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    Lab Experiment 08 BLEACHING

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    Engr Mujahid Mehdi
    This document describes a lab experiment on bleaching 100% cotton fabric using a continuous method. The objectives are to understand the bleaching process, role of auxiliaries, and continuous bleaching. Hydrogen peroxide, caustic soda, stabilizer, wetting agent, and sequestering agent are used. Natural cotton pigments like chlorophylls and xanthophylls are removed through bleaching to increase whiteness. The procedure involves padding the fabric with bleaching chemicals, steaming it, and rinsing it. Questions address the role of MgCl2 in H2O2 bleaching, advantages of continuous over exhaust bleaching, and foaming causes and prevention.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Lab Experiment 08 BLEACHING

    Uploaded by

    Engr Mujahid Mehdi
    1K views5 pages
    This document describes a lab experiment on bleaching 100% cotton fabric using a continuous method. The objectives are to understand the bleaching process, role of auxiliaries, and continuous bleaching. Hydrogen peroxide, caustic soda, stabilizer, wetting agent, and sequestering agent are used. Natural cotton pigments like chlorophylls and xanthophylls are removed through bleaching to increase whiteness. The procedure involves padding the fabric with bleaching chemicals, steaming it, and rinsing it. Questions address the role of MgCl2 in H2O2 bleaching, advantages of continuous over exhaust bleaching, and foaming causes and prevention.

    Original Description:

    Textile Pretreatment Lab

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    This document describes a lab experiment on bleaching 100% cotton fabric using a continuous method. The objectives are to understand the bleaching process, role of auxiliaries, and continuous bleaching. Hydrogen peroxide, caustic soda, stabilizer, wetting agent, and sequestering agent are used. Natural cotton pigments like chlorophylls and xanthophylls are removed through bleaching to increase whiteness. The procedure involves padding the fabric with bleaching chemicals, steaming it, and rinsing it. Questions address the role of MgCl2 in H2O2 bleaching, advantages of continuous over exhaust bleaching, and foaming causes and prevention.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    1K views5 pages

    Lab Experiment 08 BLEACHING

    Uploaded by

    Engr Mujahid Mehdi
    This document describes a lab experiment on bleaching 100% cotton fabric using a continuous method. The objectives are to understand the bleaching process, role of auxiliaries, and continuous bleaching. Hydrogen peroxide, caustic soda, stabilizer, wetting agent, and sequestering agent are used. Natural cotton pigments like chlorophylls and xanthophylls are removed through bleaching to increase whiteness. The procedure involves padding the fabric with bleaching chemicals, steaming it, and rinsing it. Questions address the role of MgCl2 in H2O2 bleaching, advantages of continuous over exhaust bleaching, and foaming causes and prevention.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Lab Experiment 08

    BLEACHING
    Name:

    Student Idi:

    Score:

    Signature of Lab tutor:

    Dare:

    BLEACHING OF 100%COTTON FABRIC BY CONTINUOUS METHOD


    PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES
    Upon the successful completion of this experiment students will be able to:
    (i)
    (ii)
    (iii)

    Understand the bleaching process


    Understand role of auxiliaries used in this process
    Understand the continuous bleaching process

    MACHINES/MATERIAL REQUIRED
    Scoured fabric
    Pad-steam machine
    CHEMICAL REQUIRED

    Hydrogen per Oxide


    Caustic Soda
    Stabilizer
    Wetting Agent
    Sequestering Agent

    DISCUSSION
    During the scouring of cotton impurities like fats, wax, proteins, pectins and ash is
    removed. However, scouring does not remove natural color of cotton. It also does
    not completely remove seed and husk. To remove natural color of the cotton and
    seed fragment bleaching process follows the scouring. Sometimes both scouring
    and bleaching are simultaneously carried out; the process is called solamatic
    bleaching.
    Cotton contain natural pigments called chlorophylls and xanthophylls, which
    cause its color to be yellowish. In the process of bleaching these pigments are
    removed from the cotton fiber. Along with these pigments seed fragments are
    also removed. Thus bleaching accomplishes purification of the fiber.
    1.

    Hydrogen per Oxide (H202):

    2.

    Hydrogen per Oxide is comparatively expensive bleaching agent. But ,


    beacause of ease of application, least threat for the substrate and
    environment friendly nature, it is widely used for the removal of natural
    pigments.
    Sodium hypo-chlorite (NaOCl):
    If the pH is not controlled during NaOCl bleaching, it will degrade
    cellulose; because of the formation of the hypo-chlorous acid at neutral
    pH (7) and liberation of chlorine gas at pH lower than 7. However, under
    controlled condition, it may be suitable option.

    3.

    Sodium chlorite (NaClO2):


    Sodium chlorite when used as bleaching agent produces chlorine dioxide
    (event at controlled process), which is extremely toxic. At the same time,
    it is extremely corrosive to the machinery because of this it is least
    preferred bleaching agent.

    Depending on the extent of bleaching, fabric may be said to be half bleached or


    full bleached. In the half bleached fabric, some of the natural pigments are
    removed and fabric yet contains chlorophyll and xanthophlls. However in case of
    full bleached fabric, almost all natural pigments are removed. The removal of the
    natural color of the cotton, its whiteness is increased. A normal bleached fabric
    may achieve whiteness index of about 60 to 75 or sometimes 80.
    Typical Recipe
    Chemical

    Liquor Ratio

    Hydrogen per Oxide (35%)

    Caustic soda (solid)

    Sandoclean PC-LF (paste)

    Quantity

    Stabilizer SIFA (liquid)

    MgCl2

    PROCEDURE
    1.
    2.
    3.
    4.
    5.

    Prepare the bath according to recipe.


    Pad the fabric at 80% pick up.
    Steam ( saturated) the fabric for 20-30 min: at 102C.
    Hot rinse at 80C-90C for 10 min:
    Warm rinse at 60C for 10 min: and finally cold rinse for 5 minutes.

    Calculations
    S.N
    O

    Material

    Fabric Weight

    Total Liquor

    Hydrogen per Oxide

    Caustic Soda

    Stabilizer

    MgCl2

    Sandoclean PC-LF
    (paste)

    Quantity

    TEST REULTS

    REVIEW QUESTIONS
    1. What is role of MgCl2 in H2O2 bleaching?

    2. What are the advantages of continuous bleaching over exhaust bleaching


    process?

    3. What are reasons of foaming and how it can be avoided?

    FINAL CHECK LEST


    1. Clean your machinery equipment/ material and workbench before you
    leave.
    2. Ensure the replacement of all equipments to their specified storage area.
    3. Submit your answer to questions together with your data, calculation and
    results before the next laboratory/ equipment.

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