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    3.important Reservoirs

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    Andres Felipe Benavides
    The document discusses important reservoir factors such as gross thickness, net-to-gross ratio, porosity, permeability, and reservoir geometry. It explains that these factors are controlled by the depositional environment, rate of sediment input, relative sea level changes, and post-depositional structuration. The depositional environments discussed include clastic depositional systems ranging from terrestrial to deep marine settings. Sequence stratigraphy concepts of systems tracts and facies distribution within a depositional sequence in response to changes in eustacy, subsidence, sediment supply, and climate are also summarized.

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    3.important Reservoirs

    Uploaded by

    Andres Felipe Benavides
    52 views14 pages
    The document discusses important reservoir factors such as gross thickness, net-to-gross ratio, porosity, permeability, and reservoir geometry. It explains that these factors are controlled by the depositional environment, rate of sediment input, relative sea level changes, and post-depositional structuration. The depositional environments discussed include clastic depositional systems ranging from terrestrial to deep marine settings. Sequence stratigraphy concepts of systems tracts and facies distribution within a depositional sequence in response to changes in eustacy, subsidence, sediment supply, and climate are also summarized.

    Original Description:

    IMPORTANCIA DEL RESERVORIO

    Original Title

    3.Important Reservoirs

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    The document discusses important reservoir factors such as gross thickness, net-to-gross ratio, porosity, permeability, and reservoir geometry. It explains that these factors are controlled by the depositional environment, rate of sediment input, relative sea level changes, and post-depositional structuration. The depositional environments discussed include clastic depositional systems ranging from terrestrial to deep marine settings. Sequence stratigraphy concepts of systems tracts and facies distribution within a depositional sequence in response to changes in eustacy, subsidence, sediment supply, and climate are also summarized.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    52 views14 pages

    3.important Reservoirs

    Uploaded by

    Andres Felipe Benavides
    The document discusses important reservoir factors such as gross thickness, net-to-gross ratio, porosity, permeability, and reservoir geometry. It explains that these factors are controlled by the depositional environment, rate of sediment input, relative sea level changes, and post-depositional structuration. The depositional environments discussed include clastic depositional systems ranging from terrestrial to deep marine settings. Sequence stratigraphy concepts of systems tracts and facies distribution within a depositional sequence in response to changes in eustacy, subsidence, sediment supply, and climate are also summarized.

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    of 14

    Important Reservoir Factors

    o Gross thickness
    The total thickness of the reservoir interval

    What we like best:


    Very thick

    o Net-to-Gross ratio
    The fraction of the gross reservoir thickness
    representing porous reservoir rocks

    o Porosity
    As fraction of the total net reservoir

    o Permeability
    Impacting the production rates that can be
    achieved

    o Geometry of reservoir bodies:


    Affecting connectivity, and influences the
    production rate & recovery factor
    3. Reservoirs

    High net/gross
    massive sandstones
    High porosity
    much room for HCs
    High permeability
    high production
    rates
    High continuity, and
    no baffles
    3

    Reservoir Factors are controlled by:


    o Depositional environment
    From terrestrial to deep marine

    o Rate of sediment input


    High sediment input
    Lack of sediment input

    Progradation
    Carbonate deposition

    o Relative sea level


    Rise
    High
    Fall
    Stable

    Regression and accumulation in accommodation space


    Progradation into the basin
    Non-deposition or erosion and by-pass to deep water
    Lateral fill of accommodation space

    N.B Steep slopes narrow shelves with fans & sediment by-pass

    o Post-depositional structuration
    Faulting
    Uplift
    3. Reservoirs

    Differing subsidence rates (accommodation space)


    Erosion and unconformities
    4

    Depositional Environments

    3. Reservoirs

    Clastic Depositional Systems

    Clastic Depositional Systems

    Clastic Depositional Systems

    Sequence Stratigraphy for Dummies


    Sequence stratigraphy is the study of stratigraphic sequences in a
    time framework linked to variations of (relative) sea level.
    All cycles in sedimentation result from changes in accommodation
    space in a depositional setting.
    Relative sea-level can be subdivided in 4 phases:
    Rising High Falling Low
    In the sedimentary record we can recognise 3 Systems Tracts:
    Transgressive Systems Tract fast rising sea-level
    Highstand Systems Tract slow rising (late) and high sea-level
    Low Stand Systems Tract falling and low sea-level
    Each phase may contain all facies from shallow to deep, but they are:
    spatially different, and
    have different onlap geometries

    3. Reservoirs

    A very good website with information and illustrations


    about sequence stratigraphy can be found at:
    http://www.sepmstrata.org/seqstrat.html

    Eustatic Sea-Level Cycles


    1st Order Cycles
    > 50-100 MY cycles
    Resulting from large scale volume changes of
    ocean basins related to break-up and formation
    of supercontinents

    2nd Order Cycles


    3-50 (10-100) MY
    Probably caused by changes in oceanic spreading rates

    3rd Order Cycles


    0.5-3 (1-10) MY
    Foundation of Seismic Stratigraphy depositional sequences
    Possibly caused by glacio-eustatic cycles and/or variations in intra-plate stresses

    4th and higher Order Cycles


    <0.5 MY
    Local autocyclic causes, such as delta switching
    Milankovitch cycles (Precession: 19-26ky, Obliquity: 41ky, Eccentricity: 95, 125,
    400ky)
    JdJ

    10

    Sealevel
    Phanerozoic
    coastal onlap
    curve
    The light blue line is
    the 1st order sea-level
    curve
    The coastal onlap
    curve has 2nd order
    cyclicity
    Note the flat tops of the
    coastal onlap curve
    3. Reservoirs

    Vail onlap
    curve

    First-order
    sea-level
    cycle

    11

    Facies change within a depositional sequence


    Four main parameters influence distribution of facies
    belts:
    1. Eustacy
    2. Subsidence
    3. Sediment supply
    4. Climate

    Climate

    Sediment supply
    Eustacy

    Subsidence

    After Bally et al.

    JdJ
    12

    Eustacy, Relative Sea-level, Coastal Onlap


    Summation of input functions

    Input functions

    Rising

    Rising
    C

    time

    B/C

    hiatus

    hiatus

    Falling

    Falling
    A

    D/E

    hiatus

    Relative changes
    of sea-level

    Relative changes
    of sea-level

    eustacy

    time

    Coastal onlap curve

    F/G

    Stratigraphic
    Recorded time

    A symmetric sea-level curve results in a a-symmetric coastal onlap curve

    3. Reservoirs

    13

    Changes in sediment supply rate

    JdJ
    14

    Coastal Onlap & Transgression / Regression


    Rising sea-level

    Falling sea-level

    Time of sea-level fall


    Stillstand

    ss
    egre

    ion

    Slow sea-level rise

    Low sediment input


    High sediment input

    Tran
    s
    Fast sea-level rise

    B.W. Ross
    3.After
    Reservoirs

    gres
    s

    ion

    15

    Prograding depositional sequence

    Coarsening upward progradational (regressive) sequence of


    fan-delta complex:
    Marly shales at the base (slope deposits)
    Coarsening/shallowing upward sands (coastal-fluvial/alluvial)
    Arrow indicates shaling-out sand unit in distal direction: clear
    example of facies change within a single depositional sequence
    3. Reservoirs

    16

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