Temperature and Heat

UNIT 3: TEMPERATURE AND
HEAT
OBJECTIVES
Distinguish between heat and temperature.
Explain how temperature is measured.
Compare
the three common temperature
scales.
Solve problems in changing one scale to
another.
Temperature and Heat

Kinetic theory of matter - all matter is
made up of tiny particles called atoms

or molecules.
These particles are always moving, and
it is this movement that helps decide
what state of matter exists (solid,
liquid, gas).
The particles have potential and kinetic
energy (kinetic as they are moving, and
potential as they are potentially
attracted or repulsed by each other).
The TOTAL of all these forms of
energy in a particular substance is
called its thermal energy.
When you put a flame to a liquid, the liquid
becomes warmer or hotter. Why?
The molecules are made to race back and forth faster. In
other words, they gain kinetic energy. In general, the

warmer or hotter an object, the more kinetic energy its
atoms and molecules possess.

Temperature is the hotness or coldness of a
body.
Heat is the energy that transfers from a body
of higher temperature to another body of lower

temperature. A quantity of thermal energy
absorbed or given off by a body.

Temperature indicates the direction in which heat
flowing while heat is actual energy transferred.
In a set-up, a glass and pitcher filled with warm water of the same
temperature. Which water will dissolve an ice cube faster?

Temperature indicates the direction in which heat
flowing while heat is actual energy transferred.
A drop of boiling water on your hand will not burn you. But if a
glass of boiling water is accidentally spilled on your hand. What
do you think will happen?

How do we measure Temperature?
Thermometer
any thermal sensor that measures temperature.

Used to measure the hotness or coldness of
something.
Calibrations- lines on a thermometer.
A
thermometer can be calibrated by Fahrenheit,
Celsius, or Kelvin

Kinds of Thermometer
Liquid-in-glass thermometer
Made
of a glass tube with a

bulb on one end
Increase temperature- liquid
expand and rises up the
narrow tube
Decrease temperature-the
liquid contracts and falls.

Rotary thermometer
Consists
of a coiled bimetallic strip

(iron and brass) joined together.
Brass- expands more than iron does
when heated.
When bimetallic strip is heated, one
side of it becomes longer than the
other.
Increase
temperature- strip coils up

more and the pointer moves around
a scale.

Thermocouple thermometer
An
electronic thermometer
Wires made up of two different
metals are twisted together.
When the wire tips are heated, a
small electric current is
generated
The amount of current depends
on the temperature
Commonly used in measuring
the temperature of ovens and
furnaces.

Liquid crystal thermometer
Consists
of liquid crystals
Used particularly with
young children as a
forehead fever
thermometer
Used for measuring the
temperature of fish tanks.

Temperature Scales
Fahrenheit scale
Gabriel Fahrenheit
32 freezing point
212 boiling point at sea level
F degree Fahrenheit

Temperature Scales
Celsius scale
Anders
Celsius
0 freezing point
100 boiling point
C degree celsius

Temperature Scales
Kelvin scale
Intervals are the same with Celsius scale.

Any temperature can be changed to Celsius by
adding 273 to it.
273 freezing point
373 boiling point
-273 Absolute zero
Lowest possible temperature
It means that there is no more energy can be removed from
matter.

Temperature Scales

How to change readings from one
scale to another?
Fahrenheit to celcius
5
EQUATION 1
C=
(F 32)

scale to another?
From equation 1, solve for Fahrenheit
F=
C + 32
EQUATION 2

scale to another?
Celsius to Kelvin
C = K - 273
EQUATION 3

scale to another?
From equation 3, solve for Kelvin
K = C + 273
EQUATION 4
TEMPERATURE SCALES
CELSIUS
FAHRENHEIT
KELVIN
Boiling pt of water
1000C
2120F
373 K
Freezing point of water
0 0C
320F
273 K
Celsius to Fahrenheit: 0F = 9/5(0C) + 32

Fahrenheit to Celsius: 0C = 5/9 (0F 32)
Celsius to Kelvin:
K = 0C + 273

SAMPLE PROBLEM:
The normal body temperature is 37C.

How will you express this temperature in
F and K?
The highest atmospheric temperature ever

recorded on Earth was 57.8C. how will
you express this temperature in F and K?

SAMPLE PROBLEM:
A science article refers to a

temperature of 300.0 K. What is the
equivalent Celsius and Fahrenheit
temperature?
TRY IT!
A. The average human body temperature is 98.6
F. What is the equivalent temperature on the

Celsius scale?
B. The melting points mercury, copper and oxygen
are 234 K, 1356 K, and 54.4 K respectively.

What are the Celsius and Fahrenheit equivalents
of these substances?

Temperature and Heat

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UNIT 3: TEMPERATURE AND

the three common temperature