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Series Parallel Configurations

This document summarizes an experiment on Ohm's Law conducted by 8 students from the Electronics and Communications Engineering Department at Adamson University. The experiment included measuring the resistance, voltage, and current in series, parallel, and series-parallel circuits. In series circuits, voltage drops add up while current remains the same. In parallel circuits, voltage remains the same while currents add up. The series-parallel circuit demonstrated characteristics of both by having the same current in the series part and constant voltage in the parallel part. Measurements were analyzed and found to match theoretical calculations based on Ohm's Law.

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Renee Pascual Salipot
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67 views

Series Parallel Configurations

This document summarizes an experiment on Ohm's Law conducted by 8 students from the Electronics and Communications Engineering Department at Adamson University. The experiment included measuring the resistance, voltage, and current in series, parallel, and series-parallel circuits. In series circuits, voltage drops add up while current remains the same. In parallel circuits, voltage remains the same while currents add up. The series-parallel circuit demonstrated characteristics of both by having the same current in the series part and constant voltage in the parallel part. Measurements were analyzed and found to match theoretical calculations based on Ohm's Law.

Uploaded by

Renee Pascual Salipot
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

ADAMSON UNIVERSITY- ELECTRONICS AND

COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT


EXPERIMENT #2
TITLE: OHMS LAW
DATE OF PERFORMANCE: JANUARY 13, 2016
GROUP MEMBERS:

1. ALVAREZ, JANVIE L.
2. BANTAYAN, ALERA CAY R.
3. BAUTISTA, JED NEALLY V.
4. BENCITO, VANNE AUBREY G.
5. JAVISON, CHRISTIAN O.
6. MERCADO, DANIEL CHRYSOSTOM B.
7. SALIPOT, RENEE ADRIANNE P.
8. SORIANO, MARK ANTHONY Z.

I. INTRODUCTION
II. DISCUSSION
III. DATA/RESULTS
IV. ANALYSIS OF DATA/RESULTS
V. CONCLUSION
VI. REFERENCES
TOTAL

SIGNED BY: ROSALIE G. DE OCAMPO,


PECE
I. INTRODUCTION

Have you ever wondered why there are switches that can turn on multiple
lights at once, while some can only light up one bulb at a time? This distinction is an
example of the difference between the functions of series and parallel circuits. In
series ciruit, the basic idea of a series connection is that components are
connected end-to-end in a line to form a single path for electrons to flow. In parallel
circuit, the basic idea of a parallel connection, on the other hand, is that all
components are connected across each others leads. In a purely parallel circuit,
there are never more than two sets of electrically common points, no matter how
many components are connected.
With simple series circuits, all components are connected end-to-end to form
only one path for electrons to flow through the circuit,With simple parallel circuits,
all components are connected between the same two sets of electrically common
points, creating multiple paths for electrons to flow from one end of the battery to
the other.
With each of these two basic circuit configurations, we have specific sets of rules
describing voltage, current, and resistance relationships.
Series Circuits:
Voltage drops add to equal total voltage.
All components share the same (equal) current.
Resistances add to equal total resistance.
Parallel Circuits:
All components share the same (equal) voltage.
Branch currents add to equal total current.
Resistances diminish to equal total resistance.
However, if circuit components are series-connected in some parts and
parallel in others, we wont be able to apply a single set of rules to every part of
that circuit. Instead, we will have to identify which parts of that circuit are series and
which parts are parallel, then selectively apply series and parallel rules as
necessary to determine what is happening. If the circuit is a combination of both
series and parallel, we cannot apply the rules for voltage, current, and resistance
across the table to begin analysis like we could when the circuits were one way or
the other. If the circuit were simple series, we could just add up R1 through Rn to
arrive at a total resistance, solve for total current, and then solve for all voltage
drops. Likewise, if the above circuit were simple parallel, we could just solve for
branch currents, add up branch currents to figure the total current, and then
calculate total resistance from total voltage and total current. However, this circuits
solution will be more complex.

If we are able to identify which parts of the circuit are series and which parts

are parallel, we can analyze it in stages, approaching each part one at a time, using
the appropriate rules to determine the relationships of voltage, current, and
resistance.

II. DISCUSSION
With simple series circuits, all components are connected end-to-end to form
only one path for electrons to flow through the circuit. While With simple series
circuit. With simple parallel circuits, all components are connected between the
same two sets of electrically common points, creating multiple paths for electrons
to flow from one end of the battery to the other.
With each of these two basic circuit configurations, we have specific sets of
rules describing voltage, current, and resistance relationships.
Series Circuits:
Voltage drops add to equal total voltage. All components share the same (equal)
current. Resistances add to equal total resistance
Parallel Circuits:
All components share the same (equal) voltage. Branch currents add to equal
total current. Resistances diminish to equal total resistance
However, if circuit components are series-connected in some parts and
parallel in others, we wont be able to apply a single set of rules to every part of
that circuit. Instead, we will have to identify which parts of that circuit are series
and which parts are parallel, then selectively apply series and parallel rules as
necessary to determine what is happening. If we are able to identify which parts of
the circuit are series and which parts are parallel, we can analyze it in stages,
approaching each part one at a time, using the appropriate rules to determine the
relationships of voltage, current, and resistance.
Most common application of series circuit in consumer electronics is the 9
volt block battery, the fire alarm battery, which is internally built of six cells, 1.5
volts each.
Series circuits were formerly used for lighting in electric multiple unit trains.
For example, if the supply voltage was 600 volts there might be eight 70-volt bulbs
in series (total 560 volts) plus a resistor to drop the remaining 40 volts. Series
circuits for train lighting were superseded, first by motor-generators, then by solid
state devices.

Parallel resistance is illustrated by the circulatory system. Each organ is


supplied by an artery that branches off the aorta. The total resistance of this
parallel arrangement is expressed by the following equation: 1/Rtotal = 1/Ra +
1/Rb + ... 1/Rn. Ra, Rb, and Rn are the resistances of the renal, hepatic, and other
arteries respectively. The total resistance is less than the resistance of any of the
individual arteries.

III. DATA AND RESULTS


A. SERIES CIRCUITS

Resistor 1

Resistor 3

Total Resistance

Resistor 2

Current

Voltage of R1

Voltage of R2

Voltage of R3
UR1
5.47V

Measured Value
UR2
UR3
6.63V
3.398 V

Calculated Value (Ohms Law)


IR1
IR2
IR3
5.50 mA
5.49 mA
5.51 mA

B. PARALLEL CIRCUITS

Resistor 1

Resistor 2

Resistor 3
Standard Resistor
Color Code
R1
R2
R3
10 k

2.2 k

4.7 k

Total Resistance
Measured Value
R1
9.98
k

R2
2.188
k

R3
4.66
k

RT
1.295
k

Calculated
Value
RT
1.296 k

Voltage of R1 Voltage of
R2

Voltage of R3

Applied Voltage

UR1

UR2

UR3

15.49 V

15.50 V

15.49 V

Applied Voltage
U
15.49 V

I (mA)

Measured Value
IR1 (mA) IR2 (mA)

IR3 (mA)

IR1 (mA)

Calculated Value
IR2 (mA) IR3 (mA)

12 mA

1.56 mA

3.33 mA

1.55 mA

7.08 mA

7.11 mA

3.32 mA

I (mA)
11.95
mA

C. SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS

Resistor 1

Resistor 2

Resistor 3
Standard Resistor Color Code
R1
R2
R3
330
1.2 k
2.4 k

R1
326.9

Measured Value
R2
R3
1.205 k
2.389 k

Measured Value,
Rp
0.799 k

Calculated
Value, Rp
0.792 k

Measured Value,
Rs
1.126 k

Current of R1

Calculated
Value, Rs
1.126 k

Current of R2

Current of R3

U (V)

UR1

UR2

UR3

Calculated
Value
I (mA)

-15 V

-4.42 V

-10.82 V

-10.82 V

13.32 mA

Measured Value
I (mA)
13.59
mA

IV. ANALYSIS OF DATA AND RESULTS


Initially, what we did was to use the resistor color code to identify what are
the values of the resistors that are present in the circuit that is given. After which,
with the use of the multimeter, the value of the resistors are measured for
confirmation. One will notice that there is a certain discrepancy with the values,
measured and with the use of the resistor color code, due to some factors which
includes the resistor itself. There is no assurance that the resistors have the exact
value stored in it.
The experiment that we did was about the Series, Parallel, and Series/Parallel
Circuit. To get the necessary information for the datas to be gathered, certain
concepts that is in relation with a series and parallel circuit. In a series circuit, the
current is constant all throughout, while the voltage is additive. This just means that
a certain value of the voltage drop in one resistor differs from the other. In a parallel
circuit, the voltage is constant, and the current is additive. Due to the presence of
another branch, the current will be divided into a certain number with the presence
of the resistors that is in parallel with one another.
In the experiment having a Series/Parallel Circuit, we can notice how a
series/parallel circuit may function. Using the gathered datas, we can see a certain
relationship within the voltages and currents that were measured. For the current,
the resistor that is in series has the same value of current to the resistors that are in
parallel with one another, with a value of 13.59 mA. For the voltage, the voltage
drops in the resistors in parallel are held constant with a value of -10.82V. Once it is
added to the resistor in series, having a value of -4.42V, the result is the input
voltage that is present in the circuit.
V. CONCLUSION
With three consecutive experiments about series and parallel circuits and
with both combined configuration, the behavior of the voltages and current was
observed on how they work on each type of connection. It was demonstrated that
the voltage in series connection is additive therefore the voltage drop in each
resistor varies from each other as long the resistances are of different value while
the current is constant across them. The opposite works for parallel connection. The
voltages are held constant all throughout each resistor while the current is additive
as it will be divided to every node that contains resistance. For the combined
configuration of series and parallel connection, same concept works for how
principle of series and parallel connection function.

VI. REFERENCES

1. Series-Parallel Combination Circuits. (n.d.). Retrieved from:


http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/direct-current/chpt-7/what-is-a-seriesparallel-circuit/
2. Series and Parallel Circuits. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits

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