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Indicator Diagram The Device Which Measures The Variations of The Pressure in

An indicator diagram plots the pressure variations in an engine cylinder over one or more engine cycles. There are two main types of indicator diagrams: pressure-volume (p-v) plots and pressure-crank angle (p-theta) plots. The main types of engine indicators are piston indicators, balanced diaphragm indicators, and electronic indicators. A piston indicator uses a spring-loaded piston connected to the engine cylinder to transmit pressure changes to a stylus that records the indicator diagram on a drum. A balanced diaphragm indicator minimizes moving parts for testing high-speed engines, using a diaphragm pressure pickup. Electronic indicators are used to investigate individual engine cycles or portions of cycles.

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Federico Fernández
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30 views

Indicator Diagram The Device Which Measures The Variations of The Pressure in

An indicator diagram plots the pressure variations in an engine cylinder over one or more engine cycles. There are two main types of indicator diagrams: pressure-volume (p-v) plots and pressure-crank angle (p-theta) plots. The main types of engine indicators are piston indicators, balanced diaphragm indicators, and electronic indicators. A piston indicator uses a spring-loaded piston connected to the engine cylinder to transmit pressure changes to a stylus that records the indicator diagram on a drum. A balanced diaphragm indicator minimizes moving parts for testing high-speed engines, using a diaphragm pressure pickup. Electronic indicators are used to investigate individual engine cycles or portions of cycles.

Uploaded by

Federico Fernández
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Indicator diagram The device which measures the variations of the pressure in

the cylinder over a part or full cycle is called an indicator and the plot of such
information obtained is called an indicator diagram.
Basically there are two types of indicator diagram:
(i) Pressure-volume (p-v) plot
(ii) Pressure-crank angle (p-theta) plot
Both types of indicator diagram are mutually convertible.

The main types of engine indicators are:


1.

Piston indicator

2.

Balanced diaphragm type indicator

3.

Electronic indicator

4.

Optical indicator etc.

PISTON INDICATOR

It consists of three main elements:

A cylinder C which is connected to the engine through a plug cock A, and


piston D which is attached to the top of a tension spring E with the help of a
push rod. It moves in the cylinder C.

A magnifying mechanical linkage at the end of which stylus F is connected.


This linkage gives parallel motion to the end F.

A drum G on which card is wrapped. The indicator diagram comes on this


card.

In addition to these, a reducing link is also provided which, with the help of a cord,
transmits the engine position to the drum.
The reducing link is necessary to reduce the size of indicator diagram to a suitable
length.
Operation of the piston indicator:

With the help of three-way cock, the plug A can be connected either to atmosphere
or engine cylinder.
When it is connected the engine cylinder the cylinder pressure forces the piston D
against the tension spring E. The movement of the end of the tension spring E is
magnified by a magnifying link and transmitted to the stylus F.
The stylus which is made of metal usually, moves parallel to the axis of drum. The
movement of stylus F is proportional to cylinder pressure.
The drum is rotated with the help of a cord by the reducing link to depict the piston
displacement motion. A special paper card is wrapped around the drum, so that it
gets an impression when a metallic stylus is pressed against it.
Thus a pressure-volume diagram is obtained. The scale of the diagram can be
changed by using a spring of different stiffness.
p-v diagram thus obtained is an average of a number of cycles.
This type of indicator is suitable only for large, low speed, low compression ratio
engines because of inertia of different mechanical parts involved.
Indicated mean effective pressure (imep):
Imep=(card areascale of the spring) /card length

BALANCED DIAPHRAGM TYPE INDICATOR.


Only moving part is a disc or a diaphragm which is attached to the engine
cylinder and used as a pressure pick-up device.
The work of all other moving parts is done by the external pressure.
This has the effect of minimizing the inertia of the indicatorand can be used for
testing high speed engines.

ELECTRONIC INDICATORS
In order to investigate individual cycle or a part of the cycle, electronics indicators
are used.

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