BRIEF NOTE ON HEAT FLOW WITH ARBITRARY HEATING

RATES IN A HOLLOW CYLINDER

Kishor C. Deshmukh a*, Shrikant D. Warbhe a, and Vinayak S. Kulkarni b
a

Department of Mathematics, R. T. M. Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

b
Department of Mathematics, Government College of Engineering, Aurangabad,
Maharashtra, India
Short paper
UDC: 536.21:517.923
DOI: 10.2298/TSCI100817063D

In this paper the temperature distribution is determined through a hollow cylinder under an arbitrary time dependent heat flux at the outer surface and zero heat
flux at the internal boundary due to internal heat generation within it. To develop
the analysis of the temperature field, we introduce the method of integral transform. The results are obtained in a series form in-terms of Bessels functions.
Key words: heat conduction problem, homogeneous heat conduction problem,
non-homogeneous problem, heat generation

Introduction

Nowacki [1] has determined the temperature distribution on the upper face, with
zero temperature on the lower face and the circular edge thermally insulated. Roy Choudhury
[2] has determined the transient temperature along the circumference of a circle over the
upper face with lower face at zero temperature and the fix circular edge of the plate thermally
insulated. Wankhede [3] determined the arbitrary temperature on the upper face with the
lower face at zero temperature and the fix circular edge thermally insulated. Deshmukh et al.
[4] determined the temperature distribution subjected to arbitrary initial temperature on the
lower face with the upper face at zero temperature and fix circular edge thermally insulated.
Phythian [5] studied the cylindrical heat flow with arbitrary heating rates at the outer surface
and zero heat flux at the internal boundary.
In this paper we consider a non-homogeneous hollow cylinder and determine the
temperature distribution under an arbitrary time dependent heat flux at the outer surface and
zero heat flux in the internal surface with the help of integral transform technique. The results
are obtained in a series form in terms of Bessels functions. We also discuss the limiting case
of homogeneous boundary value problem in a solid cylinder.
The solution should be useful in current aerospace problems, for stations of a missile
body not influenced by nose tapering. The missiles skill material is assumed to have physical
properties independent of temperature, so that the temperature T(r, t) is a function of radius r
and time t only.
*nCorresponding author: e-mail: kcdeshmukh2000@rediffmail.com

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THERMAL SCIENCE, Year 2011, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 275-280

276
Formulation of the problem

Consider a hollow cylinder of radius a r b,

which is initially at temperature F(r). For time t >0
heat is generated within the solid at a rate of g(r, t)
[Btuh1ft3]*. The inner circular boundary surface at
r = a is insulated, while the arbitrary time
dependent heat flux Q(t) is applied at outer circular
boundary r = b (fig. 1). The arbitrary time dependent
heat flux means radial heat flux prescribed on
boundary surface, which is function of time only (for
all t 0) and converges rapidly for large values of t.
Often a rapidly convergent series is required for
small values of time.
The boundary value problem of the heat
conduction is given as:
Figure 1. The geometry of the problem

2T 1 T
g (r , t ) 1 T

2
r
r r
K
t

a r b,

t0

(1)

subject to the boundary conditions

T
0 at r = a, t > 0
r
T
K
Q (t ) at r = b, t > 0
r
K

(2)
(3)

and initial condition

T(r, t) = F(r) when t = 0, a r b

(4)

where, K and are the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of the material of the
hollow cylinder, respectively.
Equations (1) to (4) constitute the mathematical formulation of the heat conduction
problem in a hollow cylinder.
The solution

Following the general procedure of Ozisik [6], we develop the finite Hankel
transform and its inversion to the above stated problem.
On applying the finite Hankel transform and its inverse transform to the eqs. (1) to
(4), one obtains, the expression for the temperature function of a non-homogeneous boundary
value problem of heat conduction in a hollow cylinder as:
*nBtu = 1055.0.5585J; ft = 0.3048 m; 1 F = (9/5) C + 32

Deshmukh, K. C., et al.: Brief Note on Heat Flow with Arbitrary

THERMAL SCIENCE, Year 2011, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 275-280

277

b
T (r , t ) K 0 (m , r ) e m2 t r K 0 (m , r ) F (r ) dr
m 1
a

K t 0

e 2mt

b

r K 0 (m , r ) g (r , t ) dr bK 0 (m , b) Q(t ) dt
a

(5)

where
K 0 (m , r )

m J 0 (m b)Y0(mb)
2
J 2 ( b)
1 0 2 m
J 0 (mb)

J 0 (m r ) Y0 (m r )

J 0 (m b) Y0(mb)

(6)

and ms are the positive roots of transcendental of equation:

J 0 (m a) Y0(m a)

0
J 0 (m b) Y0(m b)

(7)

Special cases and numerical calculations

Dimension

Inner radius of a thin hollow cylinder a = 1 ft,

Outer radius of a thin hollow cylinder b = 2 ft, and
Central circular path of hollow cylinder r1 = 1.5 ft.

Material properties

The numerical calculation has been carried out for an aluminum (pure) hollow
cylinder with the material properties as:
thermal conductivity K = 117 Btu/hftF,
thermal diffusivity a = 3.33 ft2/h,
Roots of transcendental equation

Let l1 = 3.1965, l2 = 6.3123, l3 = 9.4445, l4 = 12.5812, and l5 = 15.7199 are the

positive roots of transcendental equation:
J 0 (m )
Y ( )
0 m 0

J 0 (2m ) Y0(2m )

Case 1: If F(r) = 0
g(r,t) = 0, Q(t) = e t , where d is the Dirac-delta function, w > 0, and a = 0, i. e. zero initial
temperature with no internal heat generation, only arbitrary time dependent heat flux Q(t) is
applied at outer circular boundary r = b.
Using in eq. (5), then temperature distribution is obtained as:
T (r , t )

m 1

t 0

2
2
K 0 (m , r ) e mt bK 0 (m , b) emt Q(t ) dt

(8)

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THERMAL SCIENCE, Year 2011, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 275-280

278

where
K 0 (m , r )

2 J 0 (m r )
b J 0 (m b)

and 'ms are positive roots of the transcendental equation J 0 ( b) 0.

(9)
(10)

Let l1 = 3.8317, l2 = 7.0156, l3 = 10.1735, l4 = 13.3237, l5 = 16.470, l6 = 19.6159,

l7 = 22.7601, l8 = 25.9037, l9 = 29.0468, and l10 = 32.18 are the roots of transcendental
equation J1(lb) = 0.
Case 2: If F(r) = 0
g(r,t) = [(gcyl,i)/(2pr)] d(r r1) d(t t), Q(t) = e t where d is the Dirac-delta function, w >
0, i. e. zero initial temperature with internal heat generation g(r,t) and arbitrary time
dependent heat flux Q(t) is applied at outer circular boundary r = b.
Using eq. (5), then the temperature distribution is obtained as:

1
2
T (r , t )
g cyl,i e m t K 0 (m , r ) K 0 (m , r1 )
m 1
2 K
(11)
t

K 0 ( m , r ) e m2 t b K 0 (m , b) em2 t Q t dt
K m 1
t 0
Case 3: If F(r) = r2
g(r,t) = gi d(r r1) d(t t), Q(t) = e t , where r is the radius measured in feet, d is the Diracdelta function, w > 0.
The arbitrary initial temperature F(r) = r2 is applied with internal heat source g(r,t)
is an instantaneous line heat source of strength gi = 50 Btu/hft, situated at the centre of the
circular cylinder along radial direction and releases its heat instantaneously at the time t t =
= 2 hours. Also time dependent heat flux Q(t) is applied at outer circular boundary r = b.

m 1

T (r,t ) K 0 ( m ,r ) e m2 t r K 0 ( m ,r ) r 2 dr

2
g i e m t K 0 ( m ,r ) K 0 ( m ,r1 )
K m 1

t

2
2
K 0 ( m ,r ) e mt b K 0 ( m ,b) e mt Q(t ) dt
K m 1
t 0

(12)

Conclusions

In this paper the work of Phythian [5] is extended to heat generation for non-homogeneous boundary value problem in a hollow cylinder. The temperature distribution under an arbitrary
time dependent heat flux at r = b is obtained with
the help of integral transform technique.
Three cases have been discussed in the
given problem:
(a) F(r) = 0, g(r, t) = 0, and a = 0
In this case zero initial temperature with no
internal heat generation, only arbitrary time
Figure 2. Temperature at t = 2 hours in
dependent heat flux Q(t) is applied at outer
radial direction

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THERMAL SCIENCE, Year 2011, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 275-280

279

circular boundary r = b. So this is the limiting case of homogeneous boundary value problem
in a solid cylinder. From fig. 2, one can observe heat flows from outer circular surface to
inner circular surface of a hollow cylinder, i. e. in the direction of center.
g cyl,i
(b) F (r ) 0 , g (r,t )
(r r1 ) (t )
2 r
In this case zero initial temperature with internal heat generation g(r,t) and arbitrary
time dependent heat flux Q(t) is applied at outer circular boundary r = b. The temperature
distribution is obtained as in eq. (11). This solution represents the case where the cylinder is
initially at zero temperature. An instantaneous cylindrical surface heat source of radius r = r1
(i. e. a < r1 < b) and of strength gcyl, i [Btuft1] and same of linear length as the cylinder,
releases its heat spontaneously at time t .
The instantaneous cylindrical surface heat source is related to the volume heat
source by means of Dirac-delta function.
The strength of the instantaneous cylindrical surface source gcyl, i is expressed as:
S c yl.i

g cyl,i [Fft 2 ]
K

Substituting this into eq. (11), one obtains:

S cyl,i 2m (t )
T (r,t )
K 0 ( m ,r) K 0 ( m ,r1 )
e
2 m 1
t
2
2

K 0 ( m ,r) e m t bK 0 ( m ,b) e mt Q(t ) dt

K m 1
t 0

(13)

The term
1 m2 t
K 0 ( m ,r) K 0 ( m ,r1 )
e
2 m 1

represents the temperature at time t due to instantaneous cylindrical surface heat source of
strength Scyl, i = 1 [Fft2] situated at r = r1 and releasing its heat spontaneously at time t = t in
the region a r b.
(c) F(r) = r2, g(r,t) = gi d(r r1)d(t t) [Btuh1ft3] and Q(t) = ewt,
The heat source g(r,t) is an instantaneous volume heat source of strength gi = 50
Btuh1ft1, situated at the center of the
hollow cylinder along radial direction and
releases its heat instantaneously at the time
t = t = 2 hours.
From figs. 3 and 4, it is observed that
Figure 3. Temperature at t = 2 hours in radial
due to internal heat generation, the temperdirection
ature function T increases non-uniformly
from inner circular boundary to the outer circular boundary.
The solutions of the homogeneous boundary value problem are valid for all values
of t ( 0), but converge rapidly for large values of t only. Often a rapidly convergent series is
required for small values of time at the surface r = b.

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THERMAL SCIENCE, Year 2011, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 275-280

280

Physically, this shows that, for the initial

temperature changes only, the reflection of the
temperature wave at the inner boundary may
be neglected and the temperature may be obtained as if the cylinder were solid.
The temperature obtained for the hollow
cylinder and solid cylinder is particularly useful
for evaluating the maximum temperature graFigure 4. Temperature at t = 2 hours in
dient and the thermal stresses.
radial direction
Any particular case of special interest can be
derived by assigning suitable values to the parameter and function in eqs. (8), (11), and (12).
Acknowledgment

The authors are thankful to University Grant Commission, New Delhi, India, to
provide the financial assistance under Major Research Project Scheme. We offer our grateful
thanks to the referee for their kind help and active guidance in the preparation of this revise
paper.
References
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]

Nowacki, W., The State of Stress in a Thick Circular Plate Due to a Temperature Field, B. Acad. Pol.
Sci. Tech., 5 (1957), pp. 227
Roy Choudhuri, S. K., A Note on the Quasi-Static Stress in a Thin Circular Plate Due to Transient
Temperature Applied Along the Circumference of a Circle over the Upper Face, B. Acad. Pol. Sci.
Tech., 20 (1972), 1, pp. 20-24
Wankhede, P. C., On the Quasi-Static Thermal Stresses in a Circular Plate, Ind. J. Pure and Appl. Math.
13 (1982), 11, pp. 1273-1277
Deshmukh, K. C., Khobragade, N. L., Quasi-Static Thermal Deflection in a Thin Circular Plate, for East
J. Appl. Math, 9 (2002), 3, pp. 171-179
Phythian, J. E., Cylindrical Heat Flow with Arbitrary Heating Rates, AIAA Journal, 1 (1963), 4, pp.
925-927
Ozisik, M. N., Boundary Value Problem of Heat Conduction, International Text Book Comp. Scranton,
Penn., USA, 1968

Paper submitted: August 17, 2010

Paper accepted: August 20, 2010