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Definition: Cardinal Numbers Ordinal Numbers Finite Absolutely Infinite Georg Cantor

Transfinite numbers are cardinal or ordinal numbers that are larger than finite numbers but not absolutely infinite. They were coined by Georg Cantor to avoid implications of infinity. Omega is the lowest transfinite ordinal number and defines the natural numbers. Aleph-null is the first transfinite cardinal number and defines the cardinality of the natural numbers. The continuum hypothesis states there are no cardinal numbers between aleph-null and the cardinality of the real numbers. Transfinite cardinals refer to the cardinality of Dedekind-infinite sets in some contexts.

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103 views

Definition: Cardinal Numbers Ordinal Numbers Finite Absolutely Infinite Georg Cantor

Transfinite numbers are cardinal or ordinal numbers that are larger than finite numbers but not absolutely infinite. They were coined by Georg Cantor to avoid implications of infinity. Omega is the lowest transfinite ordinal number and defines the natural numbers. Aleph-null is the first transfinite cardinal number and defines the cardinality of the natural numbers. The continuum hypothesis states there are no cardinal numbers between aleph-null and the cardinality of the real numbers. Transfinite cardinals refer to the cardinality of Dedekind-infinite sets in some contexts.

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An example of material from Wik

Transfinite numbers are cardinal numbers or ordinal numbers that are larger


than all finitenumbers, yet not necessarily absolutely infinite. The
term transfinite was coined by Georg Cantor, who wished to avoid some of the
implications of the word infinite in connection with these objects, which were
nevertheless not finite. Few contemporary workers share these qualms; it is
now accepted usage to refer to transfinite cardinals and ordinals as "infinite".
However, the term "transfinite" also remains in use.

[edit] Definition
As with finite numbers, there are two ways of thinking of transfinite numbers,
as ordinal and cardinalnumbers. Unlike the finite ordinals and cardinals, the transfinite ordinals
and cardinals define different classes of numbers.

 ω (omega) is defined as the lowest transfinite ordinal number and is the order type of


thenatural numbers under their usual linear ordering.

 Aleph-null,  , is defined as the first transfinite cardinal number and is the cardinality of


theinfinite set of the natural numbers. If the axiom of choice holds, the next higher cardinal
number is aleph-one,  . If not, there may be other cardinals which are incomparable with
aleph-one and larger than aleph-zero. But in any case, there are no cardinals between aleph-
zero and aleph-one.

The continuum hypothesis states that there are no intermediate cardinal numbers between aleph-
null and the cardinality of the continuum (the set of real numbers): that is to say, aleph-one is the
cardinality of the set of real numbers. (If Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory (ZFC) is consistent, then
neither the continuum hypothesis nor its negation can be proven from ZFC.)

Some authors, for example Suppes, Rubin, use the term transfinite cardinal to refer to the
cardinality of a Dedekind-infinite set, in contexts where this may not be equivalent to "infinite
cardinal"; that is, in contexts where the axiom of countable choice is not assumed or is not
known to hold. Given this definition, the following are all equivalent:

 m is a transfinite cardinal. That is, there is a Dedekind infinite set A such that the cardinality
of A is m.
 m + 1 = m.
  ≤ m.
 there is a cardinal n such that   + n = m.

[edit] See also
 Absolutely infinite
Look up transfinite in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
 Aleph number
 Beth number
 Georg Cantor  Large cardinal
 Cardinal number  Large countable ordinal
 Inaccessible cardinal  Limit ordinal
 Infinitesimal  Mahlo cardinal
 Measurable cardinal
 Ordinal arithmetic
 Ordinal number
 Transfinite Induction

[edit] References
 Levy, Azriel, 2002 (1978) Basic Set Theory. Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-42079-5
 O'Connor, J. J. and E. F. Robertson (1998) "Georg Ferdinand Ludwig Philipp Cantor,

" MacTutor History of Mathematics archive.

 Rubin, Jean E., 1967. "Set Theory for the Mathematician". San Francisco: Holden-Day. Grounded
in Morse-Kelley set theory.
 Rudy Rucker, 2005 (1982) Infinity and the Mind. Princeton Univ. Press. Primarily an exploration
of the philosophical implications of Cantor's paradise.

Patrick Suppes, 1972 (1960) "Axiomatic Set Theory". Dover. ISBN 0-486-61630-4. Grounded in

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