Migration From 4G To 5G

Migration from 4G to 5G
- Revolution or Evolution ? Sept. 4th, 2013

The 6th International Workshop on 5G
Yukitsuna Furuya
Tokyo Institute of Technology
General Mobile Technology Trend by Generations

1st
Generation
Radio
FM
2nd
Generation
3rd
Generation
TDMA
CDMA
4th
Generation
OFDMA
CS
PS
Network
IMS
Tel
Service
Data
2
What is 4G ?
Officially IMT-A Mobility
is 4G.
High
Enhanc
IMT-2000ed IMTBut people call LTE
2000
Enhancement
as 4G, since there is
a large change from
Low
3G.
1
10
New
Mobile
Access
100
1000
Peak Useful Data Rate (Mb/s)
What will be 5G then ?

Nobody knows yet
3
My view on Generation technology

Start from
limited area
Cover the
whole area
Replace the
previous generation
If there is a technology called 5G, it

must be applicable to Macro Cell
4
Requirements to future Macro Cell

technology
Very high flexibility, although many
people say higher bit rate
Frequency allocation to mobile

operators in Japan
Band
NTT docomo
700M
900M 1.5G 1.7G 2G
UQ
30
WCP
30
30
Softbank
E-mobile
Wilcom
30
30
*1
30
20
30
20
20
*2
40
Total
2.5G (MHz)
160
110
90
50
30
KDDI
20
20
800M
40
40
40
30
*3
31.2
Total: 500MHz
17% of spectrum below 3GHz
Small portion compared with industry size
31.2
Current wireless systems

Below 3GHz, many different usage
Broadcasting (TV, radio )
Special Mobile Radio
Ship, Railway, Taxi, Truck, Electricity, Gas
Public radio
Military, police, ambulance,
Satellites
LEO, Mobile satellites, GPS
Amateur radio
Wireless LAN, PAN
And so on
Too many systems !

7
From national economy viewpoint

Government should maximize economical value
of spectrum
Mobile systems are far more spectrum efficient
than other systems
Late comer
Very high traffic demand compared with spectrum
allocated
Each system has its own requirements, but many

of then can be covered technically by mobile
systems
8
SMR system trends

SMR systems are based on either TRTRA or iDEN,
Police, ambulance, disaster warning, train, ship, taxi,
electricity, gas,,,,
They need to change to broadband systems

There are many independent SMR systems, each
of them has a small chunk of spectrum
This makes broadband difficult
Infrastructure cost is high, because many overlapped
coverage by independent systems
9
SMRs should adopt LTE for broadband

LTE can provide wireless broadband service with
high spectrum efficiency, much higher than SMRs
Cellular systems will converge to LTE
Because of its market size, cost of equipment will
come down , even if it is complicated
LTE will keep evolving

Big industry effort is spent on 3GPP to make LTE
system better
Even if some function is not in LTE now, it will be
included in the future
10
Band operation re-arrangement

Railway A
Railway B
Taxi
Electricity
Operator X
New Service
New Service
TDMA
11
frequency
OFDM Arrangement
New Service
time
12
Additional requirements to LTE

Most SMRs require exclusive spectrum resource
This can be realized appropriate resource allocation.
TDMA is an example
It can be introduced to LTE
High reliability is also required
Many SMRs require group call function

LTE already have eMBMS
Some SMRs require strong security

LTE security is reasonably strong
If necessary, it can be enhance by higher protocol
13
Running LTE SMR (1)

Currently, SMR license is divided into small pieces
Each company has 100KHz or 200KHz band
A new operating company, handling many SMR

license should be established and that operator
should deploy broadband LTE
FirstNet is a good example
The operator should guarantee traffic to previous
license holders
Several business models are possible

14
Running LTE SMR (2)

There will be surplus frequency resource for
new services since LTE spectrum efficiency is
higher than current SMR
Who will use the surplus resource on what,
should be determined based on LTE network
investment
Business model should be deeply discussed
15
700MHz band allocation in US
Band 17: AT&T:LTE

Band 13: Verizon:LTE
Band 14 Public Safety Broadband

Military, police, ambulance,, combined broadband
Operator will be the FirstNet, part of government
16
Basic FirstNet concept

A new band is allocated for broadband public safety in
US
99% area coverage of US
FirstNet will provide service

FirstNet is a new US organization to run braodband public
safety
Technology is LTE
FirstNet will share the network with mobile operators
To reduce the investment on base stations
US government made some functional request to 3GPP

17
Restoration form a disaster
On emergency, communication tool is very important

Special consideration should be paid on safety wireless
18
Introduction of Very Low Rate
Expand the coverage of non-damaged base station

Activity has started in 3GPP under M2M WI
19
TV broadcast should be LTE based

Currently, digital TV systems use their own
transmission method
US, JAPAN, EU, China has their own standards
All digital TV should be TD-LTE based

Two-way communication capability on TV will help a
interesting TV program a lot
Ratio can be 20 down, 1 up link
No technical difficulty exist
Global standard
Internet TV, Mobile TV will be much simpler
20
TV broadcast should be LTE based

TV White Space will be effectively used by two
way communications
Spectrum license holder can be broadcaster or
other people
3GPP WI: L-band for Supplemental Downlink
in E-UTRA and UTRA is a starting point of this,
same as MediaFLO.
21
PMSE should be LTE based

PMSE (Program Making Special Event is a
communication system to deliver TV signal to
center site
If it is LTE based, it can use cellular LTE system,
when spectrum resource is available.
Currently, TV white space usage is under
consideration.
If both broadcasting and PMSE are LTE based,
white space can be used very effectively
22
Wireless LAN can be LTE based

Wireless LAN physical layer can be LTE layer 1
Wireless LAN chip is already produced enough
Cost down effect LTE WLAN is not so large
Interwork between LTE-WLAN will be easier
WLAN MAC should be CSMA-CA based

CSMA-CA is essential for unlicensed band
3GPP may better consider introduction of CSMACA to LTE
23
What should not be LTE based

PAN (Personal Area Network) should not be
changed to LTE
For a short distance communications, spectrum
efficiency is not an issue
In many cases, cost and power efficiency is more
important than spectrum efficiency for PAN
LTE is not designed for such a purpose
24
Summary on LTE convergence

Most of the wide area wireless systems are better
evolved to LTE
This does not mean mobile operator should
control most of the spectrum
There should be considerations on non-economic
value
If most of the systems deploy LTE, there will be a

vast economical benefit as a whole
US FirstNet is the starting point of this activity
US may introduce LTE TV broadcasting as well
25
Conclusions
High speed transmission in higher frequency is
important, but we should look at lower frequency
optimization as well
LTE will be applied to almost all wide area
wireless systems
US will lead this through FirstNet
Broadcasting will (may?) be LTE based as well
Next change to mobile radio technology is to

increase flexibility so that it can be applied to
many other wireless systems
26
5G Mobile Communication
Networking Technology
Professor WANG Jing
Tsinghua University, China
wangj@tsinghua.edu.cn
2013.07.17.
Outline
Future
Requirements
Technology Developments
Hyper-cellular Architecture
Conclusions
Future Requirements
Future Requirements
Mobile terminal market
Mobile Service Market
Over 3 billions of Laptops, Pads and

Smart phones
Over 5 billions of download

applications
Mobile data traffic is doubled

every 13 months
Requirement Forecast
Total subscriber base increases

10% YoY
Mobile broadband penetration to

reach 100% by 2020
Traffic volume per subscriber

increases 25-40% YoY
Traffic volume increases by:
x150-500 from 2010 to 2020 and

x3000-30000 from 2010 to 2030
The 1000x data challenge (ref 2010) may likely happen during the period 2022-2026
Technology goals of the 5G
METIS Project Objectives
C5G Project Objectives
Area Data Throughout of 25 times Improvement to 4G

Frequency Efficiency of 10 times Improvement to 4G
Service Data Throughput of 10Gbps
Energy Efficiency of 10 times Improvement to 4G
Technology Developments
Air Interface Technologies
4G
UMTS
3G
2G
GSM
1990
GPRS
EDGE
1995
5G
???
LTE-C
LTE
LTE-A
LTE-B
HDPA
HSPA+
UMTS-A
EDGE+
2000
New Air
Interface
QAM+OFDM+MIMO
GMSK+CC +TDMA QPSK+TC +CDMA
2005
Evolution
2010
2015
2020
Transmission Technology Contributions
Where are
we going to?
MIMO
ICIC
System Architecture Evolution
R99R5R8 (3GPP)
From Tree to full mesh
Coverage Limitations
Frequency efficiency of cell edge
Environment Downlink Uplink
(bit/s/Hz) (bit/s/Hz)
Indoor
0.1
0.07
Microcellular
0.075
0.05
Base coverage
0.06
0.03
urban
High speed
0.04
0.015
Average frequency efficiency

Environment
Indoor
Microcellular
Base coverage
urban
High speed
Downlink
(bit/s/Hz)
Uplink
(bit/s/Hz)
3
2.6
2.2
2.25
1.80
1.4
1.1
0.7
Small Cell Limitations

Path loss exponent decreases with
reducing cell size because of LOS
happening more
Inter-cell Interference increases
Significantly with Decreasing of Path
loss exponent
Capacity (users/MHz/km2)
Network capacity does not improve

Continuously with decreasing cell
size because of ICI
Cell size
Possible Solutions for 1000x
3x increase in spectrum
6x improvement in spectral efficiency
Re-farming Existing bands for more efficient use

New licensed bands, including higher frequencies for hot-spot
Higher-order modulation to 256QAM to increase the amount of data transported per
Hz of spectrum
3D MIMO and massive antenna beam forming with arrays of as many as 100+
antenna elements
Coordinated multiple point transmission and interference management techniques to
improve cell-edge performance
56x higher average cell density in HetNet configurations
The addition of many layer cells including macro, micro, pico, femto, relay,
phantom,
Traffic Balancing and offloading of many modes including 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G,
WiFi,
Clouds of antennae will provide the biggest boost to capacity through extreme
frequency reuse.
Sourcehttp://www.wiseharbor.com/index.html
ICI Cancellation Performance
AP1
AP2
4X4 MIMO
20MHz Bandwidth @ 3.5GHz
APs(antennas only) connect Computing
Unit by RoF
MT
AP1+AP2 CoMP
only
only
Source: China FuTURE Project
TACSGSM4 times2G
GSM UMTS2.5 times3G
UMTS LTE2.5 times4G
Spectral Efficiency x 25
Lessons learnt from Past 40 Years
Spectrum Employed x 25
Network density improves system capacity of 60

times compared other domains.
Source: http://www.arraycomm.com/technology/coopers-law
5G Technologies should Enable Net Work
CoMP: ICIC
Cell Density: 250m33m
Algorithm + Architecture
Small cell, phantom cell
HetNet: layers and modes
Mobility:
Handoverhorizontal and vertical

Connectivityalways online
Hyper-Cellular Architecture
Hyper-Cellular Architecture (HCA)
Separating the Coverage of C-Plane and D-Plane
Seamless coverage of C-Plane/U-Plane

Soft coverage of D-Plane
Soft access mode matching
Unified Signaling Procedure of diverse systems
D-Plane Implemented by Distributed Wireless

Communication Systems (DWCS)
Virtual Node-B
Virtually Cell
Separating the Coverage of

C-Plane and D-Plane
The decoupling of the control signaling coverage and traffic data

coverage
Coverage Example
Soft access mode matching

Unified Signaling Procedure of diverse systems
C-Plane
GSM 900MHz
D-Plane
WiFi 2.4GHz
LTE 3.5GHz
DWCS Based D-Plane
Node C1
Node C2
Node A
MT1
Cable/Fiber
MT2
Node C3
Node C4
Elements in DWCS
NodeA: Antenna Units
NodeC: Computation Units
MT oriented Processing
Virtual Cells
2013/8/27
High performance mashed network
Virtual NodeB=NodeAs+NodeC
Modems, filters,
Connection Between NodeA and NodeC
Interfaces between air and fiber
MT oriented coverage
23
Inter-Antenna Interference Cancellations

under DWCS
MTs with WCDMA voice

1
Outage probability
0.1
m=1,=3
m=2,=3
m=4,=3
m=1,=4
m=2,=4
m=4,=4
0.01
1E-3
1E-4
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Number of mobiles per antenna
Source: IEEE Communication Magazine, 2003
90
100
110
DWCS Example C-RAN
C-RAN is proposed by the China Mobile (CMCC)
Baseband processing is Centralized logically
Radio processing is Cooperative
Computation Units is real-time Cloud
Systems is Clear (Green ), energy saving systems
C-RAN Construction
BBU Pool
BBU Pool
BBU Pool
X2+
PHY/MAC PHY/MAC
X2+
PHY/MAC
PHY/MAC
PHY/MAC
PHY/MAC
Real-time Cloud
Fiber Transmission
Cooperative
Radio
Distributed RRU
RRU
RRU
RRU
RRU
RRU
RRU
RRU
RRU
RRU
HCA Advantages
Connection Suitable for Diverse RANs
Different operation modes: 2G, 3G, LTE, WiFi,

Different coverage layers: Macro, Micro, Pico, Femto,
Relay, Phantom,
Different AI constructions: eNodeB, NodeB, DAS, C-RAN,
DWCS,
Energy Management: AP on/off, Power control,

Good Performance
Good Connectivity & Mobility

Flexibility, Scalability, Cost & Energy efficiency
Challenges of HCA Realization
Optimize Coverage of C-Plane
Optimize Coverage of D-Plane
Service oriented
UE oriented
Energy oriented
Redefine Radio Resources
Unified signaling capacity

Special services in U-Plane
Time slot, frequency band, location, beams, mode, layer, etc.
Redefine the signaling procedure
Defining Cell-ID, Synchronizing, Accessing, Handover, Paging,

Power control, Radio resource management, etc.
Challenges of DWCS Realization
High Quality Network

Broad band up to Tbps
High timing accuracy reach ps
Full meshed connection
High Performance Computing Units

Reconfigurable
Scalable
Reliable
Real-time Cloud
Conclusions
Networking technologies play an
important role in the 5G systems
The Hyper-Cellular architecture splits
coverage of signaling and data to meet
the evolution of mobile networks
DWCS can meet requirements of radio
technology evolution
5G WORKSHOP
Past Decades
All-IP
IP absorbed other communication protocols
Personalization
Customized services
Smartphone is a personal computer
Mobile
Most used information device is a mobile phone
Social
Sharing information with acquaintances
Users produce information
Smartphone
The biggest disruption

3G(4G) + Cloud service + Mobility
Mobile device is not inferior but superior
Future Internet Trends
Scalability
billion (2008) 2 billon (2014) PCs
200 million (2008) 2 billion (2014) smartphones
5 exabytes (2005) 990 exabytes (2012) data
13 exabytes (2010) 42 exabytes (2014) consumer
monthly data
1
Heterogeneity
vehicles,
sensors, smartphones, home appliances
Mobility
From Internet of contents to Internet of services
Accelerating Trends
On-demand
Context-aware
information
Services should be ready before requested
Personalization
From
Mobile
New
personal device to personal service

services will start from mobile services
Social
More
information will be spread through social network
New Challenge
Information inequality
Access
to information is a part of basic right

Bigger gap between economic status
Cyber security
Mobile
services are more prone to security attack
More intelligent devices

How
to embed intelligence into more mundane devices
New Service Area
Conquer non-IP communication

Broadcasting,
Expand into not-yet computerized/connected area

Automotive
law enforcement, medical services
to clothing
Augmented Human Intelligence

Health Care
Reduce
medial cost
From public health care to personal health service
Requirement
Continuous flow of information

Virtually limitless flow of information
Bi-direction flow of information
High value knowledge extraction from information
Device-transparency
Mobile Cloud
Cloud centric services are not sustainable

Too
much traffic between mobile network and IP

backbone
Mobile backhaul will be a cloud network

Mobile
backhaul will be bigger than current cloud

datacenter
Cloud Networking
Cloud service = computing + networking
Diverse traffic characteristics
Customer traffic
Multimedia
Interactive service
Infra traffic
Short important messages
Bulk data transfer
Inter-data center traffic
Data source is integrated with delivery channels

Strong incentives on network innovation
Network performance has huge impact on service quality
New Topology
Cloudservice provider
(Naver, Google, )
Future network
Current network
5G
Future Radio Access for 5G

Yoshihisa Kishiyama
NTT DOCOMO, INC.
NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2013, All rights reserved.
Network/Communication Society
in 2020 and Beyond
Extension/enrichment
of wireless services
Everything Connected
by Wireless
Monitor/collect information & control devices
Multiple personal
devices
Transportation
(Car/Bus/Train)
Deliver rich contents in real-time & ensure safety

Video streaming
New types of
terminal/HI
4K
Interaction across
multiple devices
Consumer
electronics
Entertainment, Navigation
Traffic information
Watch/jewelry/cloth
s
4K/8K video resolutions

Video on newspapers
Background video
Healthcare
Human interface
and healtchcare
sensors
Remote operation using

personal terminal
Education
Remote health
check &
counseling
House
Sensors
Cloud computing
Remote control of
facilities
House security
Smart power grid

Agriculture and farming
Factory automation
Weather/Environment
All kinds of services supported

by the mobile personal cloud
Glasses/Touch internet
Distance (remote) learning

Any lesson anywhere/anytime
Safety and lifeline system
Prevention of accidents
Robustness to disasters
FRA concept and requirements
500 -1000 x capacity/km2
100 x more connected devices

Lower overhead incl. reduced control signaling
Enhanced connectivity, e.g., deep inhouse
10-100 x higher user data rates

Reduced latency to < 1 ms
Support of high mobility
Terminal battery saving
Very small/light BS with energy saving

Reduced network cost incl. backhaul
Automatic network optimization for diverse
environments incl. emergency cases
Future Radio Access (FRA) will provide a total solution

to satisfy the requirements by future drivers
Evolution paths for FRA
Further LTE enhancements

Macro-assisted small cell enhancement
(Phantom cell)
Further general LTE enhancements
Potential new RAT
Performance
Should prioritize the achievement of more

big gains over backward compatibility
Consider new spectrum allocations of
WRC-15 and beyond
Some technical components may be
applied to further LTE enhancements
Macro-assisted
small cell enhancement
(Phantom cell)
LTE-Advanced
LTE
Rel-12/13
Rel-10/11
Rel-8/9
Pico/Femto
CA/eICIC/CoMP
for HetNet
WRC-15
~2015
Future Radio Access

(= Future IMT = 5G?)
Potential
New RAT
Big gain
Rel-14/15,
Further LTE
enhancements
WRC-18/19
~2020
Year
Considerations on New RAT

New RAT should achieve significant gains
New RAT could be non-backward compatible to LTE
What is the major change that characterizes New RAT?
New numerology?
New waveform?
New frame structure?
New idle mode?
Other things?
Or combinations of above?
New RAT should support all scenarios supported by LTE or not?

Option 1
Option 2
New RAT covers all LTE scenarios in

addition to specific scenarios that LTE does
not support
New RAT covers part of LTE scenarios

and specific scenarios that LTE does not
support
New RAT
New RAT
LTE
LTE
Directions of evolution: The Cube

A set of radio access technologies is required
to satisfy future requirements
Required performance
Spectrum efficiency
Traffic offloading
TRx
TRx
TRx
WiFi
TRx
TRx
TRx
TRx
TRx
Non-orthogonal multiple access
Controller
3D/Massive MIMO,
Advanced receiver
Network densification
Current
capacity
Hotspot Dense urban

Shopping mall
Study for new interference scenarios
Tx-Rx cooperative access technologies
Spectrum extension
Existing cellular bands
Cellular network assists

local area radio access
Higher/wider frequency bands

Very wide
Super wide
New cellular concept for cost/energyefficient dense deployments
Frequency
Efficient use of higher spectrum bands

FRA technical concept

Combined usage of lower and higher frequency bands
Higher frequency bands become useful and beneficial!
Existing cellular bands
Higher frequency bands
(high power density for coverage)
(wider bandwidth for high data rate)

Very wide
(e.g. > 3GHz)
Super wide
(e.g. > 10GHz)
9 No coverage issue any

more
9 Can provide very high
throughput using wider
bandwidth
9 Big offloading gain from
existing cellular bands
Frequency

Further cellular
enhancements
al
n
o
g
tho ess
r
o
Non le acc .
ip
c
mult MA), et
(NO
Exploitation of higher
frequency bands
t
p
e
c
on
c
l
l
e
c
m
lit)
o
p
t
s
n
Pha U plane
(C/
O,
M
I
e M rame
v
i
s
Mas ology/f
er
c.
t
m
e
u
,
N
gn
desi
7
Phantom cell concept

Proposed architecture to utilize higher frequency bands
Phantom cell Split of C-plane & U-plane between
macro and small cells in different frequency bands [1, 2]
Macro cell
Upl
an
e
C- p
Phantom cell
lan
e
Existing
cellular bands
Higher
frequency bands
[1] NTT DOCOMO, 3GPP RWS-120010, June 2012.
[2] H. Ishii et al., IEEE Globecom 2012 Workshop, Dec. 2012.
C-plane: Macro cell maintains

good connectivity and mobility
using lower frequency bands
U-plane: Small cell provides higher

throughput and more flexible/costenergy efficient operations using
higher/wider frequency bands
8
Massive MIMO
Massive MIMO Beamforming using massive antenna
elements in higher frequency bands
Essential technology to achieve effective cell range
Example 2D antenna configuration
d
20cm
LTE 3D-MIMO Massive MIMO
Antenna element
spacing (d)
3.5 GHz
( = 8.6 cm)
10 GHz
( = 3 cm)
20 GHz
( = 1.5 cm)
0.5
16
169
676
0.7
81
361
20cm
Compensation of increased path loss & Improved spectrum efficiency

Cell range extension
by beamforming gain
Improved spectrum efficiency with

(multi-user) spatial multiplexing
Massive MIMO & Macro-assisted
Massive MIMO
Potential issue Coverage
for common channels
(system information, paging,
synchronization signal, etc.)
Small cell
Macro cell
The combination of
Massive MIMO and
Macro-assisted small cell
will provide adequate cell coverage even with a high frequency
10
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA)

Processing power
in Devices
Effort for
Effort for
Orthogonality Interference Mitigation
Equalizer,
FDMA,TDMA,
MIMO
CDMA, OFDMA Canceller
Exploitation of
power-domain, path loss
difference among users,
and UE processing power
Intentional
Non-orthogonality
NOMA
Cell
CellThroughput
Throughput(Mbps)
[Mbps]
f,,
code
f,,
code
25
OMA with frequency
scheduling NOMA with wideband
scheduling
20
30% gains
15
OMA with wideband
scheduling
10
0
20 40 60 80
UEspeed[km/h]
UE Speed(km/h)
100
11
Other potential technologies
New numerology and frame structure for:
Higher frequency bands

Wider frequency bandwidths
Small cells
Reduced latency
etc.
New waveforms
UL OFDM
FBMC, FTN, etc.
Contention based UL access for:

Lower overhead and reduced latency for small packets from, e.g. M2M terminals
Flexible NW for:
NW cost reduction
Coverage enhancement
Mitigation of fronthaul/backhaul bottlenecks
QoE improvement
Moving NW/mobile relay
D2D
Caching at base station/mobile terminal
etc.
12
FRA Real-time Simulator

The potential performance gains of applying key FRA
technologies are demonstrated using FRA real-time
simulator.
Demo Scenario
Spectrum extension x NW densification
Efficient exploitation of higher
frequency bands using small cells
Key technology for small cells

Massive MIMO
Key technology for macro cells

Non-orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA)
13
FRA real-time simulator

400 MHz BW@10 GHz 600 MHz BW@20 GHz With Massive MIMO
14
11 GHz Band 10 Gbps Field Experiments

Specifications of off-line experimental system
Transmission scheme
8x16 MIMO-OFDM
Transmit power per antenna
25 dBm
Occupied bandwidth
400 MHz
Subcarrier spacing
195 kHz
No. of active subcarriers
pilot: 32, data: 2000
Modulation scheme
64QAM
Channel coding
turbo code, R = 3/4 (11.8 Gbps)
MIMO detection
turbo detection
Transmitter inside MS
Measurement course (Ishigaki Island, Japan)

MS with 8 transmit antennas
16 BS receive antennas:
65 degrees beam,
15 dBi
15
Measurement Results on Field Experiments

Measured average SNR
Throughput Performance
Measured delay spread
16
Summary
We presented our views on vision, requirements and potential
key techologies for Future Radio Access (FRA):
Macro-assisted small cell, i.e., Phantom cell, and Massive MIMO are
promising in the long-term future for higher/wider frequency bands
Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a promising technology
for future cellular enhancements
Other technologies, e.g. new numerology/frame structure, new
waveform, contention based UL and flexible NW need to be further
studied

Combined usage of lower and higher frequency bands
Further cellular
enhancements
al
n
o
g
tho ess
r
o
Non le acc .
ip
c
mult MA), et
(NO
Exploitation of higher
frequency bands
pt
e
c
n
o
c
l
l
e
mc
lit)
o
p
t
s
n
Pha U plane
(C/
O,
M
I
e M rame
v
i
s
Mas ology/f
er
tc.
m
e
u
,
n
N
g
desi
17
18
To Beyond 4G Mobile
Communication and 5G
Pang-An, Ting
ICL / ITRI
September 2013
Copyright 2013 ITRI
Outline
Perspective requirements in 2020
Technologies in beyond 4G (B4G)
Feasible technologies for 5G
ITRIs planning on 5G system
Copyright 2013 ITRI
Outline
Copyright 2013 ITRI
Progress of Telecommunication Era

--- My Viewpoints
Generations
5G
4G
3G
4G
Regard 3G as a
platform of
3G
Gossip
+
Globalization
Gaming
Girls
Radio
bands
Standard
+
Growth
Gbps
everywhere
Giga number
of devices
Time
2000
Copyright 2013 ITRI
2010
2020
4
Definition of Beyond 4G
3GPP activities
LTE-Advanced (4G)
Source: 4G: LTE/LTE-Advanced for

Mobile Broadband by Erik Dahlman etc.
LTE
B4G
Source : MTK
Rel-12
Copyright 2013 ITRI
Perspective Requirements at 2020

Demand of mobile data traffic
Spectrum supply and usage
Annual Traffic(ExaB)
SourceNSN, Cisco, (Oct 2012)
Copyright 2013 ITRI
SourceRysavy Research (Oct 2012)
(xMbps to xGbps)
(x sec to x msec)
Copyright 2013 ITRI
Copyright 2013 ITRI
Three Dimensions for Capacity Improvement

Spectrum
Efficiency
Spectrum
Extension/
Utilization
Network
Efficiency/
Density
1000x
Capacity
Dimensions
Feasible technologies
Spectrum
efficiency
Interference management and traffic adaptation (IMTA)

Multiple antennas (MIMO) / Massive MIMO / Smart antenna
Spectrum
extension
Network
configuration
& optimization
Copyright 2013 ITRI
New Carrier Type (NCT)

Carrier aggregation (CA)
TV white space
Visible Light Communication (VLC)
Cognitive Radio (CR)
Small cell deployment (relay / backhaul)
Efficient machine type communication (MTC)
Direct communication (D2D)
Self-organizing network (SON)
Heterogeneous network (HetNet)
Software-defined network (SDN)
9
Outline
Copyright 2013 ITRI
10
LTE Release 12 and Beyond
Copyright 2013 ITRI
11
LTE Release 12 and Beyond
Bandwidth expansion
Signaling supporting up to 100

MHz from carrier aggregation
Densification
2 bps/Hz
HetNet interference
management
Mobility management
4x2
3 bps/Hz
2.8 bps/Hz
12%*
4x4
eMIMO CoMP
8x2
He
tNe
t (4
DL avg. cell
throughput
LP
no
7%*
des
2.3%
)
eICIC CoMP
Spectral efficiency
10 bps/Hz
0.06 bps/Hz
0.09 bps/Hz
0.07 bps/Hz
4x2
4x4
(4
Net
Het
CoMP
MIMO
More successful in fairness
improvement than increasing
spectral efficiency
Managed to bend the curves
somewhat, but havent been
able to shift the curves much
2.7%
LP n
s)
ode
DL cell edge user

throughput
8x2
4%
eICIC
10%*
eMIMO
30%*
CoMP
20%
CoMP
0.07 bps/Hz
* w.r.t. 4x2 SU-MIMO
Copyright 2013 ITRI
12
12
Potential Technologies
Small Cell Enhancement
Copyright 2013 ITRI
13
LTE-WiFi Integration
Copyright 2013 ITRI
14
Outline
Copyright 2013 ITRI
15
Two paths toward 5G : Revolution + Evolution

Revolution path
(Radio Access)
Evolution path
(Network Architecture)
Peak Rate
System
Performance
LTE-B,C
enhanced
Local Area Access
LTE-A
LTE
Mbps
UMTS
WCDMA
Rel-12/13 onward
Kbps
CA/eICIC/CoMP
GSM
Rel-10/11
Pico/Femto
Rel-8/9
bps
AMPS
Time
Time
Copyright 2013 ITRI
LTE
OFDMA
1980
1990
2000
2010
16
Two paths toward 5G : Revolution + Evolution

Evolution
path
Cloud RAN
Multi-RAT aggregation
( License / unlicensed bands )
(Bandwidth
aggregation)
Carrier
Aggregation
HetNet
Massive
MIMO
3D
antenna
Beam
Forming
with
mobility
(New Carrier
Type)
MMWave
NCT
2012
Copyright 2013 ITRI
2013
Revolution
path
2014
2015
2016
17
CA of Alternative Spectra
Current Layer 2 structure has good flexibility and

extensibility to aggregate 3GPP or non-3GPP families
of technologies.
Not much impact on Layer 2 and upper layers
Better resource management for both LTE and non-LTE
carriers
Continue the success and bring in more spectra

Radio Bearers
Radio Bearers
ROHC
...
ROHC
Security
...
...
ROHC
ROHC
...
ROHC
Security
Security
...
Security
Segm.
ARQ etc
Segm.
ARQ etc
...
Segm.
ARQ etc
...
PDCP
RLC
RLC
Segm.
ARQ etc
...
...
ROHC
ROHC
...
ROHC
Security
...
Security
Segm.
ARQ etc
...
Segm.
ARQ etc
...
PDCP
Security
...
Security
Segm.
ARQ etc
...
Segm.
ARQ etc
...
CCCH BCCH PCCH
CCCH BCCH PCCH
Logical Channels
Logical Channels
Unicast Scheduling / Priority Handling
Unicast Scheduling / Priority Handling

Multiplexing UE1
...
Multiplexing UEn
MAC
MAC
Multiplexing UE1
...
HARQ
Multiplexing UEn
HARQ
HARQ
...
HARQ
DL-SCH
DL-SCH
Layer 2 Structure for DL

Copyright 2013 ITRI
HARQ
...
HARQ
Transport Channels
Transport Channels
BCH
PCH
DL-SCH
on CC1
DL-SCH
on CCx
DL-SCH
on CC1
DL-SCH
on CCy
BCH
PCH
Layer 2 Structure for DL with CA

18
18
CA of Alternative Spectra
Candidates for Further Aggregation
3GPP family
LTE + HSPA, LTE FDD + TDD
Unlicensed bands
Visible Light Communication (VLC) ideal for LTE CA
Non-3GPP based technologies
Integration of WiFi happening in different

levels
Utilize all available means of

communication in a phone
IP layer at PDN Gateway outside of core network

IP layer at nodeB or other nodes inside core
network
ima
ge s
ens
o
Elevated TSG SA working groups activities

herald changes are coming
RAN plays important role in 2nd level
integration
CA of WiFi can be a third and tightest level of
integration
BW = 76 MHz
SMH
(TV bands)
700 MHz
BW = 140 MHz
BW = 90 MHz
BW = 97 MHz
BW = 530 MHz
BW = 8.64 GHz
Cellular
PCS
AWS
WLAN
802.11b/g/n
WLAN
802.11a/n/ac
Wireless
Gigabit
Visible Light
Communication
800 MHz
1900 MHz
2100 MHz
60 GHz
700 THz
BW = 50 MHz
2.4 GHz
5 GHz
Frequency
US spectrum map
Copyright 2013 ITRI
19
19
3D Beamforming and Massive MIMO
Copyright 2013 ITRI
20
A Vision of Network Architecture beyond 4G
Copyright 2013 ITRI
21
Ultr-Dense Network
Copyright 2013 ITRI
22
Diverse Radio Access Technology Convergence
Copyright 2013 ITRI
23
Network Intelligence
Copyright 2013 ITRI
24
Device to Device Communication
Copyright 2013 ITRI
25
Wireless Transport Network
Copyright 2013 ITRI
26
Cloud Based Management & SON
Copyright 2013 ITRI
27
Key Enablers
Copyright 2013 ITRI
28
Outline

Copyright 2013 ITRI
29
5G System Architecture (1/2)

Global Control Local Data
Scenarios
Salient Features
Control plane is backward compatible to 4G access
technology
5G access acts as a new carrier component of 4G
5G New Carrier Type (NCT)
mmWave radio
Live-demo at peak data rate

higher than 1Gbps by end of 2014
5G fast data transmission under 4G signaling & control
Wireless backhaul with low latency

Aggressive module and system designs regarding
massive MIMO technologies
Coverage up to 2Km
4G/5G multi-RAT / multi-mode

Coexistence
Inter-BS wireless backhaul

4G LTE Carrier
5G New Carrier
VLC Carrier
4G eNB
5G eNB
W
ire
d
RRH
ba
ck
ha
ul
radio
backh
aul
5G eNB
VLC b
ackha
ul
Activ
e
Syste
m
...
d
ire
W
Inter-eNB resource
aggregation
RRH
Ante
nna
ba
ha
ck
ul
Spatial
modulation
Massive
MIMO
D2D
VLC Cell
Copyright 2013 ITRI
30
5G System Architecture (2/2)

Phase array design for multiple antennas
Scenarios
mm-Wave link between BS

and UE for 1Gbps data rate
Coverage up to 2Km
Salient Features
High resolution phase array using
modified BUTLER matrix system
Laser Induced Metallization process
for high integrated and high gain UE
antenna
Beam-forming by massive MIMO with
beam acquisition & tracking
6-sector mm-Wave
Base Station
mm-Wave
UE module
Copyright 2013 ITRI
31
Baseband Requirements
Requirements for advanced 5G

access platform technology
High sampling and data exchange
rate for large bandwidth
High computing power capability
for high throughput signal
processing
Support for massive MIMO and
hybrid beamforming
Requirements for advanced 5G

baseband signal processing
technology
High throughput modulator and
de-modulator and MIMO
detector
High throughput channel codec
3D hybrid beamforming and UE
beam tracking optimization
In-campus Prototyping and Deployment
UE
BS
Massive MIMO
Massive MIMO
Laser Induced
Metallization process
for high integrated
and high gain UE
antenna
6-sector MMWave
Copyright 2013 ITRI
Scenarios
mm-Wave link between BS

and UE
5G New Carrier Type (NCT)
BW : scalable
bandwidth up to 1GHz
mmWave radio
Live-demo at peak data

rate higher than 1Gbps
Coverage up to 2Km
MMWave link
Massive MIMO
Carrier freq. : 24 GHz
Inter-BS wireless backhaul
Salient Features
High resolution phase

array using modified
BUTLER matrix system
Laser Induced
Metallization process
for high integrated and
high gain UE antenna
Beam-forming by
massive MIMO with
beam acquisition &
tracking
33
Conclusion
My viewpoint on 5G
Driving Force as Bowstring
Take GROWTH as a key word
In terms of
Capacity per area
Devices by IoT
Evolution Path as Bow
LTE/LTE-A supports infrastructure
Horizontal/Vertical HetNet
Evolution Path
Revolution Path
Revolution Path as Arrow
Take NCT as a good opportunity

for 5G
Higher band radio such as

millimeter wave technology
Massive MIMO radio such as

phase array technology
Copyright 2013 ITRI
Driving Force
34
Fast Moving Backhaul
ILGYU KIM
Mobile GiGa Transmission Research Section
Wireless Transmission Research Department
Communications Internet Research Laboratory
Introduction
Increase of mobile data traffic
bandwidth killer:
portable and intellingent terminal
By Device Type
Terabytes per Month
Nonsmartphones
Smartphones
(=X 24)
Laptops
and Netbooks
Tablets
Home Gateways
X 515
X 122
M2M
Other
Portable Devices
<Ref.> 2011.Feb., Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2010-2015
Introduction
Increase of data traffic at high speed transportation
Most consumers uses high speed wireless internet services at Low or
high mobility environments.
90% of traffic Big Bang comes from VoD and Cloud services
Wireless Internet use
Seamless service is required for 6.9 billion (BUS), 2.2 Billion (Subway), 1 Billion
(train) users in Korea
Freedom of two hands !
Low
Medium
High mobility
(above 100km/h )
Introduction
Property of existing cellular systems
Optimized for (low speed) pedestrian user
Performance Characterization
0~15 km/hr
Optimal
15~120 km/hr
High
120 ~ 350 km/hr :
Functional
Existing cellular system

cannot meet user requirement
at high mobility !
Velocity Range
Low
Medium
High mobility
(above 100km/h )
MHN
Project Goal
Same QoS is provided for high speed mobile users compared to
static/low-speed moving users
Provide very high data rate (Gbps level) for wireless backhaul
Target spectrum efficiency is 4 bps/Hz @ 400 km/hr
MHN : Mobile Hotspot Network
Low
Medium
High mobility
(above 100km/h )
MHN
Project overview
Development of a next generation mobile wireless backhaul system to
provide gigabit mobile service to users on a high-speed transportation
By using mmWave (SHF/EHF)
Mobile Hot spot Network
SHF : Super-High Frequency

(3 GHz 30 GHz)
User Equipment
Smallcell
mTE
EHF : Extremely-High Frequency

(30 GHz 300 GHz)
3G/4G
Network
Public
Internet
WiFi
Femto
4G & MHN Service
mRU
MHN Server
mTE
mDU
mTE
MHN
Transport
Network
mGW
mGW
* mGW: mobile gateway, mDU: mobile node-B digital unit, mRU: mobile node-B RF unit, mTE: mobile terminal equipment
MHN
High-speed train usage case (Railways)
SHF : Super-High Frequency

(3 GHz 30 GHz)
EHF : Extremely-High Frequency
(30 GHz 300 GHz)
mTE Device on the roof of the carriage top

Inside : WiFi or Femto
HSS
MME
PCRF
eNB
Public Internet
SGW
eNB
PGW
Cellular
Cellular
mDU
mGW
mDU
mRU
mRU
mRU
SHF/EHF
mTE
WiFi/Femto
WiFi/Femto
mRU
mTE
WiFi/Femto
MHN
High-speed bus/car usage case (Highways)
mTE Device on top of the bus

Inside : WiFi or Femto
HSS
MME
PCRF
eNB
SGW
Public Internet
eNB
PGW
Cellular
Cellular
mDU
mGW
mDU
mRU
mRU
mRU
SHF/EHF
mTE
WiFi/Femto
mTE
WiFi/Femto
mRU
mTE
WiFi/Femto
MHN
Challenging development items
Radio transmission technology optimized for wideband mmWave
spectrum
Technology to overcome high Doppler effect
Efficient AFC algorithm both on downlink and uplink

Technology to overcome high path loss of mmWave
Fixed or Adaptive beamforming

DAS-MIMO
Efficient handover protocol at high speed (@400 km/hr)
No drop time, No data loss

mRU
wireless backhaul
mTE
DAS : Distributed Antenna System

AFC : Automatic Frequency Control
8
MHN
Radio transmission bandwidth
Considering both of available frequency resources and technical

issue
Basic : 125 MHz
carrier aggregation
125 MHz
Frequency
MHN
OFDM Symbols
Considered 400 km/h speed at 27 GHz carrier center frequency

Considered delay spread for 1 km cell radius
Subcarrier spacing 180 kHz and 1/8 CP
CP
CP
CP
CP
1 slot = 40 OFDM symbols = 250 us
6.25 us
0.69 us
5.56 us
10
10
MHN
Multiple Access
OFDM based structure for both downlink and uplink
Spectral efficiency of 4 bps/Hz can be achieved at 400 km/h speed
Multiple mTE can share the frequency time resources

1
33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
12
11
10
50 RB (108 MHz)
Fast moving mTE can be served 2 Gbps services over 500 MHz full bandwidth
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
slot
11
11
MHN
AFC is important
Doppler shift impairment UL performance degradation

fo
feNB-TX
UE AFC
fUE-RX
feNB-RX
fo
fUE-TX
feNB-RX
2fo
eNB
12
MHN
Candidate frequencies
Frequency Usage in Korea
13
MHN
Beamforming
Coverage (Highway case)
Cell radius (distance between mRUs) : 1 Km
z()
y()
x()
40m
1000m
Antenna beam pattern to cover service area

(Elevation/Azimuth)
14
14
MHN
DAS-MIMO/Multi-flow
Multi-flow based on DAS-MIMO structure
mGW
Optical fiber
mDU #0
mDU #1
X2 interface
mRU #0
mRU #1
mRU #2
mRU #3
mRU #4
mRU #5
mTE
15
MHN
Two types of HO
mGW
Intra-site
Multi-flow
mDU2
Inter-site
Multi-flow
mDU3
mRU1
mDU1
mRU2
X2
X2
mTE
RU9
16
MHN
HO with multi-flow
17
III Future Plans

Project outline
Phase 1
- Derivation of core technologies
- Development of wireless access technologies
- Prototype development
1st year : Core technology development / Simulation verification
2nd year : FPGA level 625Mbps verification / Indoor demonstration

3rd year : FPGA level 1.25Gbps verification / Outdoor demonstration
Phase 2
- Technology advancement
- ASIC level 2.5 Gbps verification
- Commercialization
18
Thank you
19
Technology for
the Networked
Society
Dongjoo Park (dongjoo.park@ericssonlg.com)
September 4, 2013
The starting point

- 22 years ago
GSM
Linus Torvalds
Tim Berners-Lee
Vision and Technology trends for 5G | 2013-09-04 | Page 2
Result and a new

starting point
2 B.
Internet
users
8 T.
Sms sent
2011
6 B.
Mobile
subscriptions
35 B.
Application
downloads
80%
Population
coverage
1,4 B.
Social media
users
INFLECTION POINTS
DRIVING OUR BUSINESS
THINGS
50 billion
Digital society
Sustainable world
Personal
mobile
Inflection
points
Global
connectivity
1875
1900
PEOPLE 5 billion
PLACES 1 billion
1925
Source: Ericsson
1950
1975
2000
2025
Mobile traffic, voice and data

M2M traffic to be
added on top
Subscriber traffic in mobile access networks

Monthy Petabytes (1015)
5 000
4 000
3 000
Mobile PC &
Tablets
2 000
Mobile handheld
1 000
Voice
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Source: Internal Ericsson

DVB-H, Mobile WiMax, M2M and WiFi traffic not included
This slide contains forward looking statements
Moving to the
Networked Society
By 2020, everything that

benefits from a network
connection will be
connected. Foundation is
Mobility, Broadband and Cloud
Technologies for The

Networked Society
+
Broadband
Mobility
Cloud
Service Awareness
Network and Services Exposure
Services Evolution
Network Enabled Cloud
Capacity, Cost & Flexibility
Evolution of LTE
Enhanced performance and extended capabilities
Higher capacity, higher end-user data rates, improved energy
efficiency,
New use cases

Local-area deployments, machine communication, NSPS,
Improved
Higher capacity energy efficiency
Mobile
Broadband
Rel-8
LTE
Rel-9
Higher data rates

Local-area
enhancements
New applications
Rel-10
LTE-A
Rel-11
Rel-12
Rel-13
Rel-14
5G Wireless access
1990
5G
=
evolution of
existing standards
2000
2010
2020
GSM
Wi-Fi
3G
4G
+
complementary
new technologies
New wireless technolo

5G
Future Wireless access

Key challenges
Massive growth in
Massive growth in
Wide range of
Traffic Volume
Connected Devices
Requirements &
Characteristics
1000x and beyond
50 billion devices
Data rates
Latency
Reliability
Device energy
consumption
Device cost
.....
Affordable and sustainable

Future (5G) radio access

A set of integrated radio-access technologies
jointly enabling the long-term Networked Society
Multi-hop
communication
Device-to-device
communication and
cooperative devices
Ultra-dense deployments
Ultra-reliable
communication
Inter-vehicular / vehicular-to-road
communication
Massive machine
communication
METIS: Fact Sheet

An Integrated Project under EU Framework Programme 7
Budget: 27 M
Project Length: 30 months (from 2012-11-01 to 2015-04-30)
Resource: ~ 80 persons working full time
Contact & Information:

www.metis2020.com
facebook.com/metis2020
twitter.com/metis2020
METIS: Objectives
Lay the foundation & Ensure a global forum & Build an early global
consensus for beyond 2020 5Gmobile & wireless communications
Exploring new paradigms,

fundamentals, system
concepts
Optimisation /
Standardisation
Beyon
d
2020
system
Implementation
Further developments on fundamentals
2012
WRC12
2015
WRC15
2018
WRC18
2020
METIS Structure
WP7 Dissemination, Standardization and Regulation
WP5 Spectrum
Testbed
WP1 Scenarios, Requirements & KPIs
Testbed
WP4 Multi-RAT
/Multi-layer Networks
Propagation
Scenarios,
KPIs
WP3 Multi-node/Multiantenna Transmissions
Testbed
WP2 Radio Link
Concepts
Testbed
WP8 Project Management
Feedback
WP1 (DoCoMo)
WP2 (Huawei)
WP3 (AlcatelLucent)
WP4 (NSN)
WP5 (Nokia)
WP6 (Ericsson)
WP7 (Ericsson)
WP8 (Ericsson)
Solutions
WP6 System Design and Performance
Work Packages:
Concluding remarks
5G system will meet our long-term vision of unlimited
access to information and sharing of data available
anywhere and anytime to anyone and anything
Technology coordination for a combination of integrated
RATs, including evolved versions of LTE and HSPA, as well
as specialized RATs for specific use cases
www.huawei.com
The Unlicensed Spectrum Usage for Future IMT

Technologies
Efficient LTE technologies enables better performance and experience
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Content
WHY - Plentiful Resources but low Efficiency
WHAT LTE on unlicensed spectrum
How Key Tech. and Industry Development
Page 2
Plentiful Unlicensed spectrum assigned Not Ignore !!
Others:
Band
Frequency Range
(MHz)
ISM
24000-24250
ISM
61000-61500
Unlicensed PCS
2390-2400
Currently, the amount unlicensed spectrum assigned > the amount of licensed spectrum
In the near future, more unlicensed spectrum are planned to be allocated
Page 3
A Popular technology on unlicensed spectrum: WiFi vs. LTE

Coverage comparison
Peak rate comparison
TD-LTE 5.9GHz 20dBm(38m)

WIFI
TD-LTE capacity is 1.09Gbps@80MHz,4X4MIMO
Low
WiFi capacity is 0.75Gbps@80MHz,4X4MIMO
5.9GHz 20dBm(28m)
Protocol design
Low
Overhead
Low Efficiency
than LTE
LTE Pros. :
Higher efficient scheduling mechanism
Better QoS insurance
Uniform OAM& SON
Better Security
Simple
but limited
Mobility and service continuity
DL resource efficiency
WiFi 52.4% to 4.8%

TD-LTE61.2% to 38.1%
Better power saving
WiFi40.4%, 68.1%
TD-LTE30.9%, 33.3%.
Low Efficiency Unlicensed Spectrum is not fully used & Deployment is limited
Page 4
High
Content
WHY- Plentiful Resources but low Efficiency
WHAT LTE on unlicensed spectrum

Page 5
LTE on unlicensed spectrum - High Efficiency & Capacity complement
The natural advantages of

LTE can improve the usage of
unlicensed spectrum
Higher coverage
Higher peak rate
Lower overhead
Higher Tx efficiency
As a good complement for LTE

capacity, LTE on unlicensed
spectrum can provide a better
aggregating solution
Capacity
Complement
High
Efficiency
Unlicensed secondary carriers: as

capacity/offload layers
Control and management based on
licensed primary carrier
Inherit most of the merits of LTE:
manageable/security/control/etc.
Make it easy to adapt LTE into fully
unlicensed utilization
Here, LTE on unlicensed spectrum is named to U-LTE

Page 6
Focuses on the Prioritized scenarios: Operator and Enterprise

Main Application Scenarios for Unlicensed Spectrum
Resident
Public
Local
personal
Operators
Enterprise
Solutions to be applied:
WiFi self-evolution
Carrier WiFi
@unlicensed
LTE-Hi
As secondary CR
system
@unlicensed
As an integrated part of LTE licensed network,

U-LTE is used in scenarios deployed by operators and enterprises.
Page 7
Content
WHY- Plentiful Resources but low Efficiency
WHAT- LTE on unlicensed spectrum
Page 8
U-LTE: Basic Principles

What to be inherited from the LTE merits
Basic architecture: centralized scheduler & coordination between nodes

Basic system BW, multiple access techniques (OFDMA on DL, SC-FDMA on UL)
Basic numerology
Basic mobility, security, QoS, etc.
Fit unlicensed: Self-Protection
Guarantee its quality of communication

coexists with the other unlicensed systems,
such as WiFi, Bluetooth,
multiple nodes or devices of coexist
closely without planning.
Fit unlicensed: Fairness

Guarantee the spectrum usage by the other
unlicensed systems as fair as possible
Page 9
U-LTE: Three Use cases

Type 1: Pico with co-located Licensed & unlicensed
CA
Type 2: Macro with co-located or inter-site (with RRH)

Licensed & unlicensed CA
Type 3: Macro with co-located Licensed & unlicensed

CA
unlicensed spectrum has smaller range than licensed spectrum
unlicensed spectrum has similar range with good Beamforming
Note: The node transmission power is based on regulation requirements of Co-existence and Radiation safety
Page 10
U-LTE: An integrated part of LTE licensed network
1. Secondary Carrier design

Option 1: DL only
unlicensed carrier (FDD
Pcell or TDD Pcell )
Option 2: DL+UL
unlicensed carrier (FDD
Pcell or TDD Pcell
2. Co-existence
Feasibility
&
Efficiency
2.1 Inter-operator
interference
2.2 Inter-RAT system:
Mainly WiFi
Better Experience
Implement the LTE valuable features
(Mobility, QoS, security, ) through Pcell
Explore the wide band resources on
unlicensed spectrum
It is beneficial to be compatible with the
design of residential scenarios
Note: Pcell is Primary Cell
Page 11
Key point-1: Unlicensed Secondary carriers Design
Option 1: DL only unlicensed carrier (FDD Pcell or TDD Pcell )
Option 2: DL+UL unlicensed carrier (FDD Pcell or TDD Pcell)
If the QoS can be guaranteed, it is inclined to occupy unlicensed spectrum first.

Page 12
Key Point-2.1: Inter operator interference

Each operator has the equal right to access the unlicensed spectrum but without
coordinated geographical isolation among different eNodeBs.
Principal: Sensing or coordinating before using
It is beneficial to coordinate the occupying and releasing spectrum among different

operators
Solution: Over-the air seems the only feasible way for coordination
X2 or wired line are not available between different operators
Static agreement can not be flexible
Page 13
Key Point-2.2: Principal on Coexistence with WiFi
Capacity Analysis :
When the load become higher, the throughput of standalone WiFi decreases while the throughput of standalone
LTE still increases due to the different scheduling mechanisms.

140
121
Http download (Mbps)
97
100
80
TD-LTE
DL
WiFi DL
73
63
60
51
45.8
46.1
3 UEs
4 UEs
40
20
Cell edge UPT (Mbps)
113
120
0
1 UE
2 UEs
Besides the difference of scheduling mechanisms, due to HARQ, link adaptation based on receivers SINR, and
periodic transmission of common channels in LTE, it is deduced that if LTE directly coexists with WiFi on the
same unlicensed carrier, LTE will finally kick WiFi off when load is high.
Page 14
Key Point-2.2: Suggestions on Coexistence with WiFi
Friendly
relations
Protocol Changes
Less
LTE directly on unlicensed

spectrum
No change to current standard
LTE on unlicensed spectrum

with resource releasing after
satisfy its own requirements
Adaptive Cell on/off; Channel

Hopping; Time muting;
LTE on unlicensed spectrum

with voluntary sacrifice
Sensing and conflict resolution; Resource

coordination ; Flexible common channels; Fine
time domain scheduling; Loose relationship
between consequent transmissions, etc.
More
Page 15
Industry Development: Business + Standardization + Chaining
LTE on unlicensed spectrum (U-LTE)

Build a Healthy Industry
ecosystem for U-LTE
Business:
Cooperation with
operators
Make an available
Business Model
Standardization:
Focus on 3GPP
Scope:
RAN technologies
changes based on LTE
RF coexistence study
Timeline: Rel-13
Chaining:
Cooperation with
operators, infrastructure,
chipset, terminal vendors
etc.
Drive a mature industry
chaining for U-LTE
Page 16
Summary
Scenarios
Technologies
Scenarios deployed by
operators and enterprises are
prioritized
It is beneficial to be
compatible with the design of
residential scenarios
Aggregating unlicensed spectrum as

the secondary component carriers with
the licensed carriers
Both Self-Protection and Fairness
should be guaranteed
LTE can provide configurable
different level of fairness
Inter operator coexistence should be
handled
Explore the wide band resources on
unlicensed spectrum
Industry
Make an available business

model with operators
Standardization on RAN and
RF technologies in 3GPP
Drive a mature industry with
operators, infrastructure,
chipset, terminal vendors etc.
LTE on unlicensed Spectrum (U-LTE)

Page 17
Thank you !
Page 18

Migration From 4G To 5G

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What are the general trends in mobile technology generations?

What are the general trends in mobile technology generations?

What are the requirements for future macro cell technology?

What are the requirements for future macro cell technology?

Migration from 4G to 5G

- Revolution or Evolution ? Sept. 4th, 2013

General Mobile Technology Trend by Generations

Peak Useful Data Rate (Mb/s)

What will be 5G then ?

My view on Generation technology

If there is a technology called 5G, it

Requirements to future Macro Cell

Frequency allocation to mobile

900M 1.5G 1.7G 2G

Current wireless systems

Ship, Railway, Taxi, Truck, Electricity, Gas

Military, police, ambulance,

LEO, Mobile satellites, GPS

Too many systems !

From national economy viewpoint

Each system has its own requirements, but many

SMR system trends

They need to change to broadband systems

SMRs should adopt LTE for broadband

LTE will keep evolving

Band operation re-arrangement

Additional requirements to LTE

Many SMRs require group call function

Some SMRs require strong security

Running LTE SMR (1)

A new operating company, handling many SMR

Several business models are possible

Running LTE SMR (2)

700MHz band allocation in US

Band 17: AT&T:LTE

Band 14 Public Safety Broadband

Basic FirstNet concept

FirstNet will provide service

US government made some functional request to 3GPP

Restoration form a disaster

On emergency, communication tool is very important

Introduction of Very Low Rate

Expand the coverage of non-damaged base station

TV broadcast should be LTE based

All digital TV should be TD-LTE based

TV broadcast should be LTE based

PMSE should be LTE based

Wireless LAN can be LTE based

WLAN MAC should be CSMA-CA based

What should not be LTE based

Summary on LTE convergence

If most of the systems deploy LTE, there will be a

Next change to mobile radio technology is to

Mobile terminal market

Mobile Service Market

Over 3 billions of Laptops, Pads and

Over 5 billions of download

Mobile data traffic is doubled