Handball
Handball
Handball
Handball is played between two teams, each with six court players
and a goalkeeper.The aim is to throw the ball into the opponent's
goal and defend one's own.
The handball
For the mens game: the ball is 58 to 60cm (22.83 to 23.62in)
in circumference and is 425 to 475g (15 to 16.75oz) in weight.
HISTORY:
Handball is a fast-paced team game that was first played in
Scandinavia and Germany at the end of the 19th century.
European origins
The modern game of handball was first played towards the end of
the 19th century in Scandinavia and Germany. Field handball was
first recognised at the turn of the century and G. Wallstrm
introduced the sport of "handball" to Sweden in 1910.
First competition
The International Amateur Handball Federation (IAHF) was set up in
1928 on the occasion of the Olympic Games in Amsterdam, leading
to the first Field Handball World Championships being played in
Germany in 1938, following its appearance at the 1936 Berlin
Games.
Rival codes
Between 1938 and 1966 both forms of handball were played at
separate World Championships: an outdoor, 11-a-side game played
on a football pitch and a new 7-a-side indoor version preferred by
the Scandinavians.
Olympic history
After 1936, field handball was no longer played at the Games,
except as a demonstration sport in 1952 in Helsinki. Indoor handball
was presented for the first time at the 1972 Olympic Games in
Munich. Yugoslavia was victorious and won the first gold medal after
a competition between 16 mens teams.
The introduction of womens handball to the Games took place in
1976 in Montreal. The Soviet Union won this first womens Olympic
competition, taking home two gold medals after the 11-team mens
competition and the six-team womens one.
Indian History:
In India Handball game and Handball Federation of India was
founded by Mr. Jagat Singh Chauhan from Rohtak (Haryana) who was
an alumnus of YMCA College of Physical Education of Madras (now
Chennai). He was also the first Secretary General of Handball
Federation of India. Mr. Jagat Singh Chauhan was founder/father of
Handball, Netball and Throwball games in India. His efforts in
Germany during Munich Olympics helped in establishing Handball
Federation of India. The Member States were Andhra Pradesh, Uttar
Pradesh, Haryana, Vidharbha and Jammu and Kashmir. The first
Senior Men's National Handball Championship was held at Rohtak
(Haryana) in the year 1972. Haryana won the gold medal and
The goal area is defined by the goal area line, which is drawn as
follows:- (i) 3 meter long line in front of the goal parallel to and 6
metres away fun the goal line and (ii) quarter-circles joining its ends
to the goal line, each with a radius of 6 meters measured from the
rear inner cover of the goal posts.
The Free throw line (a nine metre line) in a broken line, where both
the segments and the space between them measures 15cm. The
line is drawn 3 meters outside, and parallel to the goal area line.
It is parallel to and 7 meters away from the rear edge of, the goal
line, right in front of the goal.
The goal keepers restraining line (the 4meters line) is 15cm long. It
is parallel to and 4 metres away from 15cm long. It is parallel to and
4 metres away from the rear edge of the goal line, right in front of
the goal.
The center line connects the midpoints of the two side lines.
Each of the two substitution lines is limited at a distance of 4.5
meters from the center line by a line which is parallel to the center
line and extends 15cm. into the court. These lines also extend 15cm
outside the court.
All times on the court are part of the area which they enclose. They
shall be 5cm. wide (except as is 1:10) and shall always be clearly
visible.
The goal lines shall be 8cm wide between the goal posts, so that
they match the width of the posts.
The Playing time
The playing time for all male and female teams with players of age
16 and above is 2 valves of 30 minutes with a half time break of 10
minutes.
The playing time for youth teams is 225 minutes in the age group
12-16 and 220 minutes in the age group 8-12 in both cases with a
half time break of 10 minutes. For "minis" is (basically children
under age 8) the playing time is 210 or 215 minutes with a half
time break of 10 minutes.
Note: The cut off dates for the age groups at youth tournaments are
announced in the invitations to such tournaments and should be
noted.
The playing time begins with the court referee's whistle for the initial
throw off. It ends with the automatic final signal from the public
clock or the final signal from the time keeper.
Infractions and unsportsmanlike conduct which take place before or
simultaneously with the final signal are to be punished. The court
referee and the game only after the necessary free throw or 7 meter
throw has been taken and its result has been established. An
infraction during the execution of such a throw cannot, however,
lead to a free throw in the opposite directions.
Note : If a Public clock with an automatic final signal is not available
the
time keeper shall use a table clock or a stop watch and end the
game with a final signal If a public clock is used, it should if possible,
be set to run from 0 to 30 minutes.
The team change ends for the second half of the game.The referees
decide if and when the playing time is to be interrupted and when it
is to he restarted.
They give the timekeeper a signal when the playing time is to be
interrupted (time-out) and restarted.
Interruption of playing times is to be indicated to the time- keeper
through three short blasts on the whistle and the "T" hand signal.
The whistle must always be blown to indicate the restart of the
game after a time out.
The throw must be retaken, if the signal sounds when a free throw of
7 meter is being executed or when the ball is already in the all. The
immediate result of the retaken throw is to be established before the
referees and the game.
Infractions or unsportsmanlike conduct which take place during the
execution of such a free throw or 7 meter throw must be punished.
If the referees determine that the time keeper has given the final
signal too early, they must keep the players on the court and play
the remaining time.
The team which was in possession of the ball at the time of the
premature signal will remain in possession when the game resumes.
If the first half of a game has been terminated too late, the second
half must be shortened correspondingly.If a game is tied at the end
of the normal playing time overtime is allowed following a 5 minute
break. A coin toss determines ball possession and the right to
choose ends.
The overtime period always consists of 2 halves of 5 minutes. The
teams change ends at half-time but there is no half-time break.
If the game is again tied after a first overtime period a second
overtime period is played after a 5 minute break and coin toss. This
overtime period also has 2 halves of 5 minutes. If the game is still
tied, the winner will be determined in accordance with the rules of
the particular competition/ tournament.
Punishments
Working - Warning can be given for
a.fouls and similar infractions which do not full under the
category of punished progressively.
b.such fouls which are to be punished progressively.
c. unsportsmanlike conduct by a player or team official.
Suspension - A suspension (2 minutes) shall be given :
a. for a faulty substitution, if an additional player enters the
court, or if a player illegally interferes with the game from
the substitution area.
b. for repeated fouls of the type that they are to be punished
progressively.
c. for repeated unsportsmanlike conduct by player, on the court or
outside the court.
d. for unsportsmanlike conduct by any one of the officials of a
team, after receiving a warning.
e. for unsportsmanlike conduct of a type that is judged to warrant
a 2 minute suspension on each occasion.
f. as a consequence of a disqualification of a player or a team
official.
for unsportsmanlike conduct by a player before the
game has been restarted, after he had been given a
2 minute suspension.
Passive PlayIt is illegal to keep the ball in a team's possession without
making a recognizable attempt to attack and try to score.
(Free-throw awarded to the other team).
Throw- Of
A throw-off is taken by the team that wins the coin toss and
chooses to start the game with the ball. Each team must be
in its own half of the court with the defense 3 meters away
from the ball. Following a whistle, the ball is passed from
the center court to a teammate and play begins. Throw-off
is repeated after every goal scored and after half-time.
Playing the ballA player allowed to run with the ball for 3 steps to hold
the ball for 3 seconds- Unlimited dribble with 3 steps
allowed before and after dribbling (no double- dribble).
A player is NOT allowed:a. to endanger an opponent with the
b. to pull, hit or punch the ball out of
c. to contact the ball below the knee.
Defending the OpponentA player is allowed to use the torso of the body to
obstruct an opponent with or without the ball. However,
using the outstretched arms or legs to obstruct, push, hold,
trip or hit is NOT allowed. The player attacking player is
not allowed to charge into a defensive player.
Throw-In
A throw-in is awarded when ball goes out of bounds on the
sideline or when the ball is last touched by a defensive
player (excluding the goal-keeeper) and goes out of
bounds over the end line. The throw-in is taken from the
spot where the ball crossed the sideline, or if it crossed the
end line, from the nearest corner. All opposing players
must stay 3 meters away from the ball.
The Referees
1. Two referees with equal authority shall be in charge of each
game. They are assisted by a timekeeper and a scorekeeper.
2. The referees monitor the conduct of the players and team
officials from the moment they enter the premises until they
leave.
3. The referees are responsible for inspection of the playing court,
the goals and the balls before the game starts. They
decide which balls will be used.The referees also establish the
presence of both teams in proper uniforms. They check the
score sheet and the equipment of the players. They ensure that
the number of players and officials in the substitution area is
within the limits and they establish the presence and identity of
the responsible team official for each team.
.
4. The coin toss is undertaken by one of the referees in the
presence of the other referee and the 'responsible team official
on each occasion, or a team official or a player on behalf of the
'responsible team official'.
5. In principle, the entire game shall be conducted by the same
referees. It is their responsibility to ensure that the game is
played in accordance with the rules, and they must penalize any
infractions. If one of the referees becomes unable to finish the
game, the other referee will continue the game alone. (For IHF
and continental events, this situation is handled in accordance
with the applicable regulations).
.
6. If both referees whistle for an infraction and agree about the
team which should be penalized but have different opinions as to
the severity of the punishment, then the severer of the two
punishments shall be given.
7. If both referees whistle for an infraction, or the ball has left the
court, and the two referees have different opinions as to which
team should have possession, then the joint decision that the
referees reach after consulting with each other will apply. If
they do not manage to reach a joint decision, then the opinion
of the court referee will prevail.
8. A time-out is obligatory, Following the consultation between the
referees, they give clear hand signals and the game is
restarted after whistle signal.
9. Both referees are responsible for keeping the score. They also
take notes about warnings, suspensions, disqualifications and
exclusions.
10.
Both referees are responsible for controlling the playing
time. If there is any doubt about the accuracy of the
timekeeping, the referees reach a joint decision.
11. The referees are responsible for ensuring that the score sheet
is completed correctly.
12. Exclusions and disqualifications of the types must be explained
in the match report.
13. Decisions made by the referees on the basis of their
observations of facts or their judgements are final. Appeals that
are not in compliance with the rules.
14. During the game, only the respective 'responsible team
officials' is entitled to address the referees.
15. The referees have the right to suspend a game temporarily or
permanently. Every effort must be made to continue the game
before a decision is taken to suspend it permanently.
16. The black uniform is primarily intended for the referees.
20.
To prepare the sportsman for high level
of performance, the scientific and systematic
tag is very important. To impart systematic and
scientific tag following tips are to be followed:1. Talent identification and its development :
21. Every sports has different requirement
for high performance. In Handball we need
the following qualities for good talent.
22.23.
Tall long leg & Arm
36.
a 38.
24.
37.
High unaerobic and aerobic 39.
b
40. capacity
41.
42.
43.44.
Resistance to fatigue and
45.
c
stress; and 47.
46.
48.49.
Technically and tactically
50.
d
51. intelligent. 52.
53.
54. To identify the above qualities required
for Handball players, the scientific and
systematic development of talent is very
important. Many top talents burn out
because of early achievement. Coaches
should have patience as tall players need
more time to improve the performance.
2. Planning of Training :
55. It is very important to develop elements
of training systematically. In Handball.
56. Technical and tactical try along with
motor abilities is co-ordinative abilities,
strength etc. as well as the psychological
preparation are to be planned in some
definite proportion and sequence.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
3. Safety From Injury :
62.
In Handball the injuries are more
compared to other games / sports. Before
training the players must be physically and
mentally fit. They should know about the
training program one day before so that
they can protect themselves by wearing
suitable equipments.
4. Test & Evaluation :
63.
Periodically there should be tests for
skills and physical qualities as well as
performance should be evaluated in training
matches and in competitions.
64.
Specific Fitness
65.
Playing Handball matches is a specific
fitness training at sub Junior and Junior level.
Keeping in mind the loading factor.
66.
GENERAL FITNESS
67.
Introduction
68.
General fitness is the fitness done on both non
sportsperson and athletes.
69.
For non-sports persons, the general
fitness is mainly to maintain physical and
mental fitness. For athletes general fitness is
very much important to perform the main task
and be ready for the specific.
70.
It consist of warning up where warning
up is done to heat up the body to ready for the
other task.
71.
For Handball, general fitness is very
much important to loosen the joints and to
stretch muscles to prevent injuries.
72.
General fitness can be improved by using
the fine motor abilities such as strength, speed,
endurance, flexibility and co-ordinative abilities.
1. Strength
73.
It is the ability to do any kind of
wrote-out against the resistance some of
the main types of strength are :
74.
(a) General strength, (b) maximum strength and
(c) explosive strength
75.
76.
77.
78.
79. (a)
General Strength :
It is the strength
where we do the workout against normal resistance.
80. e.g. : daily routine workout,
jogging, walking etc. It is not specific for
handball games. It is mainly done by
non-sports persons.
81. (b)
Maximum strength :
Doing any
kind of workout against the
82. maximum resistance is called maximum
strength.
83. To improve maximum strength, given
below are the methods of training: (i)
Repetition Method
84.
Se 85. 86.
3 87.
88.
Re 89. 90.
1 91.
92.
Re 93. 94.
C 95.
96.
In
97. 98.
l
99.
100.
Vo 101. 102.
m 103.
lume
edium
104.
(ii) Internal Method
105.
Se 106. 107.
108.
109.
Re 110. 111.
112.
113.
Re 114. 115.
116.
117.
In
118. 119.
120.
121.
Vo 122. 123.
124.
Medi
125. lume
This ability is required
for making
the best for specific motor ability which
is used in Handball.
126.
(c) Explosive Strength:
The ability to
do workout against the resistance
127. with high speed.
128. It can be divided into three parts.
There are:- (i) start strength, (ii) speed
strength and (iii) strength speed.
129.
(i)
Start strength : The ability to
develop the maximal muscle force during the starting
phase of the movement.
130.
(ii) Strength speed : The ability to
overcome heavy resistance with high speed. Also known
as power.
131.
(iii) Speed strength : The ability to
overcome lower resistance with high speed.
132.
Methods to develop :
a.
Internal Method (intensive)
133.
Se
136.
134. 135.
t
-7
137.
Re
139.
140.
138. 3
petition
141.
Re
142. 10
143.
146.
covery
90 147.
148. 149.
150.
151.
152. 153.
154.
155.
V 156. 157.
158.
olume
Lowexercises with change resistance.
b. Using special
competitive
159. Exercises to improve general strength :
160. Bench exercise, Multi gym exercises with
light weight and high speed on body weight,
exercise with high speed and less repetition.
2. SPEED :
161.
The ability to cover a certain distance with a
minimum possible of time.
162.
(i) Acceleration Ability : It can be
improved by directly or indirectly improving explosive
strength technique and flexibility.
163.
(ii) Speed Endurance :
It can be
improved significantly through speed in training when we
are under condition of fatigue over a certain distance with a
minimum possible of time.
164. Methods to improve :
165.
-Intensive internal method
166.
-Repetition method
3. ENDURANCE
167. The ability to use the sports movements
with the desired quality and speed under
condition of fatigue.
168. Types :
1. According to nature of activity
a.
Basic Exercise : It is the ability to do sports
movements of general nature under condition of fatigue. It
is the combination of aerobic and unaerobic metabolism.
b.
Specific Endurance : Ability to do sports movements
of a particular sports under condition of fatigue.
4. FLEXIBILITY
169. Flexibility is the ability to execute the
movement with greater amplitude or range.
Flexibility is very important for Handball players.
170. Two types of Flexibility :-
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220.
229.
230.
231.
232. SCORING METHOD
233.
A goal is scored when the entire
ball has crossed the entire width of the goal
line, provided that no infraction of the rules
has been committed by the thrower or a
team-mate before or during the throw.
234.
1.A goal shall be allowed if there is an 237.
infraction of the rules by a defender but the
ball still goes into the goal.
235.
2. A goal cannot be awarded, if the
referees or the timekeeper has interrupted
the game before the ball has completely
crossed the goal time.
236.
3. A goal shall be awarded to the
opponents, if a player plays the ball into his
own goal, unless the ball had previously
crossed the outer goal line.
238.
A goal which has been awarded can no longer
be cancelled, once the
239.
referee has brown the whistle for the
subsequent throw - off to be taken.
240.
The team which has scored more goals than the
opponents is the miner.
241.
The game is tied if both teams
have scored the same number of goals or no
goals at all.
242.
243.
244.
245.
246.
247.
248.
249.
250.
251.
252.
253.
254.
255.
256.
257.
Tournaments:
258.
260.
259.
Championship
Categor
261.
263.
National
Games (Men's)
Senior
Men'
s
262.
Champion
y
264.
Current
265.
Service
s (February
2015)
Future
Event
266.
Goa
(November 2016)
268.
267.
National
Games (Women's)
Senior
Wom
269.
Haryana
(February 2015)
270.
Goa
(November 2016)
en's
272.
271.
Handball Championship
Senior
Men'
273.
Service
s (March 2015)
274.
Madhya
Pradesh (October
2015)
276.
275.
Handball Championship
Senior
Wom
278.
277.
Maharashtr
a (December 2015)
en's
280.
279.
Under -
281.
Tamil
National Handball
19
Nadu (Host)
Championship
Boy'
(July 2015)
282.
Indore
(June 2016)
283.
National Handball
Championship
287.
National Handball
Championship
284.
Under 19
285.
Haryana
289.
Delhi (S
286.
Punjab
(September 2015)
Girl's
288.
Under 15
Boy'
eptember 2014)
290.
Jamshedpur
(Jharkhand)
291.
National Handball
Championship
292.
Under 15
293.
294.
Uttar
Pradesh
Girl's
296.
295.
Under -
National Handball
12
Championship
Boy'
297.
298.
Delhi
(October 2015)
s
300.
299.
Handball Championship
Under 12
301.
302.
Chhattisgar
h (October 2015)
Girl's
303.
304.
305.
Indian Women Handball team has won its last match and
secured 7th position in 15th Asian Women Handball
Championship after beating Hong Kong by 28-22 goals, half
time score was 17-10. Banita Sharma scored 8 goals, Ritu 7,
Rimpi 7, Maninder 2, Sanjeeta,Gurmail,Rajwant and Anjana
scored 1 goal each. Although India has improved its position
from last time but long road ahead to reach in Semi's.
306.
307.
308.
In
dia defeat Pakistan in 3
Championship
rd
309.
310.