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    PHY103 Lec 17

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    Shreya
    - The document summarizes lecture notes on electromagnetic induction and the Biot-Savart law from a physics course. - It introduces the Biot-Savart law for calculating the magnetic field from a steady line current, surface current, or volume current. Examples are worked out for a long straight wire and a current loop. - It also derives Ampere's law from the Biot-Savart law, showing that the curl of the magnetic field B equals the permeability of free space times the current density J. Ampere's law allows easier calculation of magnetic fields in symmetric cases.

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    PHY103 Lec 17

    Uploaded by

    Shreya
    20 views12 pages
    - The document summarizes lecture notes on electromagnetic induction and the Biot-Savart law from a physics course. - It introduces the Biot-Savart law for calculating the magnetic field from a steady line current, surface current, or volume current. Examples are worked out for a long straight wire and a current loop. - It also derives Ampere's law from the Biot-Savart law, showing that the curl of the magnetic field B equals the permeability of free space times the current density J. Ampere's law allows easier calculation of magnetic fields in symmetric cases.

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    - The document summarizes lecture notes on electromagnetic induction and the Biot-Savart law from a physics course. - It introduces the Biot-Savart law for calculating the magnetic field from a steady line current, surface current, or volume current. Examples are worked out for a long straight wire and a current loop. - It also derives Ampere's law from the Biot-Savart law, showing that the curl of the magnetic field B equals the permeability of free space times the current density J. Ampere's law allows easier calculation of magnetic fields in symmetric cases.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    20 views12 pages

    PHY103 Lec 17

    Uploaded by

    Shreya
    - The document summarizes lecture notes on electromagnetic induction and the Biot-Savart law from a physics course. - It introduces the Biot-Savart law for calculating the magnetic field from a steady line current, surface current, or volume current. Examples are worked out for a long straight wire and a current loop. - It also derives Ampere's law from the Biot-Savart law, showing that the curl of the magnetic field B equals the permeability of free space times the current density J. Ampere's law allows easier calculation of magnetic fields in symmetric cases.

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    You are on page 1of 12

    Semester II, 2015-16

    Department of Physics, IIT Kanpur

    PHY103A: Lecture # 17
    (Text Book: Intro to Electrodynamics by Griffiths, 3rd Ed.)

    Anand Kumar Jha

    Notes
    Homework # 6 has been posted on the course webpage
    This will be the last homework before mid-sem

    Summary of Lecture # 16:


    Magnetic Force:

    mag = Q( )

    Lorentz Force Law

    The work done by a magnetic force is zero !


    Current


    =
    =

    mag =
    =

    Surface
    Current
    Density

    mag = Q

    Volume
    Current
    Density

    =
    =

    mag = Q

    The Continuity Equation

    The Biot-Savart Law


    The magnetic field produced by a steady line current
    0
    r
    =
    2
    r
    4

    0 is the permeability of free space


    0 = 4 107 N/A2

    The unit of magnetic field is Newton per Ampere-meter, or Tesla


    1 Tesla is a very strong magnetic field. Earths magnetic field is
    about 104 times smaller

    Biot-Savart law for magnetic field is analogous to Coulombs law for


    electric field

    The Biot-Savart Law


    The magnetic field produced by a surface current
    0 ( ) r
    =

    2
    r
    4

    The magnetic field produced by a volume current


    0 ( ) r
    =

    2
    r
    4

    The Biot-Savart Law


    Ex. 5.5 (Griffiths, 3rd Ed. ): Calculate the
    magnetic field due to a long straight wire
    carrying a steady current .
    0
    r
    =
    2
    r
    4

    r = cos

    = tan

    = r cos

    0
    =

    4
    1

    cos 2
    2

    cos 2

    1 cos 2
    =
    r2
    2

    cos
    cos 2

    0
    =
    cos
    4
    1

    0
    =
    sin2 + sin1
    4

    The Biot-Savart Law


    Ex. 5.5 (Griffiths, 3rd Ed. ): Calculate the
    magnetic field due to a long straight wire
    carrying a steady current .
    =

    0
    r
    2
    r
    4

    0
    =
    sin2 + sin1
    4
    Field due to an infinite wire ?

    1 =
    2

    2 =

    0
    =
    sin2 + sin1
    4

    0
    =
    1 + 1
    4
    0
    =

    The Biot-Savart Law


    Ex. 5.6 (Griffiths, 3rd Ed. ): Find the field
    above the center of a loop (radius , current ).
    0
    r
    =
    2
    r
    4

    The line element produces the field at . The


    horizontal components of this field cancels out.

    The vertical component of this field is


    0
    =
    cos
    4 r2

    The total field, which is in the direction, is

    0
    0 cos
    0 cos
    =
    2 =
    = 4 r3 2
    2
    4
    r
    4 r
    2
    0
    =
    2 2 + 2
    What is the field at the center?

    0
    0 2
    =
    0 =
    3
    2
    2

    3/2
    8

    The Curl of

    What is the curl of ?

    Should be non-zero !

    Check for the case of straight wire with current


    0
    B =
    2
    For circular path of radius

    0
    0
    0
    =
    2 = 0
    =

    2
    2
    2
    The line integral is independent of

    For an arbitrary path enclosing the current carrying wire

    The field is best represented in the cylindrical coordinate


    0

    +
    = +

    2
    0

    0
    ( +
    + ) =

    = 0
    So, =
    2
    2 0

    The Curl of

    What is the curl of ?

    Should be non-zero !

    Check for the case of straight wire with current


    = 0

    If the path encloses more than one current carrying wire


    = 0 1 + 0 2 + 0 3 = 0 enc

    But

    enc =

    = 0

    ( ) = 0

    = 0

    Is this valid only for straight wires?


    It is valid in general

    No
    10

    The Amperes Law


    = 0
    = 0 enc

    Amperes law in differential form


    Amperes law in integral form

    Amperes law is analogous to Gausss law


    Amperes law makes the calculation of magnetic
    field very easy if there is symmetry.
    If there is no symmetry, one has to use Biot-Savart
    law to calculate the magnetic field.

    11

    The Amperes Law


    Ex. 5.5 (Griffiths, 3rd Ed. ): Calculate the
    magnetic field due to an infinitely long
    straight wire carrying a steady current .

    Using Biot-Savart Law

    =
    2

    We want to do this problem using Amperes law


    Make an Amperian loop of radius enclosing the current
    Since it is an infinite wire, the magnetic field must
    be circularly symmetric. Therefore,

    0
    =
    2

    = 2

    = 0 enc

    So Easy !!

    = 0
    12

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