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    Lab Experiment 11 Whitness Index

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    Engr Mujahid Mehdi
    This document provides instructions for an experiment to determine the whiteness index of bleached fabrics using a spectrophotometer. The objectives are to learn about whiteness index and how it is measured, and the working of a spectrophotometer. Whiteness index is a quantitative measure of how much natural pigment or color has been removed from a fabric during bleaching. A higher whiteness index corresponds to more impurities removed and a whiter appearance. The spectrophotometer calculates whiteness index by measuring the reflectance of light across the visible spectrum. Normal bleached fabrics have a whiteness index ranging from 60-75, while fluorescent brightening agents can increase it up to 120-125. Students will conduct the experiment

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    Lab Experiment 11 Whitness Index

    Uploaded by

    Engr Mujahid Mehdi
    126 views3 pages
    This document provides instructions for an experiment to determine the whiteness index of bleached fabrics using a spectrophotometer. The objectives are to learn about whiteness index and how it is measured, and the working of a spectrophotometer. Whiteness index is a quantitative measure of how much natural pigment or color has been removed from a fabric during bleaching. A higher whiteness index corresponds to more impurities removed and a whiter appearance. The spectrophotometer calculates whiteness index by measuring the reflectance of light across the visible spectrum. Normal bleached fabrics have a whiteness index ranging from 60-75, while fluorescent brightening agents can increase it up to 120-125. Students will conduct the experiment

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    Textile Pretreatment Lab

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    This document provides instructions for an experiment to determine the whiteness index of bleached fabrics using a spectrophotometer. The objectives are to learn about whiteness index and how it is measured, and the working of a spectrophotometer. Whiteness index is a quantitative measure of how much natural pigment or color has been removed from a fabric during bleaching. A higher whiteness index corresponds to more impurities removed and a whiter appearance. The spectrophotometer calculates whiteness index by measuring the reflectance of light across the visible spectrum. Normal bleached fabrics have a whiteness index ranging from 60-75, while fluorescent brightening agents can increase it up to 120-125. Students will conduct the experiment

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    126 views3 pages

    Lab Experiment 11 Whitness Index

    Uploaded by

    Engr Mujahid Mehdi
    This document provides instructions for an experiment to determine the whiteness index of bleached fabrics using a spectrophotometer. The objectives are to learn about whiteness index and how it is measured, and the working of a spectrophotometer. Whiteness index is a quantitative measure of how much natural pigment or color has been removed from a fabric during bleaching. A higher whiteness index corresponds to more impurities removed and a whiter appearance. The spectrophotometer calculates whiteness index by measuring the reflectance of light across the visible spectrum. Normal bleached fabrics have a whiteness index ranging from 60-75, while fluorescent brightening agents can increase it up to 120-125. Students will conduct the experiment

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    Lab Experiment 11

    INDEX

    WHITNESS

    Name:
    Score:

    Student idi:
    Signature of Lab Tutor:

    Date:

    TO DETERMINE WHITNESS INDEX OF BLEACHING FBRIC


    PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES
    Upon the successful completion of this experiment, the students will be able to:
    (i)
    (ii)

    Whiteness index and its measurement


    Working of spectrophotometer

    MACHINES/MATERIAL REQUIRED
    Spectrophotometer
    Bleached Samples
    DISCUSSION
    Whiteness index is a measure of the whiteness of the fabric which determines
    extent of bleaching performed on the fabric. More often, it can be said that, it is
    quantitative analysis of the amount of natural pigments removed from the cotton or
    extent of natural color removed from fabric.
    More the impurities are removed, higher will be the degree of whiteness and higher
    will be value of whiteness index.
    This degree of whiteness is measured with the help of color measuring
    spectrophotometer. The principle of operation of this equipment is simply
    calculation of ratio of the reflected light to incident light from a sample at many
    points across the visible spectrum. This ratio is called reflectance. Reflectance
    percentage can be calculated by the formula given below:
    Reflectance= reflected light/ incident light x 100
    Whiteness index of the normal bleached fabric ranges from 60to 75 or up maximum
    of 80 degrees. A pure white paper may have a degree of whiteness of about 150.
    Higher values of whiteness can be achieved with application of Fluorescent
    Brightening Agent; generally called FBAs.
    The simple principle by which these whitening agent increase whiteness is that,
    they absorb UV light and they emit in the visible (blue region); this phenomenon is
    generally called Fluorescence.
    With the application of FBAs, degree of whiteness of the fabric may be increased up
    to 120 to 125.

    PROCEDURE
    1.
    2.
    3.
    4.

    Turn on the spectrophotometer and set it to specific software.


    Calibrate the spectrophotometer with the tiles provided.
    Select whiteness index to be calculated.
    Clear the fluff, threads and creases (if any) from the sample and fit it properly
    on the sample holder.
    Determine the selected whiteness index using spectrophotometer.

    5.

    TEST RESULTS
    Sample No.

    CIE Whiteness
    Index

    Burger Whiteness Index

    FBA applied
    sample

    Pure white
    paper

    REVIEW QUESTIONS
    1. What is whiteness and how it is measured?

    2. Discuss effect of FBAs on the whiteness of substrate?

    3. Define whiteness index?

    FINAL CHECK LIST


    1. Clean your machinery equipment/materials and workbench before you leave.
    2. Ensure the replacement of all equipments to their specified storage area.
    3. Submit your answers to questions together with your data, calculation and
    result before the next laboratory/ equipment.

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