Scribd
Upload
335 views

Petrophysical Formulae

This document defines 17 petrophysical properties used in analyzing rock and fluid samples. It describes the composition of the rock-fluid model including the matrix rock, pore space, and shale content. It defines properties like total porosity, effective porosity, bound water, free water, hydrocarbon volumes, water and oil saturations. Key definitions include total porosity as the sum of bound water, free water and hydrocarbons; effective porosity excludes bound water; and water saturation ratios of different water volumes to porosity measures.

Uploaded by

tayofela
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
335 views

Petrophysical Formulae

This document defines 17 petrophysical properties used in analyzing rock and fluid samples. It describes the composition of the rock-fluid model including the matrix rock, pore space, and shale content. It defines properties like total porosity, effective porosity, bound water, free water, hydrocarbon volumes, water and oil saturations. Key definitions include total porosity as the sum of bound water, free water and hydrocarbons; effective porosity excludes bound water; and water saturation ratios of different water volumes to porosity measures.

Uploaded by

tayofela
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

CRAINS PETROPHYSICAL FORMULAE

DEFINITIONS OF PETROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES


Here are the definitions that derive from the rock/fluid model shown above.
DFN 1: The formation rock-fluid model is comprised of:
- the matrix rock (Vrock)
- the pore space (or porosity) within the matrix rock (PHIe)
- the shale content of the matrix rock (Vsh)
By definition, Vrock + PHIe + Vsh = 1.00
DFN 2: The matrix rock component (Vrock) can be subdivided into two or more constituents
(Vmin1, Vmin2, .), such as:
- limestone, dolomite, and anhydrite or
- quartz, calcite cement, and glauconite
The mineral mixture can be quite complex and log analysis may not resolve all constituents.
DFN 3: The shale component (Vsh) can be classified further into:
- one or more clays (Vcl1, Vcl2, )
- silt (Vsilt)
- water trapped into the shale matrix due to lack of sufficient permeability to allow
the water to escape
- water locked onto the surface of the clay minerals
- water absorbed chemically into the molecules of the clay minerals
The sum of the three water volumes is called clay bound water (CBW). CBW varies with shale
volume and is zero when Vsh = 0.
By definition, Vsh = Vcl + Vsilt + CBW
DFN 4: Bulk volume water of shale (BVWSH) is the sum of the three water volumes listed
above in the definition of shale and is determined in a zone that is considered to be
100%
shale.
By Definition, CBW = BVWSH * Vsh
DFN 5: Total porosity (PHIt) is the sum of:
- clay bound water (CBW)
- free water, including irreducible water (BVW)
- hydrocarbon (BVH)

DFN 6: Effective porosity (PHIe) is the sum of:


- free water, including irreducible water (BVW)
- hydrocarbon (BVH)
DFN 7:
OR

Effective porosity is the porosity of the reservoir rock, excluding clay bound water
(CBW).
PHIe = PHIt CBW
PHIe = PHIt Vsh * BVWSH

Some of the free water is not free to move - it is, however, not bound to the shale.
DFN 8: Free water (BVW) is further subdivided into:
- a mobile portion free to flow out of the reservoir (BVWm)
-- an immobile or irreducible water volume bound to the matrix rock by surface
tension (BVI or BVWir)
BVI is sometimes called bound water, but this is confusing (see definition of clay bound water
above), so irreducible water is a better term. Note that BVWm = BVW BVI.
DFN 9: Hydrocarbon volume (BVH) can be classified into:
- mobile hydrocarbon (BVHm)
- residual hydrocarbon (BVHr)
DFN 10: Free fluid index (FFI) is the sum of BVWm, BVHm, and BVHr. It is also called
moveable fluid (BVM) or useful porosity (PHIuse).
PHIuse = BVM = FFI = BVWm + BVHm + BVHr
OR

PHIuse = PHIe BVI

OR

PHIuse = PHIe * (1 SWir)

This definition is needed for the nuclear magnetic log (NMR, CMR, etc), since it cannot see BVWir.
Non-useful porosity also occurs as tiny pores that do not connect to any other pores. They are
almost invariably filled with immoveable water and do not contribute to useful reservoir volume or
energy. Such pores occur in silt, volcanic rock fragments in sandstones, and in micritic, vuggy, or
skeletal carbonates. The NMR may see some of this non-useful porosity the jury is still out.
DFN 11: Total water saturation (SWt) is the ratio of:
- total water volume (BVW + CBW) to
- total porosity (PHIt)
SWt = (BVW + CBW) / PHIt
DFN 12: Effective water saturation (SWe) is the ratio of:
- free water volume (BVW) to
- effective porosity (PHIe)

SWe = BVW / PHIe


This is the standard definition of water saturation. Older books use this term to define total
water saturation. Since all interpretation methods described here correct for the effects of shale,
we are not normally interested in the total water saturation, except as a mathematical by-product.
As effective porosity approaches zero, the water saturation approaches one (by edict, if not by
calculus).
DFN 13: Useful water saturation (SWuse) is the ratio of:
- useful water volume (BVW - BVI) to
- useful porosity (PHIuse)
SWuse = (BVW BVI) / PHIuse
DFN 14: Irreducible water saturation (SWir) is the ratio of:
- immobile or irreducible water volume (BVI) to
- effective porosity (PHIe)
SWir = BVI / PHIe
DFN 15: Residual oil saturation (Sor) is the ratio of:
- immobile oil volume (BVHr) to
- effective porosity (PHIe)
Sor = BVHr / PHIe
DFN 16: The water saturation in the flushed zone (Sxo) is the ratio of :
- free water in the flushed zone, to
- effective porosity, which is assumed to be the same porosity as in the un-invaded
zone.
The amount of free water in the invaded zone is usually higher than in the un-invaded zone, when
oil or gas is present. Thus Sxo >= Swe. The water saturation in the invaded zone between the
flushed and un-invaded zone is seldom used.
DFN 17: Further constraints that should be remembered are:
PHIt >= PHIe >= PHIuse
SWt >= SWe >= SWuse.
PHIt = PHIe when Vsh = 0
SWt = SWe when Vsh = 0
All volumes defined above are in fractional units. In tables or reports, log analysis results are
often converted to percentages by multiplying fractional units by 100.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy