Bell and Gossett Sump Design

5/28/2014
Sump Design:
A thorough examination of this subject is
beyond the scope of this session, however
Vertical Turbine
Pump Basin Design
there are points that can be addressed in

the time allowed. Recommendations in
this presentation follow guidelines set forth
by the Hydraulic Institute, Section 9.8.
Many sump installations require a multiple
pump intake structure. This is common for
industrial makeup water, cooling tower
applications and fire pumps. The pumps
are usually horizontal end suction, split
case double suction or vertical turbine
pumps.
Cooling Towers In Healthcare

Cooling is especially important in
hospitals and medical centers.
Hospitals require an ambient
temperature of 72o, 24/7.
Patient comfort is top priority.
According to the
Hydraulic Institute:
Ideally, the flow of water into a
pump should be uniform, steady
and free from swirl and entrained
air. Lack of uniformity can cause
Turbine Pumps provide:
the pump to operate away from
Proven pumping option used in

healthcare facilities worldwide.
Low cost dependable solution for
pumping condenser water.
Long life cycle 8 to 12 years.
Condenser water can be pumped
and controlled efficiently.
Reliable operation with no priming
required.
the optimum design conditions
Sump Design:
The design objective for a multiple
pump intake is:
To ensure that each pump is allowed
to receive the design flow rate.
To ensure that the flow is in a straight
line as it enters the pump suction.
Avoid the formation of vortex allowing
air to enter the pump and system.
and at lower hydraulic efficiency.

Unsteady flow causes the load
on the impeller to fluctuate, which
can lead to noise, vibration,
bearing problems and fatigue
failures of pump shafts.
4
Design Objectives
Specific hydraulic phenomena
have been identified that can
adversely affect the performance
of pumps. Phenomena that must
not be present to an excessive
degree are:
Submerged vortices
Free surface vortices
Pre-swirl magnitude and fluctuation
with time
Non-uniform distribution of velocity in
space and time at the impeller eye
Entrained air or gas bubbles
5/28/2014
Vortex Types
Incoherent Surface Swirl
Design Objectives
Surface Dimple with Coherent Surface

Swirl
Surface Dimple with

Coherent Surface Swirl
Avoid cross flow patterns of the intake

that create an asymmetric flow
pattern approaching any of the
pumps.
Cross-flow velocities should not
exceed 50% of the sump entrance
velocity.
Pumps designed for flows exceeding
5,000 gpm must have dividing walls
between each pump in the system.
Fully Developed Vortex

Pulling Air Stream Into Intake
Intake Structures for Clear Liquids

The characteristics of the flow approaching an intake structure are among the most
critical considerations for the designer. When determining direction and distribution of
flow at the entrance to a pump intake structure, the following must be considered:
Intake Structures for Clear Liquids

The orientation of the structure relative to the body of supply liquid.
Whether the structure is recessed from, flush with, or protrudes
beyond the boundaries of the body of supply liquid.
Strength of currents in the body of supply liquid perpendicular to the
direction of approach to the pump.
The number of pumps required and their anticipated operating
combinations.
10
Recommendations for Dimensioning

Rectangular Intake Structures
Design Guidelines
Turbine Pump Concrete Sump
Basic design requirements for satisfactory hydraulic performance of
(based on Recommendations from HI 9.8)
rectangular intake structures include the following:

Adequate depth to limit velocities in the pump bays and reduce the
potential for formulation of surface vortices.
Adequate pump bay width, in conjunction with the depth, to limit the
Pump bay inlet velocity should be 1 foot per second (maximum 1.5 foot per second)
Specify sump dimensions in multiple of pump bell diameters D
Dimension B between pump centerline and back wall is .75D
Inlets for each pump should be minimum 2D between walls
maximum pump approach velocities to 1.5 ft/s, but narrow and long
Sump floor needs 5D from pump centerline to a break or abrupt change
enough to channel flow uniformly toward the pumps.
Angle of sump changes should not exceed 10 degrees
Pumps should NOT be lined up in a narrow channel in the direction of
Distance between the inlet bell and floor should be .3D to .5D
the flow path. The final pump in the channel would not receive as
Normal low water level is S minimum pump submergence plus floor clearance
much flow as the first pump in the channel.
Low level alarm should be installed
11
12
5/28/2014
Design Guidelines
Turbine Pump Concrete Sump
Design Guidelines
Minimum Submergence
(based on Recommendations from HI 9.8)
Add wall thickness to

distance of S
Round wall ends
D dimension is the
diameter of the suction bell
measured at the inlet.
Minimum 2D for each pump
inlet between walls
S dimension is 2D plus
divider wall thickness
Flow velocity, V, not exceed
1 fps maximum
Dimension B should be
.75D as shown to back wall
Gap at rear of wall

approximately .75D
0.5
Where:
FD = Froude number at D (dimensionless)
V = Velocity at suction inlet = Flow/Area, based on D
D = Outside diameter of bell or inside diameter of pipe inlet
g = gravitational acceleration
Consistent units must be used for V, D, and g so that FD is dimensionless. The minimum
submergence S shall be calculated from where the units of S are those used for D.
.75D
14
Minimum submergence S is required to prevent strong air core vortices is based

in part on a dimensionless flow parameter, the Froude number, defined as:
15
Design Guidelines
Minimum Submergence
Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH)
Many pump
manufacturers offer
minimum submergence
S recommendations
16
17
17
Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH)

NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head) is the total suction head in feet of
the liquid being pumped (at the centerline of the impeller eye) less
the absolute vapor pressure of the liquid being pumped.
NPSH
ha
Calculation
34 ft.
Atmospheric
Pressure
hvpa =.839 @ 70oF
NPSHA = ha hvpa hst hfs

Where:
ha = absolute pressure (in feet of liquid being pumped) on the
surface of the liquid supply level (if open tank, barometric
pressure); or the absolute pressure existing in a closed tank
hvpa = the head in feet corresponding to the vapor pressure of the
liquid at the temperature being pumped
hst = static height in feet that the liquid supply level is above or below
the pump centerline or impeller eye
hfs = all suction losses (in feet) including entrance losses and friction
losses through pipe, valves, and fittings, etc.
Pumping
Level
hst
10 ft.
hfs
19
NPSHA = ha - hvpa+ hst - hfs
5/28/2014
34 ft.
Atmospheric
Pressure
NPSH
ha
Calculation
Design Guidelines
Floor Clearance
hvpa =.839 @ 70oF
The pump manufacturer

can make recommendations
for floor clearance
Pumping
Level
hst
10 ft.
hfs
20
43 = 34- .839+ 10 - 0
21
Angle of sump changes should not exceed 10o
Angle of sump changes should not exceed 10o
Water
Fill
Water
Fill
Maximum sump velocity of 1 ft per second. Minimum 5D inlet distance before a

sump break. Back wall .75D distance to pump center line.
Avoid abrupt changes in inlet sump floor close to pump.
Incorrect Floor Transition

22
Angle of sump changes 10o

Distance to change 5D
Water
Fill
Water
Fill
Schematic plan and cross-section view of a pump station with open channels to the
pumps.
Correct Floor Transition
10o
5D
25
5/28/2014
Entrained air can cause reduction

in discharge and loss of efficiency.
May require screen and distance.
Strong surface vortex

with an air core will result
in cavitation, uneven
load, noise and vibration.
Maximum sump velocity
1 foot per second.
A non-uniform approach inlet flow leads to pre-swirl and uneven velocity into the
pump inlet which can overload the motor, reduce pump performance, create noise,
vibration and bearing wear.
26
27
Flow Patterns
The material presented in the following section is provided for the convenience of the
intake design engineer in correcting unfavorable hydraulic conditions of existing
Open vs.
Partitioned
Structures
intakes. None of the remedial measures described herein are part of the standard
intake design recommendations provided in H I Standard section 9.8.
If multiple pumps are installed in

a single intake structure, then
Physical model studies of intake structures and pump suction piping
dividing walls placed between the
A properly conducted physical model study is a reliable method to identify
pumps result in more favorable
unacceptable flow patterns at the pump suction for given sump or suction piping
flow conditions than found in
designs and to derive acceptable intake sump or piping designs. As described in H I
open sumps. Adverse flow
Section 9.8.4
patterns can frequently occur if

dividing walls are not used. For
pumps with design flows greater
than 5000 gpm, dividing walls
between pumps are required.
28
29
Open Sump Flow Patterns
Flow separation line
Partitioned Sump Flow Patterns
Curved wall to
prevent flow
separation at
entrance
2 Pumps running, no partitions

30
31
5/28/2014
Sidewall Flow Patterns
Straight Line Flow Patterns
1 wall parallel, 1 wall perpendicular

32
33
Wing Wall Flow Patterns
Wing walls, w/crosscurrents
Non-Wing Wall Flow Patterns
Wing walls, w/no crosscurrents
34
No wing walls,
w/crosscurrents
No wing walls, w/no

crosscurrents
35
Multi-Pump Flow Patterns
1 Pump Running
36
Straight Approach
2 Pumps Running
2 Pumps Running
37
5/28/2014
Example Project
3 Pumps Running
38
Modular Cells
39
5200 Ton Central Plant
For concrete basin applications
Concrete cold water basin

4 basinless factory modules
Extends equipment life
Reduces installation cost and
time
Consistent CTI Performance
without field testing
40
41
42
43
5/28/2014
Thank you!
44

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5/28/2014

there are points that can be addressed in

Cooling Towers In Healthcare

Turbine Pumps provide:

the pump to operate away from

Proven pumping option used in

the optimum design conditions

and at lower hydraulic efficiency.

Incoherent Surface Swirl

Surface Dimple with Coherent Surface

Surface Dimple with

Avoid cross flow patterns of the intake

Fully Developed Vortex

Intake Structures for Clear Liquids

Intake Structures for Clear Liquids

Recommendations for Dimensioning

Basic design requirements for satisfactory hydraulic performance of

(based on Recommendations from HI 9.8)

rectangular intake structures include the following:

Sump floor needs 5D from pump centerline to a break or abrupt change

enough to channel flow uniformly toward the pumps.

Angle of sump changes should not exceed 10 degrees

Pumps should NOT be lined up in a narrow channel in the direction of

much flow as the first pump in the channel.

Low level alarm should be installed

Add wall thickness to

Gap at rear of wall

Minimum submergence S is required to prevent strong air core vortices is based

Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH)

Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH)

hvpa =.839 @ 70oF

NPSHA = ha hvpa hst hfs

NPSHA = ha - hvpa+ hst - hfs

hvpa =.839 @ 70oF

The pump manufacturer

Angle of sump changes should not exceed 10o

Angle of sump changes should not exceed 10o

Maximum sump velocity of 1 ft per second. Minimum 5D inlet distance before a

Incorrect Floor Transition

Angle of sump changes 10o

Correct Floor Transition

Entrained air can cause reduction

Strong surface vortex

If multiple pumps are installed in

Physical model studies of intake structures and pump suction piping

dividing walls placed between the

A properly conducted physical model study is a reliable method to identify

pumps result in more favorable

flow conditions than found in

designs and to derive acceptable intake sump or piping designs. As described in H I

open sumps. Adverse flow

patterns can frequently occur if

Open Sump Flow Patterns

Flow separation line

Partitioned Sump Flow Patterns

2 Pumps running, no partitions

Sidewall Flow Patterns

Straight Line Flow Patterns