Chapter 7 Homework hane Homework Lesson | Due, Date rrr | 7-10 to 7-15 = lo. Fan | 7-21 to 7-26 3|2 713 | 7-33 to 7-38 3 fap 7A | : Zz to 750 3iy 71S 7-57 to 7-62 7.1.6 7-10 to 7-75 “747 7-80 to 7-85 - | 718 79010795 | | 724 “| za00t07-105 | : 7.2.2 1 J | 7-112 to 7-117MATH NOTES THODS AND MEANINGS Histograms and Stem-and-Leaf Plots A histogram is similar to a bar graph in that each bar represents data in an Ue interval of numbers. The intervals for the ‘| data are shown on the horizontal axis, and the frequency (number of pieces of data in ‘each interval) is represented by the height of a bar above the interval. Frequency ° ‘The labels on the horizontal axis represent the lower end of each interval. For example, the histogram at right shows that 10 students take at least 15 minutes but less than 30 minutes to get to school. 15°30 45 60.75.90 ‘Minutes to school Histograms ate used to display numeric data with an order, while bar graphs display data in categories where order generally does not matter. A stem-and-leaf plot shows the same data as a histogram, but it sh individual values from a set of data and how the values are distributed. The “stem” part of the graph represents all of the digits in a number except the last one. The “leaf” part of the graph represents the 4|9 “leaves” last digit of each of the numbers. fe eee 61 17 8 Example: Students in a math class 23338 received the following scores on their 8l2 3 tests: 49, 52, 54, 58, 61, 61, 67, 68, f 72,73, 73, 73, 78, 82, and 83. Display the test score data on a stem- ‘stem’ and-leaf plot.I lal lal b 4 Pop ba { Lier | | +} Ty co | | | eS ena esa eee te | . | | rT a a ee | { | [tt | 7 | | ie CI + “+ LET crt fea ie) [ EERE EEE7-10. 7. 7-12. 7-13, 7-15. Review at > LH preset It took Ivan 74 hours to drive 412.5 miles at a constant speed. How fast was he driving? Show how you know. Make a graph to show the relationship between distance and time for a bicycle that travels 10 miles every hour. ‘Twenty-five percent of the students at Marcus Garvey Middle School bring their lunches from home. 225 students do not bring their lunch. How inany students attend the school? Draw and label a diagram to show the number and percent of each group of students. Copy and rewrite the following expressions by combining like terms, making zeros, and using the Distributive Property. Visualizing the expressions by using algebra tiles may be helpful. a, (B)+4x+242x42x b. -8x+44+(-3) co. Txt 43xt+447x7 43x44 d. 5(x—4) Sao can text 1500 words per hour. Hc needs to text a message with 85 words. He only has 5 minutes between classes to complete the text. Can he do it in 5 minutes? Find the new dimensions of the figure given at right 3. Sit when it is enlarged by a scale factor of 2.5. Then find E > the perimeter and area of the original and enlarged figures. AftMATH NOTES THODS AND MEANINGS Quartiles and Interquartile Range (IQR) Quartiles are points that divide a data set into four equal parts (and thus, the use of the prefix “quar” as in “quarter”). One of these points is the median, which you leamed about in Chapter 1, since it marks the middle of the data set. In addition, there are two other quartiles in the middle of the lower and upper halves: the first quartile and the third quartile. Suppose you have this data set: 22, 43, 14, 7, 2, 32, 9, 36, and 12. To find quartiles, the data set must be placed in order from smallest to largest. Then divide the data set into two halves by finding the median of the entire data set. Next find the median of the lower and upper halves of the data set. (Note that if there are an odd number of data values, the median is not included in either half of the data set.) See the example below. 279 2 2 32 36 43 ~e e lower half upper balf 1 1 279 12 22 32 36 43 1." cam 8 34 first quartile third quartile (median of the lower half) (median of the upper half) The interquartile range (IQR) is one way (along with range) to measure the spread of the data. Statisticians often prefer using the IQR to measure spread, because it is not affected much by outliers or non-symmetrical distributions. The IQR is the range of the middle 50% of the data. It is calculated by subtracting the first quartile from the third quartile. In the above example, the IQR is 26 (34-8-26).7-21. 7-22. 1-23. —— ¢3-> Ameena’s boat travels 35 miles per hour. The best fishing spot in the lake is 27 milés away from her starting point. a. Ihe drives her boat for 3 of an hour; will she make it to the best fishing spot on the lake? b. How long will Ameena need to drive to get to the best fishing spot on the lake? Express your answer in both a portion of an hour and in minutes. Use the triangles below right to answer the questions that follow. a. What is the scale factor from A to B? DN b. Whatis the scale factor from B to A? Git. 56 c. Whatis the relationship of the scale factors? Ew Pe, Simplify each expression. a bet h+3x-2 b. 5.3-28x-7.143.9x Copy the diagram below on your paper. Use the given information to fill in all of the missing labels. 2 : 0% ? students 28 students 0% —~— es 0 60% 2%7-25. Alan is making a bouquet to take home to his grandmother. He needs to choose one kind of greenery and one kind of flower for his bouquet. He has a choice of ferns or leaves for his greenery. His flower choices are daisies, camations, and sunflowers. a. Draw a tree diagram to show the different bouquets he could make. How many are there? b. What is the probability that he will use ferns? c. What is the probability that he will not use sunflowers? d. Whatis the probability that he will use leaves and carnations? 7-26. Read the Math Notes box in this lesson and use the information to complete the following problems. The daily high temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit for the last two weeks in Grand Forks, North Dakota were 7, 1,—3,0,4,—1, 2, 5,7,7,3,-2,—4, and 5. a. Calculate the median temperature. b. Find the first and third quartiles (Qi and Q3). c. Whatis the interquartile range (IQR)?MATH NOTES \ Describing Data Distributions Distributions of data are typically described by considering the center, shape, spread, and outliers. Center: The median best represents the center (or a “typical” data value) if the distribution is not symmetrical or if there are outliers. Either the mean or the median is appropriate for describing the center of symmetrical distributions with no outliers. Shape: The shape is the overall appearance of the data when it is displayed in a histogram or stem-and-leaf plot. Is the distribution fairly symmetrical? Uniform? Single peaked? Skewed? Does it have large gaps or clusters? Spread: Spread is a measure of the variability of the data, that is, how much scatter there is in the data, For non-symmetrical data or data with outliers, use the interquartile range (IQR) to describe the spread, since it is based on median. For symmetrical data with no outliers, either the mean absolute deviation, which is based on the mean, or the TQR are i s of spread, ‘The range is not usnall best measure of the scatter in data, because it considers only the maximum and the minimum values and not what is occurring in between. Outliers: An outlier is any data point that is far removed from the bulk of the rest of the data.fee 7-34, 7-35. 7-36. ciatew wD === * Preview! A homeowner must reduce the use of his home’s electricity. The home currently consumes 25.7 kwh (kilowatt hours) of electricity per day, and the homeowner must reduce the use by 20%, Find the amount of electricity that will be used after the reduction in two different ways, using two different scale factors. Copy and simplify the following expressions by combining like terms, making zeros, and using the Distributive Property. Using algebra tiles may be helpful. a. (D+4x4+242x4x bd. ~8x+4+(-3)+10x c. C4) 43x44 d. 2Gx-2) Study the following division problems and the diagrams that represent them. Answer the question below each diagram. a, 844 b. Bet 1 - How many thirds? How many fourths? The table at right shows speed Speed Limits in km per hour limits in some foreign countries in kilometers per hour. One kilometer is equal to 0.6 miles. What are these Country ene Motorways speed limits in miles per hour? asm 00 Bo outh eu 100 120 Great Britain | 6 saad Turkey 90 907-37. 7-38. Simplify each expression. a. 18+3 b. 29-6)+40 & 15+5+4-(-$) a -$+CH-D e. 425-706 £ Pepe? Read the Math Notes boxes in this lesson and in the previous lesson. Use the information to complete the following problems. ‘The coach of the girls’ basketball team weighed each player. Their weights in pounds were 120, 122, 126, 130, 133, 147, 115, 106, 120, 112, and 142. a. Make a stem-and-leaf plot of the team players’ weights. b. Make a histogram of the teams’ weights. c. Describe the shape and spread of the data. That is, is it symmetric or non- symmetric? Does it have more than one peak or only one? Is it tightly packed together or widely spread out? d. Does this data have any outliers? Which measure of center, mean or median, would be appropriate to use to describe the typical weight? e. What is the typical weight of a player on the team? f. Whit is the range of the data?MATH NOTES THODS AND MEANINGS Scaling When a quantity is increased or decreased by a specific proportion of the original amount, it is changed by a specific scale factor (also called a multiplier). Quantities are sealed up when they are increased by multiplying by a number greater than one or scaled down when they are decreased by multiplying by a number between (but not including) zero and one. For example, if a music system is on sale for 25% off its original price ‘of $500, the discount can be found by multiplying by 25%: discount = 0.25(original price) = 0.25($500) = $125 ‘The full price (100%) minus the discount (25%) would result in the sale price, which in this case is 75% of the original. The sale price can also be found by scaling: sale price = 0.75(original price) = 0.75($500) = $375, Scaling can be used to enlarge and reduce side lengths of similar shapes, or to increase or decrease times, distances, and other related quantities. TAS. Reviey x CS nei? Mr. Anderson’s doctor has advised him to go on a diet. He must reduce his caloric intake by 15%. He currently eats 2800 calories per day. Calculate his new daily caloric intake rate in two different ways, using two different multipliers.7-46. 7-47. 7-48. 7-49. 7-50. Last month, a dwarf lemon tree grew half as much as a semi-dwarf lemon tree. A full-size lemon tree grew three times as much as the semi-dwarf lemon. ‘Together, the three trees grew 27 inches. Write and solve an equation to determine how much each tree grew. Make sure you define your variable. Enrique is saving money to buy a graphing calculator. So far he has saved $30. His math teacher told him he has saved 40% of what he will need. How much does the calculator cost? ot A principal made the histogram atrightto = ths analyze how many years teachers had been Sse es teaching at her school. Ee a. How many teachers Work at her school? a ‘Years of Teaching b. [the principal randomly chose one teacher to represent the School at a conference, What is the probability that the teachér would have been teaching at the school for more than 10 years? Write the probability in two different ways. c. What is the probability that a teacher on the staff has been there for fewer than 5 years? Lue is rolling a random number cube. The cube has six sides, and each one is a, What is the probability that he will roll a 5 or a3 on one roll? ‘b. What is the probability that he will roll a 5 and then a 3 in two rolls? c. What is the probability that he will roll a sum of 12 in two rolls? This problem is a checkpoint for simplifying expressions. It will be referred to as Checkpoint 7A. a. 4x2 43x-74(-2x7)-2x+(-3) b. 3x? 20+544x7- 7x46 Check your answers by referring to the Checkpoint 7A materials located at the back of your book. If you needed help solving these problems correctly, then you need more practice. Review the Checkpoint 7A materials and try the practice problems. ‘Also, consider getting help outside of class time. From this point on, you will be expected to do problems like these quickly and easily.MATH NoTES THODS AND MEANINGS Box Plots A box plot (sometimes called a “box-and-whisker plot”) displays a summary of data using the median, quattiles, and extremes of the data, The box contains “the middle half” of the data. The right segment represents the top 25% of the data, and the left segment represents the bottom 25% of the data. A box plot makes it easy to see where the data are spread out and where they are conceritrated. ‘The larger the box, the more the data are spread out. To construct a box plot using a number line that shows the range of the data, draw vertical line segments above the median, first quartile, and third quartile. Then connect the lines from the first and third quattiles'to form a rectangle. Place a vertical line segment above the number line at the highest and lowest data values. Connect the minimum value to the first quartile and the maximum value to the third quartile using horizontal segments. The box plot is shown below for the data set 2,7, 9, 12, 14,22, 32, 36, and 43. r{[ fe O85) 10) 15 220) 25.2 30 15540. 45 7-57. Review Erika is tracking the depth of the water in her local creek. Her first nine measurements are below, in inches: 16 15 13 1217 14 119 119 109 a. Find the median, first quartile (Q1), and third quartile (Q3). b. Create a box plot for the data. Read the Math Notes box in this lesson to review how to make a box plot. cc. Whatis the interquartile range (IQR) for Erika’s data?7-58. If 4 of x is 16, what is fof x? Justify your answer in more than one way. 7-59. LuAnn talked on her cell phone for 180 minutes, using 3 of her total monthly minutes. Find out how many total minutes LuAnn gets to talk in one month using at least two different methods. 7-60. Write the inequality represented by each graph. 7-61. Tires R Us is having a 30%-off sale. Find the savings on a tire that regularly costs $45. 7-62. Simplify each expression. a, 3.3(x+4) b. 9-Shx-32x41) c. 2.23.14a)+3xTHODS AND MEANINGS Solving Equations with Algebraic Fractions (also known as Fraction Busters) Example: Solve 3+2=2 for x. This equation would be much easier to ‘The lowest common solve if it had no fractions. ‘Therefore, the first goal is to find an equivalent equation that has no fractions. denominator of % and ® is 15. MATH NOTES 15-(4+4) =15-2 To eliminate the denominators, multiply all of the terms on both sides of the equation by the common denominator. In this example, the 15-3 415-$ = 15-2 Jowest common denominator is 15, so multiplying all of the terms (both sides) in the 5x432=30 equation by 15 eliminates the fractions. 8x=30 Another approach is to multiply all of the terms in the equation by one denominator and then by the other. Either way, the result is an equivalent equation without fractions. a2 x= B= 3.75 ‘Check: In this course, the number used to eliminate the denominators is called a Fraction Buster. Now j.254075=2 J the equation looks like many you have seen before, and it can be solved in the usual way. 35 4 35 — seas Once you have found the solution, remember to check your answer. o> — 7-70. Use the Fraction Busters to solve the following problems. _ b. eae rT, Find the value of x that makes each equation true. a. -4.9x=98 b. fa-3x c B4x=37-12. ‘Trina planted 43 plants in her garden last week. She planted twice as many cucumbers as zucchini and eight more tomatoes than cucumbers. Write and solve an equation to find the number of each kind of plant in her garden. ‘If yr need to, use the 5-D Process to help you organize your thinking. Be sure to define your variable. the for each number line below. a, a db. [ d, zg q 0 gin = ie i § 5 E Z i £100 ++ —7-74. Mt. Rose Middle School collected canned food to donate to a local charity. Bach classroom kept track of how many cans it collected. ‘The number of cans in each room were 107, 55, 39, 79, 86, 62, 65, 70, 80, and 77. The principal displayed the data in the box plot below. a. Whatis the interquartile range aa i 107 of the data? 30 40 «0 6 70 80 90 100 10 b. The main office staff collected 55 cans, the counseling staff collected 89 cans, and the custodial staff collected 67 cans. On grid paper, make a new box plot that includes this data. Clearly label the median and the first and third quartiles. i C 7 Ages of golfers participating in a golf tournament were 44, 48, 40, 25, 28, 37, 29,34, 45, 51, 43, 35, 38, 57, 50, 35,47, 30, 61, 43, 44, 60, 46, 43, 33, 45,42, 34, 32, and 74. a, Create a stem-and-leaf plot for this data. b. Use the stem-and-leaf plot to create a histogram. c. Describe the shape and spread of the data. Are there any apparent outliers? d. Use the appropriate measure of center to describé the “typical” age of golfers at the tournament.MATH NoTES THODS AND MEANINGS Percent Increase or Decrease A percent increase is the amount that a quantity has increased, represented as a percent of the original amount. A percent decrease is the amount that a quantity has decreased, written as a percent of the original amount. You can write an equation to represent a percent change that is an increase or decrease using a scale factor or multiplier: amount of increase or decrease = (% change)(original amount) Example 1: A loaf of bread increased in price from $0.29 to $2.89 in the past 50 years. What was the percent increase? increase = $2.89 — $0.29 (80.29——$2.60 8289 =92.60 $2.60 = (x)($0.29) 1 ieee ese e Example 2: Calculator prices decreased from $59 to What was the percent decrease? decrease = $59 — $9.95 = $49.05 $9.95 $49.05 $2 $49.05 = (9)($59) $49.05 $597 y=0.83= 83% 0% y%——4, 100%T8L. 7-82. 7-84, 7-85. CO te E* Previews Joe wanted to know more about how the cost of fertilizer for his lawn-care business was changing. The cost of a bag of fertilizer just increased from $8 to $15. What is the percent increase of the price? Represent the change as a fraction, as a percent, and as a decimal. Solve each equation. Show all work. a, 0.85x=200 b, Zx=140 Ms. Poppy has finished grading her students’ tests. ‘The scores were 62, 65, 93, 51, 55, 76, 79, 85, 55,72, 78, 83, 91, and 82. a. . Find the median. b. Find the quartiles. c. Find the IQR. d. Find the mean. Mr. Crow, the head groundskeeper at High ‘Tech Middle School, mows the lawn along the side of the gym. ‘The lawn is rectangular, and the length is 5 feet more than twice the widih. ‘The perimeter of the lawn is 250 feet. a, Use the 5-D Process to find the dimensions of the lawn. b. Use the dimensions you calculated in part (a) to find the area of the lawn. Evaluate the inequality below for the following listed values of x. Decide if the value makes the statement true or false. Show your work. 3x-322x43 a xa-3 b. x95 c. x=6 d. x=104 Mr. Takaya can eat three slices of pizza in five minutes. If he continues to eat at the same rate, how long will it take him to eat the whole pizza, which has twelye slices? How many slices could he eat in half of an hour?HODS AND MEANINGS Simple Interest Simple interest is interest paid only on the original amount of the principal at each specified interval (such as annually or monthly). ‘The formula to calculate simple interest is: I=Prt where MATH.NOTES Example: Theresa invested $1425,00 in a savings account at her local bank. The bank pays a simple interest rate of 3.5% annually. How much money will Theresa have after 4 years? I=Prt = 1=1425(0.035)(4)=$199.50 => P+I1=$1425+$199.50 = $1624.50 Theresa will have $1624.50 after 4 years. greview a) OH previ 7-90. Ida wants to buy a car, but she currently does not have any money. The car she wants costs $2500. Consider her two options and decide which loan she should take. a. She could borrow $2500 at a monthly interest rate of 4% simple interest and pay the total after 12 months. Write a simple-interest expression and calculate what she would owe at the end of 12 months. b. She could borrow $2500 at a weekly interest rate of 1% simple interest and pay the total after 12 months. Show calculations and a written explanation to justify your answer. 7-91. The Jones family wants to remodel their kitchen. They have saved $23,000 in the last two years. ‘Their contractor says the remodel will cost $40,000. They can borrow the difference at a monithly interest rate of 2% simple interest. If they pay the loan off in six months, how much. will they have paid?7-92. 7-93. 1-94. 7-95. The electronics department is having a No Sales Tax Sale! In addition, all of the items in the department are on sale for 25% off. Wyatt is looking at a music player that normally costs $120. He has $95 to spend, and he is wondering if he has enough money to buy it. a. Wyatt sketched the diagram at right. Use __9120total price the work he started to find 25% of $120. , Is this the price he will pay? om 100% Lose: E) b. Does Wyatt have enough money? c. Would he have enough money if he had to pay the 5.5% sales tax on the sale price? For each equation below, solve for x. Show the process you use to check your answer. a x-Z=13 - b. 5x=0 ©. x-14.6=2.96 Marty is saving money to buy a new computer. He received $200 for his birthday and saves $150 of each week’s paycheck. ‘Does this situation represent a proportional relationship? If it does, identify the constant of proportionality. If it does not, explain why not. Elvin found the box plot below in the school newspaper. Number of hours spent watching TV each week rt] “Ht ° 5 10 15 20 a, Based on the plot, what percent of students watch more than 10 hours of television each week? b. Based on the plot, what percent of students watch less than 5 hours of television each week? c. Can Elvin use the plot to find the mean (average) number of hours of, television students watch each week? If so, what is it? Explain your reasoning. 4. Can he use the plot to find the median? Ifso, what is it? Explain your reasoning.Chapter 7 Homewor' Lesson Homework Due Date 7.2.1 7-100 to 7-105 7.2.2 7-112 to 7-1177-100. 7-101. 7-102. 7-103. 7-105. Review 4x Sp =F Preview Find the missing value in each of the pairs of equivalent ratios below. Le co. Bam 38 om Samantha’s parents are going to paint her room. Her color choices for the walls include three different shades of white, four shades of tan, two shades of blue, three shades of green, and four shades of pink. What is the probability that she will randomly select any shade of blue or pink? The local sports shop has backpacks on sale for $28. The original price was $40. What is the percent decrease for the backpack price? Simplify the expressions below. a 3-140) b. Bed c. 34-13 a - Bat e. f 242 & Cp A, Stephanie is earning simple interest of 3.5% on her money each month. She currently has $1325 in her account. What will her balance be in 5 months? Eduardo’s friends guessed how many jelly beans were in a jar at his birthday patty. Here are their guesses: 75, 80, 95, 92, 100, 72, 71, 60, 65, 88, 60, 152. a. Make a histogram to display the data. b. Make a box plot to display the data. c. "Which measure of center is most appropriate for this data? Why? d. Which data display most clearly shows the median of the data?MATH NOTES — * Preyiet Solve the proportions using any strategy you choose. Show all of your steps. a. b. c ga a. Triangle ABC is similar to triangle DEF . D y F a. Find the scale factor from 8 triangle ABC to triangle DEF. A\ c b. Find x.” ° 7 5 385 c. Find y. B : E ‘Write an equation to represent the situation below and answer the question. You may use the 5-D Process to help you. Andrew just opened a new office-supply store. He has been keeping track of how many customers visit his store. During his second week, he had 18 more customers than he did the first week. The third week, he had four less than twice as many customers as he had during the second week. In his fourth week of business, he had 92 customers. If he had 382 customers in total during his first four weeks of business, how many customers did he have during the second week? For each equation below, solve for x. Sometimes the easiest strategy is to use ‘mental math, a x-3s1 b. 5.2+x=10.95 ce. 2x-3.25=7.15 da g=27-116. _ Jessica wants to make a spinner that has all of the following characteristics. Sketch a possible spinner for Jessica. Be sure to label each section of the spinner with a name and with its theoretical probability. ° Blue, red, purple, and green are the only colors on the spinner. © It is half as likely to land on blue as to land on red. © It is three times as likely to land on purple as green. © There is a 50% probability of landing on either blue or red and a 50% probability of landing on either purple or green. 7-117. This problem is a checkpoint for displays of data. It will be referred to as Checkpoint 7B. SH or the information in parts (a) and (b), create a histogram. For the information in parts (c) and (4), create a box plot and then identify the quartiles and interquartile range. a. Hours spent doing after school sports each weekday by students: 0,4,0,1,1,1,4,14,2,2,4,2,2,2,14,14,1,1,2,4,4,4,2 b. Amount of time spent solving a math puzzle (minutes) by study teams: 3,15, 18, 14, 10, 14, 19, 8, 14, 14, 15, 19,9 c. Average number of text messages sent per day by a group of friends: 47,52, 50, 47, 51,46, 49, 46, 48 d, Number of points scored by the basketball team at during a season: 76, 90, 75, 72, 93, 82, 70, 85, 80 Check your answers by referring to the Checkpoint 7B materials located at the back of your book. If you needed help solving these problems correctly, then you need more practice. Review the Checkpoint 7B materials and try the practice problems. ‘Also, consider getting help outside of class time. From this point on, you will be expected to do problems like these quickly and easily.7-32. 1-56. T-ALL. LEARNING LOG In your Leaming Log, describe how you scale a quantity. For example, how do you know what multiplier (scale factor) to use? How can you tell if your multiplier should be more than one? Title your entry “Scaling Quantities” and include today’s date. Q LEARNING LOG In your Learning Log, summarize at least two strategies to solve an equation with fractional (or decimal) coefficients. Provide an example for each strategy and include a diagram, Title this entry “Solving Equations ‘with Fractional Coefficients” and include today’s date. E A LEARNING LOG In this section, you have used a number of different E strategies for finding missing information in proportional Gs relationships. In your Learning Log, show each of these methods. Include examples to show your thinking. Title this entry “Methods for Finding Missing Information in Proportional Relationships” and label it with today’s date.