Table of Contents

Acknowledgements........................................................................................................................................... vii
Section 1Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1

IATAWho We Are; What We Do ...................................................................................................... 1

1.2

IATA's Airport Activities ...................................................................................................................... 1

1.2.1

Airport Consultative Committees (ACCs) ..............................................................................2

1.2.2

IATA Consulting Services for Airports...................................................................................2

1.2.3

International Industry Working Group ...................................................................................3

1.3

Other IATA Airport Activities .............................................................................................................. 4

1.4

Airports Council International (ACI) Collaboration .............................................................................4

1.4.1

Introduction to Airports Council International (ACI)...............................................................4

1.5

Purpose of the Airport Development Reference Manual ...................................................................5

1.6

How to Use the ADRM ...................................................................................................................... 6

1.7

ADRM: New Format ........................................................................................................................... 7

1.8

Reference Marks ................................................................................................................................ 8

Section 2Forecasting...................................................................................................................................... 9
2.1

Introduction and Definition ............................................................................................................... 10

2.2

Economic Base for Air Travel........................................................................................................... 12

2.3

2.2.1

Airport Catchment Area....................................................................................................... 12

2.2.2

Socioeconomic Base........................................................................................................... 13

2.2.3

Transfer Traffic .................................................................................................................... 14

2.2.4

Airline Yields........................................................................................................................ 14

2.2.5

Tourism ............................................................................................................................... 15

2.2.6

Trade ................................................................................................................................... 17

2.2.7

Intermodal Transportation ................................................................................................... 17

2.2.8

Economic Base Data Analysis ............................................................................................ 17

Historical Aviation Activity ................................................................................................................ 18

2.3.1

Data Collection .................................................................................................................... 19

2.3.2

Airport Role ......................................................................................................................... 23

2.3.3

Historical Passenger Volumes ............................................................................................ 23

2.3.4

Top Domestic and International Destinations .....................................................................23

2.3.5

Historical Market Share by Airline .......................................................................................24

2.3.6

Historical Air Cargo Tonnage .............................................................................................. 24

2.3.7

Historical Movements by Segment......................................................................................25

2.3.8

Forecast Impact Factors...................................................................................................... 25

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2.4

Competitive Analysis ........................................................................................................................ 26

2.5

Review of Existing Forecasts ........................................................................................................... 26

2.6

Common Forecasting Techniques ................................................................................................... 26

2.7

2.6.1

Trend/Time Series............................................................................................................... 27

2.6.2

Consensus Forecasts.......................................................................................................... 27

2.6.3

Market Share Forecasts ...................................................................................................... 28

2.6.4

Econometric/Regression Model ..........................................................................................29

Passenger Activity Forecast............................................................................................................. 32

2.7.1

Passenger Activity Segments.............................................................................................. 32

2.7.2

Passenger Activity Benchmarking.......................................................................................33

2.7.3

Passenger Activity Alternative Scenarios............................................................................34

2.8

Baggage Forecast ............................................................................................................................ 34

2.9

Air Cargo Activity Forecast............................................................................................................... 35

2.10

2.9.1

Air Cargo Supply and Demand ........................................................................................... 36

2.9.2

Cargo Data Analysis............................................................................................................ 37

2.9.3

Cargo Market Forecast Benchmarking ...............................................................................38

2.9.4

Cargo Activity Forecast ....................................................................................................... 39

Air Transport Movement Forecast.................................................................................................... 40

2.10.1 ATM Segments.................................................................................................................... 40
2.10.2 Passenger ATMs................................................................................................................. 41
2.10.3 Freighter ATM Forecast ...................................................................................................... 44
2.10.4 General Aviation ATM Forecast ..........................................................................................45
2.10.5 Military/Government ATM Forecast.....................................................................................47
2.10.6 Total ATM Forecast............................................................................................................. 47

2.11

Peak Period Forecast....................................................................................................................... 47

2.11.1 Peak Period Traffic Measure............................................................................................... 48
2.11.2 Incorporating Directionality into Peak Hour Analysis ..........................................................49
2.11.3 Peak Period Forecasts ........................................................................................................ 49
2.11.4 Conclusions Regarding Peak Period Analysis ....................................................................50

Section 3Planning ......................................................................................................................................... 53

iv

3.1

Introduction....................................................................................................................................... 53

3.2

Master Planning ............................................................................................................................... 53

3.2.1

Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 54

3.2.2

Consultation ........................................................................................................................ 58

3.2.3

The Master Planning Process ............................................................................................. 63

3.2.4

Preplanning ......................................................................................................................... 66

3.2.5

Traffic Forecasts.................................................................................................................. 70

3.2.6

Data Collection, Site Evaluation and Facility Potential .......................................................71

3.2.7

Requirements Analysis........................................................................................................ 77

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3.2.8

Development of Options...................................................................................................... 94

3.2.9

Environmental Responsibility ............................................................................................109

3.2.10 Land Use Planning ............................................................................................................ 119

3.2.11 Outline Development Plan................................................................................................. 126
3.2.12 Financial Assessment ....................................................................................................... 130
3.2.13 Reporting/Deliverables ...................................................................................................... 142
3.2.14 Master Planning on a Greenfield Site ...............................................................................147
3.2.15 Operational Readiness and Training.................................................................................160
3.2.16 References ........................................................................................................................ 162
3.3

3.4

Airside Infrastructure ...................................................................................................................... 163

3.3.1

Runways............................................................................................................................ 163

3.3.2

Taxiways and Taxi-lanes................................................................................................... 172

3.3.3

Aircraft Parking Stands...................................................................................................... 175

3.3.4

Aircraft Ground Servicing .................................................................................................. 204

3.3.5

Air and Ground Navigation Aids........................................................................................ 243

Passenger Terminal ....................................................................................................................... 255

3.4.1

Introduction........................................................................................................................ 255

3.4.2

Terminal Design Considerations ....................................................................................... 256

3.4.3

Terminal Planning Concepts ............................................................................................. 273

3.4.4

Terminal Capacity and Level of Service ...........................................................................302

3.4.5

Level of Service Concept and Planning Guidelines ..........................................................310

3.4.6

DemandCapacity Assessment ........................................................................................314

3.4.7

The Optimum Solution and Balanced Capacity ..............................................................317

3.4.8

Passenger Process ........................................................................................................... 319

3.4.9

Segregation and Security Requirements in Airport Terminals ..........................................323

3.4.10 Vertical and Horizontal Circulation ....................................................................................325

3.4.11 Departures......................................................................................................................... 327
3.4.12 Transfers ........................................................................................................................... 405
3.4.13 Arrivals .............................................................................................................................. 410
3.4.14 Commercial and Retail Opportunities ...............................................................................440
3.4.15 Access to Air Travel for Persons with Reduced Mobility ..................................................448
3.4.16 Toilet Provisions ................................................................................................................ 457
3.4.17 Passenger Wayfinding and Signage .................................................................................459
3.4.18 Landside Access Systems and Forecourts .......................................................................463
3.4.19 Baggage Handling System................................................................................................ 471
3.5

Cargo Terminal............................................................................................................................... 481

3.5.1

Introduction........................................................................................................................ 481

3.5.2

Cargo Operations .............................................................................................................. 481

3.5.3

eBusiness.......................................................................................................................... 489

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3.5.4

Air/Rail Cargo .................................................................................................................... 489

3.5.5

The Cargo Apron............................................................................................................... 490

3.5.6

The Cargo Facility ............................................................................................................. 496

3.5.7

Forecasting and Sizing...................................................................................................... 497

3.5.8

Sizing Parameters ............................................................................................................. 501

3.5.9

Cargo Design Considerations: Scope of Evaluation .........................................................505

3.5.10 Typical Cargo Flows.......................................................................................................... 516

3.5.11 Cargo Communication Controls ........................................................................................517
3.5.12 Cargo Control Regulations ................................................................................................ 518
3.5.13 Cargo Security Controls .................................................................................................... 519
3.5.14 Cargo Safety Controls ....................................................................................................... 519
3.5.15 Cargo Government Controls ............................................................................................. 520
3.5.16 Cargo Facilitation .............................................................................................................. 520
3.5.17 Express Cargo Processing................................................................................................521
3.5.18 Perishable Cargo............................................................................................................... 530
3.5.19 Mail Facilities..................................................................................................................... 538
3.6

Airport Support Elements ............................................................................................................... 541

3.7

Surface Access Systems ............................................................................................................... 541

3.8

Airport Simulation ........................................................................................................................... 541

3.8.1

Introduction........................................................................................................................ 541

3.8.2

Definitions and Basic Considerations................................................................................546

3.8.3

Areas of Application .......................................................................................................... 551

3.8.4

Project Methodology.......................................................................................................... 561

3.8.5

Best Practice Project Life Cycle Examples .......................................................................572

3.8.6

General Considerations and Lessons Learned.................................................................587

Glossary .......................................................................................................................................................... 597

Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................................ 605

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