TEST

1) A juggler tossing juggling balls can handle two balls per second; i.e it takes at least 0.5
seconds to catch a ball with one hand and start it upwards again with the other hand. If he is
juggling five balls altogether, to what minimum height must he throw them?
2) A rocket, total mass 1.00 104 kg, is launched vertically; eighty per cent of the mass being
fuel. At ignition, time t = 0, the thrust equals the weight of the rocket. The ejected exhaust
gases have a speed of 9.00 102 ms-1. Assuming the rate of fuel consumption and the
acceleration due to gravity are constant, calculate: (i) the mass, m, of gases ejected per second
(ii) the acceleration, ae, of the rocket when the fuel is almost exhausted at time te
(iii) the mass, M, in terms of t, of the rocket at time t
(iv) the acceleration, a, in terms of t, of the rocket at time t, where 0 t te
(v) Sketch a graph of the acceleration, a, of the rocket from t = 0 to t = .
3) A neutron moving through heavy water strikes, head on, an isolated stationary deuteron. (i)
Assuming the mass m of the neutron is equal to half that of the deuteron, show that the ratio
2
of the final speed of the deuteron, vd, to the incident speed of the neutron, un, is 3 . (ii)
Determine the percentage of the initial kinetic energy acquired by the deuteron.
(iii) How many such collisions would be required to slow the neutron down from 10 MeV to
0.0l eV?
4) A double star consists of two stars, each with the same mass as our Sun, MS, separated by a
distance d. They are observed to complete a full rotation about their centre of mass in one
d
week. Determine, to two significant figures, the ratio R SE , where RSE is the Sun-Earth

source of white lig

0.35 m
0.50 m

CD

distance, without assuming the numerical value of MS.

5) A white light shines vertically down on a horizontal CD ROM disc. The disc is viewed by
a teacher whose eye is a horizontal distance 0.50 m from the disc and 0.35 m vertically above
its horizontal plane, as shown in the diagram. A yellow light of wavelength 590 nm is
observed due to first order diffraction.
(i) Deduce the spacing d between adjacent tracks of the CD ROM.

(ii) The CD ROM is tilted, clockwise through an angle of 5o. Determine the wavelength now
observed.

6)

U 238
92
has a very long half life and decays through a series of daughter products ending
238

with a stable isotope of lead. Very old samples of U 92

ore, which have not undergone

physical or chemical changes, would be expected to show an equilibrium between the

238

daughter elements provided that their half life was considerably shorter than that of U 92

238
238
Analysis of an ore of U 92 shows that for each 1.00 g of U 92 there is 0.300 g of
226

Ra88

. The half life of

226

Ra88

238

is 1602 years. What is the half life of U 92

1) A mass M = 100 kg hangs from one end of a uniform beam of length 3.00 m and mass m =
T
2.00 kg. The other end is hinged to a vertical wall at P. A
horizontal cable, of negligible mass, is attached to the beam at a
m
point 2.00 m from P to hold the beam in equilibrium at an angle
of 30 to the horizontal. Calculate
30
P
(i) the tension T in the cable.
(ii) the force of the hinge on the beam.
2) Two identical cylindrical containers, A and B, both of volume V and negligible thermal
capacity, are connected by a valve C, which is initially closed. Cylinder
P
A contains n moles of a monatomic gas, at temperature T and with
3
R
specific heat capacity per mol of 2
. It is fitted with a piston P
yV
which is initially fully withdrawn. B is closed evacuated cylinder. The
valve C is opened and the gas is driven into B by pushing home the
A
piston at such a rate that the pressure, p, in A remains constant. It comes
to rest after being dissipated through a volume yV. The final temperature
of the gas is Tf.
(i) Write down the initial and final gas equations for the system.
C
(ii) Determine the work done W by the piston and the internal energy U
gained by the gas.
T
(iii) Deduce the numerical value of the ratio T f .
3) The present day abundances of the isotopes U-238 and U-235 are in the ratio 140:1. They
have half lives, respectively, of 4.5 109 and 7.1 108 years. Estimate the age of the Earth
assuming that equal amounts of each isotope existed at the formation of the Earth.
4) In an experiment to investigate the photoelectric effect, light of wavelength is incident
on a metal surface and a current is produced. The current is suppressed by supplying a
potential difference V between the metal surface and the collecting plate.

(a) (i) Derive, with a full explanation, an equation relating , V and the work function W of
the metal.
(ii) Why does the classical explanation of the photoelectric effect fail to explain the
experimental results?
(b) The results obtained in the experiment are given in the table:
(i) Verify graphically that the results follow the relationship derived in (a) (i).
(ii) Determine h and W from the graph.
(iii) Obtain the threshold frequency f0 for photoelectric
emission.
(iv) What is the effect of doubling the incident light
intensity?

H
5) A marksman on the ground at A fires his rifle in the
direction of a stationary clay pigeon located in a tower at B,
height H, at a horizontal distance L from A. At this instant
the pigeon is released and falls vertically, under gravity.
Verify that the bullet strikes the pigeon during
A
its fall.
-9
L
V/V
/10 m
1) A machine gun fires
1.0
200
bullets of mass 10 g at a
2.0
196
speed of 12 kms-1. If the
3.0
158
gunner can exert an average
force of up to 80 N against
4.0
144
the gun, calculate the
maximum number of bullets
that he can fire per minute.
Sketch a force-time graph of the recoil force of the gun on the shoulder of the gunner, and
show, graphically, what is understood by the average force?
2) A pond with water of density is covered to a depth b by oil of density

. A long
3

stick of square cross-section, 4b 4b, with the same density as the oil, floats in the pond.
What fraction of the stick is immersed?
3) (a) A lead bullet at 320 K is stopped by a sheet of steel so that it reaches its melting point
of 600 K and completely melts. If 80 % of the kinetic energy of the bullet is converted into its
internal energy, calculate the speed with which the bullet hit the steel sheet. The specific heat
capacity of lead is 0.12 kJkg-1K-1 and its specific latent heat of fusion is 21 kJkg-1.
(b) An accurate thermometer, of heat capacity 20 JK-1, reads 18 C. It is then placed in 0.250
kg of water and both reach the same final temperature of 50.0 C. Calculate the temperature
of the water before the thermometer was placed in it. The specific heat capacity of water is
4200 Jkg-1K-1.
4) A large tank contains water to a depth of 1.00 m and stands on the floor. Water spurts from
a small hole in the side of the tank 20 cm below the level of the surface. Calculate:
(i) the speed with which the water emerges from the hole,
(ii) the distance measured from the base of the tank at which the water strikes the floor,
(iii) the height above the floor at which a second hole should be drilled so that water ejected
hits the floor at the same point as in (ii).

5) Calculate the mass of electrons Me, in terms of the fraction of the Earths mass ME, that is
required to be taken from the Earth to the Moon in order to double the force of attraction
between these two bodies. Assume Me is much less than ME. The mass of the Moon is
0.0123ME.
6) A copper rod of length L is pivoted at its midpoint and rotates about the a horizontal axis
perpendicular to its length, in a vertical plane, with a constant angular frequency . A
uniform magnetic field flux density B exists parallel to the axis.
What is the magnitude of the e.m.f developed between:
(i) the centre and one end of the rod? (ii) the ends of the rod?
(iii) the ends of the rod when the pivot is moved to a point a distance x from one end?
7) 20 identical electric lamps, each of 12 V, are connected in series to a 240 V mains supply.
The total power consumed is 24 W.
(i) What is the resistance of each lamp?
(ii) If one lamp is short circuited, what is the power consumed?
(iii) When one of the lamps is tested by applying a p.d of 0.10 V, a 10 mA current is
measured. Explain.
8) A uranium bearing rock contains 9 uranium atoms to every 8 helium atoms. Assuming the
decay process, which converts a uranium atom into a lead atom, involves the emission of 8
alpha particles, calculate the age of the rock. The half life of uranium is 4.5 109 years.
1) (a) A car starts from rest at time t = 0 and travels with constant acceleration a1 for time t1.
From t1 to t2 it travels with constant speed u. After t2 a retarding acceleration is applied, of
initial magnitude a2, which decreases linearly to zero at time t3 when the car comes to rest.
Sketch the (i) acceleration-time graph, (ii) velocity-time graph, (iii) displacement-time graph.
(b)Two waveforms are travelling in opposite directions as shown in the diagram. Use the
principle of superposition to sketch 3 labeled diagrams to show the resultant wave forms
when point O reaches A, B and C.

(c) Rain is falling vertically at 8.0 ms-1. The rain drops make tracks on the side of a car
window at an angle of 30 below the horizontal. Calculate the speed of the car.
2) In an interference experiment a monochromatic point source of light S produces
interference fringes on a distant vertical screen. A point P on the screen the direct ray SP and
the reflected ray SAP produced by a horizontal mirror that meets the screen at O interfere.
(a) Explain why the reflected ray can be considered to come from the reflected image of S in
the mirror.
(b) Why is the interference pattern similar to that produced in a Youngs double slit
experiment?

(c) Explain the nature of the zero order fringe.

S
P
A

mirror

screen
3) (a) An electron and a positron annihilate each other to produce two -rays. Calculate the
minimum energy of the photons?
(b) A point source of -rays has a half life of 30 minutes. The initial count rate, determined by
a Geiger counter placed 2.0 m from the source, is 360 s-1. The distance between the counter
and the source is changed. After 90 minutes the count rate is 5.0 s-1. What is the distance
between the source and the counter?
1) (a) Estimate the rate of working of a students heart if it pumps 7.5 10-5 m3 of blood at
each beat against a pressure of 19 kPa.
(b) Calculate the energy required for a man, mass m, to jump 1 m on the Earth and the size of
the smallest body in the solar system from which a man will be unable to escape by jumping.
The radius of Earth as 6.38106 m.
2) Two identical balls, A and B, each of mass m are joined by a massless spring, spring
constant k. They are at rest on a smooth horizontal surface. A ball C, mass M and velocity V0,
strikes B. All balls are constrained to move along a straight line.

m
V0

(a) (i) Write down the energy and momentum equations for the collision in which,
immediately after impact, the velocities of the balls are VA, VB and VC in the direction of V0.
(ii) Verify, by substitution into equations, that there are two solutions:
M m
2M
V C =V 0
V B =0
V A =0
V A =0
V C=
V0
V B=
V
,
,
and
,
M +m
M +m 0 ,
(iii) Why must the first solution be rejected? Explain why

V A =0

(iv) Deduce the velocity, after collision, of the centre of mass of the system consisting of A
and B.
(b) Considering the subsequent motion of A and B in their centre of mass system. Assume
that their displacements, in their centre of mass system, about their initial positions following

the impact are given by x= Asint , where x is measured in the direction of the centre
of mass, A is the amplitude, is the angular frequency and t is the time measured
from the instant of collision. Find an expression for (i) , (ii) A , (ii) the position of B,
xB

, measured from the instant of collision.

3) A small sound transmitter T radiates uniformly in all directions and at four times the power
of each of two similar transmitters, S and S , which are situated a distance l=0.25 m on
1

either side of T, along a north-south line. T is wired to be at 180 out of phase with S1 and S2.
All three transmitters emit a 200 kHz signal. A small receiver, R, is placed a distance
d=10.0 m due east of T and slowly moved eastwards; being, in general, a distance x
from T, x 10.0 m . The speed of sound is 330 ms-1.
(a) Show that the path difference

p=S1 RTR

is given approximately by

p=

1
32 x ,

x 10 .
1

1
2
(Note: ( 1+ y ) 1+ 2 y for

y1 )

(b) When all transmitters are on, determine the condition for the intensity of the signal at R to
be: (i) a maximum, (ii) a minimum, (iii) where do these maxima and minima occur? (iv)
Sketch the variation of the intensity I against x , for x 10 , when all transmitters
are on.
(c) At the position(s) of maximum signal intensity the following transmitters are switched off:
(i) S1 and S2, (ii) T. State, with a reason, by what factor the power received falls in each case.
(d) Indicate graphically how the intensity I of the signal received at R varies with x
when (i) T is switched off, (ii) S2 is switched off.
1) (a) Six identical numbered cubes,
each of mass m, lie in a straight line on a
smooth horizontal table, touching
adjacent cubes. A constant force F is
applied along the line of cubes. Find (i) the acceleration of the system, (ii) the resultant force
on each cube, (iii) the force exerted on the fifth cube by
3V
the fourth cube.
(b) The battery has an e.m.f 3V and all resistors are
identical with resistance 1. Determine the current I
through the battery.
2) The explosion of an atomic bomb in the atmosphere
produces a spherical fireball of radius R(t) at time t

following detonation. The

constant energy

E released at this instant depends on

R , t

and

, where

is

the density of the atmosphere. The relation between these parameters is given by
E= R t 2 , where and are constants.
(a) Explain how, from a graph, you could
(i) Verify that the given relationship is valid.
(ii) deduce the relation between E and
(iii) obtain the value of

from the graph

(b) Determine the theoretical value of obtained by equating units in the equation.
3) (a) A uniform parallel beam, of alpha particles, number per unit volume and velocity u,
travels along the z-axis. Consider a plane perpendicular to
the z-axis consisting of concentric circles, centres on the zaxis with radii nt, where the constant t is the radial
distance between adjacent circles and n is an integer (0, 1,
2,
3,.....)
(i) Determine the number N of alpha particles per second
that pass through an annulus between the nth and (n + 1)th
circle.
(ii) Sketch the graph of N against n.
(b) The beam of alpha particles encounters a fixed gold nucleus consisting of 79 protons and
118 neutrons.
gold nucleus
-particles
(i) Sketch the trajectories of the three alpha particles
z
(ii) Why are relatively few particles scattered through
large angles?
(iii) What is the largest angle through which a particle
is scattered?
(iv) Why do bound electrons, in orbit around the gold nucleus, have a negligible influence on
the alpha particle trajectories?
(c) (i) Determine the distance of closest approach

r1

of an alpha particle to the nucleus.

(ii) If the gold nucleus is free to move and initially at rest, what is the velocity of an alpha
r ?
particle relative to the gold nucleus at the distance of closest approach 2
Find a value
for

r2

in this case. Assume the masses of the neutron and proton are both equal to m .

1) A man in an elevator pulling on a rope that goes over a pulley and is

attached to the top of the elevator. The person has a mass of 70 kg and the
elevator a mass of 30 kg.
(a) If the elevator accelerates upwards at 0.5 ms-2, find the reaction force on
man from the elevator floor.
(b) If the force the man exerts on the elevator floor is 300 N, find the
acceleration of the elevator.

the

2) (a) The magnitude of the magnetic flux density B at a distance r from an infinite straight
0 I
0
B=
wire carrying a current I is given by
is the permeability of free
2 r , where
space. Show that the force per unit length
currents

I1

direction of

and
F

I2

, a distance r

between two infinite parallel wires carrying

0 I 1 I 2
F=
apart, is given by
2 r . Indicate the

in a diagram.

(b) Sketch a graph of the resultant magnetic flux density

Br

against distance

along

the infinite line through the two wires, in a plane perpendicular to the wires, each with current
I , flowing (i) in the same direction (ii) in opposite directions.
(c) Power line conductors are arranged as a set of three parallel wires, each
carrying a current of 200 A in the same direction, and separated from each
other by 0.50 m. Determine the force per metre on each wire.

0.50 m

3) (a) A beam of 450 nm light is incident on a metal having work function 2.0 eV and placed
in a magnetic field of strength B. The most energetic electrons emitted perpendicular to the
field are bent in circular arcs of radius 20 cm. Find the value of B.
(b) A monochromatic light of wavelength is incident on an isolated metallic sphere of
radius a. The threshold wavelength is 0 which is larger than . Find the number of
photoelectrons emitted before the emission of photoelectrons will stop.
4) A particle A of mass 2m and carrying charge q is connected
by a light rigid rod of length L to another particle B of mass m
and carrying a charge -q. The system is placed in an electric
field of strength E. After the system settles into equilibrium,
one particle is given a small push in the transverse direction so
that the rod makes a small angle 0 with the electric field. Find
an expression, in terms of quantities given, for
(a) the period of the angular oscillation.
(b) the maximum tension in the rod.
(Note: sin for small )

1) A bullet leaves the 1.20 m barrel of an air pressure rifle at a horizontal speed of 310 ms-1.

(i) Calculate the acceleration of the bullet in the barrel assuming it to be constant.
(ii) If the bullet emerges from the barrel after two complete rotations, estimate its final
rotational speed in radians per second.
(iii) Suggest an advantage of having a barrel that causes the bullet to rotate?
(iv) In practice the acceleration of the bullet is not constant. Sketch a graph of the expected
variation, with distance, and explain the variation.
2) A piston chamber of cross section area A is filled with ideal
gas. A sealed piston of mass m is right at the middle height of the
cylinder at equilibrium. The friction force between the chamber wall
and the piston can be ignored. The mass of the rest of the chamber is
M. The atmosphere pressure is P0. Now slowly pull the piston upwards,
find the maximum value of M such that the chamber can be lifted off
the ground. The temperature remains unchanged.
3) The diagram shows a photo-electric apparatus. Photons
wavelength

enter the evacuated glass tube containing an

of
C

anode A and a cathode C. The photons striking the cathode

V0
release photoelectrons. A voltage
exists across CA so

that

some photoelectrons just reach A.

(i) Explain the polarity of the cathode.
(ii) Why is the photon theory necessary to explain the photoelectric effect?
V0
(iii) Derive an expression, in terms of
and
, for the greatest photon wavelength,
C
, that results in the net emission of photoelectrons.
4) On average 200 MeV of energy is released when a
power station using
minimum mass of

235
92

235
92

235
92

nucleus undergoes fission. A

as fuel can operate up to a power level of 800 MW. What is the

used each day when operating continuously at this power level.

5) (a) An electron in a hydrogen atom makes a transition from its ground state, energy
E0=13.60 eV , to first excited state, energy E1=3.40 eV .
(i) Deduce that a photon has been emitted or absorbed? (ii) Determine the wavelength of the
photon, (iii) What is the ionization energy of the atom?
(b) How do the energy levels of a bound electron in the hydrogen atom differ from those of a
free electron?
2
(c) A stationary positron, with rest energy me c , decays into two photons of equal
wavelength

. (i) Why are the wavelengths equal? (ii) What differences arise if the positron

is not stationary? (iii) Calculate

(d) An X-ray of wavelength

is scattered by a stationary electron producing a directly back

b
scattered X-ray of wavelength
. The electron acquires a, non-relativistic, energy of 5.00
keV. Determine the wavelength

6) Five identical 1 F capacitors are connected as shown. Find the effective capacitance
between point-A and point-B.

Upper 6 Test 1
1) The circuit shows a bridge rectifier with an alternating voltage applied to it. The
alternating voltage varies with time by the equation V =17 cos (500 t) . The output
terminals A and B are joined by a 1k resistor R.
(a) On the diagram, draw four diodes symbols to complete the diagram of the rectifier such
that terminal A of the resistor R is positive with respect to terminal B.
(b) Referring to the circuit in part (a), sketch a graph to show how the p.d across AB varies
with time. Label all axes.
(c) Determine the mean power dissipated in the resistor R.
(d) State the effect, if any, on the mean power dissipated in the resistor R when one of the
diodes is removed.
2) (a) Define capacitance of an isolated conductor.
(b) Explain why the definition in (a) is inappropriate for an insulator.
(c) An isolated conducting sphere of radius 6.85 cm has a charge of + 1.25 nC on it. Calculate
the potential energy stored in the electric field of this conductor. State any assumption in the
formula you use.

3) Light of frequency 4.8 x 1014 Hz is incident normally on a double slit, as illustrated in the
diagram.

Each slit of the double slit arrangement is 0.10 mm wide and the slits are separated by
1.5 mm. The pattern of fringes produced is observed on a screen at a distance 2.6m from
the double slit.
(a) (i) Show that the width of each slit is approximately 160 times the wavelength of the
incident light. (ii) Hence explain why the pattern of fringes on the screen is seen over a
limited area of the screen.
(b) Calculate the separation of the fringes observed on the screen.
(c) The intensity of the light incident on the double slit is increased. State the effect, if any,
on the separation and on the appearance of the fringes.
4) A standing wave in the second harmonic is established on a string with both ends fixed.
The speed of the wave is 180 ms-1.

(a) Explain the meaning of wave speed in the context of standing waves.
(b) Consider the vibrations of two points on the string, P and Q. The displacement of point P
is given by the equation y=5.0 cos ( 45 t) , where y is in mm and t is in seconds. Calculate
the length of the string.
(c) State the phase difference between the oscillation of point P and that of point Q. Hence
write down the equation giving the displacement of point Q.

5) The figure shows light waves of wavelength 550 nm incident

at 30 with the normal of a diffraction grating. The slit

30
550 nm

Iron core

primary
Coil
O
Input
O

separation of the grating is 1.5 m. In which direction relative to the normal will the observer
see the first order fringe?

6) The diagram shows a simple transformer.

(a) Use the law(s) of electromagnetic induction to explain why the input voltage and output
e.m.f have the same frequency but are not in phase.
(b) Explain why eddy currents are induced in the iron core of transformer.

7) A rod slides from rest over a wire in the shape of a

inclined at angle to the horizontal. The rod has a mass
m, length L, resistance R and the magnetic field strength
B is uniform and directed vertically upwards. Find an
expression, in terms of g, L, R, B, m and , for the
terminal velocity reached by the rod on its way down.
Test U6 TEST 2 - 50 Marks
1) In a Millikans oil drop experiment, an oil drop of mass 2 10-12 g is observed to fall with
a terminal velocity 0.06 mms-1. When a vertical electric field of 1200 Vcm -1is applied, the oil
drop is observed to move upward with a terminal velocity of 0.12 mms -1. Calculate the charge
on the oil drop.
[4]

Seconda
Coil

outp

2) Hydrogen ions are passed through a mass spectrometer and it is found that two paths of
different radii are taken to the deflector plate. Explain this observation.
[4]
Radius of path

m
q

[1]

All hydrogen ions have same + charge q and so

r m

[1]

Hydrogen in the spectrometer has two isotopes such that the

heavier one has a greater radius [1]
3) (a) A sodium lamp is arranged to shine light on a white screen. A Bunsen flame is then
placed between the lamp and the screen. Describe and explain what will be seen on the screen
if a wire dipped in a salt solution is placed in the flame.
[4]
Answer : A dark shadow across the flame is seen [1]
Photons in the light from sodium lamp are absorbed by the sodium
atoms in the salt [1]
On de-excitation, photons are re-emitted in all directions. [1]
So there are less photons in the direction of incident light [1]
(b) Explain why isolated atoms may emit more frequencies of light than they can absorb. [3]
Answer 3(b) When an atom emits light, an electron in the atom
moves from an excited state to the ground state in a single
transition or in several transitions [1]
An electron occupies any excited state only for a very short time [1]
When an atom absorbs light, it is more likely that it causes an
electron to move from ground state to an excited state rather than
from an excited state to a higher excited state [1]
4) (a) When monochromatic light is incident on a metal plate, electrons are emitted only
when the frequency of light exceeds a certain threshold value. Explain, in terms of energy,
why this threshold frequency exists.
[3]
(b) The intensity of the light is then increased. Explain why
(i) the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons remains unchanged.
[2]
(ii) the rate of number of emitted electrons increases.
[2]
Answer: 4(a) energy of a photon increases with frequency [1]
Electrons need a minimum amount of energy to leave the metal [1]
This amount of energy is equal given by Plancks constant
threshold frequency. [1]
4 (b) (i) Energy of a photon is independent of the intensity of light
[1]
So electrons in the metal gain no extra energy [1]

(ii) Intensity of light is directly proportional to the rate of number of

incident photons for a given frequency. [1]
So there are more photons interacting with electrons in the metal
per unit time. [1]
(c) The stopping potential for electrons emitted from a surface illuminated by light of
wavelength 491 nm is 0.710V. When the incident wavelength is changed to a new value, the
stopping potential is 1.43 V. Calculate the new wavelength.
[4]
Answer : 328 nm
5) The diameter of a gold atom can be estimated as 3.0 10-10 m using the density and molar
mass of gold. In an alpha scattering experiment, when alpha particles are directed at a gold
foil about 0.6 m thick, one in 8000 are deflected by angles greater than 90 (backscattered).
Use the information given to show that an atom is about 104 times the diameter of its nucleus.
[5]
6) A balloon is filled with helium gas at room temperature and pressure (23C, 1.01105 Pa).
Calculate (a) the average de Broglie wavelength of the helium atoms, (b) the average distance
between the atoms under these conditions, (c) Can the atoms be treated as particles under
these conditions?
[8]
7) (a) A U-238 nucleus decays by emitting a 4.196 MeV alpha particle. Calculate the energy
released during the alpha decay.
[3]
(b) The mass of neutron cannot be found using a mass spectrometer as neutrons have no
charge. When a neutron and a proton meet (assume both to be almost stationary), they
combine and form a deuteron, emitting a gamma ray whose energy is 2.2233 MeV. The mass
of proton and the deuteron are 1.007825035 u and 2.01410194 u respectively. Find the mass
of the neutron from these data, to as many significant figures as the data warrant.
[4]
8) Mass spectrometric analysis of potassium and argon atoms in a Moon rock sample shows
that the ratio of the number of stable argon-40 atoms present to the number of radioactive
potassium-40 atoms is 10.3. Assume that all the argon atoms were produced by the decay of
potassium atoms, with a half-life of 1.25 109 years. How old is the rock?
[4]

Physics TEST U6 year 2015

1) An object of about 10 kg is measured by a not-soideal balance. The pivot is provided by a 4.0 mm wide
ribbon, so the uncertainty of the position of the pivot is
4 mm. All distances on the scale are measured from the
midpoint of the ribbon. Estimate the percentage error if
the weight of the object is measured using this balance.

2) A small ball is projected up a smooth inclined plane

with an initial speed of 9.8 m/s along the direction at 30 to the
bottom edge of the slope. It returns to the edge after 2 s. The ball is in
contact with the inclined plane throughout the process. What is the
inclination angle of the plane?

3) There are two elastic balls nearly touch each other. The line joining their
centre of mass is vertical. They fall at a height 1 m freely. The mass of the ball at
the bottom is 10 times the mass of the ball at the top. Assuming the collision
1m
between the ball and the ground and the collision between the balls are elastic,
find the maximum height of the ball at the top after rebounce.
ground

4) A block has an initial kinetic energy of 128 J. It slides up

from point A at the bottom of the inclined plane with
uniform deceleration. When it passes point B, its kinetic
energy is reduced by 80 J, and its mechanical energy is
reduced by 35 J. Calculate the work done against friction
when the block moves from A to the highest point C on the
inclined plane.

5) A spherical cave of radius

R
2

was carved out from a uniform

sphere of radius R and original mass M. The center of the cave is at

R
2 from the center of the large sphere. Point P is at a distance 2R
from the center of the large sphere and on the joint line of the two
centers. Find the gravitational field strength g at point P in terms of G, M and R.

6) A conducting rod with resistance r per unit length

is moving inside a vertical magnetic field B at

speed v on two horizontal parallel ideal conductor
rails. The ends of the rails are connected to a
resistor R. The separation between the rails is d.
The rod maintains a tilted angle to the rails. Show that
the external force required to keep the rod moving is
B2 d 2 v 2
F=
given by
r ( d / sin )+ R
.
7) An electron is moving at a horizontal velocity of
5106 m/s before it enters a region of uniform
downward electric field. It leaves the region after
traveling a horizontal distance of 20cm. If the
electron is deflected by 4 cm when it reaches a
screen 10 cm from the electric field region, find the
field magnitude.

8) As shown in Fig. (a), a charged particle enters a region of uniform electric field E with
initial horizontal velocity v. When it exits the region, its speed is va. In the second case, the
same particle with the same initial velocity enters the region where a magnetic field B (
E
v<
B ) is added perpendicularly to the original electric field E, as shown in Fig. (b). When
it exits the region, its speed is vb. Compare va with vb, which one is larger? Give brief
explanation in no more than 5 lines.

9) The kinetic energy of a particle in a simple harmonic motion is

energy is

1 2
av
, its potential
2

1 2
bx
, where x is the coordinate for the position of the particle and v is its
2

speed. Show that the frequency of the motion is

1 b
2 a .

10) (a) The average wavelength of light emitted from an incandescent 20 W torch bulb with a
metal filament is 120 nm. If the torch bulb emits a parallel beam of light, calculate the force

on the torch. (b) Calculate the initial acceleration of the torch if it was in empty space and it
had a mass of 200g. (c) If the spectrum of the light remained the same, and the mass of the
torch remained unchanged, what power of torch bulb would be needed in order for it to
levitate in the Earths gravitational field?