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    Cambay Basin India

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    Shilpa Patil
    The Cambay Basin is a 500 km long rift basin located in western India that has produced significant oil and gas. Exploration began in 1958 with the discovery of hydrocarbons at the Lunej structure. Over 2300 wells have since been drilled, with 97 finds. The basin formed during the breakup of Gondwana in the late Cretaceous as the Deccan Traps erupted. Up to 8 km of tertiary sediments were deposited, including source rocks like the organic-rich Cambay Shale. Hydrocarbons migrated primarily during the early-middle Miocene into structural and stratigraphic traps in sandstone reservoirs across multiple plays ranging from Paleocene to Miocene in age. The

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    Cambay Basin India

    Uploaded by

    Shilpa Patil
    875 views18 pages
    The Cambay Basin is a 500 km long rift basin located in western India that has produced significant oil and gas. Exploration began in 1958 with the discovery of hydrocarbons at the Lunej structure. Over 2300 wells have since been drilled, with 97 finds. The basin formed during the breakup of Gondwana in the late Cretaceous as the Deccan Traps erupted. Up to 8 km of tertiary sediments were deposited, including source rocks like the organic-rich Cambay Shale. Hydrocarbons migrated primarily during the early-middle Miocene into structural and stratigraphic traps in sandstone reservoirs across multiple plays ranging from Paleocene to Miocene in age. The

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    Geological setting & Hydrocarbon potential of Cambay Basin of India

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    The Cambay Basin is a 500 km long rift basin located in western India that has produced significant oil and gas. Exploration began in 1958 with the discovery of hydrocarbons at the Lunej structure. Over 2300 wells have since been drilled, with 97 finds. The basin formed during the breakup of Gondwana in the late Cretaceous as the Deccan Traps erupted. Up to 8 km of tertiary sediments were deposited, including source rocks like the organic-rich Cambay Shale. Hydrocarbons migrated primarily during the early-middle Miocene into structural and stratigraphic traps in sandstone reservoirs across multiple plays ranging from Paleocene to Miocene in age. The

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    875 views18 pages

    Cambay Basin India

    Uploaded by

    Shilpa Patil
    The Cambay Basin is a 500 km long rift basin located in western India that has produced significant oil and gas. Exploration began in 1958 with the discovery of hydrocarbons at the Lunej structure. Over 2300 wells have since been drilled, with 97 finds. The basin formed during the breakup of Gondwana in the late Cretaceous as the Deccan Traps erupted. Up to 8 km of tertiary sediments were deposited, including source rocks like the organic-rich Cambay Shale. Hydrocarbons migrated primarily during the early-middle Miocene into structural and stratigraphic traps in sandstone reservoirs across multiple plays ranging from Paleocene to Miocene in age. The

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    The key takeaways are that the Cambay Basin is a major oil and gas producing basin in India located in Gujarat. It was discovered in 1958 and has seen over 2300 exploratory wells drilled since. The basin extends over 53,500 sq km and contains petroleum systems from the Paleocene to Miocene epochs.

    The major geological settings of the Cambay Basin are that it is a rift graben extending from Sanchore to Surat. It contains up to 8km of Tertiary sediments overlying Deccan Traps basalt. It is bounded by faults and divided into 5 tectonic blocks from north to south. Its evolution involved syn-rift, regressive, and tectonic phases.

    The major petroleum plays in the Cambay Basin are the Paleocene-Early Eocene play involving the Olpad Fm, the Middle Eocene play involving the Upper Tharad Fm, and the Late Eocene-Oligocene play involving the Trapur Shale and Dadhar Fm.

    Cambay Basin

    Topics
    1)Discovery
    2)Geographic location
    3) Geological Setting (Stratigraphy & Structure)

    4) Petroleum Systems
    5) Petroleum Plays
    6) Production

    1: Discovery

    In 1958, ONGC drilled its first exploratory well on


    Lunej structure near Cambay. This turned out to be
    a discovery well, which produced oil and gas.
    The discovery of oil in Ankleshwar structure in
    1960 gave boost to the exploration in the Cambay
    Basin.
    More than 2318 exploratory wells have been drilled
    in Cambay Basin.
    Out of 244 prospects drilled, 97 are oil and gas
    bearing.

    2: Geographic Location
    500 km long Rift basin extending
    from South of Cambay in S.
    Gujarat to Jaisalmer-Mari Ridge
    in Central Rajasthan.
    Subsurface
    structure
    covered
    by
    Gujarat
    Alluvium in the south and
    sands of Rajasthan Desert in
    the north.
    The total area of the basin is
    about 53,500 sq. km.

    3: Geological Setting

    3: Geological Setting
    The Cambay rift basin is a rich petroleum province majorly lying in
    the state of Gujarat, India
    It is a narrow elongated rift graben extending North to south from
    Sanchore to Surat.
    In the North the basin narrows, tectonically continuing beyond
    Sanchore to pass into the Barmer Basin of Rajasthan
    On the southern side the basin merges with Bombay offshore basin in
    the Arabian Sea.
    Seismic and drilled well data indicate a thickness of about 8 km of
    tertiary sediments resting over Deccan Volcanic basalt
    Rift shoulders are Aravalli - Delhi fold belt in east and Deccan Trap
    covered plateau of Saurashtra and Radhanpur-Barmer basement arch
    in the west.

    3: Geological Setting
    The Cambay rift valley is bounded by
    well demarcated basin margin step
    faults. Based on the cross trends the
    basin has been divided into five
    tectonic blocks. From north to south,
    the blocks are:

    1) Sanchor Tharad
    2) Mehsana Ahmedabad
    3) Cambay Tarapur
    4) Jambusar Broach &
    5) Narmada Block

    3: Geological
    Setting

    3: Geological Setting
    Basin Evolution :The Early Tertiary sediments ranging in age from Paleocene to Early Eocene
    represent syn-rift stage of deposition that was controlled by faults and
    basement highs in an expanding rift system. These sediments are characterised
    by an assortment of ill sorted, high energy trap derived materials. Subsidence
    of the basin resulted in the accumulation of a thick sequence of euxinic black
    shales with subordinate coarser clastics.
    The Middle Eocene witnessed a regressive phase with oscillating conditions of
    deposition and development of deltaic sequences in the entire basin.
    There was a regional southward tilt of the entire rift basin during Late Eocene
    and it is marked by a regional marine transgression extending far to the north
    upto Sanchor basin.
    Oligocene Lower Miocene marks another phase of tectonic activity with
    extensive deposition of coarser clastic sediments in the central and southern
    blocks.

    3: Geological Setting: Stratigraphy

    3: Geological Setting
    Age of the Basin :
    The evolution of the Cambay basin began following the
    extensive outpour of Deccan Basalts (Deccan Trap) during late
    Cretaceous covering large tracts of western and central India.
    Its a narrow half graben trending roughly NNW-SSE filled
    with Tertiary sediments with rifting due to extensional
    tectonics.
    Sediment-thickness: Seismic and drilled well data indicate
    a thickness of about 8 km of Tertiary sediments resting over
    the Deccan volcanics.

    4: Petroleum Systems
    Source Rock

    Early to Middle Eocene thick Cambay Shale has been the main
    Hydrocarbon Source Rock for oil fields in the Cambay Basin.
    The TOC ( Total Organic Carbon ) and maturation studies suggest that
    Olpad Formation Shale is organically rich and thermally mature.

    Reservoir Rock

    The reservoir majorly consists of sand sized Basalt fragments although


    localised Middle Eocene sandstone lenses occur in the Cambay Shale.

    Cap Rock

    Transgressive Shale within the deltaic sequences of Late Eocene,


    Oligocene and Miocene age provide a good cap rock.

    4: Petroleum Systems
    Timing of migration & Trap formation:
    The peak of oil generation and migration is understood to have taken place
    during Early to Middle Miocene.

    4: Petroleum Systems
    Types of Traps:
    Structural Highs and fault closures & Stratigraphic traps (pinchouts /
    wedgeouts, lenticular sands, oolitic sands, weathered trap) in
    Paleocene to Miocene sequences have been proved as important plays
    of Cambay Basin.

    5: Petroleum Plays

    5: Petroleum Plays
    1) Paleocene Early Eocene Play :
    a) Formations : Olpad Formation/ Lower Cambay Shale.
    b) Reservoir Rocks : Sand size basalt fragments & localized sandstone. Unconformities within the
    Cambay Shale and between the Olpad Formation and the Cambay Shale have played a positive
    role in the generation of secondary porosities. The Olpad Formation is characterised by the
    development of piedmont deposits against fault scarps and fan delta complexes.

    2)

    Middle Eocene Play :


    a) Formations : Upper Tharad Formation
    b) Reservoir Rocks : In Southern part, Hazad delta sands of Mid to Late Eocene & in the Northern
    part the deltaic sequence is made up of alternations of sandstone and shale associated with coal.
    Plays are also developed in many paleo-delta sequences of Middle Eocene both in northern and
    southern Cambay In the Northern Cambay Basin, two delta systems have been recognised.

    3)

    Late Eocene Oligocene Play :


    a) Formations : Trapur Shale, Dadhar Formation.
    b) Reservoir Rocks : This sequence is observed to possess good reservoir facies in the entire Gulf of Cambay.
    North of the Mahi river, a thick deltaic sequence, developed during OligoMiocene, has prograded upto
    south Tapti area.

    4)

    Miocene Play :
    a) Formations : Deodar : Formation (LR. Miocene), Dhima Formation (Mid Miocene), Antrol Formation (UP.
    Miocene) The Mahi River delta sequence extends further westward to Cambay area where Miocene rocks
    are hydrocarbon bearing.

    6: Production

    References

    Bhowmick P.K., Phenerozoic Petroliferous basins of India., Glimpses of


    Geoscience Research in India, pp.1-16.
    Bhardwaj V.K. and Saini S.S., Hydrocarbon Potential of India, Glimpses of
    Geoscience Research in India.
    Biswas, S.K., 2012. Status of Petroleum Exploration in India, PINSA 78 No. 3.
    Pandey J. and Dave A., Stratigraphy of Indian Petroliferous Basins.
    R. Bhattacharyya, and T. J. Majumdar (2013) Basin and sub-basin crustal
    structure of a part of the western offshore, India. J. Ind. Geophys. Union, vol.17,
    No.2, pp. 179-186.
    Directorate General of Hydrocarbons Cambay Rift Basin
    (http://www.dghindia.org)
    http://www.energy-pedia.com/news/india/oilex-announces-first-productionfrom-cambay-oil-field
    http://www.smfletcher.com/ProjectSummary/Audit.htm

    http://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-96/issue-21/in-this-issue/generalinterest/coalbed-methane-could-cut-india39s-energy-deficit.html
    http://www.geoglobalresources.com/indiaoil.php

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