Changes in Fitness and Game RSA - Buchheit

5/16/2012
Repeated high-speed activities during youth

soccer games in relation to
changes in maximal sprinting and aerobic speeds
Sport science support Training process in an academy

Football is first a tactical / technical game
Martin Buchheit, Ben Simpson and Alberto Mendez-Villanueva

Sport Science Department, Physiology Unit, ASPIRE, Academy for Sports
Understanding the physical demands of a game is
Excellence, Doha, Qatar.
determinant for the implementation of physical training

strategies
What should we train?
How much should be train?
3rd World conference on Science and Soccer - 14-16th May 2012, Ghent, Belgium
Research on repeatedsprint ability
Girard et al. Sports Med 2011
Time motion games analysis
International games in young highly-trained players
Q: Do/how speed and fitness influence

high-intensity running performance and
Buchheit et al. IJSM 2010a
repeated-sprint activity during game ?
Impellizzeri et al. IJSM 2006

66
550
VO2max
High Intensity Running (>17km/h)
500
62
450
60
58
400
56
350
Distance (m)
-1
-1
VO2max (ml.min .kg )
64
54
300
52
50
Rampinini et al. IJSM 2007
# of repeated high-speed actions
5/16/2012
250
Pre
Post
The impact of fitness on match running

performance is position-dependent
Playing position constrains the expression of

physical capacities during games
100
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
CD
Buchheit et al. IJSM 2010b
Mendez-Villanueva JSCR 2011
Running speed (%MSS)
95
WM
Game running activities vs. physical capacities

Most of the available data limited to cross-sectional
analyses or correlations
No data on repeated high-speed actions or sprints
Impact of playing positions on these relationships is unclear
Q: which physical capacities can impact
Purpose
Examine in highly-trained young players
the effect of longitudinal changes in
Maximal sprint speed (MSS)
estimated maximal aerobic speed (MAS)
on
Repeated high-speed actions
Repeated sprints sequences
high-intensity running performance and repeated-sprint

activity during game ?
Q: can all playing positions benefit from the same
during international games

with respect to playing
positions
transfert ?
5/16/2012
Methods
Physical performance tests
124 young soccer players

14.3 0.8 yrs,
0.3 0.9 yrs from/to peak height velocity
163.0 9.4 cm and 49.1 7.8 kg
14 hours of combined soccer-specific training and

competitive play per week
Tested 3 x / year (i.e., October, January and May)
Anthropometry Maturity status = age from

peak height velocity (Mirwald MSS 2002)
Incremental track test (Vam-eval) esti. MAS
40-m sprint with 10-m split times
Acceleration (1st 10 m) / MSS (best split)
(Buchheit IJSPP 2012)
Physical Performance field tests

Time-motion analysis during international friendly games
Match analyses
Reliability of the performance measures (CV):
(n = 65 players)
MSS: 1.4% (90% CL: 1.2;1.6)
MAS: 3.5% (90% CL: 3.0;4.1)
GPS, SPI Elite, GPSport, 1Hz

109 games 736 player-matches
full-backs (FB, n = 36 different players
played at this position)
centre-backs (CB, n = 26)
midfielders and second strikers (MD,
n = 48)
wide midfielders (wingers, W, n = 43)
strikers (S, n = 19).
124 players tested 3 x / years
Match analyses
Absolute and relative speed
thresholds (Buchheit IJSM 2010)
Absolute speed threshold
in relation to opponents
to compare players
Repeated high-speed actions :
> 2 actions >19 km.h-1 within 60s
Relative speed threshold
Relative demand for each player
Repeated sprint sequences :
> 2 actions >61% of MSS within 60s
October to January
January to May
May to October
Substantial (>1/2 CV)

increase
in MSS or MAS
736 player-matches
Substantial (>1/2 CV)

decrease
in MSS or MAS
No change in
MSS or MAS
At least 2 games played during

a given testing period
33 different players, 207 games
Pairs of : 41 for MSS and 28 for MAS
Changes in repeated highspeed actions and repeated
sprint sequences ?
10 different players, 73 games

Pairs of : 9 for MSS and 12 for MAS
Changes in repeated highspeed actions and repeated
sprint sequences ?
5/16/2012
MSS
Substantial
Substantial improvements in
in MSS
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-0.5
-1.0
-1.0
-1.5
-1.5
Standardized differences
MAS
greater repeated high-speed

activity
Effect position-dependent
less clear for # efforts per
sequence
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-0.5
-1.0
-1.0
Changes
Changes inin
Vvam-Eval
Changes
MAS
FB
-1.0
-1.0
CB
CB
MD
1.5
1.5
# Sprint/RHSS
# of RHSS
Changes
in
V
Changes
in in
VVam-Eval
Changes
MAS
Vam-Eval
Greater or unchanged repeated

high-speed activity
sequence
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.0
0.0
-0.5
-0.5
-1.0
-1.0
-1.5
-1.5
-2.0
-2.0
S
S
FB
FB
CB
CB
MSS
Repeated sprints
(relative speed)
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
1.5
MD
MD
W
W
S
S
MSS
Substantial decreases in MSS
2.0
Changes in MSS
1.0
Decrements in physical capacities :
MAS
Substantial
Substantial decreases
decreases in
in V
VVam-Eval
Vam-Eval
in MSS
2.0
0.0
0.0
-0.5
-0.5
2.0
2.0
Substantial improvements in Vvam-Eval

vam-Eval
-2.0
-2.0
Changes in MSS
Repeated sprints
(relative speed)
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
# of RSS
-2.0
# Sprint/RSS
in Vvam-Eval
vam-Eval
2.0

(absolute speed)
0.5
0.5
-2.0
-2.0
Improvements in physical
capacities :
1.0
MAS
1.5
Unchanged or less sequences

sequence
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
Changes
MAS
Changes
in in
Vvam-Eval
-2.0
FB
CB
MD
S
S
Getting faster and/or fitter

Enables greater repeated high-speed activities
but does not translate into greater repeatedsprint activity during games
the occurrence of sprints ( load)
Large position differences
Game constrains limit the expression of fitness
MAS
Substantial decreases in VVam-Eval
2.0
1.5
# Sprint/RSS
# of RSS
-2.0
Improvements in physical
capacities :
1.0
-1.5
Changes
Changes in
in MSS
MSS
1.0
1.0
# Sprint/RHSS
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
-1.5
-1.5
# of RHSS
2.0
-1.5
-1.5

(absolute speed)
1.0
-2.0
-2.0
MSS
Substantial
Substantial decreases
decreases in
in MSS
MSS
2.0
2.0
Changes
Changes in
in MSS
1.5
2.0
Decrements in physical capacities :
Changes in in
VVam-Eval
Changes
MAS
greater or unchanged # of
sequences
sequence
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
-2.0
FB
CB
MD
Physical fitness
is not THE first determinant of repeated high speed
actions during games actual game demands are
likely more important
Loosing speed and/or fitness

Does not compromise the actual match running
activity fitness was not limiting before
But relative running load during games
May modulate relative physical load

Injury risk, fatigue
Passing ability, decision making, etc
5/16/2012
How much should we train physical

capacities?
Who can do more, can do less !
Thresholds ? Minimum required to play
Cost/benefits in relation to players
Physical profile
Playing style
Playing position
Playing standard
Martin Buchheit
Physiologist
ASPIRE Academy for Sports Excellence
P.O. Box 22287, Doha, Qatar
Tel: (+974) 55232540
Email: martin.buchheit@aspire.qa

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5/16/2012

Repeated high-speed activities during youth

Sport science support Training process in an academy

Martin Buchheit, Ben Simpson and Alberto Mendez-Villanueva

Understanding the physical demands of a game is

Excellence, Doha, Qatar.

determinant for the implementation of physical training

Research on repeatedsprint ability

Girard et al. Sports Med 2011

Time motion games analysis

International games in young highly-trained players

Q: Do/how speed and fitness influence

Buchheit et al. IJSM 2010a

repeated-sprint activity during game ?

Impellizzeri et al. IJSM 2006

VO2max (ml.min .kg )

Buchheit et al. IJSM 2010a

Rampinini et al. IJSM 2007

# of repeated high-speed actions

The impact of fitness on match running

Playing position constrains the expression of

Buchheit et al. IJSM 2010b

Mendez-Villanueva JSCR 2011

Running speed (%MSS)

Game running activities vs. physical capacities

high-intensity running performance and repeated-sprint

during international games

Physical performance tests

124 young soccer players

14 hours of combined soccer-specific training and

Anthropometry Maturity status = age from

Physical Performance field tests

GPS, SPI Elite, GPSport, 1Hz

124 players tested 3 x / years

Substantial (>1/2 CV)

Substantial (>1/2 CV)

At least 2 games played during

10 different players, 73 games

greater repeated high-speed

Greater or unchanged repeated

Substantial decreases in MSS

Decrements in physical capacities :

Substantial improvements in Vvam-Eval

Repeated high-speed actions

Unchanged or less sequences

Getting faster and/or fitter

Substantial decreases in VVam-Eval

Repeated high-speed actions

Decrements in physical capacities :

Loosing speed and/or fitness

May modulate relative physical load

How much should we train physical

Buchheit et al. IJSM 2010a

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