Assignment 01 Aircraft Lighting Systems Task 01 Landing Gear Light Circuit

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Assignment 01

Aircraft lighting systems


Task 01
Landing gear light circuit

Introduction:
Landing lights are installed in aircraft to illuminate
runways during night landings. These lights are very
powerful and are directed by a parabolic reflector at an
angle providing a maximum range of illumination.
Landing lights are usually located midway in the leading
edge of each wing or stream-noid into the electric circuit.
This circuit is simple aircraft landing gear light circuit
concept. I designed this circuit as an easy
understanding circuit. Here I used two MR 16 sized
bulbs as landing gear light and two also for taxi light. But
in this report I will explain about only the landing gear
light operation. I used wig-wag (pulsing lights) for the
landing lights for safety. I set a 30 seconds timer circuit.
This is not the real time, for sample only in this circuit.
30 seconds is just about the time it takes between
turning the lights on for take-off and lift-off. This timer
circuit is a relay trigger.

Circuit Components:
In this circuit I used several electrical components.
These are described below:
1. Electronic switch: In electronics, an electronic
switch is an electronic component or device that
can switch an electrical circuit, interrupting the
current or diverting it from one conductor to another.
Typically, electronic switches use solid state devices
such as transistors, though vacuum tubes can be
used as well in high voltage applications.
2. Timer circuit: The timer circuit is actually made by
resistors, capacitors and IC 555. This circuit control
the lighting time. Here I used 30 seconds timer
circuit.
3. SPDT Relay: SPDT means single pole double
throw. A relay is an electrically operated switch.
Many relays use an electromagnet to mechanically
operate a switch, but other operating principles are
also used, such as solid-state relays. Relays are
used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a
low-power signal (with complete electrical isolation
between control and controlled circuits), or where
several circuits must be controlled by one signal.
4. Fuse: In electronics and electrical engineering, a
fuse is a type of low resistance resistor that acts as
a sacrificial device to provide overcurrent protection,

of either the load or source circuit. Its essential


component is a metal wire or strip that melts when
too much current flows through it, interrupting the
circuit that it connects. Short circuits, overloading,
mismatched loads, or device failure are the prime
reasons for excessive current. Fuses are an
alternative to circuit breakers.
5. Bus bar: In electrical power distribution, a bus bar
is a metallic strip or bar (typically copper, brass or
aluminium) that conducts electricity within a
switchboard, distribution board, substation, battery
bank, or other electrical apparatus. Its main purpose
is to conduct a substantial current of electricity, and
not to function as a structural member. Bus bars
may or may not be enclosed in a bus duct.
6. Diode: In electronics, a diode is a two-terminal
electronic component that conducts primarily in one
direction, it has low (ideally zero) resistance to the
flow of current in one direction, and high (ideally
infinite) resistance in the other. A semiconductor
diode, the most common type today, is a crystalline
piece of semiconductor material with a pn junction
connected to two electrical terminals. A vacuum
tube diode has two electrodes, a plate (anode) and
a heated cathode. Semiconductor diodes were the
first semiconductor electronic devices. The first
semiconductor diodes, called cat's whisker diodes,
developed around 1906, were made of mineral
crystals such as galena. Today, most diodes are

made of silicon, but other semiconductors such as


selenium or germanium are sometimes used.
7. SSF-1 Flasher: The solid state flasher is designed
to eliminate mechanical wear and tear and arcing
when switching incandescent lamps continuously.
The unit also has selectable interval timing for
warning signals. Features are Microprocessor
based design
90 Flashes per second, triac output SA
1000W/250V, Selectable Internal timing, two
complementary output, 95 230V AC supply.
8. Led/ Lamps: A navigation light, also known as a
running light, is a coloured source of illumination on
a waterborne vessel, aircraft and some spacecraft,
used to signal a craft's position, heading, and
status. Commonly, their placement is mandated by
international conventions or civil authorities.
Contrary to the name, these lights are not used for
navigating. They indicate the craft's relative
position, and are thus, often called "Position lights".
9. WIG WAG: A wig-wag is a device for flashing an
automobile's headlamps at a pre-set rate. In its
traditional form a wig-wag constitutes the
illuminating of the right and left headlamps
alternately, with each lamp lit for around half a
second at a time.

Circuit Diagram:

Figure 01: Landing gear and taxi light circuit

Circuit Description:
From the main bus bar two lines are come out. One for
landing gear light and another is for taxi light. Both of
them separate switch. Those switch are single pole
switch. So, after bus bar and before the switch there is a
fuse is connected. After switch the one line is directly
connect with taxi light. Another line is connect with a
timer circuit and a relay in COM terminal. From the timer
circuit one line also connect with relay. From the relay
one line gone to ground. From NO terminal one line is
connect with flasher. NC terminals is connected with two
diodes. The diodes are connected with WIG WAG. The
flasher also connected with WIG WAG. The WIG WAG
is connected with landing gear lights. There is two lights.
End lines are gone to the ground. This is how the circuit
is constructed.

Circuit Operation:
First turn on the LDG LT switch. DC is now available
through the switch, and is going to the following places
(Figure 02):
1) To the timer circuit, starting the 30s timer (mechanism
TBD),
2) The COM terminal on the SPDT Relay (and therefore
through the NC terminal to both of the WIGWIG ON
terminals of that switch)
3) To both of the WIGWIG OFF terminals of that switch.
Summary, the 30s timer as started, and both landing
lights are on steady.

Figure 02: LDG on for less than 30 seconds and WW


off.

At this point, if we turn the WIGWAG switch ON (Figure


03), the landing lights are still getting power, but through
the NC terminals of the relay, so they are both still on
steady. This is good, because we dont want them to
pulse before the 30s of warm up time as elapsed.

Figure 03: LDG on more than 30 seconds and WW on.


Now turn the WIGWAG switch back off, and let the 30
seconds elapse. DC is now available through the switch,
and is going to the following places (Figure 04):
1) To the timer circuit, which has now closed the relay,
2) The COM terminal on the SPDT Relay (and therefore
through the NO terminal to the SSF flasher, and then to
both of the WIGWIG ON terminals of that switch),

3) To both of the WIGWIG OFF terminals of that switch.

Fig 04: LDG on for greater than 30 seconds and WW off.


Summary, the 30s timer has elapsed, but since the
WIGWAG switch is off, we are still getting steady lights.
Finally, we move the WIGWAG switch to ON, and the
lights are being powered through the LDG LT switch, the
trigger relay, which closes the SPDT relay, the SSF
flasher, and the WIGWAG switches ON terminals
(Figure 05).
Figure 05: LDG on more than 30 seconds and WW on.

Figure 06: Position Lights In Landing Gear


Remedial Check:

Remedial check is Circuit testing, commonly known as


troubleshooting is a means of systematically locating
faults in an electrical system. The equipment generally
used in testing lighting circuits in an aircraft consists of a
voltmeter, test light, continuity meter, and ohmmeter. If
no electrical power is available (the circuit is dead), then
the continuity tester is used. The self-contained batteries
of the continuity tester force current through the circuit,
causing the continuity meter to indicate when the circuit
being tested is completed. When using the continuity
meter, the circuit being tested should always be isolated
from all other circuits by removing the fuse, by opening
the switch, or by disconnecting the wires. The continuity
tester contains a light to serve as an indicator. When the
test leads are touched together, a complete circuit is
established and the indicator light illuminates. When the
leads are brought into contact with a resistor or other
circuit element and the light does not illuminate, then the
circuit being tested is open. The ohmmeter, although
primarily designed to measure resistance, is useful for
checking continuity. With an ohmmeter, the resistance of
a lighting circuit can be determined directly by scale.
Since an open circuit has infinite resistance, a zero
reading on the ohmmeter indicates circuit continuity. The
following summary of continuity testing of lighting circuits
is recommended, using either an ohmmeter or any other
type of continuity tester.
(1) Check the fuse or circuit breaker. Be sure it is the
correct one for the circuit being tested.

(2) Check the electrical unit (light).


(3) If fuse or circuit breaker and light are in good
condition, check at the most accessible point for an
open or short in the circuit.
(4) Never guess. Always locate the trouble in the
positive lead of a circuit, the operating unit, or the
negative lead before removing any equipment or wires.

Conclusion: Basically, the timer wont let power go


through the flasher until 30s after the landing lights are
turned on.

The trick now will be to figure out whether on one ONON-ON switch. (Switch positions would be OFF-LDG
ONLY-WIG WAG.)
Heres the logic table.
Time
Any
Any
<30s after
LDG->ON
<30s after
LDG->ON
>30s after
LDG->ON
>30s after
LDG->ON

LDG LTS
OFF
OFF
ON

WW Switch
OFF
ON
OFF

Result
OFF
OFF
Steady

ON

ON

Steady

ON

OFF

Steady

ON

ON

Pulse

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