SMART DISPLAY FOR DISPLAYING FACULTY

AVAILABILITY IN CABIN

A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirement for the award of the
Degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
By
V.SAMPATH REDDY
12BEC1040
DHEERAJ MANCHUKONDA
12BEC1172
PATEL DINESH REDDY
12BEC1009
Under the Guidance of
DR.S.REVATHI

SCHOOL OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

VIT UNIVERSITY
CHENNAI (TN) 600127
APRIL 2016

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project work titled smart display for displaying faculty availability
in cabin that is being submitted by sampath reddy and dheeraj manchukonda and
patel dinesh reddy is in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of
Technology, is a record of bonafide work done under my guidance. The contents of this
Project work, in full or in parts, have neither been taken from any other source nor have been
submitted to any other Institute or University for award of any degree or diploma and the
same is certified.

Internal Guide
The thesis is satisfactory / unsatisfactory

Internal Examiner

External Examiner

Approved by

Program Chair

i | Page

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to express our deepest appreciation to all those who provided us the possibility
to complete this project.

We give our special gratitude to our project guide,

Dr.s.revathi(SENSE Department VIT University, Chennai Campus) who left no stone

unturned to assist us in our project. She always kept up with her patience level and showed
her keen interest in solving our problems. We consider ourselves fortunate to have worked
under her supervision. Her contributions in stimulating suggestions and encouragement
helped us to coordinate our project.
We are highly grateful to Dr Manoj Kumar, The Program Chair, SENSE Department, VIT
University Chennai Campus, for providing necessary facilities during the course of the work.
Furthermore, we would also like to acknowledge with much appreciation the crucial role of
the staffs and lab assistants, who gave the permission to use all required equipment and the
necessary materials to complete the task. We also appreciate the guidance given by other
supervisors as well as the panel members, especially in our project presentation for their
comments and advices which helped a lot in improving the project and also our presentation
skills.

Reg.No.12BEC1040

Reg.No.12BEC1072

Reg.No.12BEC1040

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
LIST OF FIGURES
1

Introduction
1.1 Objective
1.2

2
3

Project Description and Goals

Technical Specification
3.1

Software module

3.2

python

3.3

Hyper text markup language

3.4 Hardware modules

Design Approach and Details
4.1 Hardware Design
4.2

5
6
7
8

Literature survey

Hardware Implementation

4.3 Software Implementation

4.4 Codes and Standards
4.5 Constraints, Alternatives and Tradeoffs
Schedule, Tasks and Milestones
Project Demonstration
Cost Analysis
Summary
References
Appendix

ABSTRACT
Students in college face one of the major problem is waiting near the cabins for long time for
faculty and wasting their time for hours. Another problem is faculty may sometimes come
late to class at that time there is a problem with communication to students.

iii | P a g e

The project aims to design a smart system to facilitate the students knowing the faculty
availability in their respective cabins through web application and faculty can also send
message to students so that there will be a easy communication between students and
faculty .There is also display outside the cabin it display whether the faculty in or out.

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
LCD

Liquid Crystal Display

USB

Universal Serial Bus

HDMI

High definition multimedia interface

iv | P a g e

LAN

Local area network

MAN

Metropolitan area network

WAN

Wide area network

PSK

Phase shift keying

RAM

Random access memory

CPU

Central processing unit

ARM

Advanced risc machines

GPIO

General Purpose input output

CSI

Camera interface

DSI

Display interface

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No.

Figure name

Page no.

v | Page

vi | P a g e

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Students and faculty interaction is very important .With this smart system design the
interaction between students and faculty will be easy. Faculty can message anything like
assignment submission dates, projects etc and students can see faculty messages from
anywhere in web page .
There will be a LCD display outside the cabin it display whether the faculty is there in cabin
or not.

1.1 OBJECTIVE
The project objective is to display whether the faculty is there in cabin or not and the status in
or not should be displayed in web page. The status in or out and the respective smart system
user name should also be displayed in LCD .

1.2 LITERATURE SURVEY

The following literature survey suggests different sources of theoretical study and the
subjects they deal with. A conclusion will be reached at the end of this literature survey with
which the project will be implemented.
1. Raspberry pi based smart home for deployment in smart grid, authored by
Davinder pal sharma,Avatar Baldeo,Cassiel phillip.
The Smart Grid is an evolution of the existing electricity grid. It comprises of a twoway communication where electricity and information is exchanged by the consumer
and utility to maximize efficiency. Home automation is an important milestone in
achieving smart grid and is ever exciting field that has exploded over the past few
years. Advancement in technologies have made homes more convenient, efficient and
even more secure. Introducing the Raspberry Pi to the world of home automation
provides numerous customizations to turn a regular home into a smart home.
Raspberry Pi provides a low cost platform for interconnecting electrical/electronic
devices and various sensors in a home via the internet network. The main objective of
present work is to design a smart home using various sensors which can be controlled
and monitored by the Raspberry Pi via the Internet of Things (IoT). This will help the
home owners to provide a simple, fast and reliable way to automate their
1

environment. This paper focuses on two aspects of smart home i.e. home security and
home automation. Home security system, capable of motion & disturbance detection
at entry points and creating an alarm system with email notification alerts having
picture, was implemented to allow real time monitoring for the house. The home
automation system was also implemented around the same Raspberry Pi, which
includes a smart doorbell, an automated lighting system and a temperature &
humidity controller that turns an air-condition unit or fan on/off automatically under
given conditions. Python codes were written for interfacing each sensor and a
prototype of smart home was developed. Smart home was fully tested and
performance was found satis

factory.

2. Rasp-pi based Remote controlled smart Advertising of Still and Moving

Images
authored by Umakant,Vijay,R.P Rane
The paper puts on the basis of idea which focuses on cost reduction and enhancing the
quality of service in the field of digital advertising technologies. This work is about a
remotely managed smart advertising system designed using Raspberry pi along with
python programming. The digital advertising display system designed is based on
various methods of using LCD screen, as well as other display devices. This system is
very efficient to provide advertising information, to those people who live in public
areas but; some areas that does not convenient to build- up the other types of advertise
hoarding boards for their information. The Raspberry Pi model and its web interface
using Wi-Fi dongle. This proposed system aims to substitute another system interface
with Raspberry Pi, which will not only drastically reduces the cost involved but also
will help achieving quality of services as the system will consume a smaller amount
of power and become the system smartness. In this digital advertising system using
Raspberry Pi B+ model. The multiple display screens are placed at such place having
maximum people crowded areas and those areas are mostly attractive in city. The
contents on the screen are made up of several images files which are continuously
running having different contents. The main goal of this project is broadcasting
information and remotely controls it. The broadcasting information such as, buses and
bus station, train and train station, shopping malls, city square, road highways,
subways, hospital, in conference hall. It is also used in educational institutes like
colleges and schools for the purpose of displaying notices for students and also
2

displaying all institutional growth and achievements information for visitors.

Similarly this application for industry purpose of displaying notices, information
about current technologies and market scenario; which is useful for all companys
employee
3.Smart Surveillance Monitoring System Using Raspberry pi and PIR sensor,
authored by Sanjana Prasad,P.Mahalakshmi,R.Swathi
This paper deals with the design and implementation of Smart surveillance monitoring
system using Raspberry pi and PIR sensor for mobile devices. It increases the usage of
mobile technology to provide essential security to our homes and for other control
applications . The proposed home security system captures information and transmits it
via a 3G Dongle to a Smart phone using web application. Raspberry pi operates and
controls motion detectors and video cameras for remote sensing and surveillance,
streams live video and records it for future playback. It can also find the number of
persons located with the help of the Infrared sensor.. For example , when motion is
detected, The cameras automatically initiate recording and the Raspberry pi device
alerts the owner of the possible intrusion having a smart phone. Raspberry- Pi has two
main components interacting with each other: one is the Web Application that executes
on the mobile device's browser and server-side scripts that run in a cloud which will be
operated by the Raspberry Pi Hardware tool component
4.Appliances Control Using Ethernet and Raspberry pi, authored by Tarun
kumar patel,Utkarsh Wadekar,S.S.Datkhore
The aim of this work is to develop an embedded referring the presented paper on
Bluetooth Communication using touch screen interface with Raspberry Pi and
Ethernet based Automation using FPGA. Considering their results we have designed
a system which employs server/client architecture; switching commands for the
appliances which are connected to the client can be received and displayed at either end.
We access the device using the web page and the switches provide on the web page help
us control the information The data containing information about the control commands
are transferred between the end points of communication using Transmission Control
Protocol (TCP). This type of control system gives the liberty for control of appliances
from remote locations connected through Ethernet. A novel embedded system has been
designed, implemented on Raspberry Pi and a small-scale prototype is developed and
tested.

5.Smart Home Using Wireless Sensor Network and Android Power Devices,
authored by Azfar Aizat Bin Mohd Isa
The purpose of the project is to develop a Smart Home system based empowered by
networking technology, single board computer Raspberry Pi and Android Powered
Devices. The proposed Smart Home system is restricted do image transmission for home
surveillance. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
and mobile communication 3G networks were deployed in the Smart Home system.
Image from CMOS camera is collected by the sensor node is send wirelessly using low
power WSN to access point (AP) that used Raspberry Pi as the processor. The AP will
transmit data using WLAN. Then, the data is accessed using smartphone operating in
Android environment. Python language programming integrated with CherryPy web
framework is used in the WLAN. This will enable smartphone access the AP trough web
browser application. Remote communication from user is carried out through cloud
storage server. The cloud storage (Dropbox) has been synchronizing with the data base
in Raspberry Pi. BASH Script has been used for synchronizing between Raspberry Pi
and Dropbox. Besides that Sakis3G Script is used for enable Raspberry Pi act as router.
The image transfer successfully done for home surveillance application. The project can
be further extended for include more application including power control and
monitoring, emergency alert and health monitoring.

CHAPTER 2
4

PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND GOALS

The project is smart display of faculty availability in cabin. In this project a switch is
connected to raspberry through GPIO pins and LCD is also connected to raspberry. The Lcd
display and switch are placed in cabin. The faculty presses the push pull switch when they are
going out or coming in to cabin and their status will be updated in web. To see whether
faculty is there in cabin or not, students can easily see that in web page. The display outside
of the cabin also display faculty in or out status whenever the button is pressed by the faculty,
so that when students comes to cabin by seeing the display they easy get to know whether the
faculty is in or out.
The project goal contains four parts

Programming for web page using html

Programming for LCD display

Hardware implementation on PCB board

Accessing web page to everyone using google app engine.

CHAPTER 3
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

The project contains both software and hardware modules which contains various technical
aspects. They are explained in the following sections.

3.1 SOFTWARE MODULE

The software contains programming language python for raspberry to see the status on
LCD and HTML programming is required to see the faculty status ,message on web.
3.2 PYTHON
Python was conceived in the late 1980s, and its implementation was started in December
1989[31] by Guido van Rossum at CWI in the Netherlands as a successor to the ABC
language (itself inspired by SETL) capable of exception handling and interfacing with
theAmoeba operating system. Van Rossum is Python's principal author, and his continuing
central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the
Python community, benevolent dictator for life (BDFL). Over six years ago, in December
1989, I was looking for a "hobby" programming project that would keep me occupied during
the week around Christmas. My office ... would be closed, but I had a home computer, and
not much else on my hands. I decided to write an interpreter for the new scripting language I
had been thinking about lately: a descendant of ABC that would appeal to Unix/C hackers. I
chose Python as a working title for the project, being in a slightly irreverent mood (and a big
fan of Monty Python's Flying Circus). Python 2.0 was released on 16 October 2000 and had
many major new features, including a cycle-detecting garbage collector and support
for Unicode. With this release the development process was changed and became more
transparent and community-backed. Python 3.0 (which early in its development was
commonly referred to as Python 3000 or py3k), a major, backwards-incompatible release,
was released on 3 December 2008 after a long period of testing. Many of its major features
have been backported to the backwards-compatible Python 2.6.x and 2.7.x that is now the
earliest still supported version.

Python is a widely used high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming

language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability, and its syntax allows
programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than would be possible in languages
such as C++ or Java. The language provides constructs intended to enable clear programs on
both a small and large scale. Python supports multiple programming paradigms,
including object-oriented, imperative and functional programming or procedural styles. It
features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and has a large and
comprehensive standard library. Python interpreters are available for installation on many
operating systems, allowing Python code execution on a wide variety of systems. Using thirdparty tools, such as Py2exe or Pyinstaller, Python code can be packaged into stand-alone
executable programs for some of the most popular operating systems, allowing the
distribution of Python-based software for use on those environments without requiring the
installation of a Python interpreter. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is free
and open-source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of
its alternative implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software
Foundation.

3.3 HTML
HyperText Markup Language, commonly abbreviated as HTML, is the standard markup
language used to create web pages. Along with CSS, and JavaScript, HTML is a cornerstone
technology used to create web pages,[1] as well as to create user interfaces for mobile and web
applications. Web browsers can read HTML files and render them into visible or audible web
pages. HTML describes the structure of a website semantically and, before the advent of
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), included cues for the presentation or appearance of the
document (web page), making it a markup language, rather than a programming language.In
1980,

physicist Tim

Berners-Lee,

then

contractor

at

CERN,

proposed

and

prototyped ENQUIRE, a system for CERN researchers to use and share documents. In 1989,
Berners-Lee wrote a memo proposing an Internet-based hypertext system. Berners-Lee
specified HTML and wrote the browser and server software in late 1990. That year, BernersLee and CERN data systems engineerRobert Cailliau collaborated on a joint request for
funding, but the project was not formally adopted by CERN. In his personal notes from 1990
he listed some of the many areas in which hypertext is used" and put an encyclopedia first.

The first publicly available description of HTML was a document called "HTML Tags", first
mentioned on the Internet by Tim Berners-Lee in late 1991. It describes 18 elements
comprising the initial, relatively simple design of HTML. Except for the hyperlink tag, these
were strongly influenced by SGMLguid, an in-house Standard Generalized Markup
Language (SGML)-based documentation format at CERN. Eleven of these elements still exist
in

HTML

4.

HTML

is

a markup

language that web

browsers use

to

interpret

and compose text, images, and other material into visual or audible web pages. Default
characteristics for every item of HTML markup are defined in the browser, and these
characteristics can be altered or enhanced by the web page designer's additional use of CSS.
Many of the text elements are found in the 1988 ISO technical report TR 9537Techniques for
using SGML, which in turn covers the features of early text formatting languages such as that
used by the RUNOFF command developed in the early 1960s for the CTSS (Compatible
Time-Sharing System) operating system: these formatting commands were derived from the
commands used by typesetters to manually format documents. However, the SGML concept
of generalized markup is based on elements (nested annotated ranges with attributes) rather
than merely print effects, with also the separation of structure and markup; HTML has been
progressively moved in this direction with CSS. Berners-Lee considered HTML to be an
application of SGML. It was formally defined as such by the Internet Engineering Task
Force (IETF) with the mid-1993 publication of the first proposal for an HTML
specification:"Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)" Internet-Draft by Berners-Lee and Dan
Connolly, which included an SGML Document Type Definition to define the grammar. The
draft expired after six months, but was notable for its acknowledgment of the NCSA
Mosaic browser's custom tag for embedding in-line images, reflecting the IETF's philosophy
of basing standards on successful prototypes.[10] Similarly, Dave Raggett's competing
Internet-Draft, "HTML+ (Hypertext Markup Format)", from late 1993, suggested
standardizing already-implemented features like tables and fill-out forms.

3.4 HARDWARE MODULE:

3.4.1 RASPBERRY PI
The Raspberry Pi is a series of credit cardsized single-board computers developed in
the United Kingdom by the Raspberry Pi Foundation with the intent to promote the teaching
of basic computer science in schools and developing countries. The original Raspberry Pi and
Raspberry Pi 2 are manufactured in several board configurations through licensed

manufacturing agreements with Newark element14 (Premier Farnell), RS Components and

Egoman. The hardware is the same across all manufacturers. Several generations of
Raspberry Pi's have been released. The first generation (Pi 1) was released in February 2012
in basic model A and a higher specification model B. A+ and B+ models were released a year
later. Raspberry Pi 2 model B was released in February 2015 and Raspberry Pi 3 model B in
February 2016. These boards are priced between US$20 and US$35. A cut down compute
model was released in April 2014 and a Pi Zero with smaller footprint and limited IO (GPIO)
capabilities released in November 2015 for US$5. The Raspberry Pi hardware has evolved
through several versions that feature variations in memory capacity and peripheral-device
support.

This block diagram depicts models A, B, A+, and B+. Model A and A+ and Zero lack
the Ethernet and USB hub components. The Ethernet adapter is connected to an additional
USB port. In model A and A+ the USB port is connected directly to the SoC. On
model B+ and later models the USB/Ethernet chip contains a five-point USB hub, of which
four ports are available, while model B only provides two.
Processor
The system on a chip (SoC) used in the first generation Raspberry Pi is somewhat equivalent
to the chip used in older smartphones (such as iPhone, 3G, 3GS). The Raspberry Pi is based

on

the Broadcom BCM2835

SoC, which

includes

an

700 MHz ARM1176JZF-S

processor, Video Core IV graphics processing unit (GPU), and RAM. It has a Level
1 cache of 16 KB and a Level 2 cache of 128 KB. The Level 2 cache is used primarily by the
GPU. The SoC is stacked underneath the RAM chip, so only its edge is visible. The
Raspberry Pi 2 uses a Broadcom BCM2836 SoC with a 900 MHz 32-bit quad-core ARM
Cortex-A7 processor, with 256 KB shared L2 cache. The Raspberry Pi 3 uses a Broadcom
BCM2837 SoC with a 1.2 GHz 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 processor, with 512 KB
shared L2 cache.
RAM
On the older beta model B boards, 128 MB was allocated by default to the GPU, leaving
128 MB for the CPU.]On the first 256 MB release model B (and model A), three different
splits were possible. The default split was 192 MB (RAM for CPU), which should be
sufficient for standalone 1080p video decoding, or for simple 3D, but probably not for both
together. 224 MB was for Linux only, with only a 1080p frame buffer, and was likely to fail
for any video or 3D. 128 MB was for heavy 3D, possibly also with video decoding (e.g.
XBMC). Comparatively the Nokia 701 uses 128 MB for the Broadcom VideoCore IV. For the
new model B with 512 MB RAM initially there were new standard memory split files
released( arm256_start.elf, arm384_start.elf, arm496_start.elf) for 256 MB, 384 MB and
496 MB CPU RAM (and 256 MB, 128 MB and 16 MB video RAM). But a week or so later
the RPF released a new version of start.elf that could read a new entry in config.txt
(gpu_mem=xx) and could dynamically assign an amount of RAM (from 16 to 256 MB in
8 MB steps) to the GPU, so the older method of memory splits became obsolete, and a single
start.elf worked the same for 256 and 512 MB Raspberry Pis. The Raspberry Pi 2 and the
Raspberry Pi 3 have 1 GB of RAM. The Raspberry PI Zero has 512 MB of RAM.
NETWORKING
Though the model A and A+ and Zero do not have an 8P8C ("RJ45") Ethernet port, they can
be connected to a network using an external user-supplied USB Ethernet or Wi-Fiadapter. On
the model B and B+ the Ethernet port is provided by a built-in USB Ethernet adapter. The
Raspberry Pi 3 is equipped with 2.4 GHz WiFi 802.11n and Bluetooth 4.1 in addition to the
10/100 Ethernet port.
PERIPHERALS
The Raspberry Pi may be operated with any generic USB computer keyboard and mouse.

10

REAL-TIME CLOCK
The Raspberry Pi does not come with a real-time clock, which means it cannot keep track of
the time of day while it is not powered on.As alternatives, a program running on the Pi can
get the time from a network time server or user input at boot time.A real-time clock (such as
the DS1307, which is fully binary coded) with battery backup may be added (often via
the IC interface).
SPECIFICATIONS

4 USB ports
40 GPIO pins

Full HDMI port

Ethernet port

Combined 3.5mm audio jack and composite video

Camera interface (CSI)

Display interface (DSI)

Micro SD card slot

Video Core IV 3D graphics core

11

FIG 3.4.1 Raspberry pi

3.4.2 LCD DISPLAY(16x2)

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a wide range of
applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in various
devices and circuits. These modules are preferred over seven segments and other multi
segment LEDs. The reasons being: LCDs are economical; easily programmable; have no
limitation

of

displaying

special

&

even custom

characters (unlike

in

seven

segments), animations and so on. A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and
there are 2 such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD
has two registers, namely, Command and Data.The command register stores the command
instructions given to the LCD. A command is an instruction given to LCD to do a predefined
task like initializing it, clearing its screen, setting the cursor position, controlling display etc.
The data register stores the data to be displayed on the LCD. The data is the ASCII value of
the character to be displayed on the LCD. Click to learn more about internal structure of
a LCD.

12

PIN DIAGRAM

FIG 3.4.2 LCD Display

PIN DESCRIPTION
Pin No

Function

Ground (0V)

Supply voltage; 5V (4.7V

Name
ground
Vcc

5.3V)
3

Contrast adjustment; through

VEE

a variable resistor
4

Selects command register

Register Select

when low
5

Low to write to register

Read/write

Sends data to pins when a

Enable

high to low pulse is given

13

8 bit data pins

DB0

8 bit data pins

DB1

8 bit data pins

DB2

10

8 bit data pins

DB3

11

8 bit data pins

DB4

12

8 bit data pins

DB5

13

8 bit data pins

DB6

14

Black light (vcc)

Led+

15

Black light ground(0v)

Led-

3.4.3 PCB Printed circuit board is the most common name but may also be called printed
wiring boards or printed wiring cards. Before the advent of the PCB circuits were
constructed through a laborious process of point-to-point wiring. This led to frequent failures
at wire junctions and short circuits when wire insulation began to age and crack. A significant
advance was the development of wire wrapping, where a small gauge wire is literally
wrapped around a post at each connection point, creating a gas-tight connection which is
highly durable and easily changeable.As electronics moved from vacuum tubes and relays to
silicon and integrated circuits, the size and cost of electronic components began to decrease.
Electronics became more prevalent in consumer goods, and the pressure to reduce the size
and manufacturing costs of electronic products drove manufacturers to look for better
solutions. Thus was born the PCB. PCB is an acronym for printed circuit board. It is a board
that has lines and pads that connect various points together. In the picture above, there are
traces that electrically connect the various connectors and components to each other. A PCB

14

allows

signals

and

power

to

be

routed

FIG 3.4.3 PCB Board

15

between

physical

devices.

3.4.4 RESISTOR
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical
resistance as a circuit element. Resistors act to reduce current flow, and, at the same time, act
to lower voltage levels within circuits.

FIG 3.4.4 Resistor

16

17