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Lecture - 3 Impacts of Green Revaluation On Ecosystem Quality

The document discusses the impacts of the Green Revolution in India on ecosystem quality. It notes that prior to the Green Revolution, small farmers produced crops suited to local soil and climate conditions and maintained soil health through practices like crop rotation and use of fertilizers. The Green Revolution starting in the 1960s introduced hybrid seeds, increased irrigation, and greater use of fertilizers and pesticides, leading to higher crop yields. However, this also resulted in reduction of soil fertility and structure, increased susceptibility to erosion, diminishing returns on inputs over time, killing of beneficial insects and increased resistant pest species, reduced genetic diversity, pollution from agrochemicals, depletion of water resources, and increased socioeconomic disparities.

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Ananda Preethi
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44 views

Lecture - 3 Impacts of Green Revaluation On Ecosystem Quality

The document discusses the impacts of the Green Revolution in India on ecosystem quality. It notes that prior to the Green Revolution, small farmers produced crops suited to local soil and climate conditions and maintained soil health through practices like crop rotation and use of fertilizers. The Green Revolution starting in the 1960s introduced hybrid seeds, increased irrigation, and greater use of fertilizers and pesticides, leading to higher crop yields. However, this also resulted in reduction of soil fertility and structure, increased susceptibility to erosion, diminishing returns on inputs over time, killing of beneficial insects and increased resistant pest species, reduced genetic diversity, pollution from agrochemicals, depletion of water resources, and increased socioeconomic disparities.

Uploaded by

Ananda Preethi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 3

IMPACTS OF GREEN REVALUATION ON ECOSYSTEM QUALITY


INDIAN AGRICULTURAL BEFORE GREEN REVOLUTION
Small marginal farmers producing food and because animal products for families
and village communities
Crops d/o on soil climate
Soil health pest control shifting cultivation, conversation, FYM, legume crop
rotation
1892 -10 million people died in famine and frequent famine before 1947 National
and International cooperation - managed
Green revolution 1965 -66
Hybrids and HYV
More irrigation
Fertilizer use
Pesticides
Herbicides
Higher yields
Impacts of Green Revolution on Ecosystem Quality
The ills of green revolution are stated to be :

Reduction in natural fertility of the soil


Destruction of soil structure, aeration and water holding capacity
Susceptibility to soil erosion by water and wind
Diminishing returns on inputs ( the ratio of energy input to output halves every 10
years ).

Indiscriminate killing of useful insects, microorganisms and predators that naturally


check excess crop damage by insect pests
Breeding more virulent and resistant species of insects
Reducing genetic diversity of plant species
Pollution with toxic chemicals from the agrochemicals and their production units

Endangering the health of the farmers using chemicals and the workers who
produce them
Poisoning the food with highly toxic pesticide residues

Cash crops displacing nutritious food crops

Depleting the fossil fuel resources

Increasing the political and bureasucratic corruption

Chemicals changing the natural taste of food


High inputs increasing the agricultural expenses
Increasing the farmers work burden and tension

Increasing the irrigation needs of the land


Big Irrigation projects often resulting in soil salinity and poor drainage
Depleting the ground water reserves
Lowering the drought tolerance of crops
Appearance of difficult weeds
Heightening the socio-economic disparities and land holding concentration
High input subsidies leading to inflationary spirals

Destroying the local culture (commercialization and consumerization displacing


selfreliance )

Throwing financial institutions into disarray ( as impoverished farmers demand


write
off of loans)

Agricultural and economic problems sparking off social and political turmoil
resulting
in violence

1950-0.6 kg ha-1
1987-50 kg ha-1
2000-145 kg ha-1
No humus
Deficiency of Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Mg, Mo & Bo
Affects soil physicals, chemical and biological properties
Release of N2o to atm.- depeletes O3 Green house effect Global warming
Kills soil living organism

Fertilizer

Pesticides
Newer pest buildup
Loss of natural enemies
Only portions of pesticides - kill pests major portion reaches air, soil and
water- effect living organisms environment
Pesticides donot break down easily absorbed in food chain
Herbicides
*
Residual effect in soil, affect crops in rotation

*
*
*
*

Kill soil living organisms


Residue in grain and straw
Affects human and animal health
Pollution soil and water

Irrigation
Over exploitation of ground water
High cropping intensity
More pest and disease
Stalinization
Monocropping of paddy impervious layer of soil prevents nutrients from
deeper layer
Todays ecology is more important than tomorrows economy
Because no economy without ecology

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