IRC:83-2014

(Pt. IV)

STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
AND
CODE OF PRACTICE
FOR
ROAD BRIDGES
SECTION - IX
BEARINGS

(SPHERICAL AND CYLINDRICAL)

PART

IV

73

INDIAN

ROADS CONGRESS
2014

Digitized by the Internet Archive

in

2014

https://archive.org/details/govlawircy201483

IRC:83-2014

(Pt. IV)

STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
AND
CODE OF PRACTICE
FOR
ROAD BRIDGES
SECTION -IX

BEARINGS

(SPHERICAL AND CYLINDRICAL)

PART

IV

Published by:

INDIAN

ROADS CONGRESS
Kama

Koti

Marg,

Sector-6, R.K. Puram,

New

Delhi-110 022

August, 2014

Price

(Plus Packing

^ 600/-

& Postage)

IRC:83-2014

First

(Pt. IV)

Published

(All

August, 2014

Rights Reserved.

No part of this publication

translated or transmitted in

shall

be reproduced,

any form or by any means without the

permission of the Indian Roads Congress)

Printed by India Offset Press, Delhi-110064

1000 Copies

IRC:83-2014(Pt.

IV)

Contents
Page No
Personnel of the Bridges Specifications and Standards Committee

Introduction

.1

1.

Scope

2.

Definition of Product

3.

Terms

4.

Material Specification

5.

Design Requirements

11

6.

Manufacturing

24

7.

Acceptance, Certification and Marking

29

8.

Packaging, Transport and Storage

34

9.

of

and Intended Use

Reference and Symbols

Aspects Related

to

Bearing Performance and Installation

35

ANNEXURES
Annexure-A

Properties of

(PTFE

or

Low

39

Friction Thermo-plastic Sliding Material

UHMWPE)

Annexure-B

Properties of Composite Material for Secondary Sliding Surfaces

40

Annexure-C

Bridge Bearing Design Questionnaire Form

42

Annexure-D

Ferroxyl Test for Hard

Annexure-E

Bearings Anchorage Design Rules

46

Annexure-F

Check

49

for Permissible

Chromium

Plating

Stresses on the Adjacent Concrete Structure

44

IRC:83-2014

(Pt. IV)

PERSONNEL OF THE BRIDGES SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS COMMITTEE

(As on
1

2.

January, 2014)

Kandasamy, C.
(Convenor

Director General (RD) & Spl. Secy, to Govt, of India, Ministry of Road
Transport and Highways, Transport Bhavan, New Delhi

Patankar, V.L.

Addl.

Director General, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways

Transport Bhavan, New Delhi

(Co-Convenor)
3.

6*''

Pathak, A.P.

Chief Engineer (B) S&R, (Ministry of Road Transport

(Member-Secretary

Transport Bhavan,

New

& Highways,

Delhi

Members
CPWD

4.

Agrawal, K.N.

DG(W),

5.

Alimchandani, C.R.

Chairman & Managing

Director,

6.

Arora, H.C.

Chief Engineer (Retd.)

MORTH, New

7.

Bagish, Dr. B.P.

C-2/2013, Vasant Kunj, 0pp. D.P.S.

8.

Bandyopadhyay,

Dr. N.

9.

Bandyopadhyay,

Dr.

TK.

Director,

(Retd.)

Ghaziabad

Stup Consultants (P)

STUP

Consultants (P)

New

Delhi

Delhi

INSDAG, Kolkata

Joint Director General (Retd.)

10.

Banerjee, A.K.

Chief Engineer (Retd.)

MoRT&H, New

Delhi

11.

Banerjee, TB.

Chief Engineer (Retd.)

MoRT&H, New

Delhi

12.

Basa.Ashok

Director (Tech.) B. Engineers

13.

Bhasin,

14.

Bhowmick, Alok

RC.

ADG

(B), (Retd.),

Managing

&

Builders Ltd.,

MoRT&H, New

Director,

&

Bridge

Mumbai

Delhi

New

Ltd.

Ltd.,

Bhubaneswar

Delhi

Structural Engg. Consultants (P) Ltd.,

'

Noida

Mumbai

15.

Bongirwar, P.L.

Advisor, L&T,

16.

Dhodapkar, A.N.

Chief Engineer (Retd.)

17.

Ghoshal,A.

Director

18.

Joglekar, S.G.

Vice President,

19.

KandC.V.

Chief Engineer (Retd.), MP,

20.

Koshi, Ninan

DG(RD) & Addl.

21.

Kumar, Ashok

Chief Enginee (Retd.),

22.

Kumar, Prafulla

DG

23.

Kumar, Vijay

E-in-Chief (Retd.) UP,

24.

Manjure,

Director, Freyssinet Prestressed

25.

Mukherjee, M.K.

Chief Engineer (Retd.)

26.

Nagpal,A.K.

Prof. NT,

27.

Narain,A.D.

DG

28.

Ninan, R.S.

Chief Engineer (Retd.)

29.

Pandey, R.K.

Chief Engineer (Planning),

P.Y.

MoRT&H, New

and Vice President,

(RD) & AS,

New

STUP

STUP

Consultants (P)

Consultants (P)

PWD

Secy., (Retd)

Delhi

Ltd.

MOST New

Delhi

Delhi

New

Delhi

(Retd.)

Mumbai

Bhopal

MoRT&H, New

MoRT&H

PWD,
Concrete Co. Mumbai

MoRT&H, New

Delhi

Delhi

(RD) & AS,

New

Delhi

MoRT&H New

Delhi

MoRT&H

Ltd.

(Retd.)

MoRT&H, New

Delhi

Kolkata

IRC:83-2014(Pt.

30.

IV)

Dr. (Mrs.)

Raizada, Pratap S.

Vice President (Corporate

32.

Rao,

A-181, Sarita Vihar,

33.

Roy, Dr. B.C.

M.V.B.

New

Affairs).

Gammon

Delh

tZXeCUllVc UirtJUlUi OUllbUUllId L/UtlbUlldllCy \r) LIU. iviurnDdi

ur. o.r.

Sharan, G.

DG

36.

Sharma, R.S.

Chief Engineer (Retd.)

MoRT&H, New

37.

Sinha, N.K.

DG(RD) & SS,

MoRT&H New

38.

Subbarao,

lanuon, ividnebn rroT.

1

ridriUdVdri, r\.D.

41.

Velayutham,

42.

Viswanathan,

43.

The Executive

44.

The

Director

(RD) &

Spl.

Secy

(Retd.)

(Retd.)

Harshavardhan Chairman & Managing

Dr.

iviui

/in

ividiidgiiig uireciur,

DG

Director (B&S)

and Head,

Delhi

Delhi

Construma Consultancy

idiiuuri ooiisuiidnis \r)

ciigiricci ^iNciu.j iviurs

(RD) &

SS

(Retd.)

Delhi

Vasant Kunj ,New Delhi

RDSO, Lucknow
(Civil

Engg.), Bureau of Indian Standards,

1.

Raina, Dr. V.K.

Consultant (W.B.)

2.

Singh, R.B.

Director, Projects Consulting India (P) Ltd.

Ex-Officio
President,

IRC &

Director General

New

Delhi

New

Delhi

Members

(Kandasamy, C), Ministry of Road Transport and

(Road

Highways,

New

Delhi

Development) & Special

Secretary
2.

Secretary General

(P)

na.,iNew ueini

n, i\cw ueini

MoRT&H, New

7046, Sector B, Pocket 10

T.

Director,

Dellhi

lUdi

(w'liici

V.

MoRT&H, New

Corresponding Members

1.

(Pvt.]

ourgaon

35.

oy

India Ltd. iVlumbai

Senior Executive Director, M/s. Consulting Engg. Services India

Lia.

oana,

Delhi

Lakshmy

31.

Dr.

New

Chief Scientist (BAS), CRRI,

Parameswaran,

(Prasad, Vishnu Shankar), Indian

New

Delhi

Roads Congress,

Ltd

IRC:83-2014

(Pt. IV)

STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS AND CODE OF PRACTICE FOR

ROAD BRIDGES SECTION - IX BEARINGS
PART IV (SPHERICAL AND CYLINDRICAL)
-

INTRODUCTION
The Bearings, Joints and Appurtenances Committee
was constituted in 2011 with the following personnel:

(B-6) of the Indian

Sharan, G.

Convenor

Pandey, R.K.

Co-Convenor

Gaharwar,

Member-Secretary

Dr. S.S.

Roads Congress

Members
Banerjee, A.K.

Kumar, Ashok

Bagish, Dr. B.R

Majumdar, S

Datta, R.K.

Mitra, Dr. A.J.

Deshpande,

Ninan, R.S.

V.P.

Gupta, Vinay

Ghosh,

Prof.

Patankar, V.L.

Achyut

Pandey, A.K.

Gupta, D.K.

Prakash, Suraj

Gupta, Ujjwal

Rao,

Jambekar, A.R.

Rathore, Jitendra

Khaira, V.S.

Sharma, D.D.

Kurian, Jose

Singh, B.N.

(Rep. of

Dr.

M.V.B.

RDSO, Lucknow)
Invitee

Gupta, A.K.

Manjure,

Ghosh,

Panja,

S.

Ex-officio
President,

Members
(Kandasamy, C), Ministry of Road

IRC &

Director General

P.Y.

Transport and Highways,

(Road

New

Delhi

Development) & Special

Secretary
(Prasad, Vishnu Shankar),

Secretary General

Indian

Roads Congress, New

Delhi

IRC:83-2014(Pt.

IV)

Shri Jitendra Rathore prepared the

The

initial

was discussed

draft

IRC:83-2014 (Part

IV),

in

draft with the active

initial

support of Shri S. Mazumdar.

The final draft of

for Road Bridges",

the meetings of the B-6 Committee.

"Standard Specifications and

Section IX Bearings (Spherical and Cylindrical),

Code

of Practice

was discussed and approved by the Bearings,

and Appurtenances Committee (B-6) held on SO**" November, 2013 for placing it in
the Bridges Specifications and Standards Committee (BSS). The Bridges Specifications and
Standards Committee (BSS) approved this document in its meeting held on 6*^ January, 2014.
Joints

The Executive Committee in its meeting held on 9'^ January, 2014 approved this document.
Finally, the document was considered by IRC Council in their 201^' meeting held on 19'^
January, 2014 at Guwahati (Assam), and approved the document for publishing.

Code deals

This

installation

of this

with the requirements for the materials, design, manufacture, testing,

and maintenance

code are meant

mere compliance
any way of their

SCOPE

to

of Spherical

and

Cylindrical Bearings for Bridges.

The

provisions

serve as a guide to both design and construction engineers, but

with the provisions stipulated herein

responsibility for the

will

not relieve the manufacturer

performance and soundness of the product

in

in

the

structure.

The

provisions of this code shall apply for operating temperature between

+ 50 Service

life

50 years with

UHMWPE.

15C and

depends on the condition of rotation and translation

movements posed by the Structure on Bearings. The provisions made in this code are
based on an assumed working life of the Spherical Bearing upto 30 years with PTFE and of
of Spherical Bearings

Bearings which are subjected to Tensile Loads are beyond the scope of this code as requiring
special arrangement/configuration. Established

codes and Specifications woridwide may

please be referred for such Bearings. However

this specification

guide for general purpose

in

may be

considered as a

'

such cases.

Spherical and Cylindrical Bearings with an included angle (20) greater than 60 and 75

beyond the scope

respectively are

of this code. In

no case the radius of curvature

shall

be

less than the projected diameter of the Spherical curved sliding surface.
Sliding surfaces with a diameter of the circumscribing circle less than
1

500

mm are beyond the scope of this code.

75

mm or greater than

For cases of bearing application requiring larger

diameter of the sliding surface, established codes. Specifications and approval documents

woridwide
incl.

may

please be referred. The recommendations of such document for

all

aspects

design, material, manufacturing and tolerances and testing and acceptance shall then

be applicable

in

addition to this specification which

such cases.

may

well

be considered as a guide

to

IRC:83-2014

(Pt. IV)

and Cylindrical Bearings for use as temporary devices during

construction, for example during launching of the super-structure, are also beyond the scope
of this code. However, this specification may well be considered as a guide to these cases.
Spherical

Bearings

2 DEFINITION
2.1

OF PRODUCT AND INTENDED USE

Definition of the Product

Spherical Bearing

The Spherical Bearing consists

backing plates with a low

concave and convex steel spherical

between thereby permitting rotation by

of a pair of matching

friction sliding interface in

shown in Fig. 1. For the purpose of providing the movement ability, the
bearings may be combined with flat sliding elements, guides and restraining rings as shown
in-curve sliding as

in

Fig. 2.

Fixed by sliding surface

Fig.

Spherical Bearing

c)

d)

Key
any

a)

free for displacements

b)

internally

c)

externally guided for displacement

d)

fixed by a restraining ring

Fig.

in

direction

guided for displacement

in

in

one
one

direction
direction

2 Spherical Bearings Combined with Flat Sliding Elements

IRC:83-2014

(Pt. IV)

Cylindrical Bearing

The

Cylindrical Bearing consists of a

a low

friction sliding

concave

surface to provide

friction

backing plate affixed with

less sliding against the matching convex

cylindrical metal

in

from another plate as shown in Fig. 3. Cylindrical Bearings are also used
combination with flat sliding elements and guides to form free or guided bearings as shown

in

Fig. 4.

cylindrical surface

a)

b)

Key
a)
b)

end stoppers and sliding surface

without end stoppers for displacements in y
fixed by

Fig.

direction

3 Cylindrical Beahngs

c)

Key
free for displacements

b)

guided by an internal guide for displacements

c)

guided by external guides for displacements

Fig.

2.2

any

a)

in

direction

4 Cylindrical Bearings Combined with

in

in

x direction

x direction

Flat Sliding

Elements

Intended Use

Spherical Bearings are suitable for

all

types of structures especially for long span and

continuous structures, Cable Stay and Suspension Bridges with relatively large and repetitive
rotation

and

caused by variable loads, and for superstructures that

bearings, e.g. in case of Road cum Railway Bridges.

translation requirements

induce fast sliding displacements

in

IRC:83-2014(Pt.

Terms and

3.1

IV)

TERMS OF REFERENCE AND SYMBOLS

Definition

Base Plate
Top and Bottom Steel Plates of the Bearing Assembly interfaced with the structure
Concrete/Steel member.

Backing Plate
Steel Plates confining the low friction sliding material like

PTFE/UHMWPE,

etc.

Guides
Metallic projection from the

Top Plate getting locked with the adjacent

vice versa thereby restraining the

movement

of the Bearing

in

steel

component

or

the direction perpendicular to

that.

Mating Surface
curved hard smooth surface of stainless

Flat or

against the

PTFE

steel, polished steel or

chrome

plated sliding

or other low friction sliding material.

Sliding Surface

PTFE

or

UHMWPE

low

thermoplastic material mounted on

friction

flat

or curved backing

plate providing low friction sliding to the mating surface.

Sliding Interface

Combination

of

Mating

and

Sliding

Surfaces

providing

relative

low

friction

sliding

displacement.

Approval Documents

The

e.g.

ETA,

FHWA or similar

documents acceptable under

code

be that from International

reputed approving bodies having proven experience of research and Testing in the field
of Structural Bearings and covering within the approval document all aspects incl. design,
material, manufacturing, tolerances and acceptance. Isolated approvals or qualification of
special approval

this

components separately that proposed to be used

as approval document referred in this specification.

individual

treated
3.2

shall

inside the Bearing shall not

be

Notations and Symbols

The commonly used notations and symbols are defined here below. These notations and
symbols uniquely or in combination used in the expressions in further clauses of this code
are also defined at the places of their occurrence:

Notations

geometrical area of

flat

sliding surface or projected

area of the curved sliding

surface/specified cross sectional area of the bolt

effective

weld size

in

mm

(taking

in

account throat thickness)

IRC:83-2014(Pt.

IV)

minor side of the backing plate

Ap

compressed (un-deformed)

sliding surface

reduced contact area of the

= A.

sliding

under load

surface expressed

by the expression,

;^

distance

elevation)

(in

between the sliding surface and x-section under consideration

(refer Fig. 5)

b^

major side of the backing plate

width of sliding surface

width of guide bar

distance

(in

plan)

between the

and the centre of the

0,

(PTFE/UHMWPE/others)

strip

interface resisting/transferring the horizontal force

sliding surface (refer Fig. 8)

clearance between secondary sliding surface (guides)

diameter of the backing plate

Dj

internal dia of the restraining ring

eccentricity

short term static

modulus

of elasticity of concrete

modulus

of elasticity of concrete, for

Eg

modulus

of elasticity of steel

strength
characteristic

i.e.

i.

permanent load

210000.00

5000 V

e.

effects

f^^

i.e.

0.5 E^

MPa

compressive strength of Sliding Surface

(PTFE/UHMWPE)

\^

specified min. tensile strength of the material

fy

specified min. yield strength of the material

projection of the flat/concave Sliding Surface

hf^

force lever

arm

for restraining ring in fixed bearing (refer Fig. 6)

h^

force lever

arm

for

h^^

depth of the restraining ring

reduction factor to reduce creep effects

diameter of the flat/projected diameter of the concave sliding surface

Lq

reference diameter = 300

L_.

length of rocker strip

Lg

length of Sliding surface strip

guide bars

in

above the recess

Guided Bearing

in

(refer Fig. 8)

sliding surface

mm
(PTFE/UHMWPE/others)

length of guide bar

IRC:83-2014

number

vertical load

radius of curvature of the curved sliding surface

R^^

radius of curvature of the contact surface with the restraining ring

of bolts

radius of curvature of the rocker strip contact surface with the bottom
t

thickness

t^

thickness of the backing plate

\.\

equivalent constant thickness for concave backing plate

t^^

thickness of the restraining ring

force free perimeter of

horizontal force

PTFE/UHMWPE

design value of anchorage

total

(Pt. IV)

(bolt)

component

free to bulge

resistance

in

shear

resistance to sliding that including the anchorage strength and frictional

resistance

Suffixes

PTFE

UHMWPE

backing plate

design value of

movement

at Strength/Ultimate

design value of

movement

at Characteristic/fundamental/Service

sd

design value of load/force at Strength/Ultimate (ULS) condition

sk

design value of load/force at Characteristic/fundamental/Service (SLS) condition

longitudinal axis

transverse axis

xy

resultant

(Polytetrafluoroethylene)
(Ultra

High Molecular Weight Polyethylene)

(ULS) condition
(SLS) condition

Symbols
a

design rotation

maximum

design rotation

in

ULS

(3

angle between the vertical and the resultant applied horizontal load

Co-relation factor for Welds, to be taken as 0.9

half included

angle of the curved sliding surface

partial safety factor

IRC:83-2014

(Pt. IV)

partial safety factor for sliding

y^^
|j

co-efficient of friction

[i^^

co-efficient of friction for

co-efficient of friction

secondary

sliding surface

between the bearing and substrate, 0.4

for steel

on

steel

and

0.6 for steel on concrete

pressure due to vertical load

maximum average
X

coefficient

Az

maximum

used

to

contact stress permitted on the sliding surface

work out reduced contact Area, Ar

deviation of plane or curved sliding surface from theoretical surface

Abbreviations
avg.

average

max.

maximum

min.

minimum

perm.

design permanent load/force

PTFE

Poly tetra fluoro ethylene

UHMWPE Ultra

High Molecular Weight Poly ethylene

ETA

European Technical Approval

FHWA

Federal Highway Administration

4 iVIATERIAL SPECIFICATION
4.1

Steel

components shall be rolled steel in accordance with IS:2062 Grade

E350 min. or cast steel in accordance with IS: 1030 Grade 340-570W except for calotte which
shall be only fine grain rolled steel conforming to !S:2062 Grade E 350 or above. Stainless
Steel if used in special cases for the Bearing main components including backing plates for
flat and curved sliding interfaces shall be in accordance with AISI 304 or Duplex Steel (UNS
S32205) of ASTM A240. Equivalent or superior grades as per other national and international
specification with proven performance and suitability to application requirements shall also
be acceptable. Steel for Dowels etc. shall be rolled steel in accordance with IS:2062 Grade
E250 B min.
Steel for bearing main

4.2

The

Low

Friction Thermo-Plastic Sliding Material

(PTFE or

UHMWPE)

material shall be either pure polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), free sintered, without

regenerated materials and fillers or Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE)
having high material strength and low frictional properties. The pattern of dimples shall be as
8

IRC:83-2014

described

Annexure-A

be recessed

shall

Use

in

"Properties of

Friction Sliding Material".

The

sliding surface

the metal backing plate compulsorily.

in

(UHMWPE)

of Modified sliding material

PTFE combined

Low

(Pt. IV)

with

having

frictional properties

enhanced load bearing capacity and

ability to

superior to that of

provide high velocity

can be considered for both Primary (flat or curved)

interfaces. However, this shall be subject to the availability

displacement with longer service

life

and secondary (guides) sliding

of approval documents from International approving bodies like ETA, FHWA or similar,
acceptance by other Leading International Specifications, references of its usage in the
Bearings application, satisfactory and proven test and performance records etc.

Reduction Factor,

4.3

(k) to

Reduce Creep

Effects

compressive strengths of PTFE/UHMWPE are given in Table 1 and

valid for effective bearing temperatures upto 30C for PTFE and 35C for UHMWPE. For
bearings exposed to a maximum effective bearing temperature in excess of above mentioned
respective values, the aforementioned values shall be reduced by 2 percent per degree above
30C/35C in order to reduce creep effects of the PTFE/UHMWPE respectively.

The

characteristic

Table
Material

Characteristic Compressive Strength

of Sliding Materials

Loading Condition

Application Condition

Main Bearing Surface

(f^)

f,

(MPa)

Permanent and Variable Loads

90

Variable Loads

90

Temperature, Shrinkage and Creep

30

Permanent Loads

10

PTFE
Guides

Main Bearing Surface

UHMWPE
Guides

Permanent and Variable Loads

180

Variable Loads

180

Permanent Loads,
Effects of Temperature, Shrinkage

60

and Creep

CM1

Guides

Permanent and Variable Loads

200

CM2

Guides

Permanent and Variable Loads

120

Stainless Steel

4.4

accordance with AISI 31 6L or

Ofir^^H\^J\Ao^ of IS:6911. The Stainless Steel sheet shall be attached to its backing plate
either by bonding, counter screwing or by continuous fillet weld.
Stainless

Steel

the

for

Sliding

Interface

shall

be

in

The thickness of the Stainless steel sheet shall be 1 .5 mm if attached by bonding, minimum
1.5 mm or above if attached by continuous fillet weld and min. 2.5 mm when affixed by
counter screwing.

Surface roughness

accordance with

Care

shall

(Ry^.)

of the polished Stainless Steel sheet shall not

exceed

pm

in

EN ISO 4287

be taken

plate over the area

to

ensure that the Stainless steel sheet

which

will

be

in

is fully in

contact with the backing

contact with the sliding surface. To avoid the danger of air

IRC:83-2014

entrapment,

(Pt. IV)

releasing spots of

air

mm

max 10

length on two opposite sides

while attaching the stainless steel sheet to the backing plate by continuous

When

may be

provided

weld.

fillet

attaching the Stainless steel sheet by counter screwing, corrosion resistant fasteners

compatible with the Stainless steel sheet shall be used for securing its edges. They shall be
provided at all corners and along the edges outside the area of contact with the sliding surface

maximum

with the

mm

spacing limited to 300

Intermediate and 50

mm at the edges.

Hard Chromium Plated Surfaces

4.5

curved surface of the convex steel plate mating with concave sliding surface shall
be hard chromium plated. Hard chromium plating and the surface of its base shall be free
from surface porosity, shrinkage cracks and inclusions. Small defects may be repaired e.g.

The

entire

by pinning

prior to hard

The thickness

chromium

of the hard

plating.

chromium

roughness of the plated surface

be

plating shall

shall not

exceed 3

at least

pm and

the

final

surface

|jm.

may be

Both the base material and hard chromium plating

100

polished to achieve the finish less

than the specified surface roughness.

4.6

iViateriai

Combinations

The permissible combination

and mating surfaces) to be used for

The sliding surface shall be lubricated in

of the materials (sliding

be as given
accordance with Clause 4.8.
sliding interfaces shall

in

Table

Table 2 Permissible Combination of

2.

IVlaterials for

Permanent Applications as

Sliding Interfaces for Spherical Bearings

Guides

Curved Surface

Plane Surface

PTFE/UHIVIWPE

Stainless steel

PTFE/UHMWPE

Stainless

PTFE/UHMWPE

(dimpled)

Steel

(dimpled)

Hard chromium

plating

Aluminium Alloy*

Composite Material Stainless

(CM1 and CM2)

Steel

aluminium alloy is permitted as mating surface for curved sliding interface only. The
be AI-Mg6M or AI=Si7MgTF in accordance with the requirements of ISO 3522 or as
covered in the special approval documents like ETA, FHWA or simillar.

Use

of

alloy shall

Composite Material

4.7

As an

alternative for strips

properties as per

4.8

in

guides, the composite material of type

Annexure-B can

having

also be used.

Lubricant

The Lubricant

shall

sliding material

and

be such that
its

it

reduce the

frictional

18:14383

resistance and

wear

of the low friction

properties shall be retained through service range of temperature.

properties of the lubricant shall be as described

listed in

CM1 and CM2

shall also

be referred.

10

in

Table

3.

The

For Silicon Grease, properties

IRC:83-2014(Pt.

IV)

Table 3 Physical and Chemical Properties of Lubricants

Testing Standard

Properties

Worked

penetration

Dropping point
Oil

Oxidation
after

resistance

ISO 2137

26.5 to 29.5

ISO 2176

> 180C

Annex G

Separation after 24 h at 100C

Requirements

of

Eurocode EN 1337-2:2003

Pressure drop Annex H of Eurocode

EN 1337-2:2003

mm

< 3 percent (mass)

<0.1

MPa

100h 160C

Pour-point of base

4.9

ISO 3016

oil

Below

60C

Anchoring Arrangement

arrangement by way of Bolts passing through Bearing component and

anchored to Dowels/Headed Stud connectors/Steel distribution plates shall be adopted for
all Bearings. Bolts to be used for anchoring of the Bearings shall be of property class 8.8 or
10.9 in accordance with IS: 1367. Steel for Dowels shall be rolled steel in accordance with
IS:2062 Grade E250 min. Shear stud material to conform group SD1/SD2 of ISO 13918. For
anchorage design, refer to Clause 5.7.
Positive anchoring

4.10

Corrosion Protection

The corrosion protection of the exposed steel surfaces including backing, intermediate plates
and welding zone etc. shall be achieved by a protective coating system in accordance with
the established specifications e.g. ISO 12944.
be protected from general environmental factors,
the protective system shall be designed for the durability "high" of more than 15 years in
accordance with ISO 12944-5:2007 Clause 5.5 for corrosivity category C4.
For applications

in

interior locations to

For locations which are more prone to corrosion e.g. applications in coastal or industrial
areas, the protective coating system on the bearing shall be considered for the durability
"very high" of

accordance with ISO 12944-5:2007 Clause 5.5 for

= Industrial) for inland locations and C5-M (M = Marine) for seaside

more than 15 years

corrosivity category 05-1

(I

in

locations.

Areas of Steel Components not exposed to outside i.e. in contact with or getting embedded
inside the concrete need not be applied with full corrosion protection system. A zinc rich
primer coat giving a total DFT of 50 microns min. shall deemed be adequate on such
surfaces.

Adequate corrosion protection is very important for the performance and service life of
bearings. The condition of corrosion protection shall be carefully inspected during the regular
maintenance inspection. If corrosion is detected on any part of exterior exposed steel surface,
the affected portion shall be Wire brushed to clean the rust and protective coating shall be
re-applied immediately.

5
5.1

DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

General

Loads, forces,

movements and

rotation to

be considered

in

designing the bearings shall be

determined by global analysis of the structure with idealized boundary condition under the
11

IRC:83-2014

critical

(Pt. IV)

due to friction at the sliding interface of

the boundary conditions. However, induced force

load combination that can co-exist. Resistance

the bearing shall be ignored for idealizing

generated due

to friction at sliding interface shall

be considered

in

the design of bearings and

adjacent (supported/supporting) structures.

For deriving the bearings design values for both

and factors

shall

SLS and ULS

be taken from IRC:6 or other relevant available specification as deemed

movement data

necessary. Co-existing values of loads, forces and

shall

be furnished

for both Service

the format given

in

5.2

Rotation Capability

in

and Ultimate

Annexure-C

separately

all

rotation conditions

and convex component or any other

for

design of bearings

each type of bearings

Limit state condition for

"Bridge Bearing Design Questionnaire Form".

The Hard Chromium Plated convex mating surface

surface under

Conditions. Load combinations

and there
metallic

shall

shall fully

cover the concave sliding

be no contact (seizure) of concave

component

of the Bearings

under

full

design

rotation.

For the verification of the above conditions, the nominated design rotation value shall be
increased by 0.005 radians or 10/r radians, whichever

greater.

flat sliding

surface

Displacement Capacity

5.3

The

is

stainless steel mating surface shall cover the

fully

under max. design

displacement and shall not cease or become unstable before providing the

full

design

displacement.

movement requirement
movement with a min. total movement

For the verification of the above conditions, the nominated design

shall

of

be increased by 20

50

mm

mm

in

both directions of

bridge longitudinal direction and 25

in

mm

in

the bridge lateral direction unless

restrained by guides.
Note:- The increase

and movement requirements as stated above shall however be

applicable only for the purpose of calculating the practical rotational clearances between the
components and movement capabilities without ceasing or failure and shall not be considered
while calculating the stresses/applying design checks for rotation and movement ability of the
in

rotation

bearing.

Design Verification for Curved Sliding Surfaces

5.4

When

dimensioning sliding surfaces, the resultant of the co-existing active and induced

horizontal forces generated

The capacity

due

to sliding friction shall

be considered.

of the Bearings restraint only by virtue of curvature of the sliding surface

without restraining rings or external guides (reference Figs.

for stability

and separation against the Horizontal

12

forces.

1,

2a and 2b)

shall

i.e.

be checked

IRC:83-2014(Pt.

IV)

Key
1

Projected Area of the Curved Sliding Surface

Fig.

The capacity

5 Verification Sclieme for the Curved Sliding Surface (Example)

shown

of the curved sliding surface as

in

Fig. 5 for resisting the horizontal

forces shall be checked by the following expression:

V
in

xy.sk

<TTxr2xo ss

X sin^

(0
^

-6
~

a^)
d'

S
x sin ~

which
(3 = tan-^ (V
,
~
^
xy.sk

N sk.perm')
,

e = sin-1 (L/2r)

where,

resultant horizontal force

xy,sk

in

SLS

projected diameter of the Sliding Surface perpendicular to the rotation

axis

N sk.perm

permanent

vertical load in

SLS

radius of curvature of the curved sliding surface

angle between the vertical and the resultant applied load

maximum

design rotation

in

ULS

subtended semi-angle of the curved

maximum average
o ss =

f^
k

sliding surface

contact stress permitted on the sliding surface

i.e.

X k/ym
'

where,

ym

f^

is

1.4

the characteristic value of compressive strength according to Table

13

and

IRC:83-2014

(Pt. IV)

Note:
If

is

the reduction factor to reduce creep effects as described

The above check

is

only applicable

this condition is not satisfied

i.

e.

if

the condition (9 -

(3

a)

is

in

positive value

the curvature of the sliding surface

is

Clause 4.3
i.e.

>

inadequate

0.

to resist

the resultant horizontal forces, the fixed and guided bearing shall be designed compulsorily
with the steel restraining rings

Vice-a-versa, this check shall

and external guides respectively (reference Figs. 2c and 2d).

not be applicable for Bearings those restrained against base.

Even if the capacity of the Bearings curved sliding surface alone satisfies the check for stability
and separation against the Horizontal forces. It is recommended to design the bearing with
the steel restraining ring/external guides for additional safety against separation and sliding
off

under unforeseen conditions

Fig.

5.4.1

6 and

(refer Figs.

6 Arrangement of Restraining Ring

in

8).

Fixed Spherical Bearing (Typical)

Restraining rings

For design and verification of the steel restraining ring capacity to withstand the effect of
applied horizontal forces, following design rules shall be followed:
5.4.1.1

Direct tensile stress, (o^J in

<
rr

5.4.1.2

Bending

where

f/y

.25

"'rr

Shear stress, (T^J

1.5

5.4.1.3

"

restraining ring cross-section shall satisfy:

tine

at restraining ring

xV.xy,sd

stress, (a^

<

/V3

xy
'

and base

where

D, X t,^

ym

=1.0

'

at restraining ring

l-5xV^y,d xhfi

interface shall satisfy:

and base

interface shall satisfy:

x6
<
~

f/y
m
y
'

14

where

=1.0

IRC:83-2014(Pt.

Direct tensile stress, (a^^J in

5.4.1.4

V
n
Base

5.4.1.5

plate

tfie

restraining ring

base plate

IV)

shall satisfy:

Where

Vlr.
m
V
y
'
'

when connected

to the full

(within)

y m = 1.25
'

depth restraining ring by

full

penetration butt weld (refer Fig. 7a) shall satisfy:

'

Base

5.4.1.6

plate

^^^''^

<

f/y

when connected

where

,^,.

(within) to the full

=1.25

depth restraining ring by partial

penetration butt weld (refer Fig. 7b) shall satisfy:

^''^'''^

Restraining ring

5.4.1.7
.

xVSxy m

< f/p

u
w

wherey m =1.25
'

'

'

D; X a

when connected

to the

Base

plate (surface)

f/pxVSxy

<

weld

(refer

wherey =1.25

Since the welded connection requires high degree of workmanship,

welded option of Restraining Rings

to EN 1090-2/ISO 3834-2/AISC.
5.4.1.8

fillet

Fig. 7c) shall satisfy:

^^^^
Note:

by

shall only

be adopted by manufacturers

The interface of the bottom component

radius to

skill

and

precision.

certified

The

according

be provided in
uniformly transfer the Horizontal Forces without causing the edge
with the restraining ring shall

concentration.

xy,sd

l^^RrrxD xf/

<

Es X

5.4.1.9

Wherey =1.0

'

rn

y,^

Effective width of the contact surface (we) shall

be calculated by the following

expression

we > 3.04xV{(1.5xV^3,xRJ/(E^xQ)}
also,

> we +

max,a^ X

D.)

where,
V^y^^ Resultant acting Horizontal
D.

'

Force

in

Internal dia of the Restraining Ring in

mm

Outer dia of the Restraining Ring base plate

in

mm

mm

t^_.

Thickness of the Restraining Ring

{^^^

Thickness of the Restraining Ring base plate

effective

R^^

Radius of curvature of the contact surface with the Restraining Ring

weld size

in

mm

(taking

15

in

in

in

mm

account throat thickness)

IRC:83-2014

(Pt. IV)

Distance between the point of force application and the Restraining Ring

Base

in

mm

Depth of the Restraining Ring

Modulus

of Elasticity of Steel

in
i.e.

mm
210000.00

MPa

Specified min. yield strength of the steel material

in

Specified min. tensile strength of the steel material

MPa
in MPa

Co-relation factor for Welds, to be taken as 0.9

Partial factor of

Fig.

5.4.2

The

Safety

7 Types of Weld Connection between Restraining Ring and Base Plate (Typical)

Compressive stress

following conditions shall

sd.max

verification

be

verified

under a fundamental combination of actions:

Ym

where,

N sd

is

the design axial force at ultimate

is

the characteristic value of compressive strength as per Table

partial safety factor for materials.

taken as

1 .4,

Reduction factor as described

reduced contact area of the

contact area for

i.e.

state

The recommended value

of

shall

be

unless stated otherwise

surface

limit

A=

TT

flat sliding

in

Clause 4.3

sliding surface

expressed by the expression,

surface or projected area of the curved sliding

L2/4

is

a coefficient worked out by the expression, X =

is

the reduced contact area of the sliding surface

through which Ng^ acts with the

mechanical and geometrical

- 0.75

whose

total eccentricity e^,

effects.

16

tt

e/L

centroid

which

is

is

the point

caused by both

IRC:83-2014

(Pt. IV)

For the purpose of compressive stress verification the curved sliding surface shall be replaced
by its projection on a plane surface 'L' as shown in Fig. 5.
Eccentricities

5.4.3

and moments acting on the curved sliding surface due to frictional resistance,
externally applied horizontal forces and the rotated condition of the bearing shall be taken
Internal forces

into

account when determining the resulting

The

resulting total eccentricity,

may occur

simultaneously

total eccentricity

of the axial force 'Ng'.

'e^'

be the algebraic sum of the several eccentricities that

a cross-section under consideration.

in

'e^'

shall

Thus,
e^

The

+ e^ (as applicable depending on the condition)

working out the resulting

different eccentricities for

total eccentricity shall

be calculated

as per the expressions below:

Curved

5.4.3.1
In

sliding surfaces

curved surfaces, an internal moment occurs due

resistance. Regardless of whether the bearing has one or two surfaces, the

the presence of rotational

to the frictional

associated eccentricity 'e/

movements

at

is:

e = u
"max

For bearings with sliding surface as given

verification of the bearing

and the structure

per expression given below.

The

Table
which it

in
in

effect of friction at

2,
is

the coefficient of friction p^^^, for

incorporated shall be calculated as

the sliding interface shall not be used to

relieve the effects of externally applied horizontal forces.

a)

Coefficient of friction for

PTFE

For curved sliding interfaces combined with dimpled and lubricated

PTFE

sheets and stainless steel/hard chromium plating, the coefficient of friction

p^g^ is determined as a function of the average pressure Op^p^ [MPa] under
maximum vertical load in ULS condition, as follows:
1.2

0.025 < u
b)

< 0.08

Coefficient of friction for

UHMWPE

'
'
"

For curved sliding interfaces combined with dimpled and lubricated

UHMWPE

sheets and stainless steel/hard chromium plating, the coefficient of friction

under
p^g^ is determined as a function of the average pressure o^^^^p^ [MPa]
maximum vertical load in ULS condition, as follows:
1

=
0.020 < M
^""^^
Notes:
i)

f\

< 0.08
15

+ ay

For zones where the minimum effective bearing temperature doesn't fall below - 5C,
the co-efficient of fhction values for PTFE and UHMWPE sliding surfaces as worked
out from the above expressions may be reduced by 30 percent and 25 percent
respectively.

17

IRC:83-2014(Pt.

case aluminium alloy used as mating surface for curved sliding interface, the stated
and also the actual value worked out from the expression above in a) and b) shall

In

ii)

IV)

limits

be enhanced by a factor of
5.4.3.2

.5.

and

Sliding surfaces witti external guides

restraining rings

For the spherical bearings designed to resist horizontal forces through external guides or
restraining rings, (refer Figs. 2c and d) and not by the curvature of the sliding surface,
rotational

movements produces an

eccentricity

designing of the adjacent structural

members

'e^'

(i.e.

which

be considered in the
pedestal, beam etc) and the anchoring
shall only

devices:
2

V,xy,sd

N sd,max

where,
distance

(in

between the Interface

plan)

resisting/transferring the horizontal

force and the centre of the sliding surface, (refer Fig. 8).
Co-efficient of friction for

Secondary

Bearings and at the restraining ring

in

Sliding surface

case

in

case of Guided

of Fixed Bearing

guides as per Table 2, the coefficient of friction shall be

considered to be independent of contact pressure. The coefficient of friction 'pfr' shall be
For bearings with sliding surface

in

taken from Table 4 below:

Table 4 Co-efficient of Friction (pj for Secondary Sliding Surfaces
Application

Sliding Interface

Guided Bearings
Fixed Bearing

5.4.3.3
In

all

(mJ

SS - PTFE/UHMWPE
SS - Composite Material (CM1/CM2)

0.10

Steel

0.20

0.20

Steel

Rotation

the types of bearings with two sliding surfaces, a rotation angle,

eccentricity

'e^'

of the vertical load

e^ =

on the curved surface which

'a'

produces an

is:

a^.{r+b)

where,
b

distance

(in

elevation)

between the cross-section under consideration and

the sliding surface (refer Fig.

At any rate, eccentricity

Clauses

'e3' shall act in

and

the opposite direction to the eccentricities calculated

in

the

In

the type of bearings equipped with only

5.4.3.1

5).

5.4.3.2.

sliding surface and, furthermore, only

one

when

sliding surface, 'e3'

said sheet

is

occurs only

in

the curved

attached to the convex backing

plate.

5.4.3.4

Lateral forces

Lateral forces acting

on

to the

Bearings are the result from horizontal actions and the

resistance of the other bearings

in

the structure. This eccentricity

18

is

frictional

not applicable for the

IRC:83-2014
curved sliding interface
or restraining rings.

In

in

the bearings

where

lateral forces

(Pt. IV)

are transmitted by external guides

bearings of the fixed type with only one sliding surface or with internal/

central guides, the horizontal load V^^^^

produces an eccentricity

'e^'

which

is:

sd,max

Additional eccentricity due to horizontal force bending

moment

5. 4. 3.

In all

cases, as the lines of application of lateral action and reaction are not coincident, the

resulting couple (force lever

arm) causes an eccentricity that

shall

be additionally taken

into

account.

Separation of sliding surface

5.4.4

With the exception of guides,

UHMWPE

shall

it

be

verified that the

> 0 under SLS condition of Loading. This condition

eccentricity

'e^'

falls within

viz. e^, 63

per the above expressions but using the values

horizontal forces (V^y^^), rotation (aj etc. Also, the
for calculating "Mmax"
)

in

SLS

^^'^

is

"a" over

satisfied

when

PTFE/

the total

the kernel of the projected area. For the purpose of Separation

Check, the values of different eccentricities

(N

edge pressure

eccentricity "e^" shall

in

and

SLS

e^ etc. shall also

be calculated as

condition for vertical load (N^i^^^J,

average pressure

"a"

over

PTFE/UHMWPE

be worked out using minimum

vertical load

condition.

For circular sheets

this condition is satisfied

when:

et<t
8

where,

projected diameter (refer Fig. 5)

Guides

5.5
In

the design of the Bearings where, externally applied horizontal forces are to be resisted.

Guides either externally attached and projecting from the top

projecting from the Calotte

used.

The

and

sliding interface shall

friction sliding

sliding plate or internally located

the top sliding plate shall be

sliding inside the

recess

be

Guides and

fixed

on

to the

movement. While the Stainless

weld, the sliding surface strips shall be either

in

steel strips shall

bonded

its

adjacent surface for low

be affixed by continuous

with confinement or

screwed

fillet

to assist

assembling. Composite materials shall be attached by bonding supplemented by mechanical

attachment.
In

order to

be placed
full

facilitate

into

lateral

rotation freely, the sliding surface adjacent to

a steel rocker

strip

Guides

shall

backside of which shall be curved to provide smooth

surface contact at the sliding interface even under rotation condition (refer Fig. 8

for details).

19

IRC:83-2014(Pt.

IV)

8 Arrangement of Rocker Strip (Secondary Sliding Surface)

Guided Spherical Bearing (Typical)

Fig.

The

following conditions shall

5.5.1

Radius of curvature
23 X
y,sd

5.5.2

Rj-s

verified while designing the

Guides

for a

X f

where

ym

=1.0

where

ym

=1.4

Eg X ym'

<

y,sd

Ls

Guided Bearing:

for the rocker strip shall satisfy:

PTFE/UIHMWPE strip dimension

V
5.5.3

be

in

shall satisfy:

xB xkxf/y m
k

The Guide Bars when

'

'

'

monolithically constructed with

its

parent component shall

satisfy the following expressions:

5.5.3. 1

Bending
H

stress, (o^

Shear stress,

^x,eff.

5.5.3.3

in

r>

^ ^x

l,gb

y m

'

where

=1.0

where

=1.0

where

=1.0

(x^^J in the guide bar shall satisfy:

<
- f/V3xy
m
y
'

Equivalent stress, (o^^J

the guide bar shall satisfy:

X hf^ X 6

^x,eff.

5.5.3.2

in

s,gb
^

the guide bar shall satisfy:

<

1.0

(VV3ym)

20

IRC:83-2014(Pt.

5.5.4

In

cases where the Guide Bar

weld attached

is

to

IV)

parent component (Refer

its

Fig. 14), shall satisfy;

Bending

5. 5.4. 1

V
5.5.4.2

stress, (o^
d

<

5.5.6

f,/y,

siiall satisfy:

oc
where y^= ,1.25

Sliear stress, (x^^J in the guide bar

sliall satisfy:

^ fu/PwXV3xy^

Equivalent stress, (cj^gj

^gb'
Note:

guide bar

X hf2

.'-^
5.5.4.3

in tine

T3^gb-

= 1.25

the guide bar shall satisfy:

in

<

where

where y^ =

X y^

.25
.

Since the welded connection requires high degree of workmanship, skill and precision. The
welded option of Guide Bars shall only be adopted by manufacturers certified according to
EN 1090-2/iSO 3834-2/AISC.

Clearance

following criterion:

'c^'

between

sliding

components

in

unused condition

shall

meet

the

c,
'

<
~

mm

1.0

1000

where,
Vyg^

Acting transverse horizontal force

in

Radius of curvature of the Rocker

component

in

Strip

curved surface facing the backing

mm

Length of Rocker Strip

in

mm

Length of Sliding surface (PTFE/UHMWPE/Others) Strip

Width of Sliding surface (PTFE/UHMWPE/Others)

L^

Length of Guide Bar

L^g^

Effective
(Lg

in

mm
mm

in

Strip in

mm

Length of Guide Bar derived from 45 load distribution

+ 2*BJ or the length of Guide Bar, whichever is lesser in mm

mm
mm (taking

i.e.

B^

Width of Guide Bar

effective

hf2

Distance between the point of force application and the Guide Bar interface

weld size

with parent

in

in

component

in

in

account throat thickness)

mm
MPa

E^

Modulus

fy

Specified min. yield strength of the steel material

f^

Specified min. tensile strength of the steel material

f^

Characteristic value of compressive strength according to Table

Reduction factor as described

of Elasticity of Steel

i.e.

21

in

210000.00

Clause 4.3

'

in

MPa
in MPa
1

"

'

'

IRC:83-2014

(Pt. IV)

Co-relation factor for Welds, to be taken as 0.9

Partial factor of

Safety

a b.gb
i.gb

4i

Design Verification of Backing Plates

5.6

Both the sliding and the mating surfaces shall be supported by metal backing plates. In order
to avoid unacceptably small clearance due to deformation under loads and stresses at the
sliding interface, which could otherwise create unacceptably small clearance between the
adjacent backing plates and as a result, cease the Bearing rotation ability causing higher
wear, the clearance between the adjacent backing plates shall be checked.

However, in Spherical and Cylindrical Bearings, the flat sliding surface is confined/mounted
on a thick convex backing plate which apparently has high stiffness and rigidity against
deformations as shown in Fig. 9. Thus only the deformation "Aw,^^^" of the backing plates to
flat mating surface i.e. bearing top plate and concave sliding surface i.e. bearing bottom plate
shall be calculated separately as per the expression given in Clause 5.6.1 and both shall
satisfy the condition given below:

Aw,'act. <
Aw,'perms.
,

where.
Aw,'perms

(
^

-2 V

0.45

(h/L)
\
/

)
/

diameter of the flat/concave Sliding Surface (mm)

projection of the flat/concave Sliding Surface

above the recess (mm)

^.

stress

in

^^^d ^'^^V^'0/V"'J'd ''^"'O

'

"

"
^

'

the backing plate induced by the respective deformation shall not exceed the

permanent deformations.

elastic limit in order to avoid

5.6.1

>

9 Deformations of Backing Plates

Fig.

The

Actual deformation of the backing plate

The maximum

relative

deformation "Aw,^^^"

the backing plate over the diameter

in

'L'

calculated from the following expression:

0.55

Aw

1.1

+(1.7-0.85.d,/L).(2-d^/Lo)

k c .a
c

k.
b

a.

where,
=

22

if

L 0 <d
b <2

L0

shall

be

IRC:83-2014(Pt.

1.1

N sk,max

N sk,perm

a.

>2

db

if

IV)

ce

0.30 + 0.55

d /L
,0.4

L
L+

3
t

Lr

where,

Diameter of the backing plate or

a^^

(a^

being the side of the square

plate or the minor side of the rectangular plate)

Thickness of the backing

may be based on

the calculation
t'

b,

max

b,

mm

the equivalent constant thickness

Reference diameter - 300

Maximum
Vertical

Vertical

Load due

mm

Design Load
to

in

SLS

Modulus
structural concrete

permanent actions

of elasticity of concrete, for

in

SLS

condition

members

strength than concrete

grade having the

is

i.

e.

permanent load

5000 V

effects

which the backing plates are attached

to

35 Grade. Use of Mortar Layers between concrete and

steel

condition

Short term static modulus of elasticity of concrete

f^,^

e. 1/3

E^

be of min.

steel plate of equivalent or higher

also allowed. Similarly material for steel backing plates shall be

yield strength

as 340

MPa

min.

0.90

when

using concrete grade less than

0.67

when

using steel having yield strength less than 340

0.60

i.

shall

The above also applies when using lower concrete strength classes and/or
provided the "Aw.p^^^^." value as calculated above is reduced by a factor of:

250

t'^

)
'

Diameter of the flat/concave Sliding Surface (mm)

sk.perm

backing plates with a concave surface

sk.max

The

+0.6(t K

=t,b, mm

plate; for

35 but

limited to

steel grades,

M 30
MPa but

limited to

MPa

when

using both concrete grade less than

less than

340

MPa

but both limited to

35 and

steel with yield strength

minimum M 30 Grade and 250 MPa

respectively
5.6.2

Thickness of the backing plate

The thickness
shall not

t^^.^

of the backing plate for

concave

be less than 12 mm.

23

sliding surface

i.e.

Bearing Bottom Plate

IRC:83-2014

(Pt. IV)

The equivalent constant thickness

backing plate of
t,

or 12

flat

backing plate of concave sliding surface and

for

t'^^

mating surface (SS) shall

> 0.040.

mm, whichever

t^^

for

satisfy:

Va\+b\

greater,

is

where,
is

the minor side of backing plate and

is

the major side of backing plate

Design Verification of Anchiorages Against Sliding Under Horizontal Force

5.7

Irrespective of the Bearing type (fixed or movable), the bearings shall

be adequately anchored

using Positive anchoring arrangement e.g. Bolts passing through Bearing

anchored

to

embedded
welded

The

Dowels, Headed Stud connectors (Shear or Tension), Steel distribution plates

the adjoining concrete structure or anchored to the intermediate steel plates

in

to the adjoining structure in

safety and

adequacy

horizontal force shall

described
In

in

component and

case of

of the anchoring

be checked

Annexure-E

steel construction.

mechanism against sliding under the

at the ultimate limit state in

accordance with the stipulations

"Bearing Anchorage Design Rules".

the case of dynamically loaded structures

where extreme load

fluctuations

seismic zones (Zones IV and V), contribution due to

e.g. structures in high

application of

not be taken into consideration while designing the anchorages

i.e.

p^ shall

can occur,

friction shall

be taken as

zero.

Verification of the Stresses in the Adjoining

5.8

The
to

Concrete Structure

strength of the concrete structure adjoining to the Bearings shall be checked so as

ensure safe bearing and transmitting the loads and forces that from the Bearings. The

concreting of the Bearing seating (Pedestal) and superstructure

shall

may

be carefully done
result in

failure.

The

described

in

to avoid the

undue deformation

stress

in

soffit

above the Bearing

voids/honeycombing underneath the Bearing which

components or even premature Bearing

shall be checked against the expression

of the Bearing

the concrete structure

Annexure-F "Check

for

Permissible Stresses on the Adjacent Concrete

Structure".

6.1

MANUFACTURING

Dimensional Tolerance of Steel Components and Bearing Overall

The tolerances as

listed in

Table 5

shall

be applicable

components:

24

for the finished

Bearings and

its

1RC:83-2014
Table 5 Tolerance on Dimension of Steel

i)

Components and Bearing

Parameter

S. No.

Tolerance

Overall Plan Dimension

a)

Machined

0 to + 5

mm or 0.5 percent of the drawing

dimension whichever
b)

ii)

Un-machined (flange

is

higher

mm

or 1.0 percent of the

0 to + 10
drawing dimension, whichever is higher

portion)

0 to + 5

Overall Height

mm or

percent of the drawing

.0

dimension, which
ii)

(Pt. IV)

Parallelism of Bearing top surface

w.r.t.

bottom

in

is

higher

200

surface as datum
iv)

Height of individual machined steel component

V)

Radius of Curvature
steel

vi)

6.2

concave machined

0 to + 0.25

mm

convex machined

-0.25 too

mm

component

Radius of Curvature
steel

for the

mm

for the

component

Curved Backing Plate

a)

Dinnensiona! Limitation and Tolerance

The thickness

surface shall be 12

20

mm on

concave sliding
and the space available on sides shall be min.

of the curved backing plate housing the

t^

mm

radius (refer Fig. 10)

If

^1

/ //

/ //

c
Fig.

b)

10 Dimensional Limitations of Concave Backing Plate

Recess

in

the Backing Plate for Confinement of the Sliding Surface

The shoulders

of the recess shall

be sharp and square

to restrict the flow of

the sliding surface and the radius at the root of the recess shall not exceed
1

mm

(refer Fig. 11).

Dimensions

J'
x-x
Key
1

Sharp edge
Fig. 11

Details of

Recess

25

for Sliding

Surface

in

millimeters

IRC:83-2014

(Pt. IV)

The

sliding surface shall ideally

maximum

permissible tolerance on the

exceed values specified

shall not

Table 6 Tolerance on

Fit

the recess without clearance.

in

fit

fit

501

6.

Gap (mm)

500

0.5

1000

1.0

1001

1500

Recess

of Sliding Surface in the

Dimension L (mm)
75

of sliding surface inside the recess

Table

in

The

1.5

where,
projected diameter (refer Fig. 5)

'

.
_

Flatness

c)

Surface of the curved backing plate to receive the concave sliding surface

such a way that the maximum deviation Az from

theoretical plane surface shall not exceed 0.0003 d or 0.2 mm, whichever is

be finished

shall

in

greater.

Sliding Surface

6.3

The thickness

'tp'

of the sliding surface

corrosion protection shall

Thickness

't

'

in

Flat

mm

2.25
h =

Protrusion

'h' in

it's

protrusion

meet the conditions given

Table 7 Thickness

Design Values

and

'

't

in

and Protrusion

'h' in

Table

'h'

the unloaded condition with

7.

of the Sliding Surface

Guides

and Curved Sliding Surfaces

<

<

8.0; with

'h' in

mm

5.0<tp<8.0

2.00+

1500

mm

h = 2.0

0.2

'U diameter of the projected area of the

mm
0.2 mm

sliding surface in

The tolerance on the

0.3

mm

for

protrusion

'h' is

greater than 750

mm. The

for

'L'

protrusion

less than or equal to

'h'

shall

be

750

mm

and

verified at atleast three

marked measuring points spread circumferentially, where the corrosion protection coating
shall not exceed 200 pm. The admissible tolerance on thickness of single sheet or associated
multiple sheets of the sliding surface

750

mm

Curved

and +

0.5,

0.0

sliding surface

annulus.

The

disc,

if

is

0.3,

0.0

mm for sheets with a diameter

'L'

less than

mm for larger sheets.

sheets shall be circular and

may be

sub-divided, shall not be less than 1000

sub-divided into a disc and an

mm

in

diameter and the width

50 mm. The annulus may be sub-divided into max. four

equal segments. Both the disc and the annulus may be retained in recesses. The separating
ring of the backing plate shall not be more than 10 mm wide. Fig. 12 shows the configurations
of the annulus shall not be less than

of curved sliding surface sheets for Spherical Bearings.

26

IRC:83-2014(Pt.

<

IV)

10
i

a >50

Dimensions

in

millimeters

12 Sub-division of Recessed Spherical Sliding Surface Sheets

Fig.

Sliding Surface for Guides

6.4

Dimension 'a' shall not be less than 15

than 4 (see Fig. 13).

8 =

tp

p
.

mm

and the modified shape

factor shall

be greater

where,

PTFE/UHMWPE above the recessed

Perimeter of PTFE/UHMWPE free to bulge

Ap

Area of the

Projection of

sliding surface

>5

(PTFE/UHMWPE)

in

portion

contact

i.e.

under load

>5

'

Ap

102
p/2

p/2

T
a > 15

a > 15

i_
10

10

Dimensions

Fig.

6.5

13 Examples of Recessed Sliding Surface Sheets

for

in

millimeters

Guides

Hard Chromium Surface

The hard chromium surface shall be visually inspected for cracks and pores. In addition to
the visual inspection, the absence of defects shall be verified by any suitable non-destructive
test e.g. Ferroxyl Test in accordance with Annexure-D "Ferroxyl Test for Hard Chromium
Plating" of this specification. If any defects in the small portion are detected in the test, the
hard chrome plating shall be reworked and the test shall be applied on the entire chrome
plated surface and if the defects are still noticed, the hard chrome plating shall be rejected.
Since hard chromium plating

can be damaged by
provision shall be

air

made

is

in

acid solution or to fluorines

and

such as occur in industrial environment, special

protect the surfaces in those conditions.

borne
to

not resistant to chlorides

particles,

27

IRC:83-2014

(Pt. IV)

Restraining Rings and Guides

6.6

component

be preferred as
far as possible unless excessive dimension, cost of machining and material wastage etc.
overrules the condition. In such cases option of welded Restraining Rings and Guides can
be considered subject to fulfillment of the respective design requirements mentioned in this
Restraining Ring and Guides monolithic with their parent

documents and the

i)

ii)

following conditions:

be positioned and locked with its parent component

by tongue and groove shaped machining/using the Allen-key bolts. Further,
to achieve the desired strength to resist the horizontal forces, continuous
welding (all sides) shall be done (refer Fig. 14).

The Ring/Guides

The weld

size

shall

and dimensions

and forces
shear, bending, tension and

shall satisfy the acting loads

and checked against the applicable cases

combined effects etc.
i)

shall

viz.

case the acting horizontal forces is too high to

with monolithic Ring or Guides shall be adopted.
In

resist

by welding, option

TOP PLATE

ALLEN KEY BOLTS

TONGUE AND GROOVE

WELD
GUIDE BAR
Fig.

14 Guide Bar Weld Connection with Top Plate (Typical)

Fasteners

6.7

Fasteners shall conform to their relevant IS/IRC Specifications.

Welding

6.8
All

welding shall conform to IS:816 and IS:9595 with electrodes of suitable grade as per

IS:814. Preheating

and post weld stress

reliving shall

be done as necessary.

The backing plate shall extend beyond the edge of Stainless Steel sheet
the weld. TIG welding of Stainless Steel sheet is recommended.

accommodate

Protection Against Corrosion and Contamination

6.9

While doing the corrosion protection as specified

Following care shall be taken:

Where

to

in

Clause 4.10

of this Specification.

the stainless steel sheet

is attached to it's backing plate by continuous fillet weld, the

area of the backing plate covered by the stainless steel sheet need not be provided with the
complete corrosion protection system. However, the area should be thoroughly cleaned and

carefully

agents

examined

prior to the

to

be free from dust, foreign

welding of the

SS

Sheet.

28

particles,

and sign

of rust or rust inducing

IRC:83-2014(Pt.

Where the
the

full

stainless steel sheet

IV)

attached by screwing, counterpunched screwing or riveting

corrosion protection system shall be applied to the backing plate behind the stainless
is

steel sheet.

Provision against contamination of the sliding surface shall be

made by

suitable devices e.g.

Such

protection devices shall be easily removable for

wiper seal, rubber apron or bellows.
maintenance
inspection
purpose.
replacement and/or
All

other metallic components including Bolts, Fasteners and

Washers

etc. shall also

be

adequately protected against corrosion.

Assembly

6.10
Prior to

assembly the
and

sliding surfaces shall

be cleaned.

assembly, the dimpled sliding surface shall be lubricated with

lubricant according to Clause 4.8 in a way ensuring that all the dimples are filled without air

After cleaning

prior to

entrapment. For guides the sliding material shall be

amount

of lubricant into the surface

and wiping

off

initially

lubricated by rubbing a small

the remainder.

During assembly process, precautions shall be taken against contamination of lubricated

surfaces.

The bearing may be provided

with a

movement

indicator scale which

face of the top sliding plate with a pointer pointing to

it

be fixed on the side

from the Bearing bottom component.
is

to

ACCEPTANCE, CERTIFICATION AND MARKING

Acceptance Testing, Certification and Marking shall

be strictly adhered which forming the basis of Product conformance and acceptance for the
Spherical and Cylindrical Bearings.
Stipulations of this clause regarding the

7.1

Following

System
will

a)

b)

of Attestation

form the basis of acceptance of the Spherical and Cylindrical Bearings:

Tasks of the manufacturer:

1)

Raw

2)

Factory production control/in-process testing

3)

In-house Test on Finished Bearing

Material Acceptance/Testing

Tasks of the accepting/inspection

authority:

inspection of factory and of factory production control

1 )

Initial

2)

Surprise/audit inspection on process of production and conformance

test

3)

7.2

and Conformity

on raw materials and production in-process,

Witness of

final

if

deemed necessary

acceptance testing of finished product.

Lot Classification

For the purpose of Lot classification, following definitions shall be applicable

A lot shall

comprise of the

total

number of Bearings manufactured

together, of

the type and load capacity as defined below, and offered for the Inspection at

29

IRC:83-2014(Pt.

IV)

a time to the Inspecting/Accepting Authority. However, the maximum number

of Bearings in one lot shall be limited to 24. Bearings in excess of 24 Nos.

shall

be treated as separate

The

fixed

However,

and movable Bearings

the movable bearings

movement

bi-directional

7.3

lot.

be

shall

irrespective

abilities shall

as separate

lots.

uni-directional

and

classified

of

be placed under the same

lot.

terms of Load capacity. Bearings with max. design vertical load less than
500 MT shall be considered as one lot and Bearings with more than 500 MT
vertical load capacity shall be considered as separate lot.
In

Manufacturer Internal Testing

Raw

and In-process Inspection to be carried out and documented for

all Bearings and their Components. The Bearings thus manufactured shall be subjected to
rigorous In-house Testing by the manufacturer prior to offering for the Acceptance Testing.
Following In-house/internal testing on the finished Bearings shall be performed by the

Apart from the

material

Manufacturer:
i)

Bearings shall be checked for surface

All

finish or

any other discernible

superficial defects.
11)

the

All

Bearings shall be checked for overall dimensions as per the

manufacturing tolerances specified

in this

code and the relevant contract

Specifications.
iii)

At least 20 percent Bearings subject to a

04 and maximum of
production quantity to be

minimum

of

20 numbers selected randomly out of the entire

offered for acceptance shall be subjected to vertical
the

maximum

design vertical load

and simultaneously the

is

iv)

in

SLS

condition as

test load at 1.10 times

shown

in

the drawings

rotation of 0.02 radians or design rotation

whichever

higher.

From the entire production quantity to be offered for acceptance. One

Bearing each selected at random shall be tested for Co-efficient of Friction
at maximum design vertical load in SLS condition and Combined Vertical
and Horizontal Load test (at 1.10 times the maximum SLS design loads), as
the case applicable.

7.4

Acceptance Test by Inspecting Authority

Bearings passing the In-house Test requirements are then offered to the Accepting/Inspection
Authority for Acceptance Testing. Following Acceptance tests
authority shall

presence of the Inspection

be performed on the components of the bearings or the bearing as a whole,
in

as applicable.
7.4.1

Tests for conformance of raw materials

1)

In

initial

basis of

its

processing

Raw materials from the supplier/manufacturer

acceptance. Random sampling and testing at

addition to the certificates of

forming the

and

30

IRC:83-2014

(Pt. IV)

Independent NABL accredited lab for the material used in the production
of the Bearings like steel, sliding surface, stainless steel. Bolts etc. shall be
done. The inspection/accepting authority at his discretion shall relax and not
insist on conducting the above test subject to availability of the satisfactory
test data for the similar test conducted on materials of bearings recently
manufactured and supplied for other projects within a period of six months
preceding the date of Testing.

7.4.2

components

ii)

Ultrasonic inspection of the steel

ill)

Test on welding

iv)

Test on hard chromium plating

v)

Surface

vi)

Thickness of the anti-corrosive treatment

Acceptance
1)

e. g.

Dye Penetration Test

e. g.

finish of the stainless steel

test

Ferroxyl Test

sheet
etc.

on finished bearings

Surface Finish
Bearings shall be randomly checked for surface

finish or

any other discernible

superficial defects.
ii)

Dimension
Bearings shall be randomly checked
Manufacturing tolerances specified

for overall

in this

dimensions as per the

code and the relevant contract

Specifications.
iii)

Compression

One

(Vertical

Load) Test

Bearing selected at random from the

lot

under acceptance

simultaneously subjected to vertical test load of 1.10 times the

design vertical load

in

serviceability condition

rotation of 0.02 radians or design rotation,

\'ERTIC.AL

as shown

whichever

is

RAM

Typical
Fig.

15 Vertical Load Test Set-up for Spherical Bearings

31

in

shall

be

maximum

the drawings and

higher. (Fig. 15)

IRC:83-2014(Pt.

iv)

IV)

Friction Test

For movable Bearings (Free Float and Slide Guide Types),

One

Bearing

random per lot shall be tested in order to determine the co-efficient

of friction at maximum design Vertical Load in serviceability condition, the
value of friction shall not exceed 0.03 under lubricated condition (Fig. 16).
selected at

IN

TOP GLIDED BE.^JUNG C.\N ALSO EE

USED

Wim THE DIRECTiON OF \iOVE\EXT

P.AR.AILEL TO

THEDIEECnOXOF

APPLICATION OF HORIZONT.-a. FORCE

GUIDED SPHERICAL BEARING ORiENTED

SUCH TH.AT THE GUIDES .ARE P.AR.ALLEL
TO THE DIRECTION OF HORIZONTAL FORCE
APPLICATION THUS AiLO\TOG SLIDING
KORIZONT.U STOPPERS CAN -ALSO BE
PROVIDED K BOTTOM
PLATEN OF THE TEST RIG TO A'-'OID
THE SLIPP.AGE OF THE BE.AR\0
DLIRKG THE TESTING

Fig.

16 Coefficient of Friction Load Test Setup Details for Spherical Guided Bearing

v)

Combined

Vertical

and Horizontal Load Test

For Bearings required to resist Horizontal Forces (Fixed and Slide Guide
Types),

One

combined

Bearing selected at random from each

lot

shall

be subjected

to

and Horizontal Load Test to 1.10 times of the respective

maximum design loads and forces in serviceability condition (Fig. 17).
Vertical

-K TO? GUIDED BEARING CAN ALS O BE L-SED

,

^TIH THE DIRECHON OF MOVEMENT

?AFJi.LLEL TO THE DffiECTiOK OF .APitlCAIDN
OF HORIZONTAL FORCE

'

HORIZONT.AL STOi^ERS CAN ALSO BE

PROVIDED IN BOTTOM
PLATEK OF THE TESTRIG TO AV OID
THE SLS^AGE OF THE BEARING
DURKG THE TESTING

Fig.

Notes

17

HOR

Load Test Setup Details

for Spherical

Guided Bearing

For tests specified under

and under

iii)

and

v) of

iii) and iv) of Clause 7.3 except for co-efficient of Friction test
Clause 7.4.2, the Bearings shall be held under Load for a period

of 10 minutes.

32

IRC:83-2014
be done

SLS

(Pt. IV)

Loading.

All testing shall

Additional pre-fabricated taper plates inducing the desired rotation into the Bearing
shall

In

be used

in

for

the Test assembly for the Vertical Load

test.

order to ensure that the Test Bearing having curved sliding surface do not topple,
on top as shown in the test assembly figures shall be used

either the flat sliding surface

or else suitable supporting/clamping arrangement to hold the Bearing

assembly/testing shall be considered for

friction

and combined

in

place during

tests.

Acceptance Test on Finished Bearings as per Clauses 7.3 and 7.4 may be exempted
for Bearings supplied with "CE Certification".

Observation

7.5

During the Testing, the inspecting/accepting authority shall examine the behavior of the

Bearings for any signs of Deformation or Crack on the Sliding surface and/or mating surface,
Separation/Lift-off

between the

deformation or cracks

in

sliding

interface or seizure of the Bearing

Components,

weld. After the above tests are completed, the tested bearings shall

be removed from the test machine, dismantled and the components shall be examined for any
signs of distress, permanent deformation in the components especially the sliding surface,
warping, swelling, cracks or other permanent defects which may affect the serviceability or
durability of the bearing.

The inspecting/acceptance

above

on finished
Bearings shall also inspect the documents and reports submitted by the manufacturer about
the internal factory production control
e. raw material, in-process production and internal
testing of finished product carried out by the manufacturer.
authority apart from witnessing the

test

i.

Inspection Report

7.6

The

and inspection carried out both in house and in the presence of

the Witnessing Authority shall be recorded in the standard testing formats alongwith their
observations. These filled up formats alongwith the raw material test certificates, reports of
the tests done inprocess e.g. welding (DPT), hard chromium plating (Ferroxyl Test), mating
surface hardness test, ultrasonic test, S/S surface finish and Paint DPT etc. shall be compiled
and submitted to the Inspecting/Acceptance Authority as Test Reports.
7.7

details of the tests

Certification

The approving/accepting
manufactured

authority after getting satisfied with the Quality of the Product

shall issue Certificate of conformity of the product stating the conformity with

the provisions of this Specification

and clearance

to the

Manufacturer to effect the shipment

of the Bearings to the job site.

7.8
All

Marking
Bearings shall have suitable identification plates permanently affixed which shall be visible

after installation, identifying the following information:

Name

of Manufacturer

33

lRC:83-2014(Pt.

IV)

Month and Last two

digits of the

year

in

which the Bearing IVIanufactured

(mm/yy)

Besides

Serial

Bearing Designation and Type

Design Performance parameters

Number

of the Bearing
-

viz.

the Bearing Top Surface shall also be

this,

Load,

marked

Movement

etc.

with the following information to

facilitate their correct installation at site:

Centerline Marking

Bearing Designation and Type

Orientation Marking to facilitate correct placement on the Pedestal

Direction of Major

and Minor movement, as appropriate

Preset Marking,

applicable.

Location

The bearing
Clause
testing

7.8.

shall

Number upon each support

(If

required)

PACKAGING, TRANSPORT AND STORAGE

be labeled by the manufacturer with the marking requirement as stated

The marking

and acceptance

shall only

of several

transportation.

They

shall

fulfilled in all

components, which are not

temporarily clamped together at the place of manufacture.

strong to hold the various bearing

in

be applied when the pre-requisites, regarding manufacturing,

accordance with Clauses 6 and 7 are

in

made up

Bearings being

if

components

in

respect.

rigidly fixed together, shall

Such clamps

shall

be

be

sufficiently

their correct positions during handling

and

be marked/painted with a clear distinguish colour from that of the

Bearing paint for easy identification. The Transportation Bracket shall be easily removable
after installation or

designed

to

break once the bearing starts to function, without damaging

the bearing.
All

Bearings that are too heavy to be handled manually shall have provision for the

lifting

devices.

Bearings shall be wrapped under heavy duty polythene sheets and secured on wooden
pallets or inside
shall then

be transported

The Bearings
pallets

boxes strong enough

at the

Job

to the

Ventilation helps

component

in

and transportation. Bearings

Job Site under secured and horizontal condition.

Site shall

under covered space

to withstand the handling

be placed horizontally above the Ground Level on wooden

(well ventilated) to avoid spoilage

by

rain

water and dust

etc.

avoiding high humidity and condensation that could affect the Bearing

finishes.

34

IRC:83-2014

ASPECTS RELATED TO BEARING PERFORMANCE AND INSTALLATION

order to ensure bearing alignment and placement

In

(Pt. IV)

and Specifications, a reference index marking

and Top Component. The following

shall

in

accordance with the contract plan

be provided on the Bearings Bottom

Deviation shall be

limits of

maximum

permissible

the

in

Installation of the Bearings:

Level of Seating

mm

max. from actual

(maximum
exceed 3
In

Plan Deviation

Alignment of Sliding Surface

Parallelism of Bearing

Component
9.1

w.r.t.

to

mm

level difference

under the same

installed

Top

drawings

between any two Bearings

line of

support shall also not

mm)

max.

in

either direction.

0.3 percent of Bearing

level specified in the

direction of

movement

0.1 percent

Slope max.

Slide

Plate Dimension

the

in

bottom

Installation

Bearings are to be installed with due care

with the design of the Structure.

ensure

to

The primary

their correct functioning in

accordance

factors to be considered during the Installation

of the Bearings are:

Design Based Aspects

Provision of the Bearings

the structure shall be so

in

the least chances of dust and

water seepage that

Provision

for

accommodate

may

Jacking

dirt

made so as

to

have

accumulation and also spoilage from

affect their

rain

performance.

and adequate space and clearances

Points

the jacking arrangements shall be

made

to

during the

design/construction of the Structure to allow repair, replacement of bearings,

if

required during service.

Consultation with the Bearing manufacture shall be done at an early stage of

the Bridge design to avoid the hassles of Pre- Stressing Tendons and anchor

blocks fouling with the Bearing Dowels.

Transportation and Site Handling Aspects

Transport Brackets are not to be relied upon for the

On

Lifting of

receipt of the Bearings at Site, the Contractor shall

Examination of the Bearings

to

35

the Bearings.

have a

visual

ensure that no damage or displacement

IRC:83-2014(Pt.

IV)

of the Bearing

components
re-assembly

rectification or

taken place during the transportation. Any

is

if

done

required shall be

strictly in

the presence

of the Manufacturer's Representative.

installation

Aspects
Bearings shall be installed

truly horizontal with

of the Bearings perfectly parallel to

each

Top and Bottom Components

other, unless otherwise stated.

embedded
as per the Shop

For pre-cast construction, the positioning of the Bolts and Dowels

in

the Sub-structure/Superstructure shall be

made

strictly

Drawings.

The

Dowels/Distribution Plates shall be properly grouted with suitable grout

material ensuring no voids,

honeycombing underneath and above the Bearing

bottom and top plates respectively.

In

case

of

Movable Bearings,

particular

care shall be taken to ensure the correct orientation of the Bearings.

For

In-situ

type of Construction the Bearings shall be covered from

to avoid the ingress of

In

cement

slurry etc. inside the Bearing

case of Pre-cast Construction, extreme care

loading

is

to

temporary support as

pendulum

to avoid

impact

this

may cause

i.e

without any additional

the overturning of the Girders due to

Transport brackets shall be removed at an appropriate time after the casting

diaphragm and

Bearings and

its

once the process

setting of the Superstructure Concrete.

components

Slurry Deposit etc.

9.2

Components.

effect.

of the cross

sides

onto the Bearings while launching the Girders/Superstructure.

Girders shall not be rested freely over the Bearings

be taken

ail

shall

be checked

and the surrounding area

of Bearing installation

is

for

any

shall

dust, dirt or

Cement

be cleaned thoroughly

finished.

iVIaintenance

Bearings shall be designed and manufactured

that the undesirable effects

to

make them

virtually

maintenance free so

caused by extreme atmosphere or aggressive environmental

condition/unforeseen events can be eliminated to a great extent. However, the surrounding

area of the Bearings shall always be kept clean and dry to avoid
Provisions for suitable easy access to the Bearing shall be
for the

made

damage
in

to the Bearings.

the construction drawings

purpose of inspection and maintenance.

Inspection of Bearing at site

is

required to be carried out from time to time to ascertain the

performance of the Bearings. Periodic nominal maintenance of Bearing

36

shall

be carried out

in

IRC:83-2014
order to ensure better performance and longer

life

of the Bearings.

The Bearings are

required to be inspected at an interval of approx. one year for the

interval of

two years thereafter or as agreed between the

the Bearings shall also be

examined

and the

in

generally

years and at an

contractor.

carefully after unusual occurrences, like

earthquakes, cyclones and battering from debris

The

client

five

first

(Pt. IV)

However,

heavy

traffic,

high floods.

inspection shall be preceded by careful cleaning of the Bearings as well as

its

space, depending on the actual conditions around the Bearings, e.g. deposit of

surrounding
salt,

debris,

dust or other foreign material.

Elements of Inspection

The

following are

necessary

to
1)

recommended

inspection elements and actions which are considered

monitor and upkeep the Bearings:

Measurement of Movement: During

required to be taken and

documented

inspection at
to

compute

measurements are
movement and rotation

site,

its

values in relation to their design values to ascertain whether the performance of

the Bearings

is

To ascertain

satisfactory.

maximum movement, measurement

should be taken once during peak winter (early morning) and once during

peak summer (afternoon) and corresponding atmospheric temperature

should be recorded. The recorded value of

movement

shall

be compared

with the design values.

2)

Measurement
required to be

of Dimensions: Overall dimensions of the Bearings are

measured and compared

with the actual dimensions to

ascertain any excessive stress or strain on the Bearing.

3)

Evidence of locked
Bearing

is

measures
4)

in

found to be
shall

in

Condition:

locked

If

any movable or

in/jammed condition, necessary

rectification

be taken immediately.

Evidence of Corrosion:

If

surface of the Bearing

detected, the following

In

rotating part of a

addition, the root

is

cause

corrosion of any part of exterior exposed steel

of

measures may be taken.

defect should be analyzed and proper actions

should be taken to avoid recurrence of the problem.

5)

Detect affected

Wire brush the affected portion

Apply protective coating as per Manufacturer's Specifications.

part.

to clean of

it's

rust.

Condition of the adjacent Bridge Structure: The condition of the

structure adjacent to the Bearings

any damage and necessary actions

immediately.

37

is

also required to be inspected for

to repair the

same, should be taken

IRC:83-2014(Pt.

IV)

Results and Actions

The

result of

every inspection has to be recorded

in

the inspection report and shall be deeply

discussed with the project Consultants and the Bearing Manufacturer and classified
different categories

depending upon the action required

to

be taken

in

like:

1)

Re-inspection and/or monitoring

2)

Further measurements/long-term monitoring or design analysis needed

(e.g.

considering

is

required.

extreme temperatures/exposures,

variation

of

loads,

etc.).

3)

4)
In

Minor repair works

e.g. cleaning, repainting, etc.

Repair or replacement of entire Bearings or parts of the Bearings.

case of defects where the cause

of

necessary actions cannot be determined by the

inspecting person or the responsible Bridge Engineer, the bearing manufacturer shall be

consulted.

38

lRC:83-2014(Pt.

!V)

Annexure-A
(Refer Clause 4.2)

Properties

A.O

of

Low

Thermo-plastic Sliding

Friction

IVIaterial

(PTFE or

UHlViWPE)
Pattern of Dimples

A.1
Fully

molded sheets with

cavities or dimples for lubrication shall

be used

for flat/curved sliding

The dimples shall be formed by hot pressing or molding and strictly not by machining
or drilling. Where dimples are produced by hot pressing, the temperature during the pressing
process shall not exceed 200C for PTFE and 80 percent of the melting temperature in case
of UHlViWPE. The pattern of dimples shall be as shown in Fig. A.1
surfaces.

Dimension

"

in

Millimeters

Key
1

Main direction of
Fig. A.1

Note

sliding

Pattern of Dimples

in

Recessed

PTFE/UHMWPE

Sheet

UHMWPE

annexure and elsewhere in this code are the

gist only and merely to serve as a information guide to the Design and Accepting Authorities
about the availability of such materials as an option.

The

information for

as given

in

this

The manufacture and use of UHMWPE material inside the Bearings may be governed by
Patent Control Rights. The responsibility of acquiring such materials legally for use in the
Bearing applications and

if

required, proving the license rights to use such materials within

the offered product shall be solely of the supplier/manufacturer of Bearings. For detailed
information, specific approval

bodies

like

ETA,

document

FHWA, CALTRANS

for the material issued

or similar shall be referred.

39

from International approving

IRC:83-2014

(Pt. IV)

Annexure-B
(Refer Clause

B.O

Properties of Composite

B.1

Composite

This

is

In

IVIaterials for

Secondary Sliding Surfaces

l\/laterial CIVI1

a composite material consisting of three layers; a bronze backing strip and a sintered

interlocking

The

4. 7)

porous matrix, impregnated and overlaid with a PTFE/lead mixture.

material shall conform to the characteristics listed

addition, the condition of the material

and

its

in

Table B.1.

surface finish shall be checked visually.

Table 8.1 Characteristics of

Bronze backing

CuSn 6
composition by mass

CM1

material:

<

0.35

Pb

<

0.10

Fe

<

0.10

%
%
%
%

n
KJ

^sn
\J\J

/o

0 30

%/u

Sn

5 to 7.50

7n +

<

Mi

<

nthpr<?

Rpmainder

\J .\J\J

Cii

interlayer

/o

naraness

parisj

on
OU

Sn

10 to 12

nD

lov^

doud

^aii

CuSn 10
Composition by mass

PTFE

saturation with

<

lO

mMm
1

Rn
DU

material material

<

0.17

Fe

<

0.15

Ni

<

0.15

others

<

0.50

>

25

Pb

0.25

PTFE

+ Pb Pb

49%

mass

composition by

total

1.00

Si

to

%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
mm

62%,

remainder

PTFE
0.01

Thickness
thickness

Overlay adhesion - ISO 2409

The

\r\ 1

0.25 to 0.4

thickness

B.2

'^i'^

material:

surface layer

1
1

Pb

Composite

+
X n
U. 1 Oy

U lOlM looo
1

Bronze

To'
2048 0.015
minimum GT2

mm
mm

Composite Material CM2

mesh which is sintered

having the thicker PTFE coat.

material shall consist of a flexible metal

with the bearing or sliding surface

40

into

PTFE compound

IRC:83-2014

be CuSn6 stabilized mesh from 0.25 mm diameter wires which are

intersections and which has a thickness after calendaring of approximately 0.4 mm.

The metal mesh

linked at

The mesh count

shall

in

warp and weft

In

material

is

to

conform

per 10

mm.

with 30 percent 2 percent

filler

direction shall

The PTFE compound shall be PTFE

glass fibers and graphite.
The

(Pt. IV)

be 16

to the characteristics listed in

addition, the condition of the material

and

its

Table B.2.

surface finish shall be checked visually.

Table B.2 Characteristic of

Density

4100 kg/m3

Tensile Strength

> 45

MPa

Elongation

> 10

Thickness

(0.48 0.02)

Overlay adhesion

minimum GT2

ISO 2409

41

content, consisting of

to

CM2
4400 kg/m^

mm

IRC:83-2014

(Pt. IV)

Aonexure-C
(Refer Clause

5. 1)

Bridge Bearing Design Questionnaire Form

Project/Structure

Name

Bearing Identification Mark/Number

Qty. required for

each type

Seating

Upper Surface

Material

Lower Surface
Serviceability

Allowable*

Upper Surface
Ultimate

OOlUdCl
Pressure

Serviceability

Lower Surface

(N/mm2)

timate

Max.
Vertical

Permanent

Serviceability

Min.
Limit State

Longitudinal

Design Load
(MT)

Transverse

Max.
Vertical

Min.

Ultimate Limit State

Longitudinal

Transverse
Longitudinal
Irreversible

Serviceability

Transverse

Limit State

Longitudinal

Reversible

Transverse

Translation

(mm)

Longitudinal
Irreversible

Ultimate

Transverse

Limit State

Longitudinal

Reversible

Transverse

Whet her

Pre-setting allowed (A)/Not-allowed (NA)

Longitudinal
Irreversible

Rotation (Rad)

Transverse

Serviceability
Limit State

Longitudinal

Reversible

Transverse

Maximum

Longitudinal

Upper Surface

available

Transverse

Structure

Longitudinal

Dimensions
for Dispersion

Bearing

Lower Surface

Transverse
Overall Height Clearance (Pedestal + Brg.)

Upper Surface

Longitudinal

Transverse

Dimensions
Restrictions
(If

Lower Surface

Longitudinal

Transverse

any)
Overall Height

Type

of fixing required (Eg.

Dowels/Studs/

Distribution Plate

Upper face
Lower face

42

IRC:83-2014

(Pt. IV)

case the allowable concrete pressure is not determined or known, then

the grade of Concrete/steel/other material shall be specified for both the
Upper and Lower Surface.
* In

Attach separate sheets to state additional requirements

pre-determined pedestal size

(if

available),

cement

viz.

Bearing Material,

mortar, epoxy,

in

situ

concrete, precast concrete, steel etc.

The Bearing Schedule should accompany General Arrangement Drawings

showing Typical Support Plan Details, Layout of Structure with schematic
arrangement of Bearings on Support, Sub and Superstructure details
adjoining Bearing Location.

43

IRC:83-2014

(Pt. IV)

Annexure-D
(Refer Clause 6.5)

D.O

Ferroxyl Test for Hard

D.1

Purpose of

The Test
at the

objective

is

Chromium

Plating

Test

tlie

to ascertain the

soundness and

integrity of the

Hard Chromium Plating

curved mating surface.

D.2

Principle

method is based on the principle that cracks and porosity extending through the
hard chromium layer to the steel substrate will be revealed as blue marks due to the reaction
of Fe-ll-ions with the indicator solution of potassium ferrocyanide 111 and sodium chloride.

The

test

indicator Solution Composition

D.3

The

ferroxyl indicator solution

is

composed

of

water or water completely desalinated by ion

Note:

As

0g K3 [Fe(CN)J and 30g NaCI

exchange.
1

skin contact with indicator solution shall

shall not

be avoided, skin protection

be consumed while handling the indicator

solution.

The

is

in 1

of distilled

required and food

indicator solution

in

contact

with acids releases extremely toxic prussic (hydrocyanic) acid.

Test Specimen and Preparation

D.4

The

test shall

be performed on min. 20 percent of the contact area of the surface.

The

test shall

be carried out

In

at a

temperature between 5C and 40C.

order to prevent false indications, the atmosphere

in

the vicinity of the test shall be free

from ferrous particles and the test sample shall be covered and protected from dust and
foreign material.

Immediately before the

test,

the hard chromium layer shall be cleaned with an acid-free

degreasing agent.

Test Procedure

D.5

The hard chromium area

be tested

to

The wet paper

with the indicator solution.

be covered with white

shall

shall

adhere

blotting

firmly to the hard

paper impregnated

chromium surface

without wrinkles or blisters.

The

solution shall remain

in

contact with the surface for

period, before removing the blotting paper,

it

shall

be

hour min. At the end of the test

identified

and checked

for

changes

in

colour.

Defective areas

in

the hard

chromium

layer

will

be indicated as blue-coloured marks on the

paper. After the test, the indicator solution shall be completely

means

of water or alcohol

and then the surface

44

shall

be

dried.

removed from the sample by

IRC:83-2014

D.6

The

Test Results and

its

(Pt. IV)

Reporting

test report shall include at least the following items:

a)

Identification of the test pieces

of manufacturing batch)

(name

of manufacture, origin

and the unique

serial

number

and number

of the bearing,

if

applicable.
b)

Condition of the test pieces prior to and after testing (visual damages).

c)

Date, duration and temperature of

d)

Test results

(in

test.

case of damage, the recordings

shall

be enclosed with the

test report).

e)

Any operating procedures

not described

incidents occurring during the test.

45

in this

clause and any abnormal

IRC:83-2014 (Pt

IV)

Annexure-E

E.O

Bearing Anchorage Design Rules

E.1

Anchor

Bolt Design:

be used for positive anchoring of the Bearings with the

adjoining structure. The diameter, grade and number of the anchor bolts shall be so chosen
such that it satisfy the below expressions:
Bolts of property

E.1.1

Class 8.8/10.9

Resistance

in

shall

Shear:

V Rd

<
xy.sd

where,

N sd.min + V pd

V Rd
ms

and

V pd

n X

Ci X

where,

V xy.sd
V Rd

1.25

Design resultant horizontal force

N Sd.min

ULS

Total resistance to force that including the

anchorage strength and

resistance

frictional
pd

at

Design value of anchorage resistance

Minimum

vertical load acting

in

shear

onto the Bearing

in

ULS

between the Bearing and adjoining

and 0.6 for steel on concrete

Friction coefficient

steel

on

steel

Partial factor of safety against sliding, 2.0 for steel

steel

structure, 0.4 for

on steel and 1.2

for

on concrete

Number

c.

where shear plane passes through the threaded

portion of the bolt, 0.6 applicable for class 8.8 and 0.5 for 1 0.9; for cases
where shear plane passes through unthreaded portion, 0.6 for all bolt

'

of Bolts

constant, for cases

classes
Specified nominal tensile strength of the bolt material

in

MPa

For cases where shear plane passes through the threads, specified

nominal area under stress and

for

cases where shear plane passes

through unthreaded portion, gross cross sectional area of the Bolt

mm^
Partial factor of Safety

46

in

IRC:83-2014

(Pt. IV)

where extreme load fluctuations can occur, e.g.

structures in high seismic zones (Zones IV and V), contribution due to friction shall not be
shall be taken as zero.
taken into consideration while designing the anchorages i.e.
In

the case of dynamically loaded structures

centre-to-centre distance between the adjacent bolt holes shall not be less than 2.5

The

times the

be minimum 1.5 times the hole

shall

edge

the distance from the

dia. of bolt hole. Similarly,

of plate to the bolt hole centre

dia.

Inserts in Concrete

E.2

The forces through the anchor bolts shall be transferred to the adjoining concrete structure by
means of suitable concrete inserts in the form of Dowels (ferrules), Headed Stud Connectors
or Steel distribution plates.
E.2.1

Headed Stud connectors -

Concrete Inserts when adopted

mm

and maximum 25

mm

in

the form of

in

Shear

Headed Shear Stud

diameter. Also the nominal length of the stud shall be atleast 3

in

in

The design shear resistance (P^^^) of the headed studs embedded

meet or exceed the total shear force as per the expression below:

Vxy.sd, <

ii!^

+
N sd.min
,
.

inside the concrete shall

n.P^,
Rd

Yms

The value

be minimum 16

shall

any case. Headed Shear Studs should be welded as per Arc Stud
compliance with ISO 14555 and ISO 13918.

times the stud diameter

Welding Method

in

resistance

headed stud

of shear resistance of the

shall

be the lesser one of the two that

calculated from the below expressions:

P^,
Rd

0.8 x

fu

x
V

71

where

(0.8

f^k

'

x
"

"

ym =

.25

'

0.29 X 02 X
"

and, =

x d^/4

where

=1.25

where,

Design resistance of the headed stud

Rd

'^sdmin
[i^

Design resultant horizontal force

Minimum

vertical load acting

at

in

shear

ULS

onto the Bearing

in

ULS

between the stud backing plate and adjoining

structure, 0.6 for steel on concrete. The backing plate shall be embedded
in the concrete flushed with the finish surface and not projecting out from
Friction

coefficient
1

the concrete face.

y

Partial factor of safety against sliding,

Number

.2 for steel

on concrete

of Bolts

Specified min. ultimate tensile strength of the stud material but

case exceeding than 500

MPa

47

in

no

IRC:83-2014

(Pt. IV)

Stud shank diameter

Number

C2

coefficient

3 and

of Studs

.0

depending on the stud length

for ratio of 4 and above

diameter

EC

Short term static modulus of elasticity of concrete

f^^

is

Partial factor of Safety

i.

ratio,

e.

0.8 for ratio of

5000 V

CK

the characteristic compressive strength of the 28 day concrete cube

For cases of special requirements where

in

addition to shear, tension or bending resistance

and concrete
threaded connection housing anchor bolts)
of the

to

anchorage (both

bolts

established specifications

like

EN

1993-1-1,

inserts including dowels/sleeves/ferrules with

to

EN

be

verified,

1993-1-8,

EN

relevant design checks from

1994-1 and ACI 318 shall be

referred.

Headed Shear Studs

direction of force

shall

and 2.5 d

be spaced
in

at a center to center distance of

the other direction.

48

minimum 5 d along

IRC:83=2014

(Pt. IV)

Annexure-F
(Refer Clause 5.8)
^

Check

F.O

The

on the Adjacent Concrete Structure

for Permissible Stresses

load transfer from the Bearing to the adjacent structure shall be concentrated but

uniformly distributed load for which the resistance of the adjoining concrete structure

in

be determined which shall meet or exceed the acting load values.

The resistance of the concrete structure shall be calculated from the below expression:
ultimate load condition

is

to

A CO xf,xV(A7AJ
cd
cO'

Rdu

c1

where,
Rdu

resistance offered by concrete

in

ULS

condition loading

loaded area
cd

permissible direct compressive strength of concrete, calculated as:

f

cd

0.8xf,/1
ck

characteristic

Ac

compressive strength of the 28 day concrete cube

dispersed area,

maximum area

and geometrically
in

possible

in

the plane of A^^ which

three times the width of loaded area

of the dispersion shall

be

in

in

same

the

be

limited to

maximum

direction. Also, the height

no case less than the difference of the width of

dispersed area and the loaded area (refer Fig.

F.1).

V(A,/AJ<3.0

0-

Fig. F.1

>

line

(b^

of action

bx)

and

Pattern of Load Dispersion and Distribution Area

The

projection of the adjacent structure

150

mm

all

concentric

similar to the loaded area Aco; width of dispersed area

either direction (longitudinal or transverse) shall

also,

is

beyond the loaded area face

round. Adequate reinforcement

in

shall not

be less than

the bearing adjoining concrete portion shall be

provided to prevent the spalling and bursting effects due to acting heavy loads and forces.

49

-I

(The Official amendments to

the

IRC

in its periodical,

document would be published by

Indian Highways' which shall be
this

considered as effective and as part of the code/guidelines/manual,

etc. from the date specified therein)