Hand Signals On Basketball

Basketball Referee Signals
The Referee (Official)

Youth Basketball Referee Signals include Fouls and Violations. The referee is the official judge of the game. All
calls are usually final! Referees make good calls and some not so good calls, but its very important to remember
that being a referee is extremely difficult (they only have a split second to make the call). Referees are attempting
to look at 10 players on the floor while having to listen to irate coaches and parents off the court. Coaches must not
allow their players to lose focus because they are mad at the referees (this can take a player out of the game).
Allow the Referees to do their job, and focus on your job as a coach. You will never see a Referee walk up to a
coach and say I made a bad call and then stop the game to change the call. This will never happen! When a call is
made, it is usually final (good or bad). Coaches must understand the different Youth Basketball Referee Signals in
order to understand the game.
There are Fouls and there are Violations

Fouls are caused by physical contact (holding, pushing), or actions (acting out like you are going to hit another
player but you dont) or even extreme abusive yelling or cussing (technical foul).
Violations are actions by players that break a basketball rule such as traveling, stepping on the line, and back
court.
Prior to each Foul call the referee will first perform this signal
Prior to each Violation the Ref will first perform this signal
Fouls
Fouls are the act of making illegal physical contact with a player while the ball is in play. Fouls can occur from a
defender bumping into a player dribbling the ball, reaching in and/or slapping the offensive player dribbling the ball,
moving their body (bumping) into an offensive player, bumping or hitting a player taking a shot, elbowing a player.
Players cannot elbow, grab / hold, punch, push, scratch at, or trip a player on the other team these are all fouls.
Offensive fouls can occur when the player dribbling the ball runs into a defender who has established position.
Technical fouls can be called on players or coaches who are using unsportsmanlike conduct, too many players on
the court, etc.
Types of Personal Fouls:

Holding Foul A Holding Foul occurs when a defender holds, grabs, or pulls an
offensive player (it doesnt matter if the offensive player has possession of the ball or
not).
Pushing Foul A Pushing Foul occurs when a defender pushes an offensive player or
bumps into the body of an offensive player.
Illegal Use of Hands Foul This is a foul called when a defender slaps, hacks, or
smacks an offensive player with the ball.
setting an illegal screen,
Blocking Foul A Blocking Foul occurs when a defender

uses their body and makes contact with an offensive player
with the ball (could be in the form of running into the player, or
etc).
Charging Foul (Charge) / Player Control Foul A Charging Foul occurs when an
offensive player runs into (or over) a defensive player who already has position (the
defender must first establish position). Other types of player control fouls are when a
dribbler uses an elbow and hits a defender, or excessive physical contact by an offensive
post player trying to gain position. See team fouls below for more information on how an
offensive foul does (or does not) affect team foul totals when in a 1 in 1 situation (when
a team reaches 7 fouls).
Flagrant Foul A foul that is made with extreme contact (violent in nature), and appears to be in an intentional
manner to hurt or injure a player (bumping, elbowing, kicking, pushing, etc). Ex: An offensive player is in the air
(attempting a lay-up) and the defender pulls the players shirt (putting the offensive player in harms way).
Note: At present time there is no specified signal for the Flagrant Foul (the ref uses the intentional foul call signal,
then just verbally indicates that the foul was flagrant).
Intentional Foul A type of foul that is designed to stop the clock. Used mainly at the
end of the game with the coach instructing players to foul in order to stop the clock
for a chance to gain possession of the ball. Remember, a coach should not yell out the
word foul or the referees can call this as an intentional foul (think about it if you yell
out foul and a player fouls, it is intentional, you verbally requested your players to
intentionally foul). Its best to have some sort of signal or special word for this, I hold up
my fist to signal the players to foul whenever the situation calls for it. Intentional fouls can
also be called if there is excessive contact during a foul.
Technical Foul Fouls of unsportsmanlike conduct and / or non-game violations that

referees feel are affecting the game. Misconduct of coaches, players, and spectators can
also draw a technical foul if a referee feels it is necessary to keep the game under
control. The penalty for a technical foul is usually one free throw and possession of the
ball after the free throw is taken (made or missed). If a player or coach receives two
technical fouls in a game it is an automatic disqualification for remainder of the game,
and most high school leagues will suspend the coach or player for a game or two.
Personal Foul Penalties:
Shooting Foul (2 Point Shot) If a player gets fouled while in the act of shooting (and
the referee calls it), the player gets to shoot free throw(s). If the shot is made the player
gets to shoot 1 free throw, you will hear this called And 1. If the shot is not made and a
foul is called the player gets to shoot 2 free throws.
Shooting Foul (3 Point Shot) If a player gets fouled while

in the act of shooting a 3-point shot (and the referee calls it),
the player gets to shoot free throw(s). If the shot is made the
player gets to shoot 1 free throw (which could turn out to be a
4-point play). If the shot is not made, and a foul is called the
player gets to shoot 3 free throws.
Non-Shooting Fouls / Team Fouls:

Non-Shooting
Fouls: If an offensive player is fouled while not in the act of shooting the ball, the ball stays in possession with the
team that the foul was committed on (they will get to inbound the ball out of bounds at the nearest sideline or
baseline). When inbounding the ball the team with possession will have 5 seconds to pass the ball in to another
teammate on the court. All fouls including shooting fouls and non-shooting fouls add up and are counted as team
fouls. Offensive fouls (player control fouls) do not count as a team foul.
Team Fouls: Team fouls are the combined number of fouls that all the players on a team commit during one half of
play. The fouls are totaled up and logged in by the scorekeeper in the official score book. When a team reaches 7
fouls, their opponent will get to shoot free throws this is called a one and one. The player shooting the free
throws gets to shoot 1 free throw, if they make it, they get to shoot another (one and one), if they miss the first free
throw, they dont get to shoot the second free throw. When a team reaches 7+ team fouls, their opponent is said to
be in the bonus (and will start shooting free throws after getting fouled).
When a team reaches 10 (or more) fouls, their opponent will automatically get to shoot 2 free throws. At half time
the team fouls from the first half of the game are zeroed out, and team fouls are totaled all over again during the
second half of the game.
Types of Violations:
Traveling (also called Walking or Walk) If a ball handler takes too many steps while
dribbling the referee can call a violation (considered a turnover by the player and the
possession of the ball goes to the other team). Also if a player has stopped dribbling and
moves their pivot foot this is also considered a traveling (or walking) violation.
Violation / Traveling, Walking
Double Dribble (Illegal Dribble) A dribbling violation occurs when a player stops dribbling
and then attempts to dribble again or if a player attempts to dribble the ball with 2 hands.
Violation / Double Dribble
Carry (also called Palming) A carry occurs when a player dribbles the ball with their
hand too far under the ball (the dribble will look more like a carry than a dribble).
Violation / Carrying the Ball
Backcourt (Backcourt violation) Once the Offensive team has

passed the half court line, they cannot: a) dribble and/or b) pass back
over the half court line. If this occurs, a Backcourt violation will be
called by the referee and possession of the ball will go to the other
team.
Backcourt Violation Signal
Inbound Pass Violation (5-Second Violation) There are time restrictions that a player
has when the ref hands them the ball to pass the ball into play. The player passing in the
ball has five seconds to pass the ball in to another player. If the player fails to pass the
ball in within 5 seconds, the ref will blow the whistle (5-second violation), and the ball is
awarded to the other team.
5-Second Violation Signal
10 Second Violation When your opponent makes a basket, your team has 10 seconds
to get the ball in play and past the half court line if your team fails to do this within 10
seconds, the ball is awarded to the other team.
seconds, the whistle will
Three Second Violation An offensive player cannot remain

in the paint area for more than 3-seconds, if the Ref happens
to spot an offensive player in the paint area for more than 3
blow, and the other team will get possession of the ball.
Closely Guarded Violation An offensive player cannot have possession of the ball for
more than five seconds while being closely guarded by a defender. For example if an
offensive player is dribbling the ball and is guarded closely by a defender for 5 seconds,
the ref will blow the whistle, and the ball will be awarded to the other team.
Jump Ball (also called

defensive player gain
the whistle. The referee
and award possession to
rotating basis).
Tie Up or Held Ball) When an offensive player and a

possession of the ball at the same time the referee will blow
will then look at the possession arrow (at the scorers table)
the team that the direction is pointing (possession is on a
Out of Bounds Designation When the ball goes out of bounds (for any reason), or a
player with possession of the ball steps out of bounds the referee will designate the spot
where the ball went out of bounds.
A Few Misunderstood Rules:

a) Players can recover a fumbled ball, traveling does not occur during the time it takes the player to recover. A
player must have control of the ball in order to travel, and a fumbled ball is not considered having control of the
ball.
b) Players cannot travel while dribbling the basketball, traveling is considered taking one or more steps without
dribbling.
c) If a player attempts to set a screen and is moving, it is not considered a foul unless contact is made.
d) The ball is not out of bounds if it rolls along the top edge of the backboard without touching the supports.
Some Myths Regarding Common Basketball Rules:
1. Reaching In Foul There is no foul called reaching in found in the rulebook. The act of simply reaching in
is allowed unless contact is made. The referee can call a pushing or holding foul, but there is no reaching in
violation.
2. A player dribbles the ball above their head Dribbling the Ball above a players head line is not a violation, the
only restrictions that pertain are: The ball cannot come to rest and/or the dribblers hand must stay on top of the ball.
3. Over the Back Players are allowed to reach over the back of another player as long as no contact is made.
A taller player simply reaching over the back of another player for the rebound (without making contact) has not
committed a foul. Again, the referee can call pushing, holding, or illegal contact fouls, but there is no violation called
Over the Back in the rule book.
Handsignals
on
Basketball
Submitted by: Lhey Anne Lindog 8 st. Anthony
Submitted to: Ms. Rhoda Tumbaga

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Basketball Referee Signals

The Referee (Official)

There are Fouls and there are Violations

Types of Personal Fouls:

setting an illegal screen,

Blocking Foul A Blocking Foul occurs when a defender

Technical Foul Fouls of unsportsmanlike conduct and / or non-game violations that

Shooting Foul (3 Point Shot) If a player gets fouled while

Non-Shooting Fouls / Team Fouls:

Backcourt (Backcourt violation) Once the Offensive team has

seconds, the whistle will

Three Second Violation An offensive player cannot remain

Jump Ball (also called

Tie Up or Held Ball) When an offensive player and a

A Few Misunderstood Rules:

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