g

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Midterm 1 - Solution

Instructors: Dr. A. Grine and Dr. A. Ben Ghorbal

Sections: 170, 171, 172, 173

Name (Printed)
Section

Student ID

Your Signature

Total Points
Exercise 1

Exercise 2

Exercise 3

Total

20

Score


 gQ@
 <@

k Q@
.
Instructions.
Your exam should contain 5 Pages total and 3 Exercises . Please check your test for
completeness.
Read instructions for each problem Carefully.
NO book, NO notes but you may use a calculator which does not graph and which is not
programmable.
Show all your work to get full credit. You must explain how you get your answers using
techniques developed in this class so far. Answer with no supporting work, obtained by guessand-check, or via other methods will result in little or no credit, even correct.
Place a box around Your Final Answer to each question.
Answer the equation in the space provided on the question sheets. If you need more room
(space), use the backs of the pages and indicate to the reader that you have done so.
If you are not sure what a question means, raise your hand and ask me.
Check your work!

Exercise 1 (5 Marks)
If S = {x|0 < x < 12}, M = {x|1 < x < 9} and N = {x|0 < x < 5}, find
1. M N
Solution: Since we have
M = (1, 9)

and

N = (0, 5) .

Then, we get
M N = (0, 9) = {x|0 < x < 9} .
2. M N
Solution: We have
M N = (0, 9) .
3. M c N c
Solution: Since the universal set is S = (0, 12), then we have
M = (0, 1] [9, 12)

and

N = (0, 5) .

Exercise 2 (8 Marks)
How many different linear arrangements are there of the letters A, B, C, D, E, F for
which
1. A and B are next to each other;

2. A is before B;

3. A is before B and B is before C;

4. A is before B and C is before D;

5. A and B are next to each other and C and D are also next to each other;

6. E is not last in line?

Exercise 3 (7 Marks)
A president, treasurer, and secretary, all different, are to be chosen from a club consisting
of 10 people, denoted by A, B, C, D, E, F , G, H, I and J, respectively. How many different
choices of officers are possible if
1. there are no restrictions;

2. A and B will not serve together;

3. C and D will serve together or not at all;

4. E must be an officer;

5. F will serve only if he is president.

   

. <@ ZA @  J
 JAK.

Good Luck!

Solutions - Midterm 2
Instructors: Dr. A. Grine and Dr. A. Ben Ghorbal
Sections: 170, 171, 172, 173

Total Marks
Exercise 1

Exercise 2

Exercise 3

Exercise 4

Total

20

Score

Exercise 1 (6 Marks)
Suppose that A, B and C are independent events in an experiment with P (A) = 0.3,
P (B) = 0.5 and P (C) = 0.8. Express each of the following events in set and find its the
probability
1. None of the three events occurs.

Solution: The event is represented by the following set

Ac B c C c .
Since the three events A, B and C are independent then the probability that none of the
three events occurs is given by
P (Ac B c C c ) =
=
=
=

P (Ac ) P (B c ) P (C c )
[1 P (A)] [1 P (B)] [1 P (C)]
(1 0.3) (1 0.5) (1 0.8)
0.7 0.5 0.2 = 0.07

2. At least one of the three events occurs.

Solution: The event is represented by the following set

A B C.
By using the probability axioms we obtain
P (A B C) = 1 P (Ac B c C c ) = 1 0.07 = 0.93
There is another way to find the result, in fact since we asked that at least one of the three
events occurs so it means that we have one of the following situation
A B c C c , P (A B c C c ) = 0.3 0.5 0.2 = 0.03, OR
Ac B C c , P (Ac B C c ) = 0.7 0.5 0.2 = 0.07, OR

Ac B c C, P (Ac B c C) = 0.7 0.5 0.8 = 0.28, OR

A B C c , P (A B C c ) = 0.3 0.5 0.2 = 0.03, OR

A B c C, P (A B c C) = 0.3 0.5 0.8 = 0.12, OR

A B C, P (Ac B C) = 0.7 0.5 0.8 = 0.28, OR

A B C, P (A B C) = 0.3 0.5 0.8 = 0.12, OR.

Then the probability that at least one of the three events occurs is given by the following
P (A B C)
= P (A B c C c ) + P (Ac B C c ) + P (Ac B c C) + P (A B C c )
+P (A B c C) + P (Ac B C) + P (A B C)
= 0.03 + 0.07 + 0.28 + 0.03 + 0.12 + 0.28 + 0.12 = 0.93

3. Exactly one of the three events occurs.

Solution: The event is represented by the following set

(A B c C c ) (Ac B C c ) (Ac B c C) .
Then the probability that exactly one of the three events occurs is
P ((A B c C c ) (Ac B C c ) (Ac B c C))
= P (A B c C c ) + P (Ac B C c ) + P (Ac B c C)
= 0.03 + 0.07 + 0.28
= 0.38

4. Exactly two of the three events occurs.

Solution: The event is represented by the following set

(A B C c ) (A B c C) (Ac B C) .
Then the probability that exactly one of the three events occurs is
P ((A B C c ) (A B c C) (Ac B C))
= P (A B C c ) + P (A B c C) + P (Ac B C)
= 0.03 + 0.12 + 0.28 = 0.43

Exercise 2 (7 Marks)
A supermarket in Riyadh buys its eggs from three different chicken ranches. They buy 1/3
of their eggs from EggsR Us, 1/2 of their eggs from Al Mazraah, and 1/6 of their eggs from
Cheap Eggs. The supermarket determines that 1% = 0.01 of the eggs from EggsR Us are
cracked, 2% = 0.02 of the eggs from the Al Mazraah are cracked, and 5% = 0.05 of the eggs
from Cheap Eggs are cracked. What is the probability that an egg chosen at random is from
Cheap Eggs, given that the egg is cracked?
Solution: We have the following tree diagram

We have
P (cracked)
= P (cracked | EggsR Us) P (EggsR Us) + P (cracked | Al Mazraah) P (Al Mazraah)
+P (cracked | Cheap Eggs) P (Cheap Eggs)
1
1
1
2
1
5
=

+
+
3 100 2 100 6 100
13
=
600
and so,
P (Cheap Eggs cracked)
P (Cheap Eggs | cracked) =
P (cracked)
P (cracked | Cheap Eggs) P (Cheap Eggs)
=
P (cracked)
1
5

= 10013 6
600

5
=
13
6

Exercise 3 (6 Marks)
Let X be a random variable with probability density function
c

for 0 < x < 1
x
fX (x) =

0
otherwise
1. Find the value of the constant c.

Solution: Since fX is the probability density function of a given random variable then
we need to choose c such that the sum of probability distribution function is equal to 1, i.e.
Z +
fX (x)dx = 1

The integral of the probability distribution function is

Z +
Z 1
h
i1
c
dx = 2 c x = 2c
fX (x)dx =
x
0

0
and so we have
2c = 1 = c =

1
= 0.5.
2

Therefore, the continuous random variable X has the probability density function

1

for 0 < x < 1
2 x
fX (x) =

0
otherwise

2. Give the cumulative distribution function of X.

Solution: By definition the cumulative distribution function is given by

Z x
FX (x) =
fX (t)dt

Then we distinguish the following three situations:

1st case: x 6 0, so t 6 x 6 0. Thus we have fX (t) = 0 and so
FX (x) = 0
2nd case: 0 < x < 1, then
FX (x) =

fX (t)dt

fX (t)dt +

fX (t)dt

= 0+

1
dt
2 t

h ix
t = x

3rd case: x > 1, we have

FX (x) =

fX (t)dt

fX (t)dt +

= 0+

fX (t)dt +

fX (t)dt

1
dt + 0
2 t

= 1
Therefore, the continuous random variable X has the cumulative distribution function

0
for x 6 0

x for 0 < x < 1
FX (x) =

1
for x > 1

3. Find P






1
3
1
2
<X <
,P X=
and P X >
.
2
4
8
5

Solution: We have






3
3
1
1
<X<
= P X6
P X 6
P
2
4
4
2
 
 
3
1
= F
F
4
2
r
r
3
1

=
4
2

3 2
=
2
Since X is a continuous random variable


1
P X=
=0
8
By using the same arguments as above we get




2
2
P X>
= 1P X 6
5
5
 
2
= 1F
5
r
2
= 1
5

5 2

=
5

4. Find E[X], Var(X) and X .

Solution: Using the definition of the the expectation of a given continuous random
variable we get
Z +
E[X] =
xfX (x)dx

Z 0
Z 1
Z
=
xfX (x)dx +
xfX (x)dx +
xfX (x)dx

0
0
Z 1
1
= 0+
x dx + 0
2 x
0
Z 1

1
=
xdx
2 0
" 3 #1
1
x2
=
1
2 2 +1
0

1
=
3
Now using the definition of the variance we get
 
Var[X] = E X 2 (E[X])2
 2
Z +
1
2
=
x fX (x)dx
3

Z 0
Z 1
Z
1
2
2
=
x fX (x)dx +
x fX (x)dx +
x2 fX (x)dx
9

0
0
Z 1
1
= 0+
x2 dx + 0
2 x
0
Z 1
3
1
1
=
x 2 dx
2 0
9
" 5 #1
1
x2
1
=

3
2 2 +1
9
0

1 1
=

5 9
95
4
=
=
45
45
Therefore,
Y =

Var[X] =

10

4
2
=
45
3 5

Exercise 4 (4 Marks)
Let X be a random variable defined as follows. An urn contains three balls numbered 1, 2
and 3. A fair coin is flipped; if the coin comes up heads, a ball is drawn from the urn and X
is the number on the ball; if the coin comes up tails two balls are drawn without replacement
from the urn and X is the sum of the numbers on the balls.
1. Compute the probability mass function.

Solution: We first obtain the following table:

s

P ({s})

X(s)

H, 1

1/6

H, 2

1/6

H, 3

1/6

T , 1, 2

1/12

T , 1, 3

1/12

T , 2, 1

1/12

T , 2, 3

1/12

T , 3, 1

1/12

T , 3, 2

1/12

Thus the probability mass function is given the following table

x

fX (x) = P (X = x)

1
6

1
6

1
1
1
1
+
+
=
6 12 12
3

1
1
1
+
=
12 12
6

1
1
1
+
=
12 12
6

11

2. Find the expectation E[X] and the variance Var(X).

Solution: Using the definition of the expectation of a discrete random variable we get
E[X] = 1

1
1
1
1
1
+2 +3 +4 +5 =3
6
6
3
6
6

Now for the variance we have

E[X 2 ] = 12

1
1
1
1
1
+ 22 + 32 + 42 + 52
6
6
3
6
6

1 + 4 + 18 + 16 + 25
6

64
32
=
6
6

Therefore,
 
Var[X] = E X 2 (E [X])2
=

32
32
3

5
32 27
=
3
3

12

Instructors: Dr. A. Grine and Dr. A. Ben Ghorbal

Sections: 170, 171, 172, 173

Solution Midterm 2
Total Points
Exercise 1

Exercise 2

Exercise 3

Total

20

Score

Exercise 1 (??? Marks)

The game Yahtzee (dice poker) is played by simultaneously rolling 5 dice and making a
poker hand from the top faces of the dice. Find the probability that
1. All five dice have different values.

Solution: If we assume that all 5 dice are distinguishable (as suggested) then there are
N = 65 = 7776 possible Yahtzee hands. If all 5 dice are to have different values then there
are 6 ways we can select the first number, 5 ways to select the second, 4 ways to select the
third, 3 ways to select the fourth and 2 ways to select the fifth distinct number. Thus there
are
n = 6 5 4 3 2 = 6! = 720
possible hands with all 5 numbers being distinct and so
P (5distinct) =

720
= 0.0926.
7776

2. There is exactly one pair in the five values.

Solution: To get a single pair, we first select what number the pair will be. There

are
5
6 ways to do this. Now we decide on which 2 dice the will pair appear. There are
2
ways to select the dice. Finally we need to select the numbers on the three remaining dice.
There are 543 ways to do that.

5
n=6
5 4 3 = 6 10 5 4 3 = 3600
2
The required probability is then
P (one pair) =

3600
= 0.4630.
7776

3. There are two different pairs of values.

Solution:

For two pairs, we follow

the same logic as before. Now we need to select

6
2 numbers to be pairs. There are
ways of doing that. Then we must place these
2

5
two pairs. Let us place the numerically smallest pair first. There are
ways to place
2

3
this pair. Then there are only 3 spots left so there are
ways to place the numerically
2
higher pair. Finally there are 4 remaining numbers that can fill the last spot.

6
5
3
n=

4 = 15 10 3 4 = 1800
2
2
2
The probability of two pairs is then
P (two pairs) =

1800
= 0.2315.
7776

4. There is a full house (3 of one value and 2 of another value).

Solution:

To get a full house there are 6 ways to choose the number

to appear three

5
times and 5 ways to select the number to appear in the pair. There are
ways to place
2
the pair and then the other number must fill up all remaining spots. Thus we get

5
n=65
= 6 5 10 = 300
2
and hence
P (full house) =

300
= 0.0386.
7776

Exercise 2 (8 Marks)
Suppose that the probability of exposure to the flu virus during flu season is 0.4 = 40%.
People can get a flu vaccine which prevents the vaccinated person getting the flu, if exposed, in
0.75 = 75% of cases. People who are not vaccinated get the flu 0.8 = 80% of the time if they
are exposed to the virus. It is impossible for a person to get the flu if they are not exposed to
the virus. Suppose that two friends, Scott and Kevin spend flu season in different places and
are not in physical contact with the same people. Scott received the flu vaccine but Kevin did
not.
1. What is the probability that exactly one of these two will get the flu?
Solution: Let
A1 be the event that Scott is exposed to the flu virus,
B1 that Scott gets the flu and
C1 the event that Scott gets the vaccine.
Similarly define A2 , B2 and C2 for Kevin;
A2 be the event that Kevin is exposed to the flu virus,
B2 that Kevin gets the flu and
C2 the event that Kevin gets the vaccine.
The information in the question tells us that
P (Ai ) = 0.4 for i = 1, 2
P (Bic | Ai Ci ) = 0.75 for i = 1, 2
P (Bi | Ai Cic ) = 0.8 for i = 1, 2
Note that a person cannot get the flu unless exposed so
P (Bi |Aci ) = 0 for i = 1, 2.
Another way of putting this is that Bi Ai . Since the two friends are not in contact with
each other or the same people we can also assume that the events for Scott are independent
of those for Kevin. We wish to find
P ((B1 B2c ) (B1c B2 ) | C1 C2c ) .
Since the two events are mutually exclusive we can write
P ((B1 B2c ) (B1c B2 ) | C1 C2c ) = P (B1 B2c |C1 C2c ) + P (B1c B2 |C1 C2c ) .
Furthermore due to the independence of the events we can write
P (B1 B2c |C1 C2c ) = P (B1 |C1 ) P (B2c |C2c )
P (B1c B2 |C1 C2c ) = P (B1c B2 |C1 ) P (B2 |C2c )

We can apply the law of total probability to find these probabilities

P (B1 |C1 ) =
=
c
c
P (B2 |C2 ) =
=
c
P (B1 |C1 ) =
P (B2 |C2c ) =

P (B1 |A1 C1 ) P (A1 ) + P (B1 |Ac1 C1 ) P (Ac1 )

0.25 0.4 + 0 0.6 = 0.10
P (B2c |A2 C2c ) P (A2 ) + P (B2c |Ac2 C2c ) P (Ac2 )
0.2 0.4 + 1 0.6 = 0.68
1 P (B1 |C1 ) = 0.90
1 P (B2c |C2c ) = 0.32

Hence we have
P (Exactly one gets the flu) = 0.1 0.68 + 0.9 0.32 = 0.356
2. If exactly one of them does get the flu, what is the probability it is Kevin?
Solution: We have

=
=
=
=

P (Kevin gets flu | Exactly one gets the flu)

P (Kevin gets flu AND exactly one gets flu)
P (Exactly one gets the flu)
c
P (B1 B2 |C1 C2c )
0.356
0.9 0.32
0.356
0.809

Exercise 3 (7 Marks)
A supermarket in Riyadh buys its eggs from three different chicken ranches. They buy 1/3
of their eggs from EggsR Us, 1/2 of their eggs from Al Mazraah, and 1/6 of their eggs from
Cheap Eggs. The supermarket determines that 1% = 0.01 of the eggs from EggsR Us are
cracked, 2% = 0.02 of the eggs from the Al Mazraah are cracked, and 5% = 0.05 of the eggs
from Cheap Eggs are cracked. What is the probability that an egg chosen at random is from
Cheap Eggs, given that the egg is cracked?
Solution: We have the following tree diagram

We have
P (cracked)
= P (cracked | EggsR Us) P (EggsR Us) + P (cracked | Al Mazraah) P (Al Mazraah)
+P (cracked | Cheap Eggs) P (Cheap Eggs)
1
1
1
2
1
5
=

+
+
3 100 2 100 6 100
13
=
600
and so,
P (Cheap Eggs cracked)
P (Cheap Eggs | cracked) =
P (cracked)
P (cracked | Cheap Eggs) P (Cheap Eggs)
=
P (cracked)
5
1

= 10013 6
5
=
13

600

Exercise 4 (7 Marks)
A discrete random variable, Y , has probability mass function (p.m.f.)
fY (y) = P (Y = y) = c (y 3)

for y = 2, 1, 0, 1, 2.

1. Find the value of the constant c.

Solution: Writing the probability mass function as a table we have

y

fY (y)

25c

16c

9c

4c

We need to choose c such that the sum of the probability mass function is equal to 1. The
sum of the probability mass function is
2
X

P (Y = y) = 55c

y=2

and so we have
55c = 1 = c =

1
0.0182.
55

Therefore, the discrete random variable, Y , has probability mass function (p.m.f.)
fY (y) = P (Y = y) =

1
(y 3)
55

for y = 2, 1, 0, 1, 2.

2. Give the cumulative distribution function of Y .

Solution: First we will write the probability mass function with the appropriate value of
c.
y

fY (y)

25
55

16
55

9
55

4
55

1
55

Thus we get the cumulative distribution

25

55

41

55
F (y) =
50

55

54

55
1

function
for y < 2
for 2 6 y < 1
for 1 6 y < 0
for 0 6 y < 1
for 1 6 y < 2
for y > 2

3. Find the mean and variance of Y .

Solution: The mean (or expected value) of Y is

25
16
9
4
1
+ (1) + 0
+1
+2
55
55
55
55
55
50 16 + 0 + 4 + 2
=
55
60
= 1.0909
55

E[Y ] = (2)

The variance is best calculated as

Var(Y ) = E (Y E[Y ])2 = E Y 2 (E[Y ])2
where

25
16
9
4
1
E Y 2 = (2)2
+ (1)2 + 02
+ 12
+ 22
55
55
55
55
55
25
16
9
4
1
= 4
+1 +0
+1
+4
55
55
55
55
55
100 + 16 + 0 + 4 + 4
=
55
124
=
2.2545
55

Exercise 5 (7 Marks)
Let X be a random variable with probability density function
c

for 0 < x < 1
x
fX (x) =

0
otherwise
1. Give the cumulative distribution function of X.

10


2. Find P

1
3
1
2
<X<
,P X=
and P X >
.
2
4
8
5

11

3. Find E[Y ], Var(Y ) and Y .

12


SEMESTER: FIRST
YEAR:
1428/1429
COURSE:
Math 301
DATE:
25/10/1428
DURATION: 2 HOURS

Midterm 1 - SOLUTION
Instructor: Dr. A. S. Ben Ghorbal
SEC T IO N S: 171 - 174
Name ______________________________
Section _____

Student ID_______________

Your Signature ________________________

TOTAL MAR KS
EXER C ISE 1

05

EXER C ISE 2

03

EXER C ISE 3

04

EXER C ISE 4

04

EXER C ISE 5

04

TOTAL

20

Dr. A. S. BEN GHORBAL

SCOR E

Page 1 of 8


SEMESTER: FIRST
YEAR:
1428/1429
COURSE:
Math 301
DATE:
25/10/1428
DURATION: 2 HOURS

Midterm 1
Instructor: Dr. A. Ben Ghorbal
SEC T IO N S: 171 - 174

Instructions:
Your exam should contain 08 Pages total (including the first page) and 5 Exercises
Please check your test for completeness.
Read instructions for each problem carefully.
NO book, NO notes but you may use a calculator which does not graph and which is
not programmable.
Show all your work to get full credit. You must explain how you get your answers
using techniques developed in this class so far. Answer with no supporting work,
obtained by guess-and-check, or via other methods will result in little or no credit,
even correct.
Place a box around Your Final Answer to each question.
Answer the equation in the space provided on the question sheets. If you need more
room (space), use the backs of the pages and indicate to the reader that you have
done so.
If you are not sure what a question means, raise your hand and ask me.
Check your work!

Good Luck!
Dr. A. S. BEN GHORBAL

Page 2 of 8

EXERCISE 1.

(05 MAR KS) Fill-in-the-Blank Questions

1. A well-defined collection of objects constitutes a ______________ of interest.

ANSWER: population
2. __________________ statistics involves summarizing and describing important features
of the data.
ANSWER: Descriptive
3. A ______________ variable x almost results from counting, in which case possible
values are 0, 1, 2, or some subset of these integers.
ANSWER: discrete
4. The number of traffic citations a person received during the last year is not an example
of a __________________ variable.
ANSWER: continuous
5. A histogram is ________________ if the left half is a mirror image of the right half.
ANSWER: symmetric

Dr. A. S. BEN GHORBAL

Page 3 of 8

EXERCISE 2.

(03 MAR KS) Multiple-Choice Questions

1. Which of the following are examples of a variable?

A. Gender of a high school graduate
B. Number of major credit cards a person has
C. Type of automobile transmission
D. All of the above
ANSWER: D
2. Which of the following statements are false?
A. A variable is continuous if its set of possible values either is finite or else can be
listed in an infinite sequence in which there is a first number, a second number,
and so on.
B. Continuous variables arise from making measurements.
C. The frequency of any particular observation of a discrete variable x is the number
of times that value occurs in the data set.
D. In theory, the relative frequencies should sum to 1.0, but in practice the sum may
differ slightly from 1.0 due to rounding.
E. None of the above.
ANSWER: A
3. Which of the following is not a measure of location?
A. The mean
B. The median
C. The mode
D. The variance
E. All of the above
ANSWER: D
Dr. A. S. BEN GHORBAL

Page 4 of 8

4. Which of the following is not a measure of variability?

A. Variance
B. Standard deviation
C. Mean absolute deviation
D. Median
E. All of the above
ANSWER: D

5. Which of the following is used as a divisor in the sample variance s 2 , where n is the
sample size?
A. n+1
B. n
C. n-1
D. n-2
ANSWER: C
6. Given that n 10,

25, and xi 512, thenthe sample standard deviation is

2

A. 7.012
B. 6.704
C. 7.067
D. None of the above answers is correct
ANSWER: C

Dr. A. S. BEN GHORBAL

Page 5 of 8

EXERCISE 3.

(04 MAR KS) The accompanying data specific gravity values

for various wood types used in construction.

.41
.54
.31
.45

.41
.55
.35
.46

.42
.58
.36
.46

.42
.62
.36
.47

.42
.66
.37
.48

.42
.66
.38
.48

.42
.67
.40
.48

.43
.68
.40
.51

.44
.75
.40
.54

Construct a stem-and-leaf display using repeated stems and comment on any interesting
features of the display.
ANSWER:
By reordering the data we get the following data table
.31
.41
.45
.54

.35
.41
.46
.55

.36
.42
.46
.58

.36
.42
.47
.62

.37
.42
.48
.66

.38
.42
.48
.66

.40
.42
.48
.67

.40
.43
.51
.68

.40
.44
.54
.75

Using the normal stem-and Leaf where leaf is hundredths and stem is
tenths
3
1 5 6 6 7 8
4L
0 0 0 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 8
5L
1 4 4 5 8
6L
2 6 6 7 8
7H 5
Another method of denoting the pairs of stems having equal values is
to denote the stem by L, for low and the second stem by H, for
high. Using this notation, the stem-and-leaf display would appear
as follows:
3L
1
stem: tenths
3H
56678
leaf: hundredths
4L
000112222234
4H
5L
144
5H
58
6L
2
6H
6678
7L
7H 5
The stem-and-leaf display on the previous page shows that .45 is a good
representative value for the data. In addition, the display is not
symmetric and appears to be positively skewed. The spread of the data
is .75 - .31 = .44, which is .44/.45 = .978 or about 98% of the typical
value of .45. This constitutes a reasonably large amount of variation
in the data. The data value .75 is a possible outlier.
Dr. A. S. BEN GHORBAL

Page 6 of 8

EXERCISE 4.

(04 MAR KS) The cumulative frequency and cumulative

relative frequency for a particular class interval are the sum of frequencies and relative
frequencies, respectively, for that interval and all intervals lying below it. Compute the
cumulative frequencies and cumulative relative frequencies for the following data:
75

89

80

93

64

67

72

70

66

85

89

81

81

71

74

82

85

63

72

81

81

95

84

81

80

70

69

66

60

83

85

98

84

68

90

82

69

72

87

88

ANSWER:

Cumulative
Frequency

Cumulative
Relative
Frequency

Class

Frequency

Relative
Frequency

60 under 65

.075

.075

65 under 70

.15

.225

70 under 75

.175

16

.40

75 under 80

.025

17

.425

80 under 85

12

.30

29

.725

85 under 90

.175

36

.90

90 under 95

.05

38

.95

95 under 100

.05

40

1.0

Dr. A. S. BEN GHORBAL

Page 7 of 8

EXERCISE 5.

(04 MAR KS) Consider the following observations on shear

strength of a joint bonded in a particular manner:

30.0

4.4 33.1 66.7 81.5 22.2 40.4 16.4 73.7 36.6 109.9

a. Determine the value of the sample mean.

b. Determine the value of the sample median. Why is it so different from the mean?
c. Calculate the upper quartile, lower quartile and the IQR.

ANSWER:
a. The sum of the n = 11 data points is 514.90, so
514.90/11 = 46.81.

b. The sample size (n = 11) is odd, so there will be a middle

value. Sorting from smallest to largest: 4.4 16.4 22.2
30.0
33.1
36.6
40.4
66.7
73.7
81.5
109.9.
The
sixth value, 36.6 is the middle, or median, value.
The
mean differs from the median because the largest sample
observations are much further from the median than are the
smallest values.

Q1?

c.

The position of the lower quartile Q1 is

0.25(n + 1) = 0.25(11 + 1) = 0.2512 = 3.
Then the lower is the 3rd value and is equal to 22.2.

Q2?
The second quartile Q2 is equal to the median
Q2 = 36.6.

Q3?
The position of the upper quartile Q2 is
0.75(n + 1) = 0.75(11 + 1) = 0.7512 = 9.
Then the lower is the 9th value and is equal to 73.7.

IQR?

Dr. A. S. BEN GHORBAL

Page 8 of 8

SOLUTIONS MIDTERM 1
SEMESTER: SECOND

YEAR: 1429/1430

COURSES: MAT 301 & MAT 141 & STA 111

DATE: 26/04/1430 (22/04/2009)

DURATION: 2 HOURS

Instructors: Drs. A. MUSTAFA, A. BARKAOUI, B. CHOURAR &

A. S. BEN GHORBAL
Name __________________________ Section _____
Student ID_________ Your Signature ________________

TOTAL MARKS

IMAMU

EXERCISE 1

06.00

EXERCISE 2

03.00

EXERCISE 3

04.00

EXERCISE 4

03.00

EXERCISE 5

04.00

EXERCISE 6

03.00

TOTAL

23.00

SCORE

Page 1 of 11

EXERCISE 1.

(6 MARKS)

A sample of 36 mice was used to investigate the use of iron in Fe+ form as a
dietary supplement. The iron was given orally and was radioactively labeled
so that the exact percentage of iron retained could be measured accurately.
The measurements were
7.6 1.2 4.9 5.7 13.0 1.0 3.4 0.2 10.8 1.0 2.4
12.3 0.7 1.1 0.7
0.9 6.5 1.6 4.0 29.1 0.2 0.1
9.2 11.9 0.3 14.4
1.8 9.9 3.4 3.8
9.9 4.1 4.1
24.0 21.0 11.9
1) Find the mean, variance and standard deviation of this data.

SOLUTIONS: We have
xi - x

7.60
1.20
4.90
5.70
13.00
1.00
3.40
0.20
10.80
1.00
2.40
12.30
0.70
1.10
0.70
0.90
6.50

0.10
0.20
0.20
0.30
0.70
0.70
0.90
1.00
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.60
1.80
2.40
3.40
3.40
3.80

-6.51
-6.41
-6.41
-6.31
-5.91
-5.91
-5.71
-5.61
-5.61
-5.51
-5.41
-5.01
-4.81
-4.21
-3.21
-3.21
-2.81

42.38
41.09
41.09
39.82
34.93
34.93
32.60
31.47
31.47
30.36
29.27
25.10
23.14
17.72
10.30
10.30
7.90

4.00

-2.61

6.81

ORDER THE DATA

xi

1.60

xi - x

continued

xi

xi

xi - x

( x - x)

4.00
29.10
0.20
0.10
9.20
11.90
0.30
14.40
1.80
9.90
3.40
3.80
9.90
4.10
4.10
24.00
21.00
11.90

4.10
4.10
4.90
5.70
6.50
7.60
9.20
9.90
9.90
10.80
11.90
11.90
12.30
13.00
14.40
21.00
24.00
29.10

-2.51
-2.51
-1.71
-0.91
-0.11
0.99
2.59
3.29
3.29
4.19
5.29
5.29
5.69
6.39
7.79
14.39
17.39
22.49

6.30
6.30
2.92
0.83
0.01
0.98
6.71
10.82
10.82
17.56
27.98
27.98
32.38
40.83
60.68
207.07
302.41
505.80

ORDER THE DATA

xi

So we get

Mean: x = 6.61

0.50

Variance: s 2 = 50.26 0.50

Standard Deviation: s = 7.09
IMAMU

0.50
Page 2 of 11

2)

Produce a stem-and-leaf display.

SOLUTIONS:
1st METHOD: We have

1.50

0 000000011111123334444567999
1 011234
2 149
Since the data is so skewed, a sensible approach is to round to the nearest
whole number, and draw a double stem-leaf plot, the first value corresponds
to leaf values of 0-4, and the second values corresponds to values of 5-9
0 000000011111123334444
0 567999
1 011234
1
2 14
2 9
2nd METHOD: We have (Note: the first four zeroes correspond to the
values 0.1, 0.2, 0.2 and 0.3;
1.50
the 0.7 is represented as a 1.)
0 0000111111122233444456789
1 00122234
2 149
Since the data is so skewed, a sensible approach is to round to the nearest
whole number, and draw a double stem-leaf plot, the first value corresponds
to leaf values of 0-4, and the second values corresponds to values of 5-9
0 00001111111222334444
0 56789
1 00122234
1
2 14
2 9
IMAMU

Page 3 of 11

3) Find the median and the quartiles.

SOLUTIONS: We recall that n = 36. So the median is the average between

the data at 18th and 19th positions (after arranging the data in the increasing
way!)

4.00 + 4.10
= 4.05
2

0.25

Now for the quartiles we have

Position of Q1 is in between 9th and 10th data (since

Q1 =

1.00 + 1.10
= 1.05
2
0.25

Position of Q3 is in between 27th and 28th data (since

Q3 =
4)

0.50

Position of Q2 is the median so

Q2 = 4.05

n + 1 37
=
= 9.25 ) so
4
4

9.90 + 10.80
= 10.35
2

3 ( n + 1)
= 27.75 ) so
4

0.50

Find IQR

SOLUTIONS: We have

IQR = Q3 - Q1 = 10.35 - 1.05 = 9.30

1.50

There are 3 outliers (21.00, 24.00, and 29.10) in the data set.

IMAMU

Page 4 of 11

EXERCISE 2.

(3 MARKS)

Suppose that we are given the following data

11 14 20 23 31 36 39 44
67 68 71 74 76 78 79 81
96 99 101 104 105 105 112 118
158 161 168 184 206 248 263 289

47
84
123
322

50
85
136
388

59
89
139
405

61
91
141
470

65
93
148
513

Construct the frequency, relative frequency and cumulative frequency based

on class intervals having as length 50.

SOLUTIONS:
0.50

0.50

0.75

0.50 + 0.50

Class Interval

Frequency

Relative
Frequency

Cumulative
Frequency

Cumulative Relative
Frequency

[0, 50)

9
= 0.17
52

0.17

[50, 100)

19

19
= 0.36
52

28

0.53

[100, 150)

11

11
= 0.21
52

39

0.74

[150, 200)

3
= 0.06
52

42

0.80

[200, 250)

2
= 0.04
52

44

0.84

[250, 300)

2
= 0.04
52

46

0.88

[300, 350)

1
= 0.02
52

47

0.90

[350, 400)

2
= 0.04
52

49

0.94

[400, 450)

2
= 0.02
52

50

0.96

[450, 500)

2
= 0.02
52

51

0.98

[500, 550)

2
= 0.02
52

52

1.00

TOTAL

52

1.00

IMAMU

Page 5 of 11

EXERCISE 3.

(4 MARKS)

PART A
A jar contains 2 red, 2 green and 1 blue beads. Two beads are drawn without
replacement. Use a tree diagram to illustrate the outcomes and figure out the
probability of drawing at least one red bead.

SOLUTIONS
Here is a "tree diagram" for this problem. The fractions in parentheses give the
probabilities a bead of the indicated color being drawn at each stage. For example, the
figure (2/5) after "Red" in the "First Draw" column comes from the fact that at this stage
there are 2 red beads out of 5 beads all together in the jar. The figure (1/4) in the top
box in the "Second Draw" column comes from the fact that now, after one red has been
removed, there is only 1 red of 4 beads.
0.25 + 0.50 +0.25 + 0.25
First Draw

Red (2/5)

Green (2/5)

Blue (1/5)

Second Draw

Outcome

Probability

Red (1/4)

RR

(2/5)(1/4)=1/10

Green (2/4)

RG

(2/5)(2/4)=1/5

Blue (1/4)

RB

(2/5)(1/4)=1/10

Red (2/4)

GR

(2/5)(2/4)=1/5

Green (1/4)

GG

(2/5)(1/4)=1/10

Blue (1/4)

GB

(2/5)(1/4)=1/10

Red (2/4)

BR

(1/5)(2/4)=1/10

Green (2/4)

BG

(1/5)(2/4)=1/10

The event "at least one bead is red" is the sum of the probabilities of the
outcomes in this event is 7/10, in fact

P ( at least one bead is red ) = P ( RR ) + P ( RG ) + P ( RB ) + P ( GR ) + P ( BR )

=
IMAMU

1 2 1 2 1
7
+ + + + =
10 10 10 10 10 10

0.50
Page 6 of 11

PART B
A jar contains 2 red, 2 green and 1 blue beads. Two beads are drawn with
replacement. Use a tree diagram to illustrate the outcomes and figure out the
probability of drawing at least one red bead.

SOLUTIONS:
Here is the "tree diagram" for this problem.

First Draw

Red (2/5)

Green (2/5)

Blue (1/5)

0.25

0.50 + 0.25

+ 0.25

Second Draw

Outcome

Probability

Red (2/5)

RR

2 2 4
=
5 5 25

Green (2/5)

RG

2 2 4
=
5 5 25

Blue (1/5)

RB

2 1 2
=
5 5 25

Red (2/5)

GR

2 2 4
=
5 5 25

Green (2/5)

GG

2 2 4
=
5 5 25

Blue (1/5)

GB

2 1 2
=
5 5 25

Red (2/5)

BR

1 2 2
=
5 5 25

Green (2/5)

BG

1 2 2
=
5 5 25

Blue (1/5)

BB

1 1 1
=
5 5 25

The event "at least one bead is red" is the following sum

P ( at least one bead is red ) = P ( RR ) + P ( RG ) + P ( RB ) + P ( GR ) + P ( BR )

=
IMAMU

4
4
2
4 2 16
+ + + + =
25 25 25 25 10 25

0.50
Page 7 of 11

EXERCISE 4.

(3 MARKS)

Consider randomly selecting a student at a certain university, and let A denote

the event that the selected individual has a Visa Credit Card
and B be
the analogous event for a Master Card

. Suppose that

P ( A ) = 0.5, P ( B ) = 0.4 and

P ( A B ) = 0.25

1) Compute the probability that the selected individual has at least one of
the two types of cards).

SOLUTIONS:
We have

P ( The selected individual has at least one of the two types of cards )
= P ( A B)

1.50

= P ( A) + P ( B ) - P ( A B )
= 0.50 + 0.40 - 0.25 = 0.65

2) Find the probability that the selected individual has neither type of card.

SOLUTIONS:
We have

P ( The selected individual has neither of the two types of cards )

= P ( A B)

= 1- P ( A B)

1.50

= 1 - 0.65 = 0.35

IMAMU

Page 8 of 11

EXERCISE 5.

(4 MARKS)

A box in a certain supply room contains four 40-W light bulbs, five 60-W
light bulbs, and six 75-W light bulbs. Suppose that three light bulbs are
randomly selected.
1.

Find the probability that exactly two of the selected light bulbs are
rated 75-W.

SOLUTIONS:
We have

P ( Selecting exactly two 75-W light bulbs )

1.00

6 9

2
1
3 5 9 27
= =
=
0.2967
5 7 13 91
15

3
2.

Find the probability that all three of the selected light bulbs have the
same rating.

SOLUTIONS:
We have

P ( All three of the selected light bulbs have the same rating )
= P ( Three 40-W light bulbs ) + P ( Three 60-W light bulbs )
+ P ( Three 75-W light bulbs )
4 5 6
+ +
3
3
3
4 + 10 + 20 34
= =
=
0.0747
15
455
455


3
IMAMU

1.00

Page 9 of 11

3.

Find the probability that one light bulb of each type is selected.

SOLUTIONS:
We have

P ( One light bulb of each type is selected )

4 5 6

1
1
1
120
= =
0.2637
455
15

3
4.

1.00

Suppose now that light bulbs are to be selected one by one until a 75W is found. Find the probability it is necessary to examine at least six
light bulbs.

SOLUTIONS:
To examine exactly one, a 75 watt bulb must be chosen first. (6 ways to
accomplish this). To examine exactly two, we must choose another wattage
first, then a 75 watt. ( 9 6 ways). Following the pattern, for exactly three, 9
8 6 ways; for four, 9 8 7 6; for five, 9 8 7 6 6.

P ( examine atleast 6 bulbs ) = 1 P ( examine 5 or less )

= 1 - P ( examine exactly 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 )

1.00

= 1 - P ( One ) + P ( Two ) + K + P ( Five )

9 6
9 8 6
9 8 7 6
9 8 7 6 6
6
=1- +
+
+
+
15 15 14 15 14 13 15 14 13 12 15 14 13 12 11
= 1 - [ 0.4 + 0.2571 + 0.1582 + 0.0923 + 0.0503]
= 1 - 0.9579 = 0.0421

IMAMU

Page 10 of 11

EXERCISE 6.

(3 MARKS)

A single fair die is rolled and then a fair coin is flipped twice.
1) Describe a sample space S giving all outcomes from this experiment.

SOLUTIONS:

We have

S = {1, 2,3, 4,5,6} { H , T } {H , T }

( n ( S ) = 6 2 2 = 24 )

(1, H , H ) ; ( 2, H , H ) ; ( 3, H , H ) ; ( 4, H , H ) ; ( 5, H , H ) ; ( 6, H , H ) ;

H
T
H
T
H
T
H
T
H
T
H
T
1,
,
;
2,
,
;
3,
,
;
4,
,
;
5,
,
;
6,
,
;
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)

0.75
=

T
H
T
H
T
H
T
H
T
H
T
H
1,
,
;
2,
,
;
3,
,
;
4,
,
;
5,
,
;
6,
,
;
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)

1, T , T ; 2, T , T ; 3, T , T ; 4, T , T ; 5, T , T ; 6, T , T ;

)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)
(

2) Assume all outcomes in question 1) have the same probability. Find the
probability of the following events:
A: 6 is rolled and at least one head turns up;
SOLUTIONS: We have A = {( 6, H , H ) ; ( 6, H , T ) ; ( 6, T , H )} n ( A ) = 3 .
n ( A) 3 1
P
A
=
=
=
(
)
Then,
0.75
n S
24 8

( )

B: an even number is rolled and head turns up on the second toss;

SOLUTIONS:
We have B = {( 2, H , H ) ; ( 4, H , H ) ; ( 6, H , H ) ; ( 2, T , H ) ; ( 4, T , H ) ; ( 6, T , H )}.

n( B) 6 1
P
B
=
=
=
(
)
Then,
n ( S ) 24 4

0.75

C: at least one head turns up and a number less than 5 is rolled.

SOLUTIONS: We have

(1, H , H ) ; ( 2, H , H ) ; ( 3, H , H ) ; ( 4, H , H ) ; (1, H , T ) ; ( 2, H , T ) ;
C=

( 3, H , T ) ; ( 4, H , T ) ; (1, T , H ) ; ( 2, T , H ) ; ( 3, T , H ) ; ( 4, T , H ) ;
n ( C ) 12 1
P
C
=
=
=
(
)
0.75
Then,
n ( S ) 24 2
IMAMU

Page 11 of 11

Solution of the Midterm 02