Chap25 10

Chapter 25
25.2 The capacitor in Fig. 25-26 has a capacitance of 25nF and is initially uncharged. The
battery provides a potential difference of 120 V. After switch S is closed, how much charge will
pass through it.
This question is really asking what the charge on the C is....
q = CV = 25nF $ 120V = 3000nC

25.4 You have two flat metal plates, each of area 1.00m2 with which to construct a a parallel
plate capacitor. (a) If the capacitance of the device is to be 1.00 F, what must be the separation
between the plates. (b) Could this capacitor actually be constructed....
0 A
d
0 A 0 1m 2
d=
=
= 8.85 10 12 m
C
1.00F
C=
...no way you could do this

25.7 What is the capacitance of a drop that results when two mercury spheres, each of radius
R=2.00mm, merge?
4
Vnew = 2 $ 3 rr 3 = 6.7 # 10 -8 m 3
rnew = 2.52 # 10 -2 m
C = 4rf0 r = 2.8 # 10 -13 F
We first calculate the volume of the resulting drop. This allows us to find the radius of the
resulting drop
25.8 In Fig. 25-27 find the equivalent capacitance of the combination. Assume that C1 = 10 F ,
C2 = 5 F and C3 = 4 F .
Capacitors 1 and 2 are in series. We calculate the equivalent capacitance for this combination
and then note that it is in parallel with 3.
1
Cseries
Cseries
C parallel
1
1
1
1
3
+
=
+
=
C1 C2 10 F 5 F 10 F
10
= F
3
10
= F + 4 F
3
22
=
F
3
=
25.9 In Fig. 25-29 find the equivalent capacitance of the combination. Assume that
C1 = 10 F , C2 = 5 F and C3 = 4 F .
Capacitors 1 and 2 are in parallel. We calculate the equivalent capacitance for this combination
and then note that it is in series with 3.
C parallel = C1 + C2 = 15 F
1
Cseries
Cseries
1
1
4
15
19
+
=
+
=
15 F 4 F 60 F 60 F 60 F
60
=
F
29
=
25.11 Each of the uncharged capacitors in Figure 25-30 has a capacitance of 25nF . A potential
difference of V = 4200 V is established when the switch is closed. How many coulombs of
charge pass through meter A.
The charge that passes through the meter is the charge that would end up on the equivalent
capacitor. We first find the equivalent capacitance...
Ceq = 25nF + 25nF + 25nF = 75nF

We can now compute the charge on the equivalent capacitor
qeq = Ceq V = 75 # 10 -6 F $ 4200V = 0.315 C
25.12 In Fig. 25-30, the battery has a potential difference of V=10 V and the five capacitors each
have a capacitance of 10 F . What is the charge on (a) capacitor 1 and (b) capacitor 2.
We can calculate the charge on capacitor one very easily, since we know the voltage across it.
q = CV = 10.0 F 10.0V = 100 C
To tackle the charge on C2, we need to do some substitutions. The picture below shows the
successive substitutions.
C
2
Ceq
2
Ceq
3
Ce
q
1
1 1 2
C
= + = Ceq 2 = = 5 F
Ceq 2 C C C
2
Ceq 3 = Ceq 2 + C = 5 F + 10 F = 15 F
1
1
1
1
1
=
+ =
+
Ceq = 6 F
Ceq Ceq 2 C 15 F 10 F
Now that we know the progression of substitutions, we can start with the final equivalent
capacitor and work backward to find the charge on C2. We know that the voltage across the
equivalent capacitor is 10V.
qeq = CeqV = 6F 10V = 60C
The charge on Ceq3 is the same as the charge on Ceq since Ceq arose from a series replacement.
The charge on series capacitors and their replacement is always the same. This allows us to find
the voltage across Ceq3.
Veq 3 =
qeq 3 60 C
=
= 4V
Ceq 3 15 F
This is the voltage across Ceq2 since parallel capacitors and their equivalent replacement always
have the same voltage. This allows us to compute the charge on Ceq2.
qeq 2 = Ceq 2 Veq 2 = 5 F 4V = 20 C
This is the charge on C2. We know this because the charge on series capacitors and their
replacement is the same.
q2 = 20 C
.
25.17 Did in problem session (I think).
25.23 In Fig. 25-39, the battery has potential difference V=9.0, C2 = 3.0F , C4 = 4.0F , and all
the capacitors are initially uncharged. When switch S is closed, a total charge of 12C passes
through point a and a total charge 8C passes through point b.
What are (a) C1 and (b) C3?
We know that the charge on C4 must be 8C since all of that charged passed through point b.
We can calculate the voltage on C4
V4 =
q4 8C
=
= 2V
C 4 4 F
If 12C passed through a and 8C passed through (b), we know that 4 C must be on C3.
Using this charge and the voltage we computed, we can find C3.
C3 =
q3 4 C
=
= 2 F
V3
2V
C
1
C
2
a
b
C
3
C
4
Since 12C passed through a , we know that the charge on both C1 and C2 must be 12C . We
can compute the voltage across C2.
V2 =
q2 12 C
=
= 4V
C 2 3 F
We know that the voltage across all of the capacitors is 9V, and the voltage across C2 and C4 are
4V and 2V respectively. This means that the remaining 3V drop occurs across C1. Using the
charge and voltage, we can now compute C1.
C1 =
q1 12 C
=
= 4F
V1
3V
25.26 Figure 25-42 displays a 12.0 V battery and 3 uncharged capacitors of capacitances
C1 = 4.00nF , C2 = 6.00nF , and C3 = 3.00nF . The switch is thrown to the left side until
capacitor 1 is fully charged. Then the switch is thrown to the right. What is the final charge on
(a) capacitor 1, (b) capacitor 2, and (c) capacitor 3?
Initially we charge capacitor 1 by itself. It is straightforward how to compute its charge.
q1 init = C1 V = 4.00nF $ 12V = 48 nC

Now that we know the charge on capacitor 1, we can flip the switch. When we do this, charge
will flow from 1 to 2 and 3. At the end, the voltage across capacitor 1 will equal the sum of the
voltages across capacitors 2 and 3
V1final = V2final + V3final

q1final
q2final q3final
C1 = C2 + C3
Series Capacitors: q2final = q3final = q
q1final
q
q
C1 = C2 + C3
q1final
1
1
C1 = q a C2 + C3 k
1
1
q1final = qC1 a C + C k
2
3
Charge Conservation: q1 init = q1final + q
1
1
q1 init = q1final + q = qC1 a C + C k + q
2
3
1
1
CC
CC
CC
q1 init = q ; C1 a C + C k + 1 E = q 9a C1 C3 + C1 C2 k + C2 C3 C
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
C1 C2 + C2 C3 + C1 C3
q1 init = q 9
C
C2 C3
CC
q = 9 C C + C2 C3 + C C C q1 init
1
2
2
3
1
3
6 nF $ 3 nF
q = ; 4 nF $ 6 nF + 6 nF $ 3 nF + 4 nF $ 3 nF E 48 nC
q = 16 nC
q1final = q1 init - q = 32nC
25.29 A 2.0 F and a 4.0 F are connected in parallel across a 300V potential difference.
Calculate the total energy stored in the capacitors.
1
1
1
1
2
2
U = C1V1 + C2V2 = 2 106 (300V ) 2 + 4 106 (300V ) 2 = 0.27J
2
2
2
2
25.31 What capacitance is required to store an energy for 10 kWh at a potential difference of
1000 V.
We convert to Joules first, and then find C.
U = 10 kWh = 10, 000W $ 3600s = 3.6 # 10 7 J

1
U = 2 CV 2
2U
2 $ 3.6 # 10 7 J
C= 2 =
= 72 F
V
^ 1000V h2
25.39 A charged isolated metal sphere of diameter 10 cm has a potential of 8000V relative to
V=0 at infinity. Calculate the energy density in the electric field near the surface of the sphere.
To compute the energy density in the field, we need to find the field. Since this charge is on a
sphere, we can compute the field easily from the potential, assuming a point charge.
q
V = 4rf R
0
q = 4rf0 R V
q
4rf0 R V
V
=
= R
4rf0 R 2
4rf0 R 2
1
1
V 2
uE = 2 f0 E 2 = 2 f0 a R k = 0.113 J/m 3
E=
(Note: The radius is 0.05m)

25.41 Given a 7.4pF air-filled capacitor, you are asked to convert it to a capacitor that can store
up to 7.4 nJ with a maximum potential difference of 652 V. Which dielectric in Table 25-1
should you use to fill the gap in the capacitor if you do not allow for a margin of error?
We need to find the required capacitance and then find the dielectric constant that we need to
construct that capacitor from the air-filled capacitor that we have. We should then be able to
identify the material.
1
U = 2 CV 2
2U
C = 2 = 3.4815 # 10 -11 F
V
C = lC0
34.815pF
C
l = C = 7.4pF = 4.705
0
We need to you Pyrex

25.48 Figure 25-48 shows a parallel-plate capacitor with a plate area A = 5.56cm 2 and place
separation d = 5.56 mm . The left half of the gap is filled with material of dielectric constant
1 = 7.00; the right half is filled with material of dielectric constant 2 = 12.00 What is the
capacitance?
You can think of this as two capacitors in parallel--each with half the area and its own dielectric
constant.
10 A1 10 (A / 2)
=
d
d
A (A / 2)
C2 = 2 0 2 = 2 0
d
d
(A / 2) 20 (A / 2)
C parallel = C1 + C2 = 1 0
+
d
d
A
= (1 + 2 ) 0
2d
8.85 1012 5.56 104 m 2
= (7.00 + 12.00)
2 5.56 103 m
= 8.4074 1012 F
C1 =
25.49 Figure 25-49 shows a parallel plate capacitor with a plate area A = 7.89cm 2 and plate
separation d = 4.62 mm . The top half of the gap is filled with material of dielectric constant
1 = 11.00 ; the bottom half is filled with material of dielectric constant 2 = 12.00 What is the
capacitance?
You can think of this as two capacitors in parallel--each with half the area and its own dielectric
constant.
10 A1 10 A
=
d1
d /2
A A
C2 = 2 0 2 = 2 0
d2
d /2
1
1
1
d /2
d /2
= +
=
+
Cseries C1 C2 10 A 20 A
d /2 1 1
d / 2 1 + 2
=
( + )=
(
)
0 A 1 2
0 A 1 2
A
Cseries = 0 ( 1 2 )
d / 2 1 + 2
C1 =
8.85 1012 7.89 104 m 2 1112

(
)
4.62 103 m / 2
11+ 12
= 1.734 1011 F
=
2
25.50 Figure 25-50 shows a parallel-plate capacitor of plate area A = 10.5cm and plate
separation 2d = 7.12mm . The left half of the gap is filled with material of dielectric constant
1 = 21.0 ; the top of the right half is filled with material of dielectric constant 2 = 42.0 ; the
bottom of the right half is filled with material of dielectric constant 3 = 58.0 . What is the
capacitance.
This capacitor can be thought of as three capacitors as shown below
C2
C1
C3
C2 and C3 in series
A/2
C1 = 1 0
= 1.37 10 11 F
2d
2 0 A / 2
C2 =
= 5.48 1011 F
d
3 0 A / 2
C3 =
= 7.57 10 11 F
d
1
1
1
=
+
11
C 5.48 10 F 7.57 10 11F
11
C = 3.18 10 F
C and C1 in parallel
Ceq = 1.37 10 11 F + 3.18 10 11 F
= 4.59 1011 F

Chap25 10

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Chapter 25

q = CV = 25nF $ 120V = 3000nC

...no way you could do this

Ceq = 25nF + 25nF + 25nF = 75nF

q1 init = C1 V = 4.00nF $ 12V = 48 nC

V1final = V2final + V3final

U = 10 kWh = 10, 000W $ 3600s = 3.6 # 10 7 J

(Note: The radius is 0.05m)

We need to you Pyrex

8.85 1012 7.89 104 m 2 1112

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