t/h

the kinetic energy of the blended air and solids

is reconverted into static pressure.

n Conveying pressures to 0.2 bar gauge

n Loads to maximum of 6kg/kg

Jet feeder applications

The Claudius Peters Jet Feeder is an ideal,

7
6
Throughput [t/h]

The jet feeder, which can adapt to different

Compact design
that handles all
bulk solids

L = 50 M
H = 10 m
bends 4

4
3
2
1
0

A B C D EF G H I J K L
Size

Jet feeder capacities.

economic option for silo feeding with minimized bulk solids flow. It can be used for material
return to a packing machine, filter dust return,
as well as the conveyance of hot ash.
The Claudius Peters Jet Feeder range
Jet feeders can be supplied with a variety of
sizes and designs, depending upon the
operating conditions. Pipe diameters can be
NN 65 to DN 150.

Cross section of jet feeder.

15

Claudius Peters Projects GmbH

Claudius Peters Technologies SAS

Schanzenstrae 40

34 Avenue de Suisse

DE-21614 Buxtehude, Germany

F-68316 Illzach, France

T: +49 4161 706-0

T: +33 3 89 31 33 00

E: projects@claudiuspeters.com

E: technologiesSAS@claudiuspeters.com

CALCINING

Claudius Peters (do Brasil) Ltda.

Rua das Figueiras, 474 - 3 andar - Edifcio
Eiffel - Bairro Jardim - 09080-300 - Santo
Andr / SP, Brazil
T: +55 (11) 4903 9230
E: brasil@claudiuspeters.com

COOLING
DISPATCH
DOSING
DRY BLENDING
DRYING
GRINDING
PACKING
PNEUMATIC CONVEYING
PULVERIZED FUEL SUPPLY
SILO SYSTEMS
STOCKYARD SYSTEMS
ALUMINA HANDLING SYSTEMS
MARINE POWDER HANDLING
TURNKEY PROJECTS

Claudius Peters (China) Ltd.

Unit 1706-1706,
17/F Laws Commercial Plaza,
788 Cheung Sha Wan Road,
Lai Chi Kok, Kowloon, Hong Kong
T: +852 2544 1848
E: hongkong@claudiuspeters.com
Branch Office:
7/F, Office Block, Hong Kong Macau Centre,
No. 2 Chaoyangmen Bei Da Jie,
Beijing 100027, P. R. China
T: +86 10 6501 3831
E: beijing@claudiuspeters.com
Claudius Peters (India) Pvt. Ltd.
Unit 408, 4th Floor, Peninsula Plaza,
A/16 Fun Republic Lane, Off Link Road,
Andheri West, Mumbai 400 053, India
T: +91 (22) 2674 0045
E: india@claudiuspeters.com
Claudius Peters (Italiana) srl
Via Verdi 2, I-24121 Bergamo, Italy
T: +39 0 35 237 196
E: italiana@claudiuspeters.com

Claudius Peters (Romnia) S.R.L.

Str. Oituz Nr. 25C, et 2, 550337 Sibiu,
Romnia
T: +40 (0) 369 407 036
E: romania@claudiuspeters.com
Claudius Peters (Asia Pacific) Pte. Ltd.
25 International Business Park,
#01-65/66 German Centre,
Singapore 609916
T: +65 6562 9100
E: asiapacific@claudiuspeters.com
Claudius Peters (Ibrica) S.A.
Paseo de la Habana, 202 Bis Bj,
E-28036 Madrid, Spain
T: +34 91 413 36 16
E: iberica@claudiuspeters.com
Claudius Peters (UK) Ltd.
Unit 10, Thatcham Business Village,
Colthrop Way, Thatcham, Berkshire,
RG19 4LW, United Kingdom
T: +44 (0) 1635 872139
E: uk@claudiuspeters.com
Claudius Peters (Americas) Inc.
445 West Bush Turnpike, Richardson,
Texas 75080, USA
T: +1 972 386 4451
E: usa@claudiuspeters.com

We know how
claudiuspeters.com
CP Pneumatic Conveying Technik (GB) 08/2014 / Issue 1. Due to a policy of continued improvement, we reserve
the right to change any specification without prior notice. ERRORS & OMISSIONS EXCEPTED.
Printed on a Manroland R700 press.