Medical Fitness For Work Offshore

Medical Aspects of Fitness for Work Offshore:
Guidance for Examining Physicians

Issue 6
March 2008
Medical Aspects of Fitness for

Work Offshore:
Issue 6
March 2008
Whilst every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this publication,
neither Oil & Gas UK, nor any of its members will assume liability for any use made thereof.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or
otherwise, without prior written permission of the publishers.
Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of
Her Majestys Stationery Office.
Copyright 2008 The United Kingdom Offshore Oil and Gas Industry Association Limited trading as
Oil & Gas UK
ISBN: 1 903003 37 4
PUBLISHED BY OIL & GAS UK
London Office:
2nd Floor, 232-242 Vauxhall Bridge Road, London, SW1V 1AU.
Tel: 020 7802 2400 Fax: 020 7802 2401
Aberdeen Office:
3rd Floor, The Exchange, 2 Market Street, Aberdeen, AB11 5PJ.
Tel: 01224 577250
Email: info@oilandgasuk.co.uk
Website: www.oilandgasuk.co.uk

Contents
Acknowledgements
List of Abbreviations
Section 1
General Guidance Notes
Section 2
Determination of Risk for Specific

Medical Conditions
Section 3
Special Employment Groups
Addendum 1
Medical Screening Questionnaire and

Examination Record
Addendum 2
Unrestricted Offshore Work Certificate
Addendum 3
Restricted Offshore Work Certificate
Addendum 4
Information for Unsuccessful Applicant
Addendum 5
Cardiovascular/Musculoskeletal
Screening Tool
Addendum 6
Certificate of Fitness to Participate in

ERT Duties
Addendum 7
Risk Factor Assessment for the

Determination of Follow-up Frequency
for Ischaemic Heart Disease Males
Addendum 8

Determination of Follow-up Frequency
for Ischaemic Heart Disease Females
Addendum 9
Random Drug Testing Protocol
Addendum 10
Health Surveillance
Issue 6 March 2008
i/ii

Acknowledgements
Authors
Dr Graham Furnace
Maersk
Dr Andrew Goodge
RS Occupational Health
Dr Roger McKechnie
ExxonMobil
Acknowledgements
Dr Wendy Doig
BP Oil
Dr Mike Doig
Chevron
Inga Heyman
Incite
Dr Tom Brown
Scottish Division, Royal College of Psychiatrists
Energy Institute Health Technical Committee
Issue 6 March 2008
iii/iv

List of Abbreviations
AIDS
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
BA
BMI
BP
Breathing Apparatus
Body Mass Index
Blood Pressure
CAA
CABG
COSHH
CPHM
Civil Aviation Authority

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health
Consultant in Public Health Medecine
DVT
Deep Vein Thrombosis
ECG
ENT
ERT
Electrocardiograph
Ear, Nose and Throat
Emergency Response Team
FPSO
Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (vessel)
HAVS
HDL
HIV
HSE
Hand/Arm Vibration Syndrome

High Density Lipoprotein
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Health and Safety Executive
IDDM
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
NICE
NIDDM
National Institute for Clinical Excellence

Non-insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
PPE
Personal Protective Equipment
RPE
Respiratory Protective Equipment
TIA
Transient Ischaemic Attack
UKCS
United Kingdom Continental Shelf
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Section 1
Paragraph
Page
Background
1-1
Applicability
1-1
The Medical Assessment Process

3.1 General
3.2 The Medical Examination
1-1
1-1
1-2
Certificate of Fitness
1-2
Frequency of Examination
1-3
Offshore Visitors
1-4
Information and Review Process for

Unsuccessful Candidates
1-4
The Offshore Working Environment
1-5
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Background
It is Oil & Gas UK policy that all persons working offshore shall be examined
periodically and classified as medically fit to work in the offshore environment.
These guidelines set out what is considered to be good practice regarding the
assessment of health of persons working or intending to work offshore, and
guidance on the implications of various medical conditions on fitness to do so.
They are intended to aid an examining physician's assessment of the medical
fitness of an individual to work in the offshore environment. Nevertheless,
it remains the responsibility of the operators medical adviser (this term is used
to cover the medical adviser to offshore platforms, other production units
eg Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (vessels) (FPSOs) and mobile
drilling rigs) to ensure that persons working offshore meet necessary health
standards. While operators will normally accept possession of a certificate of
fitness for offshore work as evidence of doing so, the final decision regarding
offshore employment or visits rests with the operators. Their decision will take
account of the medical advice received from the examining physician but may
vary from his/her conclusion.
Operators may choose to use alternative methods of assessment for their own
installations. However, an individual having passed such assessment would not
be acceptable for unrestricted work in the North Sea unless the assessment
also meets the requirements of these guidelines.
Applicability
The guidelines are written with specific reference to the UK offshore industry.
Where organisations or companies choose to apply them to other geographical
locations, they must satisfy themselves as to the applicability of the guidance
to such locations. In addition, it is outside of the scope of Oil & Gas UKs
procedures to appoint doctors specifically for such locations. The Oil & Gas UK
Review Panel Process for unsuccessful candidates will not be applicable for
locations outside the United Kingdom Continental Shelf (UKCS).
The Medical Assessment Process

3.1
General
All assessments under these guidelines must include a personal examination

by an examining physician who is approved by Oil & Gas UK and whose name
appears on the current Oil & Gas UK list of appointed doctors. The Oil & Gas
UK medical adviser maintains such a list of physicians contact Oil & Gas UK
in the first instance on 01224 577250. The list of appointed Oil & Gas UK
physicians is available at www.ukooa.co.uk/issues/health/doctors.cfm.
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Oil & Gas UK appointed physicians will:
Have knowledge of the offshore environment and remote medicine
Demonstrate knowledge of, or possess a qualification in, occupational
medicine
Have access to appropriate examination facilities
After September 2009, new applicants will undertake an Oil & Gas UK
one-day training programme in offshore medical assessment
Understand the principles of the risk-based approach embodied in these
guidelines
Agree to participate in the Review Panel Process for Unsuccessful
Candidates described in Paragraph 7 by submitting copies of relevant
clinical records at no cost to the candidate, his employer or Oil & Gas UK
3.2
The Medical Examination
The medical examination will always include the following:

Photographic ID of the examinee
A comprehensive medical, social and occupational history
Audiometry
Urinalysis
Visual Acuity
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Appropriate clinical examination
Further investigations (eg blood tests, Electrocardiograph (ECG),
spirometry) may be required to clarify clinical findings but are not a routine
requirement
A suitable form for recording the examination is provided in Addendum 1,
although examining doctors may use their own design of form if they wish.
Certificate of Fitness
Examining doctors should note that possession of an unrestricted Oil & Gas UK
certificate of medical fitness for offshore work allows the holder to travel to and
work on any installation within the UK offshore sector and implies that the
individual is fully fit for all normal duties without the individual requiring any
additional support or modification to the working environment. Additional
specialist duties such as emergency response team membership will require
further assessment under the relevant guidance.

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Issue 6 March 2008

The examining physician should therefore only issue an unrestricted certificate
of fitness for offshore work if the individual is found fully fit for offshore work
in accordance with these guidelines. This must be in the format shown in
Addendum 2 and must be reproduced on either the examining doctors or
company headed notepaper as appropriate.
Individuals not meeting the criteria which would allow issue of an unrestricted
certificate of fitness may still be fit to work offshore subject to specific support
measures being implemented, but would then be limited to working on such
installations where these specific measures have been implemented.
Where an examining doctor, following discussion with an operating companys
medical adviser, finds that although an individual is not fit for unrestricted
offshore work, he is fit for work at a specified location, a restricted offshore
medical fitness certificate should be issued, endorsed to the effect that they are
only permitted to travel to and work on specific, named installations. This must
be in the format shown in Addendum 3 and must be reproduced on either the
examining doctors or company headed notepaper as appropriate.
Where an examining physician finds an individual unfit for offshore work, the
process outlined in Paragraph 7 must be followed and a form Information for
Unsuccessful Applicant issued (refer to Addendum 4).
Employers should be aware that refusal to issue an unrestricted certificate
does not necessarily indicate that an individual will be unfit to work offshore in
any circumstances and is not intended to provide the employer with any
guidance under the Disability Discrimination Act or any other legislation. The
employer should in all cases assess the individual employees circumstances
to determine if suitable modification can be made to allow the individual to work
offshore. In such circumstances, the examining physician should be prepared
to provide an additional report to the employer, if required, detailing the
functional disability present and, where appropriate, suitable modifications
which could be considered.
Frequency of Examination
Every person must be examined prior to employment offshore and thereafter at
2-yearly intervals.
The examining physician should consider increasing the frequency of periodic
assessments where the individual has a condition which may significantly alter
during such a timeframe. In such circumstances, certificates of shorter duration
than 2 years should be issued.
Following sickness absence due to significant injury or illness, or following
evacuation from an offshore installation for medical or dental reasons, an
individuals medical or dental fitness must be assessed and he/she should
not return offshore until certified as medically fit to return to work offshore by
an Oil & Gas UK approved physician. This assessment may, but need not
automatically, involve further medical examination.
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Offshore Visitors
The health risks associated with offshore work relate to the geographical
location of the installation rather than the purpose of the visit. Although, to a
lesser extent, the time to be spent there may affect the risk associated with
work offshore, even for offshore visits planned to be of short duration,
individuals may unavoidably have the length of their stay extended due to
weather or operational reasons. All visitors should therefore be assessed under
these guidelines, irrespective of the purpose or duration of their planned trip.
However, operating company medical advisers may adopt simpler screening
procedures for individuals undertaking short-duration visits to specific
installations.
Information and Review Process for

Unsuccessful Candidates
Independent Review Procedure
In circumstances where:
No certificate is issued after a medical examination or
No certificate is issued following an examination for fitness to return to work
offshore or after illness or injury
Oil & Gas UK has established a process for review of the examining doctors
assessment of the individual and the decision made in his/her case. The
questions which will be addressed by the review process are:
(1)
Was the medical examination conducted in accordance with the Fitness

for Work Offshore Guidelines (Oil & Gas UK) and in a professional and
reasonable manner?
(2)
Was there reasonable evidence of any significant medical condition(s)?
(3)
If a significant medical condition has been identified is this a reason

for restriction under the Fitness for Work Offshore Guidelines (Oil &
Gas UK)?
(4)
If the individual is considered unfit to work offshore would it be

reasonable to consider a future evaluation to reassess the applicants
medical condition with relation to employment?
It is important for examining doctors and examinees alike to note that the
review process will not include changing the guidelines or application of the
guidelines in an individual case, but is restricted to a reassessment of whether
a reasonable interpretation of the guidelines was made.

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Where an examining doctor declines to issue a certificate of fitness for offshore
work he/she must:
Fully explain his/her reasons for doing so to the examinee in person.
Although the examining physician may wish to confirm these discussions
in writing to the individual, this should not be the primary mode of
communication
If the decision has been made after receipt of a specialist or other report, the
examining doctor must provide an opportunity to discuss the decision in
person with the examinee
If the examinee remains in disagreement that the examining doctors
decision was a reasonable one, the examining doctor must determine the
exact reason why the examinee feels his decision not to be in accordance
with the guidelines and provide both verbal and written response to this
If, following receipt of the examining doctors written response, the individual
remains in disagreement, the examining physician should give the examinee
a copy of the form Information for Unsuccessful Applicants (refer to
Addendum 4) and advise that they may initiate the review process by
contacting Oil & Gas UK in the first instance. Oil & Gas UK will advise the
name of their current medical adviser who will administer the review process
on behalf of Oil & Gas UK. It should be noted that the review process is not
obligatory but is intended to provide a third-party review of the decision
reached, only where the examinee remains in disagreement with the
examining doctors decision after full discussion and explanation of this,
as described above
Examining doctors should note that they will be required to provide the Oil &
Gas UK medical adviser with copies of their medical records relating to the
case and evidence that they have fully complied with the above process
The Offshore Working Environment

The examining physician should conduct the assessment in accordance with
recognised occupational health standards. In common with good occupational
medicine practice the examining physician must ensure that the medical
assessment of a prospective offshore employee relates to the particular work
factors and environment of the worksite. Although the following description
provides a brief guide to offshore working conditions, examining physicians
must ensure they have adequate knowledge of the environment to make an
effective decision in individual cases. A more in-depth description may be
found in Fitness for Work: The Medical Aspects published by Oxford Medical
Publications.
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The Physical Nature of the Offshore Environment
Installations range in size from small exploration and drilling semisubmersibles with a crew of less than 20 to large, fixed leg oil production
installations with a crew of up to 250
Installations may be up to 200 miles offshore
All facilities have 24-hour operations, with employees working alternate
12-hour day and night shifts
Offshore tours of duty are typically of two to three weeks duration
Travel to and from the installation is by helicopter
Living accommodation is usually in shared cabins of two, or less commonly,
four occupants
There are recreational facilities normally including satellite television, a gym
and social facilities but no alcohol is allowed offshore
Many of the functions offshore still require a large degree of lifting and heavy
manual handling and many valves are still manually operated
Much equipment is very heavy and needs regular maintenance and repair
which often has to be done in a very confined working space
Installations are usually of a multi-level design with access between levels
by steep, open, external stairs
Because of the need to contain potential fires and explosions there are
numerous fire and explosion-proof safety doors which can be extremely
heavy to open and close
Offshore Survival Training
Because the normal transport to any offshore installation is by helicopter and,
in an emergency, rescue is likely to involve evacuation by lifeboat or liferaft,
every employee offshore must hold a valid Certificate of Offshore Survival
Training.
The training is physically demanding and initially takes 3 days including
activities such as embarking a liferaft from the water, climbing rescue nets and
helicopter underwater escape simulation which includes the use of a rebreather
device and cold water immersion. Basic firefighting skills are taught and
attendees are expected to escape from a smoke house using breathing
apparatus.
Refresher courses are required every 4 years.

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Issue 6 March 2008

Installation Medical Facilities
Most offshore installations are required to have a fully equipped sick bay
usually consisting of an examination area, a small one or two-bedded ward and
a bath to treat hypothermia.
Sick bay medical equipment is reasonably comprehensive normally including
an electrocardiograph, defibrillator, gas-powered ventilator and pulse oximeter
but should not be compared to the level found in hospitals.
The Medic has a range of basic drugs available including antibiotics,
analgesics (including opiates), cough and cold remedies, antacid preparations,
antihistamines and a selection of emergency medication for use in cardiac
arrest.
The Medic is not expected to have the level of training to be able to prescribe
the complete range of stocked medication but, when necessary, their use can
be authorised by an onshore physician.
The Offshore Medic Qualifications and Training
The offshore Medics are either nurses or armed services medical attendants
who have passed a specific Health and Safety Executive (HSE) approved
Medic training course.
This 4-week course extends the skills of the Medic to a level that reflects the
extra roles and skills they will need to deal with sick or injured individuals in a
remote location.
The Medic does not possess the diagnostic or treatment skills expected of a
medical practitioner but has to act with no expectation of immediate medical
backup relying only on the help of a first aid team and the telephone advice of
an on-call physician.
There is normally only one Medic per platform so that they are always on call.
The Medic may be given other functions if, as is often the case, the
health-related duties do not occupy the full 12-hour shift.
Transport and Medical Evacuation
Manning levels and accommodation constraints are such that anyone
becoming sick for any length of time will have to be returned onshore and
replaced by another worker.
An emergency medical evacuation can be expensive for the company and,
if required in inclement weather conditions, can endanger the crew of the
helicopter and any medical personnel involved.
There are regular periods of time where travel by helicopter may be impossible
for 2 to 3 days due to high winds or fog.
The helicopter passenger cabin is small with closely packed seats. Personnel
have to wear bulky survival suits and lifejackets.
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Emergency egress is by doors and windows. Larger or obese passengers may
find exit through the windows difficult.
Flights are conducted at 1000 to 3000 feet. Passengers must be fit to fly at this
level for the 1 to 2-hour duration of the flight.
Where a person must be evacuated urgently, flights may be diverted to pick up
the patient or a dedicated flight can be arranged. As a result, the delay in
evacuation times to shore can be in the order of 4 to 5 hours or more,
dependent on weather conditions.
The management of some patients requiring active care during an evacuation
flight may pose difficulties due to the combination of cramped accommodation,
noise and vibration. The use of some medical equipment including defibrillators
may be curtailed by flight safety considerations.
Individuals diagnosed with psychiatric conditions pose a particular concern
as the pilots cabin is not physically separated from the passenger cabin.
This proximity can have safety implications when attempting to medivac
severely agitated patients.

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Issue 6 March 2008

Section 2
Determination of Risk for
Specific Medical Conditions
Paragraph
Page
Introduction
2-1
Cardiovascular System
2.1 Risk
2.2 Assessment
2.3 Notes on Specific Conditions
2-2
2-2
2-2
2-3
Diseases of the Nervous System

3.1 Risk
3.2 Assessment
2-5
2-5
2-6
2-6
Psychiatric Disorders
4.1 Risk
4.2 Assessment
2-8
2-8
2-9
2-9
Alcohol Dependence
5.1 Risk
5.2 Assessment
2-11
2-11
2-11
Drug Abuse
6.1 Risk
6.2 Assessment
2-12
2-12
2-12
Respiratory System
7.1 Risk
7.2 Assessment
2-13
2-13
2-13
2-13
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Determination of Risk for Specific Medical Conditions

2-i

Section 2
Specific Medical Conditions (contd)
Paragraph
Page
Endocrine Disorders
8.1 Risk
8.2 Assessment
2-14
2-14
2-15
2-15
Obesity
9.1 Risk
9.2 Assessment
2-16
2-16
2-16
10
Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System

10.1 Risk
10.2 Assessment
2-17
2-17
2-17
2-18
11
Musculoskeletal Conditions
11.1 Risk
11.2 Assessment
2-19
2-19
2-19
2-20
12
Skin
12.1 Risk
12.2 Assessment
2-20
2-20
2-20
2-21
13
Genitourinary System
13.1 Risk
13.2 Assessment
2-21
2-21
2-21
2-22

2-ii
Issue 6 March 2008

Section 2
Paragraph
Page
14
Diseases of Blood or Blood Forming Organs

14.1 Risk
14.2 Assessment
2-22
2-22
2-23
2-23
15
Organ Transplants
15.1 Risk
2-24
2-24
16
Malignant Neoplasms
16.1 Risk
16.2 Assessment
2-24
2-24
2-25
17
Infectious Diseases
17.1 Risk
17.2 Assessment
2-25
2-25
2-25
2-26
18
Ear, Nose and Throat

18.1 Risk
18.2 Assessment
2-26
2-26
2-26
19
Eyes
19.1 Risk
19.2 Assessment
2-27
2-27
2-27
20
Dental Health
20.1 Risk
20.2 Assessment
2-28
2-28
2-28
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Section 2
Paragraph
Page
21
Allergies and Anaphylaxis

21.1 Risk
21.2 Assessment
21.3 Specific Conditions
2-29
2-29
2-29
2-30
22
Medications
22.1 Specific Considerations for Medication
22.2 General Considerations for Medication
2-30
2-31
2-32

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Issue 6 March 2008

Introduction
The assessment of an individuals fitness to travel and work offshore involves
making an assessment of the risk which may be posed either to themselves or
to others by any underlying medical condition(s) which they may have.
In order to be fit to travel and to work offshore an individual must:
Be able to carry out their normal assigned duties without compromise to the
safety of themselves or others
Be able to escape from the platform or helicopter in event of an emergency
Be able to take part in offshore survival training
Pose no significant risk to the safety or health of others on the installation by
virtue of any underlying medical condition
Require no ongoing medical treatment which cannot be effectively delivered
in the offshore environment
Require no medical treatment which has significant side effects incompatible
with offshore work
Have no significant liability to sudden illness requiring medical intervention
which cannot be delivered in the offshore environment
If an individual is unable to meet these seven criteria then they should not
normally be considered fit for unrestricted offshore work. An individual who is
declared temporarily unfit for offshore work should be reassessed after an
appropriate length of time.
In some cases, on an individual basis, it may be possible to mitigate the risk to
a level which is deemed acceptable such that the individual may be allowed to
travel and work offshore. In all such cases, the condition and measures put in
place to mitigate the risk should be discussed and agreed with the operators
medical adviser. The individual should then be issued with an offshore fitness
certificate limited to travel to such installations as have been agreed with the
operating companys medical adviser.
To ensure uniformity of approach, in each of the following sections there is a
description of potential concerns related to that organ system followed by
guidance on assessing the individual and specific guidance on commonly
encountered conditions.
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2-1

2.1
Risk
Cardiovascular conditions may affect the following requirements and hence

examining doctors should focus on assessing that the individual:
Is able to carry out their normal assigned duties without compromise to the
Is able to escape from the platform or helicopter in event of an emergency
Is able to take part in offshore survival training
Requires no ongoing medical treatment which cannot be effectively
delivered in the offshore environment
Does not require treatment which has significant side effects incompatible
with offshore work
Poses no significant risk of sudden incapacitating illness requiring medical
intervention which cannot be delivered in the offshore environment
2.2
Assessment
In making an assessment it should be noted that cardiovascular disease is one

of the commonest causes of emergency evacuation from an offshore
installation. The individual must be assessed with regard to:
Exercise tolerance with specific reference to general mobility around the
platform (including climbing stairs), ability to perform normal job functions,
ability to respond to emergency situations and in particular to successfully
take part in evacuations
Risk of developing sudden life-threatening complications and the likelihood
of successful medical evacuation
Ability to take part in survival training including exposure to smoke-filled
environments, wearing smoke hoods and Breathing Apparatus (BA)
equipment, helicopter underwater escape training and use of underwater
rebreather equipment
Side effects of medication

2-2
Issue 6 March 2008

2.3
Notes on Specific Conditions
Ischaemic Heart Disease

Individuals with a history of myocardial ischaemia, including myocardial
infarction, angioplasty and Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG), must meet
the following criteria for the risk to be compatible with offshore work:
The examining doctor must obtain a report from the treating physician
The individual must have been free of cardiac symptoms for at least
3 months
The individual must undertake a Bruce Protocol exercise test and complete
Stage III without cardiac symptoms or signs of ischaemia
Initially, a certificate restricted to a maximum of one year should be issued, with
reassessment by a consultant in cardiology (including successful completion to
Stage III of the Bruce Protocol exercise test) at the end of this period.
Thereafter, the requirement for re-examination will be determined by
conducting a risk factor assessment which may take into account information
from specialist reports and/or the process described in Addendum 7 or 8.
A new assessment must be performed at each medical examination, the
results of which should be used to determine the timing and scope of the next
medical, together with any other clinical information the examining doctor
regards as relevant.
Cardiac Arrhythmias
If these produce symptoms, interfere with function, cause temporary
incapacitation or require anti-arrhythmic medication then expert cardiac opinion
must be obtained. The detail of the cardiology report must be considered when
assessing the resultant risk.
Pacemakers
For individuals with pacemakers it must be demonstrated that they are not
likely to suffer any significant symptoms related to the pacemaker. In addition,
it must be demonstrated that their pacemaker is not likely to be adversely
affected by electromagnetic energy likely to be encountered. Therefore the
examining doctor must have:
A written assessment from the employer/operator detailing the strength of
any magnetic field and circumstances with which the individual may come
into contact
A written statement from either the cardiologist or the technical
representative of the pacemaker manufacturer detailing the risks of
exposure to the magnetic field in the circumstances in which it may be
encountered
A cardiologists report confirming that the individual is free of syncope or
pre-syncope as a result of the pacemaker insertion
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A cardiologiss report confirming that the individual is experiencing no
complications related to the pacemaker insertion
Individuals with overdrive anti-tachycardia pacemakers or implantable
defibrillators must be assessed by a consultant cardiologist to confirm that
there is no risk of developing syncope
Individuals with pacemakers require annual review by a cardiologist to ensure
continued correct functioning of the device.
Hypertension
Hypertension would not normally give rise to a significant risk during work
offshore provided it is uncomplicated and well-controlled by treatment.
The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) Guidelines are a useful
reference for this condition and should be consulted for further guidance on
management.
In respect of work offshore, the following guides the appropriate course
of action:
Individuals with accelerated (malignant) hypertension (Blood Pressure (BP)
more than 180/110mmHg with signs of papilloedema and/or retinal
haemorrhage) or suspected phaeochromocytoma (possible signs include
labile or postural hypotension, headache, palpitations, pallor and
diaphoresis) should be referred immediately for investigation and treatment.
Certification of fitness should be deferred until the individual is stabilised on
appropriate treatment when a full certificate may be issued
All other individuals with blood pressure above 140/90 should be referred to
their GP for further investigation and treatment, where appropriate.
Uncomplicated hypertension is unlikely to be a reason for refusal to issue
a certificate of fitness although individuals may require short periods of
sickness absence while being stabilised on treatment
Congenital Heart Disease
Other than atrial septal defects or small ventricular septal defects with no
haemodynamic significance, all congenital heart disease must be individually
assessed by a cardiologist and the resulting report used in the risk assessment
process.
Valvular Heart Disease
In all cases of valvular heart disease, a cardiology report must be obtained in
order to fully understand the condition, its haemodynamic effects and impact
upon exercise tolerance.
Patients who remain on Warfarin may be at significant risk of prolonged
bleeding time associated with trauma and this must be factored into the risk
assessment process (refer to Paragraph 22 Medications (Warfarin)).

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Issue 6 March 2008

Peripheral Circulation
Individuals with Deep-vein Thrombosis (DVT) should be assessed with regard
to the risk of developing complications, particularly pulmonary embolism
and side effects of medications, such as anticoagulant regimes (refer to
Paragraph 22 Medications (Warfarin)).
Pulmonary Circulation
A history of more than one pulmonary embolism indicates a significant
underlying condition predisposing to further incidents. Therefore the examining
doctor must obtain a specialist report to determine the risk of recurrence.
Individuals with other than a low risk of recurrence will not be fit to return to
unrestricted work offshore.
Cerebro-vascular Disorders
Individuals who have suffered stroke due to occlusive vascular disease,
spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage, Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA) or
amaurosis fugax within the past 6 months should be considered at high risk
and therefore should not be allowed to work offshore. They may be
reconsidered after this time if there is a satisfactory clinical recovery with
particular respect to impaired limb function and cognitive defects. Individuals in
safety critical jobs may require more than 6 months post event before returning
to offshore work and may require more frequent review.
Diseases of the Nervous System

3.1
Risk
Nervous system conditions may affect the following requirements and hence
with offshore work
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2-5

3.2
Assessment
The individual must be assessed with regard to:

Potential for altered levels of consciousness
Changes in cognitive function, particularly memory and concentration
Loss of muscle power
Disturbances of balance or co-ordination
Disturbances of mobility causing impairment in ability to move around the
installation either during normal work or during emergencies
Loss of sensation causing functional deficit related to job requirements or
emergency evacuation
Reference should be made, where appropriate, to the specific notes below, but
individuals exhibiting significant problems in any of the above areas are unlikely
to be able to meet the requirements referred to above. The risks may, in certain
circumstances, be able to be mitigated sufficiently such that the individual may
be considered for travel to a specific, named location following discussion with
the employers and operators medical advisers.
3.3
Epilepsy
The diagnosis of epilepsy with persisting epileptic seizures of any type will
normally give a risk profile incompatible with unrestricted work offshore. Those
with a history of epilepsy but who are able to meet the criteria below may be
considered for offshore work.
For the purposes of an assessment of fitness for offshore work, individuals
should be categorised by their job function:
Category 1 individuals whose job function is such that sudden impairment
of consciousness may adversely affect the safety of, or result in serious
injury to or death of, either themselves or others. Examples of such job
functions include crane operators, rope access personnel, scaffolders and
drill crew
Category 2 all other individuals
In making an assessment of fitness for work the examining doctor must have:
A written statement from the employer determining which of the above
categories the individual is in
A report from the individuals GP and/or specialist in order to verify the
medical history and establish facts on which the individual risk assessment
can be based

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Based on this:
Category 1 occupations require the individual to have been seizure-free for
the last 10 years without taking anti-convulsant medication during that
period or have an assessed risk of further seizures of less than 2%
Category 2 occupations must be:
- Seizure-free for a minimum of 6 months, whether taking medication or
not. Individuals who stop medication must demonstrate a seizure-free
period of 6 months before returning to offshore work
- If taking medication, free from significant side effects
- If taking medication, demonstrate from the GP/specialist report that they
have no indications of subtherapeutic levels on clinical monitoring (where
appropriate), nor any indication of poor compliance with treatment
For alcohol-related seizures, individuals in Category 2 must be seizure-free (by
day and night) and off all medication for at least 6 months before returning to
any offshore employment. Those in increased risk (ie Category 1) occupations
must be seizure-free for a minimum period of 2 years by day and night and off
all medication. Individuals must also be in full compliance with the requirements
of Paragraph 5.
Following significant head injury or cranial surgery, and when there have been
no epileptic seizures, the risk of post-surgical or post-injury epilepsy must be
low (normally accepted to mean as being below 2%) in Category 1 occupations
(see above). For Category 2 occupations, if the risk cannot be determined to be
less than 2%, individuals may be considered fit after a minimum seizure-free
period of 6 months. Individuals stopping prophylactic anticonvulsant medication
must either have a risk less than 2% or demonstrate a seizure-free period of
6 months after stopping medication. Specialist neurological opinion should be
obtained in all cases.
Single Seizure
The above guidelines for epilepsy should also be followed for individuals who
have suffered a single seizure but for whom a diagnosis of epilepsy has not
been made.
Loss of Consciousness/Altered Level of Awareness
Individuals must be fully investigated by an appropriate specialist in all cases.
Where a specific underlying cause is found, reference should be made to
the appropriate section of the guidance, otherwise the individual may be
considered for offshore work after 6 months if there has been no further
recurrence.
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2-7

Chronic Neurological Disorders
Individuals with conditions such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinsons disease,
motor neurone disease and other disorders of muscle and movement should
be assessed with regard to the factors described above. Those with mild or
predominantly sensory symptoms are likely to be at minimal risk and therefore
may be fit for offshore work. More severely affected individuals may be fit to
travel to specific, named locations if specific measures can be put in place to
mitigate the risk to a level deemed acceptable by the operating companys
medical adviser. An increased frequency of medical review may be
appropriate, dependent on the rate of progression.
Migraine
The majority of cases are straightforward in symptomatology and treatment,
and are unlikely to give rise to an unacceptable risk for offshore work. Some
more severe cases may result in episodic protracted incapacity or unusual
neurological features. In such cases, examining doctors must obtain a
neurological report confirming the condition and optimum treatment to enable
an informed risk assessment to be made.
Narcolepsy/Sleep Disorders
It is likely that individuals with unpredictable drowsiness during periods of
normal wakefulness, as a result of narcolepsy/sleep disorders, will pose a risk
incompatible with offshore work. Individuals who have been successfully
treated for such conditions may be fit, but a specialist report is required
providing objective evidence of the success of such treatment.
Psychiatric Disorders
4.1
Risk
Psychiatric conditions may affect the following requirements and hence

Poses no significant risk to others on the installation by virtue of any
underlying disease
with offshore work

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4.2
Assessment
In assessing individuals with psychiatric disorders, examining doctors must

consider the potential for exacerbation or precipitation of the condition by
factors such as the remote location of offshore installations, the possible social
isolation, disruption of normal social patterns, the impact of shift working and
the potential for perception of the environment as being stressful in some
individuals.
Examining doctors should make clinical assessment of the functional effect of
symptoms of the condition such as:
Mood
Memory
Concentration
Agitation
Psychotic symptoms
Behavioural disturbance
Reference should be made, where appropriate, to the specific notes below but
individuals exhibiting significant problems in any of the areas above are likely
to pose a risk which would be incompatible with unrestricted offshore work.
They may, in certain circumstances, be considered for travel to a specific,
named location following discussion with the employers and operators medical
adviser.
4.3
Mild Anxiety or Depressive Disorders

When assessing the risk of mild anxiety or depressive disorders, the examining
doctor must be satisfied that the individual has no significant memory or
concentration problems, no suicidal thoughts, no behavioural disturbance or
agitation and that workplace factors will not exacerbate the condition. If the
individual is on medication, the examining doctor should be satisfied that they
are stable on medication and not suffering from significant side effects.
More Severe Anxiety or Depressive Disorders
If the individual is exhibiting memory or concentration problems, has
behavioural disturbances, agitation or suicidal thoughts, the risk is likely to
be high enough to be incompatible with offshore work until stabilised on
medication.
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Psychoses (including Bipolar Disease and Schizophrenic Disorders)
The risks associated with acute psychotic episodes are incompatible with
offshore work. Following treatment and recovery, the examining doctor must,
in all cases, obtain a specialist report to confirm that the individual:
Has made a good functional recovery
Has insight into their problem
Is fully adherent to the agreed treatment plan
Is fully engaged with medical services
Is free from any significant adverse effects of medication (eg effects on
alertness, concentration, motor performance)
Has a low risk of recurrence
All cases must be discussed and agreed with the employers and operating
companys medical adviser before being allowed to travel and work offshore.
The risk associated with individuals who have exhibited extreme violent
tendencies in the past is unlikely to be compatible with offshore work.
Personality and Behavioural Disorders
The risk associated with those personality and behavioural disorders which are
characterised by violence or serious anti-social behaviour is unlikely to be
compatible with offshore work.
Developmental Disorders (including Aspergers Syndrome, Autism and
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
Individuals need to be assessed with regard to impulsivity and lack of
awareness of the effects of their behaviour on others. These risks may be
significant such that they are incompatible with the safety requirements of
offshore work or the ability to live in a community.
Other Psychological Disorders
Such as eating disorders, phobias and childhood behaviour disorders
(including post head injury syndrome and non-epileptic seizure disorder) should
be assessed individually with respect to the requirements listed above to
determine the individual risk profile. Examining doctors should obtain a
psychiatric report if unable to accurately assess the risk.

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Alcohol Dependence
5.1
Risk
Alcohol-related conditions may affect the following requirements and hence

underlying disease
5.2
Assessment
Examining doctors should be aware that employers or operators may have

specific alcohol abuse policies which should be referred to in addition to this
guidance as appropriate.
Individuals who have a physical dependence on alcohol will not be fit to work
offshore until it can be demonstrated that such dependence is under control.
In making such determination, the examining physician must confirm
compliance with the following:
(1)
The individual must have completed a recognised initial alcohol treatment

programme
(2)
The individual must be participating in and responding to an ongoing

alcohol rehabilitation programme
(3)
The examining doctor must obtain a report from the individuals treating
healthcare professional(s)
(4)
The individual must have evidence of an improving trend of liver function

test results and MCV
(5)
The examining doctor must make enquiries to determine continued

compliance with established treatment goals
(6)
The certificate should be restricted to a maximum of 3 months during the

initial 12 months following treatment
(7)
The certificate should be restricted to a maximum of 6 months during the

following 12 months
(8)
At each review, the examining doctor must confirm continued compliance

with items 2, 4 and 5 above
Individuals who have suffered an alcohol withdrawal induced fit should be

assessed in accordance with the guidance given in Paragraph 3.
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Drug Abuse
6.1
Risk
Drug abuse may affect the following requirements and hence examining
doctors should focus on assessing that the individual:
underlying disease
6.2
Assessment
Examining doctors should be aware that employers or operators may have

specific drug abuse policies which should be referred to in addition to this
guidance as appropriate.
Individuals who are demonstrated, by any means, to be actively misusing
illegal or prescription drugs will not be fit for offshore work.
Prior to return to work offshore, the examining physician must ensure that the
following criteria are met:
If the individual is dependent on drugs then they must have completed a
drug abuse treatment programme
Where appropriate, the individual must participate in and respond to an
ongoing drug rehabilitation programme
healthcare professional(s)
The individual must be able to provide evidence of completion of a
programme of unannounced/random drug screening of a minimum 3 months
duration, during which they have had no positive drug screens and at least
three negative tests (refer to Addendum 9)
The certificate should be restricted to a maximum of 3 months for the initial
12 months
The individual must remain in an ongoing unannounced/random testing
programme for 2 years. A positive drug test result during this period will
result in a review of the individuals ongoing fitness

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Respiratory System
7.1
Risk
Respiratory conditions may affect the following requirements and hence

7.2
Assessment
In assessing the impact of respiratory disease on an individuals ability to work

offshore, the examining physician should consider the following:
ability to respond to emergency situations and in particular successfully take
part in evacuations
environments, wearing smoke hoods and BA equipment, helicopter
underwater escape training and use of underwater rebreather equipment
Consideration of potential exposure to respiratory irritants and sensitisers
7.3
Asthma
The British Thoracic Society guidelines provide detailed guidance on the
management of asthma which should be used by examining doctors to assess
the severity of asthma and adequacy of control. The following guidance should
be used by examining doctors when assessing the risk:
Resolved childhood asthma does not present a significant risk
For the risk profile to be compatible with offshore work, the examining doctor
must ensure that the individual has:
- Infrequent, non-disabling episodes
- Normal exercise tolerance
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- Absence of hospitalising episodes
- Good knowledge and awareness of illness with the ability to modify own
treatment as necessary
- Symptoms which do not require high dose inhaled or oral steroids
Individuals not meeting these criteria will require a specialist report to fully
assess the situation and should not be issued with a certificate of fitness
without discussion with the operating companys medical adviser
Pneumothorax
The examining doctor must obtain a specialist report to determine the risk of
recurrence. Individuals with other than a low risk of recurrence will not be fit to
return to unrestricted work offshore.
Obstructive or Restrictive Pulmonary Disease
Conditions such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and any other pulmonary
disease causing significant disability or recurring illness, such as bronchiectasis
should be assessed using standard spirometry measurements.
Individuals with an FEV1 >60% of predicted values and an FVC >75% of
predicted values are likely to have sufficient pulmonary reserve to meet the
requirements of offshore travel and work.
For individuals who do not meet this standard the examining doctor should, by
practical functional assessment, ensure that the individual is able to perform his
normal work duties and has the capacity to respond in a platform emergency
and evacuation.
Endocrine Disorders
8.1
Risk
Endocrine conditions may affect the following requirements and hence

Is fit to carry out their normal assigned duties without risk to themselves
or others
Is fit to escape from the platform in event of an emergency
Requires no ongoing medical treatment which would not be able to be
effectively delivered in the offshore environment
with offshore work
Poses no significant risk of sudden illness requiring medical intervention
which cannot be delivered in the offshore environment

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8.2
Assessment
In assessing the impact of endocrine disease on an individuals ability to work

offshore, the examining physician should consider the following:
environments, wearing smoke hoods and BA equipment, helicopter
underwater escape training and use of underwater rebreather equipment
The requirements for lone working, safety critical work and shift work
The effects of any chronic complications such as visual field defects, muscle
weakness, mental disturbances such as anxiety, depression or mania
8.3
Non-insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) (Type II)

Individuals with NIDDM should be assessed with regard to:
Risk of hypoglycaemic attack
Presence of complications which may affect mobility or ability to respond in
emergency situations
An increased frequency of medical examination may be appropriate to ensure
regular review of the overall condition and specifically those issues above.
If the individual has secondary complications of their diabetes, these must be
assessed under the relevant criteria for that condition.
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) (Type I)
The risks associated with IDDM are not compatible with unrestricted fitness to
work on the UKCS. However, an individual may be considered for restricted
certification of fitness to work offshore if the following requirements are met:
physician
The individual must have had good control of their diabetes as defined by
accepted clinical criteria for a minimum of the prior 6 months
The individual must be able to self-manage their insulin requirements
The examining doctor must satisfy himself that the individual does not suffer
from hypoglycaemia unawareness
If the individual has secondary complications of their diabetes, these must
be assessed under the relevant criteria for that condition
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The operators medical adviser must be consulted regarding the individual
case and must agree with the proposal to allow the individual to work on
the installation
The installation Medic must be competent in the management of diabetic
emergencies
There must be a supply of glucagon and intravenous dextrose on board
the platform
Certification must be restricted to named platform(s)
Certification must be restricted to a maximum of 1 year
All individuals with IDDM working offshore must be reviewed at least annually
to ensure control remains acceptable and the above stipulations continue to
be met.
Obesity
9.1
Risk
Obesity may affect the following requirements and hence examining doctors
should focus on assessing that the individual:
9.2
Assessment
The individual must be assessed solely with regard to their fitness and
capability to perform the duties required. Although obesity may predispose to
conditions such as cardiovascular disease or diabetes, the presence of obesity
as a risk factor should not be considered unless such co-morbidity is
demonstrably present.
In most obese individuals the limiting factor relating to fitness for offshore work
is likely to relate to safety rather than medical issues. Therefore, individuals
with a BMI less than 40 are likely to be fit for unrestricted offshore work unless
there is significant co-morbidity or disability present.
For all individuals, but particularly for those with a BMI greater than 40, the
examining doctor must determine that the individual has an appropriate level of
physical fitness:
To adequately perform his normal job functions
For general mobility around the platform (including climbing stairs)
To respond to emergency situations and in particular successfully take part
in evacuations without compromising either their own safety or that of others

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Issue 6 March 2008

In addition, all individuals with a BMI greater than 40 must be able to provide
written confirmation from either their employer or the operating company to
whose platform they intend to travel that he/she can:
Escape from a helicopter through a standard sized escape hatch
Don and fasten standard Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) approved and
marine issue lifejackets over a survival suit
Sit in a standard helicopter seat and fasten a three-point harness
Comply with any other specific requirements of the employing or operating
company
Examining doctors must not issue any certificate of fitness until such written
confirmation is provided and may consider it necessary to issue a time
restricted certificate if there are co-existing medical issues.
Should any additional weight increase be noted at subsequent assessments,
the individual must provide further written confirmation that he/she can meet
the above criteria and, in any event, such confirmation will be required at a
maximum of 4-yearly intervals.
10 Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System

10.1 Risk
Gastrointestinal system conditions may affect the following requirements and
hence examining doctors should focus on assessing that the individual:
10.2 Assessment
Clinical assessment of any gastrointestinal system disturbance should consider
the impact of the condition on an individuals function as well as any medication
taken. In particular, the examining physician should consider the following:
The risk the individual may develop sudden life-threatening complications
such as acute bleeding, perforation or obstruction
The effects of chronic complications such as anaemia, fistulae or
malabsorption syndromes
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Peptic Ulceration
The risks associated with active peptic ulcer disease are unacceptable for
offshore work. Where there is a past history of ulceration, an individual may be
deemed fit for work offshore provided that the examining physician is satisfied
that the risk of recurrence or complications is reduced to a minimum by the use
of appropriate treatment. For risks to be considered acceptable, the individual
must be asymptomatic and, if required, be on maintenance acid suppression
therapy and/or have undergone successful helicobacter eradication therapy.
Oesophagitis and Gastritis
Oesophagitis and gastritis are unlikely to cause significant complications,
hence the risk should be considered low and individuals are acceptable on
appropriate treatment. Other non-specific upper GI disorders including
dyspepsia and diaphragmatic hernia are unlikely to give rise to significant risk
provided they are non-disabling and the physician is satisfied they are not
indicative of a more serious underlying disorder.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Inflammatory bowel disease is unacceptable in the acute phases until the
individual is stable and controlled on medication compatible with offshore
work. Where the condition is in remission and symptoms are under control
the individual may be fit for return to offshore work if, following consultation with
the treating specialist, the risk of sudden disabling relapse is considered to
be minimal.
Hernia
Hernia should be assessed with regard to the risk of strangulation and its
effects on an individuals ability to carry out their normal assigned tasks. Those
considered to be of high risk of strangulation are unacceptable until surgically
repaired. Those with hernia of low risk who are assessed as able to carry out
their normal assigned tasks should be given a time restricted certificate while
awaiting surgical assessment and repair if appropriate.
Haemorrhoids, Fistulae and Fissures
Haemorrhoids, fistulae and fissures are unlikely to cause significant risk unless
causing sufficient pain as to limit an individuals mobility and ability to perform
their duties. Perianal abscess will normally cause acute pain and require
treatment before being compatible with offshore work.

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Issue 6 March 2008

Uncomplicated Stoma
Uncomplicated stoma will not normally give rise to significant risk but the
examining physician should be satisfied that the underlying cause is compatible
with offshore work and that the personal management of the condition is
acceptable within the confines of the offshore community.
Liver Diseases
Liver diseases where the condition is serious or progressive and/or where
complications such as oesophageal varices or ascites are present will give rise
to an unacceptable level of risk. Those with chronic active hepatitis requiring
Interferon need to be carefully assessed with regard to the potential side
effects of treatment. Assessment of all individuals with a significant history of
liver disease should include an update from their clinical specialist and a recent
(within 3 months) Prothrombin time.
Chronic or Recurring Pancreatitis
Chronic or recurring pancreatitis should be assessed regarding the length of
periods of remission and frequency of acute attacks. The risks in individuals
suffering frequent attacks requiring strong analgesia are not compatible with
offshore work.
11 Musculoskeletal Conditions
11.1 Risk
Musculoskeletal conditions may affect the following requirements and hence
with offshore work
11.2 Assessment
Irrespective of pathology, all musculoskeletal disorders should be assessed
according to the following criteria:
Locomotor function
Balance and co-ordination
Stability of joints and risk of subluxation or dislocation
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Ability to don and wear a survival suit

Joint Replacements
Joint replacements pose no significant risk so long as the individual can meet
the mobility requirements and there is low risk of dislocation.
Limb Prostheses
Limb prostheses pose no significant risk so long as an individual can meet the
mobility requirements of offshore life. Arrangements for fitting the prosthesis in
an emergency must be considered.
12 Skin
12.1 Risk
Dermatological conditions may affect the following requirements and hence
with offshore work
12.2 Assessment
Individuals with skin disorders should be assessed with regard to:
The effects the condition may have on an individuals ability to perform their
duties, including potential sleep disturbance and possible fatigue
Compatibility of offshore rotational duties with treatment regimes
The probability of exposure to substances which may act as allergens or
irritants should be understood and taken into account when making the
assessment

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Issue 6 March 2008

Psoriasis
Psoriasis which is well-controlled by topical medication poses no significant
risk. Assessment of more serious disease requiring inpatient treatment and
chemotherapy should include the compatibility of offshore rotational duties with
treatment regimes. Psoriatic arthropathy should be assessed according to its
effect on musculoskeletal function.
Dermatitis
Accurate assessment may require specialist referral and patch testing, the
results of which should be taken into account in the risk assessment process.
Offshore working will normally be possible with appropriate use of Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE) to mitigate the risk.
13 Genitourinary System
13.1 Risk
Genitourinary conditions may affect the following requirements and hence
with offshore work
13.2 Assessment
A history of a short-term illness will usually present no difficulties for offshore
work but chronic or recurrent disease should be carefully considered with
particular reference to:
Risk of developing disabling or life-threatening complications
Chronic or secondary effects of the disease such as anaemia, lethargy,
osteoporosis
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Renal Calculi
Following an episode of renal colic, the individual requires assessment with
regard to the risk of recurrence. A specialist report should be obtained where
appropriate. Only individuals with low risk of recurrence should be considered
for unrestricted offshore work. Individuals with high risk of recurrence should be
discussed with the employers and operating companys medical adviser with
regard to the acceptability of the increased risk of medivac.
Chronic Renal Disease
In addition to considering the chronic effects of the disease on the individuals
ability to work offshore, the examining doctor should also obtain a specialist
report to determine the risk of developing acute renal failure.
Haematuria
Asymptomatic haematuria may be found on routine urinalysis at the medical
examination. Although this will usually require further investigation to determine
the underlying pathology, the examining doctor should make an adequate
risk assessment with regard to the factors above to determine the fitness of
the individual to continue working offshore pending further investigation.
Dependent upon the outcome of the risk assessment the issue of a full,
restricted or failure certificate may be appropriate.
14 Diseases of Blood or Blood Forming Organs

14.1 Risk
Haematological conditions may affect the following requirements and hence
with offshore work

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Issue 6 March 2008

14.2 Assessment
Individuals with haematological disease should be assessed with particular
reference to the following:
ability to respond to emergency situations and in particular successfully take
part in evacuations
Ability to take part in survival training including cold water immersion,
helicopter underwater escape training and use of underwater rebreather
equipment
Due to the complex nature of haematological disease, examining doctors
should consider obtaining a specialist opinion before issuing or refusing
certification. In chronic conditions, it is frequently inappropriate to issue a
certificate of normal duration and the use of restricted duration certificates
is appropriate to permit active monitoring of the individuals condition and
continuing fitness for work.

Anaemia
Anaemia should be assessed with regard to the underlying cause as well as
any specific symptoms related to the anaemia.
Thalassaemia Trait and Sickle Cell Trait
Thalassaemia trait and sickle cell trait are unlikely to pose significant risk for
offshore work. However, the symptoms associated with Thalassaemia Major
and Sickle Cell Disease are likely to give significant risk and cases should be
considered individually in conjunction with the employers and operators
medical adviser.
Polycythaemia
Primary polycythaemia (Polycythaemia Rubra Vera) is normally asymptomatic
and, provided the individual is receiving appropriate treatment, it is unlikely to
pose significant risk. In secondary polycythaemia the causative condition is
likely to be the limiting factor and full assessment of this should be made.
Haemophilia and Other Bleeding Disorders
Must be assessed with regard to the risk of acute bleeding offshore and the
availability of appropriate treatment offshore. A specialist report and discussion
with the operators medical adviser will always be required.
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15 Organ Transplants
15.1 Risk
Organ transplants may affect the following requirements and hence examining
with offshore work
Organ Transplant
Organ transplant in itself will not be a bar to offshore work provided the organ is
functioning adequately but this will need to be assessed with particular regard
to the potential complications and side effects of medication.
16 Malignant Neoplasms
16.1 Risk
Malignant neoplasm may affect the following requirements and hence
with offshore work

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Issue 6 March 2008

16.2 Assessment
Assessment of an individual with malignancy should consider both the effect of
the neoplasm on the individuals function and the effect of any treatment. In all
cases, the following should be considered:
The nature and location of the neoplasm and any disability caused
The likelihood of sudden complication such as haemorrhage, seizure or
sudden loss of consciousness
The compatibility of treatment programmes with offshore rotation patterns
Side effects and other complications of treatment
The psychological impact of the illness and availability of appropriate
support
It will normally be appropriate to issue a restricted duration certificate during the
initial phases of the disease process in order to provide appropriate review of
the condition. Individuals in remission should be issued with certificates based
on the length of remission and requirements for clinical follow-up.
17 Infectious Diseases
17.1 Risk
Infectious disease may affect the following requirements and hence examining
Poses no significant risk to the safety or health of others on the installation
by virtue of any underlying medical condition
17.2 Assessment
Individuals suffering from minor infectious disease should not be refused a
certificate of fitness. However, all individuals should be restricted from travel
offshore during the active stages of an infectious disease if there is significant
risk of spread within the offshore community.
Catering staff require special consideration to exclude acute or chronic disease
involving the gastrointestinal tract, chest, ear, nose, throat and skin due to the
risk of food-borne spread of the disease. (Refer to Section 3 Paragraph 3
Catering Crews.)
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Individuals suffering from chronic communicable disease should be assessed
to determine:
The risk of transmission to other individuals
Any effects of the condition which may adversely affect the individuals
ability to perform their duties or effectively participate in emergency
evacuation
The requirements for long-term therapy and side effects of such therapy

Open Pulmonary Tuberculosis
The risk posed to others by individuals with active pulmonary tuberculosis
is not compatible with offshore work. Once an individual is being treated,
examining doctors must obtain a specialist report to confirm that they are no
longer infectious and that they are not suffering from significant treatment side
effects.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome (AIDS)
A diagnosis of HIV positive need not debar from employment. Individuals with
AIDS-related illness should be assessed with regard to the specific functional
effects and the risks associated with such illness and its treatment.
18 Ear, Nose and Throat

18.1 Risk
Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) conditions may affect the following requirements
and hence examining doctors should focus on assessing that the individual:
18.2 Assessment
Conditions of the ear, nose and throat can impact on an individuals ability to
perform safely in a working environment. The functional impact on the
individuals ability to hear and communicate as well as any impact on balance
must be assessed, in addition to considering any underlying pathological
process.

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Hearing
If an individual requires a hearing aid for normal conversational speech then
the examining doctor must obtain confirmation that they are able to hear
essential safety announcements in flight or on board a platform without a
hearing aid.
Note: Hearing aids must be certified as intrinsically safe.
Balance
Where an individual has a history of a balance disorder sufficient to affect
normal movement around the platform or impair ability to take part in
emergency evacuation procedures, they should be considered unfit for offshore
working until such time as symptoms have resolved or are controlled by
medication.
19 Eyes
19.1 Risk
Ophthalmological conditions may affect the following requirements and hence
19.2 Assessment
Visual Acuity
Visual acuity adequate to permit the individual to mobilise and work safely in
the offshore environment is essential and should be confirmed at each medical
examination. Any eye disease or visual defect rendering, or likely to render the
applicant incapable of carrying out job duties efficiently and safely, gives rise to
an unacceptable risk.
Corrected visual acuity must be sufficient to perform normal work duties.
In addition, individuals should have an uncorrected visual acuity sufficient to
permit emergency mobilisation around a location. Individuals with an acuity
of at least 6/60 will normally meet this requirement. For individuals with an
uncorrected acuity less than this the examining doctor must satisfy himself, by
practical testing, that they have a sufficient acuity to effectively mobilise around
the platform and escape in case of emergency without the use of corrective
spectacles.
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Monocular Vision
Monocular vision is acceptable provided the above minimum standard of acuity
is met and the individual shows appropriate adaptation to the loss of binocular
vision.
Diplopia
Diplopia may pose a safety hazard and requires assessment in conjunction
with the employers and operators medical adviser.
Visual Fields
Individuals with significant field deficits should undergo a practical
determination of their ability to perform their normal job function and ability to
evacuate the platform in an emergency.
Colour Vision
Colour vision is only required for specialist tasks such as electrical work and
need not be assessed unless specifically required for this purpose or a similar
colour-dependent task.
20 Dental Health
20.1 Risk
Dental conditions may affect the following requirements and hence examining
20.2 Assessment
Dental problems are a frequent cause of medivac from offshore, causing
significant disruption to platform operations. Consequently, a dental screening
process is an important part of the offshore fitness for work certification
process. The examining physician must make specific examination of the oral
cavity to determine that the candidate is free from:
Bleeding gums or periodontal disease
Broken teeth exposing root canals
Large missing fillings

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If the examiner thinks that there is sufficient dental pathology to present a risk
of acute dental pain requiring emergency treatment, then certification of fitness
for offshore work should be withheld pending a dental opinion and treatment
if necessary.
Individuals medivaced for dental reasons must have a letter from a treating
dentist confirming resolution of the dental pathology before they are considered
fit to return offshore.
21 Allergies and Anaphylaxis

21.1 Risk
Allergies and consequent anaphylactoid reactions may affect the following
requirements and hence examining doctors should focus on assessing that the
individual:
with offshore work
21.2 Assessment
Individuals with diagnosed allergies cover a wide range of allergens and
potential reactions. In making an assessment the examining physician should
therefore consider the following:
The nature of the allergen, the likelihood of exposure offshore and the
potential for preventing exposure
The nature and severity of the reaction
The frequency of attacks and time since last attack
The medication required and the ability of the individual to self-administer
Issue 6 March 2008

2-29

21.3 Specific Conditions
Nut Allergy
Although there are significant potential risks associated with nut allergy, it need
not always be a bar to offshore work. Many individuals have a diagnosis made
on the basis of a single episode and suffer no further reactions. If an individual
needs to carry an Epipen, Anapen or similar device, examining doctors should
note these have a relatively short shelf life and should check to ensure that
the individuals device remains in date at each review. It is essential that in all
cases where an individual plans to travel offshore and needs to carry an
Epipen, Anapen or similar device there is full prior discussion and agreement
with the operating companys medical adviser and that the installation Medic is
made aware of this. Examining doctors should be aware of the particular issues
relating to nut allergy in individuals with concomitant asthma and always obtain
a specialist report in such cases.
22 Medications
Individuals taking regular medication either prescription or non-prescription
(including Chinese herbal and health supplements) should be assessed with
regard to:
The nature of the underlying condition, whether this is fully controlled by the
medication or whether there are residual symptoms which may affect the
individuals fitness to work offshore (refer to notes under the relevant
category)
The nature of any side effects, paying particular attention to altered levels
of consciousness, impairment of memory, concentration or alertness or
extrapyramidal side effects
The nature of any therapeutic or side effects which may result in a medical
emergency (eg prolonged bleeding time leading to haemorrhage), the ability
of the installation to deal with such emergency and likelihood of successful
evacuation
Issues surrounding compliance in taking medication and the likely effects of
sudden withdrawal
Individuals with significant issues in any of the above categories will not
normally be fit for unrestricted offshore work but may be considered for travel
to specific installations following discussion with the medical adviser of the
employer and operator.

2-30
Issue 6 March 2008

22.1 Specific Considerations for Medication
Warfarin
If an individual is taking Warfarin and the underlying condition does not
preclude them from offshore work then the following considerations should be
taken into account when deciding whether an individual is fit for offshore work:
The nature of work must present a low risk of acute injury
The INR must have been stable for a minimum of 1 month
The dose of Warfarin must have been stable for a minimum of 1 month
The operating companys medical adviser may wish to consider the need for
use of a near patient test system where there is any doubt over the stability
of the individuals long-term control
The platform Medic must be aware of the medication and competent in the
management of a Warfarin induced bleeding emergency
The platform Medic must have a supply of intravenous vitamin K1 on board
Tranquilisers and Hypnotics
Both tranquilisers and hypnotics may cause side effects such as drowsiness,
impaired alertness, impaired dexterity and confusion. Hypnotics are particularly
prone to hangover effects whereby adverse effects of the drug are still present
for some time after the therapeutic effect has worn off. Individuals taking these
classes of drug will therefore not normally be fit for unrestricted offshore work.
Rarely, individuals taking tranquilisers in whom objective testing demonstrates
minimal side effects may be considered fit for restricted offshore work following
discussion with the operating companys medical adviser.
Hypnotic use should only be considered in exceptional circumstances and
subject to the following criteria:
Medication to be taken under the direct supervision of the Medic
Individual must have no emergency role on the installation
The OIM must be aware that an individual has been administered
medication which may affect his ability to respond during a platform
emergency
Another individual must be tasked with assisting the individual in the case of
platform emergency to ensure the correct muster procedure
Issue 6 March 2008

2-31

Immunosuppressants
Immunosuppressant drugs may be used for a variety of reasons including
suppression of rejection following organ transplant, the treatment of a range of
autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohns disease, ulcerative
colitis and the treatment of some non-autoimmune diseases such as asthma
and eczema. In determining the fitness of an individual to work offshore the
examining doctor must:
Assess the underlying disease process according to the criteria in the
appropriate section of the guidance
Assess the likelihood of the drug to increase susceptibility to infection, which
may be dependent on both dose and class of drug prescribed
Assess the risk of other side effects such as hypertension, hyperglycaemia,
peptic ulceration, hepatic and renal damage
Consider treatment and monitoring regime compatibility with offshore work
rotas
22.2 General Considerations for Medication

All medication (both prescription and non-prescription) must be reported to
the offshore Medic on arrival at a platform or location
All offshore workers must take sufficient medication for their requirements
for the duration of their trip plus a small contingency supply in the event of a
location becoming fog bound
Unidentified substances such as Chinese herbal medications, dietary
supplements or similar are liable to confiscation by security under the
industry substance abuse control measures. Where these substances are
being legitimately used, the individual should carry appropriate identification
and prescription details to verify legal and appropriate use thereof

2-32
Issue 6 March 2008

Section 3
Paragraph
Page
Pregnancy and Offshore Work
3-1
Emergency Response Teams

2.1 Introduction
2.2 Medical Fitness Standards
2.3 Aerobic Capacity Standards
2.4 Frequency of Assessment
2.5 Roles and Responsibilities
2.6 Certification of Fitness for ERT Duties
2.7 Implementation
2.8 Voluntary Physical Fitness Programme
2.9 Notes to Examiners
3-2
3-2
3-3
3-5
3-5
3-5
3-5
3-6
3-7
3-7
Catering Crews
3-7
Crane Operators
3-8
Air Crew and Commercial Divers
3-9
Issue 6 March 2008

3-i/ii

Pregnancy and Offshore Work

The purpose of the Oil & Gas UK medical guidelines is to protect individuals
and employers from predictable medical emergencies which may arise in an
isolated location. Oil & Gas UK clearly recognises that pregnancy is not
a medical condition and is a normal physiological state. It is, however,
appropriate to consider any additional medical risks faced by the pregnant
worker in an offshore environment. The employer of any employee who wishes
to work offshore whilst pregnant should conduct a risk assessment and discuss
the findings with the employee. On the basis of the consideration of this risk, a
decision about the suitability of offshore working whilst pregnant should be
recorded in writing. Factors to be considered during this risk assessment
include:
Previous obstetric history, particularly any risk factors or history of ectopic
pregnancy, hyperemesis, pre-eclampsia, premature labour or pregnancy
induced diabetes
Any relevant medical conditions which may complicate pregnancy including
endocrine disease, cardiovascular disease or epilepsy
Proposed location and means of medivac should this be necessary
The nature of the work and potential for exposure to physical, biological or
chemical agents which could be harmful to the foetus
The need for regular clinical review of the employee and any additional
logistical requirements this imposes
Contraindications to working offshore whilst pregnant include:
Active complication of current pregnancy including threatened miscarriage
and hyperemesis
Any concomitant complicating medical condition such as cardiac disease or
diabetes which would preclude offshore work when assessed under the
relevant section above
After a risk assessment it may be reasonable to consider offshore working but
in all cases the following must be satisfied:
The pregnancy has been assessed by a physician as low risk and confirmed
at ultrasound as intrauterine
The employee understands and accepts the additional risks entailed in
working offshore whilst pregnant
The operators medical adviser has been informed and agrees to offshore
working for the named worker
Issue 6 March 2008

3-1

Emergency Response Teams

2.1
Introduction
Duty holders are required to have arrangements in place to provide for an

effective response in the event of an offshore emergency. This is achieved by a
series of measures summarised in the Safety Case and includes preventive
and reactive measures.
One element of the response is a trained Emergency Response Team (ERT),
some of whom will have a range of duties including firefighting, assisting with a
controlled platform evacuation and casualty search and rescue.
Participation in emergency response could require engaging in significant
physical activity suddenly and without warning, working in a variety of
potentially stressful environmental conditions, sometimes with long hours and
extended physical demands in situations significantly beyond the individuals
routine job duties.
The roles of some of the ERT members will involve wearing protective clothing
and breathing apparatus that further add to the physical load. Such activities
are likely to put additional physiological burdens on the individual and therefore
require higher standards of medical fitness.
Some designated team members will have sedentary functions such as Radio
Operator and Control Room Operator and would not require this higher
standard of physical fitness beyond the standard Oil & Gas UK medical
assessment.
Because the duties required of ERT members may involve a higher level of
physical exertion than that required in their normal job function, employers
need to establish that such individuals will be physically capable of carrying out
such duties.
Oil & Gas UK therefore recommend that ERT members tasked with physically
strenuous activities undergo regular:
Medical Examination
Aerobic Capacity Assessment
Medical Examination
A medical evaluation should be conducted to ensure that the individual does
not have a medical or physical condition that would preclude them from safely
performing the essential job functions, and is able to safely complete the
essential physical requirements of their emergency response role.
The examination requires the attainment of standards specific to the ERT
function, as described in Paragraph 2.2.

3-2
Issue 6 March 2008

ERT members will be required to undergo aerobic capacity assessment to
ensure they have the stamina to engage in sudden and sustained physical
activity. The standards are related to the physical requirements of the various
emergency responder groups related to the risk-assessment for each
installation or location.
The standards detailed in Paragraph 2.3 relate to those required for
installations or locations using fixed firefighting apparatus. For other types of
firefighting on installations or locations whose risk assessment identifies more
extensive response, a higher aerobic capacity standard will be required to
match the essential physical requirements of each role.
2.2
Medical Fitness Standards
Examining doctors must satisfy themselves that the individual does not have
any medical condition which is likely to impair his ability to perform the
essential duties required for their emergency response role, and that the
performance of such duties is unlikely to have a significant adverse effect on
the medical condition. The examining physician should, in particular, consider
the following when making their assessment:
Respiratory Function
All emergency response team members who may wear BA must have their
respiratory function tested and meet the minimum standards as defined in the
IP Standards Guidance for Physicians for Respiratory Protective Equipment
(RPE) Use and specifically:
Measured FEV1 and FVC must be 80% of predicted values. Measured
FEV1/FVC ratio must be at least 70%
Any form of cardiac pathology including dysfunction or myocardial insufficiency
will normally render an individual unacceptable for ERT duty. Mild
hypertension, controlled if necessary by medication, may be acceptable
providing the medication does not limit exercise tolerance.
Note that the use of some drugs, for example beta blockers, may interfere with
the standard evaluation of cardiovascular aerobic function and therefore
alternative methods may need to be considered (refer to Paragraph 2.7).
Nervous System
A history of epilepsy, recurrent impaired consciousness, vertigo or impaired
co-ordination is unacceptable for ERT members.
Issue 6 March 2008

3-3

Psychological Disorders
Phobic anxiety relating to heights or confined spaces is unacceptable.
Evidence of current alcohol and or substance abuse is unacceptable.
A history of significant/recurrent anxiety and/or depression would normally
be unacceptable.
Vision
A minimum standard of 6/9 with both eyes open is required if necessary using
appropriate corrective lenses compatible with BA use. If visual correction
is required, an uncorrected visual acuity of 6/60 with both eyes open is
appropriate to allow the safe escape of the individual following an event. Visual
fields must be normal. Monocular vision is unacceptable.
Hearing Impairment
Individuals should be able to hear conversational speech without difficulty.
A hearing impairment in excess of 35dB in the better ear (averaged over 0.5, 1,
2kHz) may raise doubts about the ability of an individual to hear in a hazardous
environment. Such cases should be individually assessed by the examining
physician but are normally unlikely to be fit for unrestricted ERT membership.
Endocrine Disease
Significant endocrine disease requiring ongoing treatment will normally render
an individual unfit to participate in an ERT.
Medication
Individuals dependent on medication required to control an identified medical
condition that would deteriorate significantly should a dose be missed will
normally be unfit for ERT membership as will those taking medication that
causes side effects that would interfere with any of the ERT functions.
Musculoskeletal System
The examining physician should examine the musculoskeletal system to
exclude any pathology that would interfere with the execution of the individuals
essential job functions in the ERT. At a minimum, this evaluation will include
confirmation that the following are within the normal range: active range of
motion, limb strength, reflexes, flexibility, joint integrity. In addition, particular
attention should be paid to any history of back disorders.

3-4
Issue 6 March 2008

2.3
Aerobic Capacity Standards
It is appropriate to use the measurement of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max)

to predict aerobic capability and resistance to fatigue. This VO2 max may be
determined either by performing a shuttle run, by cycle ergonometer, or by
using the Chester Step Test or formally by physiological laboratory testing.
Experience in the offshore oil industry has shown the Chester Step Test is an
acceptable and reasonably reproducible method.
Based on the experience of other occupational groups, it has been determined
that a VO2 max of 35mls/Kg/min is the minimum that would indicate that
individuals will have a physical capability adequate for normal ERT duties as
described in Paragraph 2.1 (applicable to installations and locations with fixed
firefighting apparatus).
Certain installations may, on the basis of risk assessment, define more
extensive physical requirements where a higher physical standard is required.
In these cases, a VO2 max of 40mls/Kg/min or greater may be appropriate as
assessed by the duty holder.
2.4
Frequency of Assessment
Formal medical examinations should follow the normal Oil & Gas UK periodicity
whilst aerobic capacity assessment should be undertaken annually. The
aerobic capacity assessment must, however, include using the screening tool
described in Addendum 1.
2.5
Roles and Responsibilities
Medical examination should be performed by an Oil & Gas UK approved

physician in possession of a valid Oil & Gas UK PIN.
The aerobic capacity assessment may be carried out by an Oil & Gas UK
approved physician or by an offshore Medic, a nurse or other suitably trained
person working under the supervision of a Oil & Gas UK approved physician.
2.6
Certification of Fitness for ERT Duties
Following successful completion of the medical examination, for candidates

whose duties contain a physical component, the examining physician should
complete Part 1 of the Certificate of Fitness to Participate in ERT Duties
(refer to Addendum 6).
Following successful completion of the aerobic capacity assessment,
the responsible person should complete Part 2 of the Certificate of Fitness
to Participate in ERT Duties.
Subsequent aerobic capacity assessments between periodic medical
examinations should be entered in the remaining sections of Part 2 of the
certificate.
Issue 6 March 2008

3-5

In addition to confirming fitness to participate in ERT duties, operating
companies may wish to use this certificate as confirmation of fitness for
firefighting training. In such circumstances, the operating companys medical
adviser should ensure the acceptability of the certificate to the relevant
training body.
2.7
Implementation
Guidance based on current industry experience is critical for the successful

implementation of any process. Flexibility of application will help to enable
individuals to understand, achieve and maintain any required fitness levels for
their job function. This will also help maintain the operational availability of the
ERT whilst fitness profiles of the individual team members are optimised.
Operators should inform contractors of how these guidelines will be
implemented on their installations.
It is important to recognise that there is a margin of error associated with all
testing methods outside of a physiological laboratory.
Fundamental primary considerations to improve accuracy of results obtained
include preparation of the testing location, briefing and reassurance of the
participant to avoid behaviours that would affect the result, calibration of testing
equipment and training of operating personnel.
When evaluating results it is important that this potential for error be recognised
and that any failures to achieve the required standard be considered with this
effect in mind. It is recommended that procedures which allow for reasonably
rapid retesting (eg within 1 week) of potentially failed candidates be in place.
Where a candidate still fails to achieve the required standard it is
recommended that they be advised on participation in a physical fitness
training programme prior to formal retest at an appropriate interval (eg 6 to 8
weeks). During this initial period of physical fitness training it would be
reasonable to allow the individual to continue as an ERT member unless they
are patently unfit.
Further failure, however, would normally result in removal of the individual from
the ERT and substitution with a candidate who meets the standard.
Individuals on certain types of medication, including beta blockers, cannot be
evaluated by simple on-site methods and, if under consideration for ERT
membership, should be assessed either by a shuttle run test or by aerobic
capacity evaluation at an appropriate physiological laboratory.

3-6
Issue 6 March 2008

2.8
Voluntary Physical Fitness Programme
When there is a physical requirement associated with an emergency response

role it is recommended that there be a voluntary formal physical fitness
programme available to optimise the physical fitness of these ERT members.
This will assist those individuals who have failed to meet the standards of
physical fitness to achieve the standard and will also help existing members of
the team optimise and maintain their required fitness level.
2.9
Notes to Examiners
Aerobic capacity assessment by Chester Step Test or similar means involves

in itself a degree of physical exertion. For individuals deemed medically fit for
ERT duty as in Paragraph 2.2 above, the physical exertion involved in a step
test is extremely unlikely to result in the occurrence of any adverse event.
It is recommended, however, that a musculoskeletal/cardiovascular screening
should always be performed before proceeding to an aerobic capacity
assessment. A suitable screening tool is reproduced in Addendum 5.
Physical capability testing may be carried out at the examining doctors
premises. Alternatively, in certain circumstances, operating companies may
wish to perform such testing at an offshore location. In all instances, the
responsible doctor (examining physician or company medical adviser) must
conduct a written assessment of the clinical risk and suitability of undertaking
such testing for each installation/location under their control. At onshore
locations, doctors should consider issues including geographical location
of premises, lone working, access to emergency aid and availability of
resuscitation equipment. At offshore locations, variables such as the location
of the installation, weather, offshore Medic skills and training and equipment
should be considered.
Responsible physicians should consider the approach contained in the
Resuscitation Council (UK) document Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Guidance for Clinical Practice and Training in Primary Care July 2001 found
at: www.resus.org.uk.
Catering Crews
The following initial health assessment should be undertaken on all catering
workers. The assessment can be undertaken by a doctor, nurse or Medic
with appropriate experience and should be performed pre-employment and,
following a suitable risk assessment, as required thereafter.
A catering worker is someone involved in the preparation of food or who
spends a substantial period of time within the galley. This includes those
involved in the cleaning of utensils, maintenance of equipment or undertaking
supervisory duties.
Issue 6 March 2008

3-7

The assessment will normally consist of the following:
A questionnaire specifically related to symptoms of enteric illness and
communicable disease
An assessment of current hygiene practices. The assessment also provides
an opportunity to re-emphasise the principles of basic food hygiene
Thorough clinical examination of potential communicable disease sites, eg
skin, ears, upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract
Laboratory examination of stool specimens should only be undertaken
where this is considered clinically appropriate
Further assessment of individual catering workers will be required under the
following circumstances:
Frank or suspected infectious gastrointestinal disease
Close contact with an individual known to be suffering from gastroenteritis
Upon return from a visit to an area with a known high endemic incidence of
infectious gastrointestinal disease
Further investigation requirements should be discussed with a Consultant in
Public Health Medicine (CPHM).
Crane Operators
In addition to the standard Oil & Gas UK requirements, the following standards
are required for crane operators:
Have a minimum corrected visual acuity of 6/9 with both eyes open.
In addition, the corrected visual acuity must be no worse than 6/18 in each
eye separately
Monocular vision is unacceptable for crane driving because of the lack of
stereoscopic vision and the impact on field of vision
Candidates should be screened for loss of visual field by confrontation to
exclude major defects
Diplopia is unacceptable
Colour vision need only be tested if crane operations are colour dependent
(eg red/green signal lamps controlling movements)
Depth perception is necessary for safe crane movements. In most cases
this will be effectively established by demonstration of competence during
onshore training and consequently medical examination to establish
stereoscopic depth perception will not normally be necessary. Medical
examiners who choose to use stereoscopic screening procedures prior to
attending training should be aware of the potential for false positive results

3-8
Issue 6 March 2008

Air Crew and Commercial Divers

Workers subject to the statutory medical examination requirements for air crew
and commercial divers and in possession of a valid certificate will satisfy these
guidelines and do not require a further specific examination for offshore
medical fitness. They should, however, be issued with the appropriate Oil &
Gas UK certificate.
Issue 6 March 2008

3-9/10

Addendum 1
Medical Screening Questionnaire and

Examination Record
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Addendum 2

Note: The following certificate of fitness must be reproduced on company or practice
headed notepaper and must be issued to all successful candidates.
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Issue 6 March 2008

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Addendum 4

Note: The following certificate must be reproduced on company or practice headed
notepaper and must be issued to all unsuccessful candidates.
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Issue 6 March 2008

Add 4-1/2

Addendum 5
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Issue 6 March 2008
Cardiovascular/Musculoskeletal Screening Tool

Add 5-1/2

Addendum 6
Certificate of Fitness to Participate in

ERT Duties
headed notepaper and must be issued to all successful candidates.
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Issue 6 March 2008
Certificate of Fitness to Participate in ERT Duties

Add 6-1/2

Addendum 7

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Issue 6 March 2008
Risk Factor Assessment for the Determination of Follow-up

Frequency for Ischaemic Heart Disease Males Add 7-1

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Add 7-2 Frequency for Ischaemic Heart Disease Males
Issue 6 March 2008

Addendum 8

Determination of Follow-up Frequency for
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Issue 6 March 2008

Frequency for Ischaemic Heart Disease Females Add 8-1

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Issue 6 March 2008

Addendum 9

The following minimum standards should be used, but employers may use their own
policy where this meets or exceeds these standards.
Following a diagnosis of drug abuse (refer to Section 2 Paragraph 2.5) individuals
must complete a program of unannounced/random drug screening which meets the
following criteria before being considered for a return to offshore work:
(1)
The individual must submit to a minimum of three urinary drug tests over a
minimum period of 3 months. Although specimen collection may be carried out
by a suitably trained nurse or technician, the programme must remain under the
personal supervision of an Oil & Gas UK registered examining physician.
(2)
Testing must be random and/or unannounced. The individual must provide the
examining physician with a telephone number where he/she can be contacted at
all times during the testing period.
(3)
The individual will have to attend for the drug test within 4 hours of being
contacted.
(4)
If the individual will not be available to attend for a drug test within 4 hours due
to family holiday, work commitments or other reasons, he/she must inform the
examining physician in advance and provide satisfactory evidence to confirm the
reason for non-availability.
(5)
The drug test will, as a minimum, test for the following drug panel:
THC
Amphetamine
Metamphetamine
Cocaine
Benzodiazepines
Opiates
Methadone
GC/MS confirmation should be performed for all positive results.
Additional substances may be tested for at the discretion of the examining
doctor or on the requirement of the operating companys medical adviser.
(6)
Individuals may be subject to additional requirements stated in their employing

companys substance abuse policy and should ensure that they fully understand
the implications of such a policy before commencing any drug testing programme.
Issue 6 March 2008

Add 9-1

(7)
It is the individuals own responsibility to arrange the drug testing programme

with the examining doctor and the individual will be responsible for paying all
fees associated with the programme. The examining doctor may require full or
partial payment in advance. Not all examining physicians will have the facilities
to provide a random testing programme. In order to assist individuals seeking a
doctor able to perform these services, the Oil & Gas UK medical adviser will
maintain a list of doctors who have indicated their ability to do so.
(8)
Hair testing, performed to an evidential standard, may provide an acceptable

alternative method of assessment. In such circumstances, the individual must
provide a minimum of two negative tests over a period of 3 months.

Add 9-2
Issue 6 March 2008

Addendum 10
Health Surveillance
Routine health surveillance does not form part of the standard Oil & Gas UK medical
examination and employers should be aware that when investigations such as
audiometry and spirometry are performed as part of the medical, the primary purpose
is in determining fitness for offshore work. However, employers may wish to take the
opportunity of fulfilling some of their health surveillance obligations at the same time
as the Oil & Gas UK medical. In doing so it should be noted that the periodicity
required for health surveillance does not necessarily concur with that of the Oil & Gas
UK medical and employees may need to attend for surveillance at interim intervals.
Employers wishing to arrange concurrent health surveillance should ensure that the
examining physician has the necessary occupational health qualifications and
experience to carry out such surveillance. Certain health surveillance procedures
require the doctor to have undergone additional training, while statutory examinations
such as radiation, lead and asbestos require the doctor to be registered with the HSE.
The following is provided to assist examining doctors and employers wishing to
develop their own health surveillance programme. It is not intended to replace specific
legislation which should be referred to for definitive guidance in all cases.
Overview
Health surveillance should be implemented as an integral part of a health risk
management process comprising:
Issue 6 March 2008
Health Surveillance
Add 10-1

Identify Risk
The first stage of the process is to identify if there is a hazard to health and who
may be affected it by it. This includes a consideration of chemical, biological and
physical agents and work activities.
Eliminate
Where a risk has been identified, the next stage is to try to eliminate it. This can be
achieved in a number of ways such as engineering design or by changing the way
an activity is performed.
Risk Assessment
If a risk still remains, a risk assessment must be carried out to determine the
degree of risk. Whilst identifying the hazards, it may be necessary to consider
assessments required under specific legislation.
Control
Once the degree of risk has been established, the next stage is to identify the
controls required to reduce or control the risk. This must as a minimum include a
consideration of the task itself, the people involved, what tools and equipment are
used and the working environment. Hygiene exposure monitoring may be valuable
in confirming that controls remain adequate.
Health Surveillance
Health surveillance must be implemented for all personnel who may be exposed to
potentially hazardous situations to determine whether they are being affected by
such hazards.
Management Following Exposure
Where health surveillance shows that an employees health is being affected by
their work, measures must be taken to prevent further harm to the individual and to
provide any necessary treatment. Where appropriate, it may be necessary to
redeploy personnel or provide ongoing long-term support.
Monitoring and Evaluation
The results of health surveillance must be regularly assessed to determine whether
the impact of risk is being minimised and to identify any potential means for
reducing the risk in the first instance. Additionally, consideration shall be given to
whether there is a requirement for increasing the type and frequency of health
surveillance measures.
Health Surveillance
Add 10-2
Issue 6 March 2008

Health Surveillance
Health surveillance is an important part of health risk management and seeks to
confirm that where employees are potentially exposed to workplace hazards, the
control measures are effective and the worker is showing no biological changes that
could indicate damaging exposure. Health surveillance is appropriate where potential
exposure to a workplace hazard has a known health effect and there is a validated,
reproducible and measurable biological impact. Surveillance should be conducted
when an exposure is identified or can be reasonably expected, or is required under
legislation. These include a wide spectrum of chemical, physical and biological
hazards which can be divided into general industry-related hazards such as noise,
radiation, benzene and also location-specific exposures such as process-related
chemicals. Health surveillance need not be conducted when there is no exposure or
reason to expect an exposure unless specifically required by legislation.
Health surveillance may take one or more of the following forms:
Biological monitoring is the measurement and assessment of a substance or its
metabolite in tissues, secreta, excreta or exhaled air of the exposed workers
Biological effect monitoring is the measurement or assessment of early biological
effects in exposed workers
Inspection by a suitably qualified person.
Review of records and occupational history during and after exposure
Health surveillance is appropriate for workers liable to be exposed to:
Substances listed in Schedule 6 of the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health
(COSHH) Regulations
Any other substance or exposure for which an identifiable disease or adverse
health effect may be related to the exposure, there is a reasonable likelihood that
the disease or effect may occur under the particular condition of work, and there
are valid techniques for detecting indications of the disease or the effect
When required by specific legislation
Table 10.1 gives a summary of the main legislative requirements for health
surveillance.
Issue 6 March 2008
Health Surveillance
Add 10-3
Health Surveillance
Add 10-4
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Comments

Table 10.1 Summary of Main Legislative Requirements for Health Surveillance
Issue 6 March 2008

Medical Fitness For Work Offshore

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Medical Fitness For Work Offshore

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What are the main legislative requirements for health surveillance mentioned in the document?

What are the main legislative requirements for health surveillance mentioned in the document?

What types of health surveillance are mentioned?

What types of health surveillance are mentioned?

Medical Aspects of Fitness for Work Offshore:

Guidance for Examining Physicians

Medical Aspects of Fitness for

Medical Aspects of Fitness for Work Offshore:

General Guidance Notes

Determination of Risk for Specific

Special Employment Groups

Medical Screening Questionnaire and

Unrestricted Offshore Work Certificate

Restricted Offshore Work Certificate

Information for Unsuccessful Applicant

Certificate of Fitness to Participate in

Risk Factor Assessment for the

Risk Factor Assessment for the

Random Drug Testing Protocol

Issue 6 March 2008

Medical Aspects of Fitness for Work Offshore:

Scottish Division, Royal College of Psychiatrists

Energy Institute Health Technical Committee

Issue 6 March 2008

Medical Aspects of Fitness for Work Offshore:

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Civil Aviation Authority

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (vessel)

Hand/Arm Vibration Syndrome

Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

National Institute for Clinical Excellence

Personal Protective Equipment

Respiratory Protective Equipment

Transient Ischaemic Attack

United Kingdom Continental Shelf

Issue 6 March 2008

Medical Aspects of Fitness for Work Offshore:

The Medical Assessment Process

Information and Review Process for

The Offshore Working Environment

Issue 6 March 2008

General Guidance Notes

Medical Aspects of Fitness for Work Offshore:

The Medical Assessment Process

All assessments under these guidelines must include a personal examination

Issue 6 March 2008

General Guidance Notes

Medical Aspects of Fitness for Work Offshore:

The Medical Examination

The medical examination will always include the following:

General Guidance Notes

Issue 6 March 2008

Medical Aspects of Fitness for Work Offshore:

Issue 6 March 2008

General Guidance Notes

Medical Aspects of Fitness for Work Offshore:

Information and Review Process for

Was the medical examination conducted in accordance with the Fitness